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Cao H, Mao J, Tratnyek PG, Xu W. Role of Nitrogenous Functional Group Identity in Accelerating 1,2,3-Trichloropropane Degradation by Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Matter (PCM) and Sulfide Using PCM-like Polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10752-10763. [PMID: 38848107 PMCID: PMC11191598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) poses a unique challenge due to its human toxicity and recalcitrance to degradation. Previous work suggests that nitrogenous functional groups of pyrogenic carbonaceous matter (PCM), such as biochar, are important in accelerating contaminant dechlorination by sulfide. However, the reaction mechanism is unclear due, in part, to PCM's structural complexity. Herein, PCM-like polymers (PLPs) with controlled placement of nitrogenous functional groups [i.e., quaternary ammonium (QA), pyridine, and pyridinium cations (py+)] were employed as model systems to investigate PCM-enhanced TCP degradation by sulfide. Our results suggest that both PLP-QA and PLP-py+ were highly effective in facilitating TCP dechlorination by sulfide with half-lives of 16.91 ± 1.17 and 0.98 ± 0.15 days, respectively, and the reactivity increased with surface nitrogenous group density. A two-step process was proposed for TCP dechlorination, which is initiated by reductive ß-elimination, followed by nucleophilic substitution by surface-bound sulfur nucleophiles. The TCP degradation kinetics were not significantly affected by cocontaminants (i.e., 1,1,1-trichloroethane or trichloroethylene), but were slowed by natural organic matter. Our results show that PLPs containing certain nitrogen functional groups can facilitate the rapid and complete degradation of TCP by sulfide, suggesting that similarly functionalized PCM might form the basis for a novel process for the remediation of TCP-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Jingdong Mao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion
University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
| | - Paul G. Tratnyek
- OHSU/PSU
School of Public Health, Oregon Health &
Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
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Liu S, Gu C, Zhang J, Luo C, Rong X, Yue G, Liu H, Wen J, Ma J. Degradation of 1,2,3-trichloropropane by unactivated persulfate and the implications for groundwater remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161201. [PMID: 36581269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate (PS) is widely used as an in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology for groundwater and soil remediation. While conventional theory generally assumes that PS needs to be "activated" to produce reactive radicals for pollutant degradation, herein, PS without explicit activation system was discovered for the degradation of 1,2,3-TCP with the generation of reactive oxidation species (ROS). Comparison of five common ISCO oxidants (PS, peroxymonosulfate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, and sodium percarbonate) indicated that only unactivated PS was able to degrade 1,2,3-TCP in both pure water and 12 natural water samples. 50 μM 1,2,3-TCP degradation can be continued as long as there is enough PS (50 mM). The degradation rate of 1,2,3-TCP increased 450 % when the PS concentration increased from 10 mM to 50 mM and 500 % when the temperature increased from 25 °C to 45 °C. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyzes, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) probe reaction and radical quenching experiments confirmed the involvement of both sulfate radicals (SO4·-) and ·OH that were responsible for 1,2,3-TCP degradation and ·OH played a more important role. HCO3-, Cl- and NOM are three groundwater matrix species that are most likely to inhibit PS oxidation of 1,2,3-TCP. Compared to activated PS, unactivated PS is more promising and more practical for groundwater remediation, since it has several advantages: (1) longer lifetime and better long-term availability; (2) ability of enduring contaminant degradation; (3) applicable for low-permeability zones remediation and potential to alleviate contaminant rebound or tailing problems; (4) environmental friendly; and (5) lower cost. Overall, results of this study show that unactivated PS is a promising in situ remediation technology that may be a good candidate for the most challenging low permeable zone remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chunyun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chaoyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xun Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Gangsen Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Lab of Oil & Gas Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
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Zhang M, Ning Z, Guo C, Shi C, Zhang S, Sheng Y, Chen Z. Using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis to decipher the 1,2,3-trichloropropane-to-Allyl chloride transformation by groundwater microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120577. [PMID: 36336183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP), a refractory contaminant, can be reductive dehalogenated to allyl chloride (AC) by microorganisms, which has been shown a potential in situ bioremediation (ISB) strategy for TCP remediation in groundwater. In practice, however, it is hard to monitor the bioreduction extent because the TCP concentrations may also be decreased by non-biodegradation processes. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) can be promising in determining the extent of degradation by quantifying the isotope enrichment factors (ε) of relevant degradation mechanisms. To date, no CSIA study has been reported on TCP degradation. In this study, a novel TCP-to-AC transformation enrichment culture (dominated by Azotobacter, Parabacteroides, Fusibacter, Hydrogenophaga, Trichococcus Desulfovibrio, etc) in the absence of the already identified TCP anaerobic reductive dechlorinating microorganisms (e.g., Dehalogenimonas) was derived from a chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer. A TCP degradation experiment was carried out by adding yeast extract to produce hydrogen as an electron donor. The TCP-to-AC transformation was found to conform to zero-order conversion kinetics with the rate constant 11 ± 0.34 μmol L-1 d-1 during the main biodegradation stage. The bulk carbon isotope enrichment factor (εbulk) of the TCP-to-AC transformation was firstly evaluated as -5.2 ± 0.1‰. This study for the first time characterized the carbon isotope fractionations during TCP biodegradation using a novel enrichment culture, which would provide a promising tool for the incorporation of ISB for TCP removal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province & China Geological Survey, Zhengding, Hebei, 050083, China
| | - Zhuo Ning
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province & China Geological Survey, Zhengding, Hebei, 050083, China
| | - Caijuan Guo
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province & China Geological Survey, Zhengding, Hebei, 050083, China
| | - Chan Shi
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province & China Geological Survey, Zhengding, Hebei, 050083, China; Suzhou Guanfu Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Sha Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province & China Geological Survey, Zhengding, Hebei, 050083, China; Suzhou Guanfu Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Yizhi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zongyu Chen
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province & China Geological Survey, Zhengding, Hebei, 050083, China.
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He X, Majid B, Zhang H, Liu W, Limmer MA, Burken JG, Shi H. Green Analysis: Rapid-Throughput Analysis of Volatile Contaminants in Plants by Freeze-Thaw-Equilibration Sample Preparation and SPME-GC-MS Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5428-5434. [PMID: 33926188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging and fugitive contaminants (EFCs) can be introduced into the food chain through plants, particularly crop plants, and have threatened food safety and human health. The method for determination of volatile EFCs in plant tissues remains challenging. A new rapid, simple, precise, and accurate freeze-thaw-equilibration followed by head space (HS)-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method was developed in this study for high-throughput analysis of 1,4-dioxane and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) in tissues of three representative crop plants, corn, wheat, and tomato. The samples were treated by a freeze-thaw procedure, then equilibrated in a saturated sodium sulfate solution, and analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS method. Method detection limits ranged from 0.6 to 16 ng/g. The calibration showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9). Recoveries of spiked analytes in the three plant species ranged from 82.69 to 106.3%. The ability of plant uptake of the compounds from soil has been investigated. As demonstrated in this study, this method is used to measure the concentrations of volatile contaminants in the stems of crop plants. This method should also be applicable for other plant tissues and therefore will contribute significantly to the sight of EFC transport in plants and to assess the potential risks EFCs pose to food safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong He
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Bagheri Majid
- Center of Research for Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409 United States
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environment Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Haiting Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Center of Research for Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409 United States
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environment Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Matt A Limmer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joel G Burken
- Center of Research for Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409 United States
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environment Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Center of Research for Energy and Environment, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409 United States
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Torralba-Sanchez TL, Bylaska EJ, Salter-Blanc AJ, Meisenheimer DE, Lyon MA, Tratnyek PG. Reduction of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP): pathways and mechanisms from computational chemistry calculations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:606-616. [PMID: 31990012 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic pathway for degradation of halogenated aliphatic compounds in groundwater or other environments with relatively anoxic and/or reducing conditions is reductive dechlorination. For 1,2-dihalocarbons, reductive dechlorination can include hydrogenolysis and dehydrohalogenation, the relative significance of which depends on various structural and energetic factors. To better understand how these factors influence the degradation rates and products of the lesser halogenated hydrocarbons (in contrast to the widely studied per-halogenated hydrocarbons, like trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride), density functional theory calculations were performed to compare all of the possible pathways for reduction and elimination of 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP). The results showed that free energies of each species and reaction step are similar for all levels of theory, although B3LYP differed from the others. In all cases, the reaction coordinate diagrams suggest that β-elimination of TCP to allyl chloride followed by hydrogenolysis to propene is the thermodynamically favored pathway. This result is consistent with experimental results obtained using TCP, 1,2-dichloropropane, and 1,3-dichloropropane in batch experiments with zerovalent zinc (Zn0, ZVI) as a reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tifany L Torralba-Sanchez
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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