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Xiu FR, Bai Q, Qi Y, Lei X, Yang R, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhan L, Zhou H, Shao W. An alkali-enhanced subcritical water treatment strategy of short-chain chlorinated paraffins: Dechlorination and hydrocarbons recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166574. [PMID: 37647949 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
As persistent organic pollutants, short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) have attracted wide attention in the field of environmental health risk and hazardous waste management. Efficient dechlorination of high content of SCCPs in plastic waste is the committed step for its detoxification and safety treatment. In this study, a high-efficiency and low-temperature process for dechlorination and hydrocarbons recovery from typical SCCPs (52#SCCPs) by subcritical water (SubCW) with alkali enhancer was developed. The introduction of alkali enhancer in the SubCW process had significantly enhanced effect on the dechlorination of 52#SCCPs, and the order of the enhanced effect of alkali enhancer for the dechlorination was NaOH > Na2CO3 > NaHCO3 > NH3·H2O > KOH. The dechlorination behaviors of 52#SCCPs in the NaOH-enhanced SubCW process were studied systematically under different conditions including temperature, residence time, alkali concentration, and volume ratio. The results showed that high-efficiency dechlorination (100 %) of 52#SCCPs could be achieved by the NaOH-enhanced SubCW process at low temperature for a short time (250 °C, 5 min). All of the chlorine released from the molecular chain of 52#SCCPs was transferred to the aqueous phase in the form of inorganic chlorine. The continuous HCl elimination reaction was the primary dechlorination mechanism for 52#SCCPs in the NaOH-enhanced SubCW process. After the dechlorination of 52#SCCPs, high value-added hydrocarbons such as 2,4-hexadiyne (31.74 %) could be obtained. The alkali-enhanced SubCW process proposed in this study is believed to be an environmentally friendly and high-efficiency method for dechlorination/detoxification and resource recovery of SCCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Xiu
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Bai
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Qi
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyue Lei
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Yang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Wang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Wang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Longsheng Zhan
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Zhou
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Shao
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710054, People's Republic of China
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Lyu L, Zhang S. Chlorinated Paraffin Pollution in the Marine Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11687-11703. [PMID: 37503949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitous in the environment due to their large-scale usage, persistence, and long-range atmospheric transport. The oceans are a critical environment where CPs transformation occurs. However, the broad impacts of CPs on the marine environment remain unclear. This review describes the sources, occurrence and transport pathways, environmental processes, and ecological effects of CPs in the marine environment. CPs are distributed in the global marine environment by riverine input, ocean currents, and long-range atmospheric transport from industrial areas. Environmental processes, such as the deposition of particle-bound compounds, leaching of plastics, and microbial degradation of CPs, are the critical drivers for regulating CPs' fate in water columns or sediment. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of CPs in marine food webs may threaten marine ecosystem functions. To elucidate the biogeochemical processes and environmental impacts of CPs in marine environments, future work should clarify the burden and transformation process of CPs and reveal their ecological effects. The results would help readers clarify the current research status and future research directions of CPs in the marine environment and provide the scientific basis and theoretical foundations for the government to assess marine ecological risks of CPs and to make policies for pollution prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, China
| | - Si Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China
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Yang SQ, Liu ZQ, Cui YH, Wang MK. Organics abatement and recovery from wastewater by a polymerization-based electrochemically assisted persulfate process: Promotion effect of chloride ion and its mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130658. [PMID: 36580777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous chloride ion (Cl-) in wastewaters usually inhibits the degradation of organic contaminants and generates numerous toxic chlorinated products in conventional degradation-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Herein, a more Cl- tolerant polymerization-based electrochemical AOP for organic contaminants abatement and simultaneous organic resource recovery was demonstrated with eight typical organic contaminants and two real industrial wastewaters for the first time. This process can significantly promote dissolved organic carbon (DOC) abatement in the presence of Cl-, differing greatly from conventional degradation-based processes. Compared to sulfate radical (SO4•-) (or hydroxyl radical (HO•)), dichloride radical (Cl2•-) derived from Cl- has moderate reactivity towards most contaminants, which facilitates the organics polymerization as it ensures the formation of polymerizable organic radicals while inhibiting their excessive degradation. Thus, high DOC abatement (over 75 %) and high organic resource recovery ratio (48-79 % separable organic-polymer yield) can be achieved for most contaminants. Both soluble chlorinated compounds and solid chlorinated polymers are formed in the presence of Cl-. The chlorinated products (e.g. chlorophenols) can be polymerized as new monomers, thus the concentration of dissolved organic chlorinated products is much lower than that in conventional degradation-based process. The tolerance of the present process to Cl- is tested in real coking wastewaters, and exceeding 60 % of the abated chemical oxygen demand (COD) is obtained in the form of recoverable organic-polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Qin Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zheng-Qian Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yu-Hong Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Ming-Kui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China
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Luo N, Gao Y, Wang M, Niu X, Li G, An T. A new bi-radical species formed during the photochemical degradation of synthetic musk tonalide in water: Study of in-situ laser flash photolysis and validation of synthesized standard sample. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160311. [PMID: 36403842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of synthetic musks is causing serious concern due to the species produced from their transformation and environmental impacts. In this study, tonalide was selected as a representative synthetic musk to evaluate the transformation mechanism and pathway in water under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The results showed that tonalide could undergo rapid photochemical degradation through a new pivotal bi-radical, which acts as the initial active species. The bi-radicals with a typical absorption peak at 340 nm was observed by in-situ laser flash photolysis technology, and the absolute decay rate constant was obtained as 3.61 ± 0.01 × 109 M-1 s-1 with the life-time of 83.3 ns. The photochemical degradation by-products of tonalide were also identified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the precise structures of key by-products have been validated by our preparative synthesized standard samples confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Thus, the mechanism of tonalide photochemical degradation, continuous photoenolization of the bi-radicals and followed cycloaddition reaction with O2, was proposed as the predominant pathway. The main degradation by-product, photoenol which has a higher bioconcentration than that of tonalide, was found to form from the bi-radicals photoenolization. This study is the first work to propose a new bi-radical as the photoenol precursors during photochemical degradation of tonalide in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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DiMento BP, Tusei CL, Aeppli C. Photochemical degradation of short-chain chlorinated paraffins in aqueous solution by hydrated electrons and hydroxyl radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134732. [PMID: 35525447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are a complex mixture of polychlorinated alkanes (C10-C13, chlorine content 40-70%), and have been categorized as persistent organic pollutants. However, there are knowledge gaps about their environmental degradation, particularly the effectiveness and mechanism of photochemical degradation in surface waters. Photochemically-produced hydrated electrons (e-(aq)) have been shown to degrade highly chlorinated compounds in environmentally-relevant conditions more effectively than hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which can degrade a wide range of organic pollutants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for e-(aq) and ·OH to degrade SCCPs. To this end, the degradation of SCCP model compounds was investigated under laboratory conditions that photochemically produced e-(aq) or ·OH. Resulting SCCP degradation rate constants for e-(aq) were on the same order of magnitude as well-known chlorinated pesticides. Experiments in the presence of ·OH yielded similar or higher second-order rate constants. Trends in e-(aq) and ·OH degradation rate constants of the investigated SCCPs were consistent with those of other chlorinated compounds, with higher chlorine content producing in higher rate constants for e-(aq) and lower for ·OH. Above a chlorine:carbon ratio of approximately 0.6, the e-(aq) second-order rate constants were higher than rate constants for ·OH reactions. Results of this study furthermore suggest that SCCPs are likely susceptible to degradation in sunlit surface waters, facilitated by dissolved organic matter as a source of photochemically produced e-(aq) and ·OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P DiMento
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, ME, USA; Colby College, 5750 Mayflower Hill Drive, Waterville, ME, 04901, USA.
| | - Cristina L Tusei
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, ME, USA; Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Aeppli
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Dr, East Boothbay, ME, USA; Colby College, 5750 Mayflower Hill Drive, Waterville, ME, 04901, USA
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Qian Y, Han W, Zhou F, Ji B, Zhang H, Zhang K. Effects of Pressurized Aeration on the Biodegradation of Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins by Escherichia coli Strain 2. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060634. [PMID: 35736341 PMCID: PMC9227625 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were defined as persistent organic pollutants in 2017, and they can migrate and transform in the environment, accumulate in organisms, and amplify through the food chain. Although they pose a serious threat to environmental safety and human health, there are few papers on their removal. The current SCCP removal methods are expensive, require severe operating conditions, involve time-consuming biological treatment, and have poor removal specificities. Therefore, it is important to seek efficient methods to remove SCCPs. In this paper, a pressurized reactor was introduced, and the removal performance of SCCPs by Escherichia coli strain 2 was investigated. The results indicated that moderate pure oxygen pressurization promoted bacterial growth, but when it exceeded 0.15 MPa, the bacterial growth was severely inhibited. When the concentration of SCCPs was 20 mg/L, the removal rate of SCCPs was 85.61% under 0.15 MPa pure oxygen pressurization for 7 days, which was 25% higher than at atmospheric pressure (68.83%). In contrast, the removal rate was only 69.28% under 0.15 MPa air pressure. As the pressure continued to increase, the removal rate of SCCPs decreased significantly. The total amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increased significantly upon increasing the pressure, and the amount of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) was higher than that of loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS). The pressure mainly promoted the secretion of proteins in LB-EPS. Furthermore, an appropriate pure oxygen pressure of 0.15 MPa improved the dehydrogenase activity. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results indicated that the degradation pathway possibly involved the cleavage of the C–Cl bond in SCCPs, which produced Cl−, followed by C–C bond breaking. This process degraded long-chain alkanes into short-chain alkanes. Moreover, the main degradation products detected were 2,4-dimethylheptane (C9H20), 2,5-dimethylheptane (C9H20), and 3,3-dimethylhexane (C8H18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Qian
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Q.); (W.H.); (B.J.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Wanling Han
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Q.); (W.H.); (B.J.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fuhai Zhou
- Zhejiang Haiyi Environmental Protection Equipment Engineering Co., Ltd., Quzhou 324000, China;
| | - Bixiao Ji
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Q.); (W.H.); (B.J.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Q.); (W.H.); (B.J.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-150-5803-3683
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315000, China; (Y.Q.); (W.H.); (B.J.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Yadav V, Sharma H, Rana A, Saini VK. Facile synthesis of boron and nitrogen doped TiO2 as effective catalysts for photocatalytic degradation of emerging micro-pollutants. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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He H, Li Y, Shen R, Shim H, Zeng Y, Zhao S, Lu Q, Mai B, Wang S. Environmental occurrence and remediation of emerging organohalides: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118060. [PMID: 34479159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As replacements for "old" organohalides, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), "new" organohalides have been developed, including decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), and perfluorobutyrate (PFBA). In the past decade, these emerging organohalides (EOHs) have been extensively produced as industrial and consumer products, resulting in their widespread environmental distribution. This review comprehensively summarizes the environmental occurrence and remediation methods for typical EOHs. Based on the data collected from 2015 to 2021, these EOHs are widespread in both abiotic (e.g., dust, air, soil, sediment, and water) and biotic (e.g., bird, fish, and human serum) matrices. A significant positive correlation was found between the estimated annual production amounts of EOHs and their environmental contamination levels, suggesting the prohibition of both production and usage of EOHs as a critical pollution-source control strategy. The strengths and weaknesses, as well as the future prospects of up-to-date remediation techniques, such as photodegradation, chemical oxidation, and biodegradation, are critically discussed. Of these remediation techniques, microbial reductive dehalogenation represents a promising in situ remediation method for removal of EOHs, such as perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hojae Shim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yanhong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Siyan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Qihong Lu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Wu J, Gao Y, Guo T, Luo N, Li G, An T. Insights into the Photodegradation of the Contact Allergen Fragrance Cinnamyl Alcohol: Kinetics, Mechanism, and Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2705-2714. [PMID: 34255880 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fragrances can cause general health issues, and special concerns exist surrounding the issue of skin safety. Cinnamyl alcohol (CAL) is a frequent fragrance contact allergen that has various toxic effects on indiscriminate animals. In the present study, the photodegradation transformation mechanism of CAL and toxicity evolution during this process were examined. The results showed that CAL (50 μM) can be completely degraded after 90-min ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with a degradation rate of 0.086 min-1 . Increased toxicity on bioluminescent bacteria was observed during this process, with lethality increasing from 10.6% (0 min) to 50.2% (90 min) under UV light irradiation. Further, the photodegradation mechanisms of CAL were explored to find the reason behind the increased toxicity observed. Laser flash photolysis and quenching experiments showed that O2•- , 1 O2 , and • OH were mainly responsible for CAL photodegradation, together with 3 CAL* and eaq- . The 5 main photodegradation products were cinnamyl aldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzenepropanal, cinnamic acid, and toluene, as identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Once exposed to air, CAL was found to be easily oxidized to cinnamyl aldehyde and subsequently to cinnamic acid by O2•- - or 1 O2 -mediated pathways, leading to increased toxicity. Benzaldehyde exhibited bioreactive toxicity, increasing the toxicity through • OH-mediated pathways. Theoretical prediction of skin irritation indicated that cinnamyl aldehyde (0.83), benzenepropanal (0.69), cinnamyl aldehyde (0.69), and benzaldehyde (0.70) were higher than CAL (0.63), which may cause a profound impact on an individual's health and well-being. Overall, the present study advances the understanding of the photodegradation processes and health impacts of fragrance ingredients. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2705-2714. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Wu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Wang M, Gao Y, Li G, An T. Increased adverse effects during metabolic transformation of short-chain chlorinated paraffins by cytochrome P450: A theoretical insight into 1-chlorodecane. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124391. [PMID: 33160786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), frequently detected in human tissues or organs, can result in threat to human health by disturbing normal metabolism. However, their metabolism mechanisms and fates are largely unclear. Therefore, to better understand the impacts of SCCPs and their metabolites on the human health, the metabolic mechanism and kinetics of SCCPs by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) were explored using density functional theory employed 1-chlorodecane as a model SCCPs. The results show that 1-chlorodecane could be readily metabolized by CYPs, and the rate constant reaches up 42.3 s-1 in human body. Dechlorination of 1-chlorodecane is unlikely to occur and hydroxylation is dominated via H-abstraction pathways, especially from the intermediate C atom of 1-chlorodecane. The toxicity assessments suggest that the two metabolites, 10-chloro-decan-5-ol and 1-chlorodecanol could exhibit higher bioaccumulation, carcinogenicity and more serious damage on cardiovascular system after the metabolism of 1-chlorodecane. To our knowledge, this is the first study from the viewpoint of theoretical analysis to explore the metabolism of typical SCCPs in human body. It may provide deep insight into the metabolic transformation mechanism of SCCPs and cause the concerns about the adverse effects of their metabolites in human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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11
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Yuan S, Wang M, Lv B, Wang J. Transformation pathways of chlorinated paraffins relevant for remediation: a mini-review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9020-9028. [PMID: 33475920 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, the environmental presence and ecological risks of chlorinated paraffins (CPs), an emerging class of organic halogen compounds, have been receiving increasing attention worldwide. Short-chain CPs (SCCPs) and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) constitute the important CPs of considerable concern. In this review article, the state-of-the-art research status on the environmental transformation of CPs, including thermal decomposition, photolytic and photocatalytic degradation, biological metabolism, and atmospheric transformation, was summarized and integrated in detail. The degradation efficiency and transformation products of CPs in these environmental processes were evaluated, in which dechlorination was considered as the major reaction pathway. Notably, waste incineration of CPs has been demonstrated to generate a variety of persistent chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated naphthalenes, which have more significant environmental impacts. Additionally, photodegradation and photocatalysis are suggested as the feasible techniques for efficient removal of SCCPs from water matrices. Overall, the current transformation studies of CPs could facilitate the comprehensive understanding of their environmental behaviors and fate as well as the development of promising remediation strategies for pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Sponge City Construction of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Lv
- Engineering Research Center for Sponge City Construction of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Key laboratory of Anhui Province of Water Pollution Control and Wastewater Reuse, Anhui Jianzhu University, HeFei, China
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In-situ route for the graphitized carbon/TiO2 composite photocatalysts with enhanced removal efficiency to emerging phenolic pollutants. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Gao Y, Niu X, Qin Y, Guo T, Ji Y, Li G, An T. Unexpected culprit of increased estrogenic effects: Oligomers in the photodegradation of preservative ethylparaben in water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115745. [PMID: 32234607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Widespread occurrence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in water have been explicitly associated with adverse effects on human health, therefore representing a major risk to public health. Especially the increased toxicity is frequently observed during the photodegradation of EOCs in natural water, and even wastewater treatment plants. However, the culprit of increased toxicity and formation mechanism has yet to be recognized regarding the estrogenic activity. In this study, by combining laboratory experiments with quantum chemical calculations, the induction of human estrogenic activity was investigated using the yeast two-hybrid reporter assay during the photodegradation of preservatives ethylparaben (EP), along with identification of toxic products and formation mechanisms. Results showed that the increase in estrogenic effect was induced by photochemically generated oligomers, rather than the expected OH-adduct. The maximum estrogenic activity corresponded to the major formation of oligomers, while OH-adducts were less than 12%. Two photochemically generated oligomers were found to contribute to estrogenic activity, produced from the cleavage of excited triplet state molecules and subsequent radical-radical reactions. Computational toxicology results showed that the increased estrogenic activity was attributed to oligomer [4-Hydroxy-isophthalic acid 1-ethyl ester 3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)] and its EC50 was lower than that of the parent EP. In contrast, OH-adducts exhibited higher EC50 values than the parent EP, while still possessing estrogenic activity. Therefore, more attention should be paid to these photodegradation products of EOCs, including OH-adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaxin Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Upregulation of vitamin D-binding protein is associated with changes in insulin production in pancreatic beta-cells exposed to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18026. [PMID: 31792309 PMCID: PMC6889289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) gradually accumulate in the human organism due to their presence in the environment. Some studies have described a correlation between the level of POPs in the human body and the incidence of diabetes, but we know little about the direct effect of POPs on pancreatic beta-cells. We exposed pancreatic beta-cells INS1E to non-lethal concentrations of p,p′-DDT (1,1′-(2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)) and p,p′-DDE (1,1′-(2,2-dichloroethene-1,1-diyl)bis(4-chlorobenzene)) for 1 month, and assessed changes in protein expression and the intracellular insulin level. 2-D electrophoresis revealed 6 proteins with changed expression in cells exposed to p,p′-DDT or p,p′-DDE. One of the detected proteins – vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) – was upregulated in both cells exposed to p,p′-DDT, and cells exposed to p,p′-DDE. Both exposures to pollutants reduced the intracellular level of insulin mRNA, proinsulin, and insulin monomer; p,p′-DDT also slightly reduced the level of hexameric insulin. Overexpression of VDBP caused by the stable transfection of beta-cells with the gene for VDBP decreased both the proinsulin and hexameric insulin level in beta-cells similarly to the reduction detected in cells exposed to p,p′-DDT. Our data suggest that in the cells exposed to p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDE, the increased VDBP protein level decreased the proinsulin expression in an unknown mechanism.
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Zheng L, Lian L, Nie J, Song Y, Yan S, Yin D, Song W. Development of an ammonium chloride-enhanced thermal-assisted-ESI LC-HRMS method for the characterization of chlorinated paraffins. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113303. [PMID: 31585406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous quantification of short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in environmental matrices is challenging and has received much attention from environmental chemists. In this study, ammonium-chloride-enhanced liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was developed for the first time to quantify CPs in sediments and aqueous samples. Three ionization sources, including atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), electrospray ionization (ESI), and thermal-assisted-ESI, were employed to examine the performance of ammonium chloride as the chloride ion supply reagent in comparison with traditional chloride ion supply reagent, dichloromethane. Ammonium chloride can be easily used with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC), whereas dichloromethane is not compatible with aqueous LC mobile phase. Furthermore, other anion-supply reagents, such as ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, and ammonium bromide, were also tested. It was concluded that the adducts of the CPs with the anions were reversible and could partially dissociate into deprotonated CP ions. The yield of deprotonated CP ions was associated with the gas-phase basicity of the deprotonated CP ions and the corresponding anions. Furthermore, collision-induced dissociation curves were drawn to quantify the stability of anionic CP adducts. The ammonium-chloride-enhanced LC-HRMS was further employed for identifying CPs in sediment samples and coupled with an online SPE method for detecting CPs in aqueous samples. This study may significantly contribute to the qualification and quantification of CPs in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Lushi Lian
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Jianxin Nie
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Yue Song
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 1350 North Sichuan Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200080, PR China.
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