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Cha J, Kim JH, Jung JY, Nam SI, Hong S. Chronological distribution and potential sources of persistent toxic substances in soils from the glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124387. [PMID: 38897275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite its reputation as one of the cleanest regions globally, recent studies have identified the presence of various persistent toxic substances (PTSs) in the environmental matrices collected from Svalbard. This study investigated the chronological distribution and potential sources of 81 PTSs in soils from the glacier foreland of Midtre Lovénbreen. Soil samples (n = 45) were categorized by age based on exposure to the atmosphere due to glacier retreat in July 2014 into five age groups: 80-100 years (n = 7), 60-80 years (n = 12), 40-60 years (n = 16), 20-40 years (n = 7), and <20 years (n = 3). Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, n = 32) in soils varied with age, ranging from 0.29 to 0.74 ng g-1 dw. In addition, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, n = 28), perylene, and alkyl-PAHs (n = 20) in soils ranged from 21 to 80 ng g-1 dw, 2.9-62 ng g-1 dw, and 73-420 ng g-1 dw, respectively. The concentrations of PTSs were observed to be greater in older soils. Principal component analysis revealed that PCBs in soils originated from various product sources. Positive matrix factorization modeling estimated the association of PAHs in soils with potential origins, such as diesel emissions, petroleum and coal combustion, and coal. Potential sources of PAHs were mainly coal in younger soils and diesel emissions and petroleum combustion in older soils. Alkyl-PAH compositions in the soil were similar to those of bituminous coal, with a noteworthy degree of weathering observed in older soils. The accumulation rate and flux of PTSs in soils exhibited compound-specific patterns, reflecting factors such as long-range transport, fate, origin, and recent inputs. These findings can serve as baseline data for protecting and preserving polar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Cha
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Space Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Glacier and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Il Nam
- Division of Glacier and Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Space Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Tang F, Li J, Ma X, Li Y, Yang H, Huang C, Huang T. Temporal patterns and driving factors of sediment carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry in a eutrophication plateau lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170016. [PMID: 38242483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Stoichiometry determines the key characteristics of organisms and ecosystems on a global scale and provides strong instructions on the fate of sediment carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C-N-P) during the sedimentation process, contributing to the Earth's C-N-P balance. However, the mechanisms underlying C-N-P stoichiometry in response to intensive human activity and organic matter sources remain underexplored, especially in freshwater ecosystems. This study identifies the temporal patterns of C-N-P stoichiometry, reveals the inner driving factors, and clarifies its impact path, especially in eutrophication (the late 1970s). The results revealed that sediment RCP and RNP increased significantly and were controlled by TCAR and TNAR, respectively, indicating the direct impact of burial rate on C-N-P stoichiometry. Based on redundancy analysis and the STM model, autochthonous origin, GDP, and population had positive effects on sediment TCAR, TNAR, and TPAR, which, in turn, affected RCN, RCP, and RNP. Organic matter sources and human activities have a significant influence on RCN, RCP, and RNP, possibly regulated by the variation of TCAR and TNAR. Autochthonous origin had an indirect positive impact on RCN and RCP through the mediating effect of TCAR. Similarly, through the mediating effect of TNAR, it had an indirect negative impact on RCN and an indirect positive impact on RNP. This study showed that TCAR, TNAR, TPAR, GDP, autochthonous, allochthonous and population better explained the changes in RCN, RCP, and RNP over a-hundred-year deposition, highlighting an in-depth understanding of the dynamic change mechanism of sediment C-N-P stoichiometry during the lake deposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yunmei Li
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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3
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He Y, Wang X, Zhang Z. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from Lake Taihu and their associations with sedimentary organic matter. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 129:79-89. [PMID: 36804244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sediment core is the recorder of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutions and the associated sedimentary organic matter (SOM), acting as crucial supports for pollution control and environmental management. Here, the sedimentary records of PAHs and SOM in the past century in Lake Taihu, China, were reconstructed from a 50-cm sediment core. On the one hand, the presence of PAHs ranged from 8.99 to 199.2 ng/g. Vertically, PAHs declined with the depth increased, and the sedimentation history of PAHs was divided into two stages with a discontinuity at 20 cm depth. In composition, PAHs in the sediment core were dominated by three-ring PAHs (44.6% ± 9.1%, mean ± standard deviation), and were followed by four-ring (27.0% ± 3.3%), and five-ring (12.1% ± 4.0%) PAHs. In toxicity assessment, the sedimentary records of benzo[a]pyrene-based toxic equivalency were well described by an exponential model with R-square of 0.95, and the environmental background toxic value was identified as 1.62 ng/g. On the other hand, different components of SOM were successfully identified by n-alkane markers (p < 0.01) and the variations of SOM were well explained (84.6%). A discontinuity of SOM was recognized at 22 cm depth. Association study showed that the sedimentary PAHs were associated with both anthropogenic and biogenic SOM (p < 0.05) with explained variances for most individual PAHs of 60%. It indicated the vertical distributions of PAHs were driven by sedimentary SOM. Therefore, environmental processes such as biogenic factors should attract more attentions as well as PAH emissions to reduce the impacts of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Zhang Z, Xia Y, Meng L, Xiao L, Zhang Y, Ye J, Wang F, Deng H. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Topsoils Along the Taipu River Banks in the Yangtze River Delta, China: Occurrence, Source and Risk Assessment. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:9. [PMID: 37358629 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Taipu River is an important transboundary river and drinking water source in the Yangtze River Delta, China. This study collected 15 topsoil samples along the Taipu River banks and subsequently determined the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations, sources, and ecological and health risks. The sum of toxic 15 PAHs concentrations ranged from 83.13 to 28342.53 ng/g, with a mean of 2828.69 ng/g. High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs were the dominant components and Indene (1,2,3, -cd) benzopyrene (InP) accounted for the highest proportion in individuals. The average PAH concentration in residential land was the highest, followed by those in industrial and agricultural land. The PAH concentration was positively related to contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and aminopeptidase activity in soils. The mixed combustion of biomass, coal, and petroleum and traffic emissions could be the primary PAH contributors. The total PAHs at over half of sampling points had relatively high risk quotients and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values, posing potential or great ecological threats and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhang
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, 201722, China
| | - Yangrongchang Xia
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, 201722, China
| | - Liang Meng
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, 201722, China.
| | - Lishan Xiao
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, 201722, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Lang X, Yu K, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Tian J, Zhang M, Wang Y. Vertical distribution, environmental occurrence, and risk assessment of organic pollutants in lacustrine sediments in southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51206-51216. [PMID: 36809627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the impact of human activities on the natural environment, as well as the current ecological risks to the environment surrounding Zhushan Bay in Taihu Lake, the characteristics of deposited organic materials, including elements and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑16PAHs), in a sediment core from Taihu Lake were determined. The nitrogen (N), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and sulfur (S) contents ranged from 0.08 to 0.3%, 0.83 to 3.6%, 0.63 to 1.12%, and 0.02 to 0.24%, respectively. The most abundant element in the core was C followed by H, S, and N, while elemental C and the C/H ratio displayed a decreasing trend with depth. The ∑16PAH concentration was in the range of 1807.48-4674.83 ng g-1, showing a downward trend with depth, with some fluctuations. Three-ring PAHs dominated in surface sediment, while 5-ring PAHs dominated at a depth of 55-93 cm. Six-ring PAHs appeared in the 1830s and gradually increased over time before slowly decreasing from 2005 onward due to the establishment of environmental protection measures. The ratio of PAH monomers indicated that PAHs in samples from a depth of 0 to 55 cm were mainly derived from the combustion of liquid fossil fuels, while the PAHs in the deeper samples mainly originated from petroleum. The results of a principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the PAHs in the sediment core of Taihu Lake were mainly derived from the combustion of fossil fuels, such as diesel, petroleum, gasoline, and coal. The contributions of biomass combustion, liquid fossil fuel combustion, coal combustion, and unknown source were 8.99%, 52.68%, 1.65%, and 36.68%, respectively. The results of a toxicity analysis indicated that most of the PAH monomers had little impact on the ecology, and the annual increase of a small number of monomers might have toxic effects on the biological community, resulting in a serious ecological risks, that requires the imposition of control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulu Lang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Qixia, China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kangkang Yu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Qixia, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Qixia, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Qixia, China
| | - Jiming Tian
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Qixia, China
| | - Mingli Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Qixia, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, Qixia, China.
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Tian B, Gao S, Zhu Z, Zeng X, Liang Y, Yu Z, Peng P. Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry for determining high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1693:463879. [PMID: 36822039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of trace-level pollutants in complex environmental samples has always been limited by two main challenges: poor chromatographic separation and insufficient amounts of analytes. In this study, a two-dimensional gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (2DGC-IRMS) system was constructed for compound-specific δ13C analysis of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) in estuarine/marine sediments. This construction occurred through hyphenating an extra gas chromatography system (GC) to a conventional GC-IRMS using a commercially available multi-column switching-cryogenic trapping system (MCS-CTS). Compared with the previous 2DGC-IRMS strategy, which utilizes a Deans Switch device, the newly implemented 2DGC-IRMS scheme resulted in online purification of target analytes as well as enriched them online via duplicate injection and cryogenic trapping in CTS; this resultingly lowered the limits of detection (LOD) of CSIA. To improve the sample transfer efficiency to the IRMS, a broader-bore and longer fused-silica capillary was utilized to replace the original sample capillary running from the sample open split to the IRMS. A ẟ13C analysis of PAH standards showed accurate ẟ13C values, and high precisions (standard deviations 0.13-0.37%) were achieved, with the LOD of HMW-PAHs reduced to at least 1.0 mg/L (i.e., 0.07 to 0.09 nmol carbon per compound on-column). The successful application of this newly developed 2DGC-IRMS scheme provides a practical solution for the reliable CSIA of trace-level pollutants in complex environmental samples that cannot be measured using the conventional GC-IRMS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shutao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Zhanjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Kong J, Han M, Cao X, Cheng X, Yang S, Li S, Sun C, He H. Sedimentary spatial variation, source identification and ecological risk assessment of parent, nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a large shallow lake in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160926. [PMID: 36543273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Because polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are persistent, universal, and toxic pollutants, understanding the potential source and ecological risk thereof in lakes is critical to the safety of the aquatic environment. Here, a total of 25 sedimentary samples were collected from Lake Taihu, China, in 2018. The total concentrations of 16 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 15 nitrated PAHs (NPAHs), nine oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and five hydroxy-PAHs (OH-PAHs) ranged from 294 to 1243, 3.0 to 54.5, 188 to 1897, and 8.3 to 51.7 ng/g dw, with the most abundant compounds being fluoranthene, 1,8-dinitropyrene, 6H-Benzo[cd]pyren-6-one, and 2-phenylphenol, respectively. The spatial distribution of PACs in sediments of Lake Taihu showed elevated concentrations from east to west due to economic development and transportation. The positive correlations between most paired PAHs indicate that these compounds likely originated from similar sources. The total organic carbon and organic matter contents affected the distribution characteristics of PACs in sediments. Diagnostic ratios, principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were integrated to identify the sources. PACs had various sources including combustion, petroleum leakage, traffic emissions, hydroxyl metabolism, and other oxidation pathways in sediments of Lake Taihu. The PMF (R2 > 0.9824), which showed better optimal performance compared with PCA-MLR (R2 > 0.9564) for PAHs and derivatives, is recommended as the preferred model for quantitative source analysis. Ecological risk assessment showed that the risk quotient values of OPAHs in sediments were much higher than those of other PACs and should be given special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijie Kong
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengshu Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinying Cheng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, PR China.
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8
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Chen Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zhu W, Wu H, Zhang M, Zhang M. Effects of organic carbon burial on biomarker component changes in contamination in northeast Dianchi watershed. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130474. [PMID: 36446312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The upper reaches of the Yangtze River have experienced increasing anthropogenic stress. Quantitative tracing of carbon (C) sources and ecological risks through biomarkers i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes is significant for C neutrality and sequestration. Here, source and sink patterns, and factors influencing C burial and biomarker components in a small catchment of Dianchi Lake were explored. The sediment core covered the period 1855-2019. Before 1945, the organic C accumulation rate (OCAR) ranged from 0.71 to 5.12 mg cm-2 yr-1, and the PAHs and n-alkanes fluxes were 106.99-616.09 ng cm-2 yr-1 and 5.56-31.37 μg cm-2 yr-1. During 1945-2005, the OCAR, PAH, and n-alkane burial rapidly increased from 3.19 to 16.17 mg cm-2 yr-1, 230.40 to 2538.81 ng cm-2 yr-1, and 11.63 to 61.90 μg cm-2 yr-1. During 1855-2019, deposition fluxes of PAHs and n-alkanes increased 13.01 and 9.14 times, resulting in increased C burial, driven by environmental changes. A PMF model and the diagnostic ratio indicated that PAHs from coal combustion and traffic emission increased from 22.32% to 65.20% during 1855-2019. The PAH concentrations reflected normal-moderate contamination and potential risks to the aquatic environment. The results facilitate a comprehensive understanding of anthropogenic-driven interactions between increasing OC burial and ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wangyue Zhu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Maoheng Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingli Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
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Xiao T, Ran F, Li Z, Wang S, Nie X, Liu Y, Yang C, Tan M, Feng S. Sediment organic carbon dynamics response to land use change in diverse watershed anthropogenic activities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107788. [PMID: 36738584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sediment organic carbon (SOC) is a precious archive that synthesizes anthropogenic processes that remove geochemical fluxes from watersheds. However, the scarcity of inspection about the dynamic mechanisms of anthropogenic activities on SOC limits understanding into how key human factors drive carbon dynamics. Here, four typical basins with similar natural but significantly diverse human contexts (high-moderate-low disturbance: XJ-ZS and YJ-LS) were selected to reconstruct sedimentation rates (SR) and SOC dynamics nearly a century based on 200-cm corers. A partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used to establish successive (70 years) and multiple anthropogenic data (population, agriculture, land use, etc.) quantification methods for SOC. Intensified anthropogenic disturbances shifted all SR from pre-stable to post-1960s fluctuating increases (total coefficient: high: 0.63 < low: 0.47 < medium: 0.45). Although land use change was co-critical driver of SOC variations, their trend and extent differed under the dams and other disturbances (SOC mutated in high-moderate but stable in low). For high basin, land use changes increased (0.12) but dams reduced (-0.10) the downstream SOC. Furthermore, SOC mutation corresponded to soil erosion due to urbanization in both periods A and B. For moderate, SOC was reversed with the increase in afforestation and cropland (-0.19) due to the forest excitation effect and deep ploughing, which corresponded to the drought in phase B and the anthropogenic ecological project in A. For low, the increase in SOC corresponded to the Great Leap Forward deforestation in period B and the reed sweep in A, which suggested the minor land change substantially affected (0.16) SOC in fragile environments. Overall, SOC dynamics revealed that anthropogenic activities affected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for near the centenary, especially land use. This is constructive for agroforestry management and reservoir construction, consistent with expectations like upstream carbon sequestration and downstream carbon stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Fengwei Ran
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Shilan Wang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Nie
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Yaojun Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Changrong Yang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Subtropical Ecology and Environmental Change, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Min Tan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Sirui Feng
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
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10
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Xie F, Cai G, Zhang D, Li G, Li H, Xu B, Zhang J, Wang J. Distribution, Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediments at the Basin Scale: A Case Study in Taihu Basin, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 110:27. [PMID: 36574080 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a systematic research at basin scale, this study investigated the spatial distribution, source apportionment and ecological risks of eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments at different functional regions (rivers, lakes and reservoirs) from Taihu basin. Results showed that the mean values of 18 PAHs (defined as ∑18PAHs) in river sediments (1277 ng/g) was much higher than those observed in lake sediments (243 ng/g) and reservoir sediments (134 ng/g). The accumulation of PAHs in river sediments was largely impacted by the local social-economic development and energy consumption. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) and isomer ratios analysis of PAHs suggest that relative contributions to PAHs in sediments were 15% for gasoline and heavy oil combustion, 9% for oil spills, 30% for coal combustion, 23% for traffic source, and 23% for diagenetic source. Ecological risk assessment based upon risk quotient (RQ) method indicated that sediments at Taihu basin have suffered moderate risk of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Xie
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gege Cai
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Daode Zhang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guolian Li
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Baile Xu
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jizhong Wang
- School of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
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11
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Guo F, Gao M, Dong J, Sun J, Hou G, Liu S, Du X, Yang S, Liu J, Huang Y. The first high resolution PAH record of industrialization over the past 200 years in Liaodong Bay, northeastern China. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119103. [PMID: 36116194 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are excellent tracers for fossil fuel combustion, natural fires and petroleum contamination, and have been widely used for reconstructing past wildfires and industrial activities at a variety of time scales. Here, for the first time, we obtain a high resolution (annual to decadal scale) record of PAHs from two parallel marine sediment cores from the Liaodong Bay, Northeastern China to reconstruct the industrial activities, spanning the past ∼ 200 years from 1815 to 2014. Our data indicate that PAH variations can be divided into four episodes: I) low (probably near background) PAHs from natural fires and domestic wood combustion during the pre-industrial period from 1815 to 1890; II) slightly increased (but with large fluctuations) PAH concentrations derived from intermittent warfare during the World War (1891-1945) and increased industrial activities after 1946 (1946-1965); III) a period of stagnation and, in some cases, reduction in PAHs during the "Cultural Revolution" (1966 to 1979); and IV) a rapid and persistent rise in PAHs post 1979 linked to fast economic development, with PAH concentrations doubled from 1979 to 2014. Changes in PAH distributions demonstrate major shifts in the dominant types of fuels over time from vegetation/wood, to coal and wood, followed by coal and petroleum (including vehicle emissions) over the past 200 years. We find that PAH records also show similar trend to domestic economy and the estimated regional Anthropocene CO2 emissions from industrial activities, suggesting sedimentary PAH fluxes could be used as an indirect and qualitative proxy to track the trend for regional anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian 710061, China.
| | - Maosheng Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junfu Dong
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, United States
| | - Shu Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, United States.
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12
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Meng L, Yue S, Yu H, Huang T, Huang C, Yang H. Coal combustion facilitating faster burial of char than soot in a plateau lake of southwest China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129209. [PMID: 35739731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) is a retarder in carbon cycle, and the proportion of char and soot in BC restricts the significance of BC as a sink in carbon cycle. Tracing the sources of char and soot is helpful for in-depth understanding the anthropogenic-driven burial and pattern of BC, and is crucial for regulating emissions of BC and impact of BC on carbon cycle/climate change. This study investigated source-driven BC via the concentration and δ13C of BC (char and soot) in a Plateau lake sediment. The burial rate of BC (mean: 6.42 ± 5.09 g m-2 yr-1) showed an increasing trend (3.7 times after 1977 compared with before), and the growth rate of char (4.1 times) was faster than soot (2.5 times). The source trace results, showing faster growth of coal combustion ratio in char (increased 21% after 1980 compared with before) than soot (13%), proved that coal combustion promoted faster growth of char in BC. Redundancy analysis confirmed that more low-temperature utilization of coal urged a stronger driving force for char than soot, which caused BC to have lower aromatic content and higher reactivity in organic carbon pool from the past to present, further impact the effects of BC on carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Meng
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shulin Yue
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heyu Yu
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changchun Huang
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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13
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Jesus F, Pereira JL, Campos I, Santos M, Ré A, Keizer J, Nogueira A, Gonçalves FJM, Abrantes N, Serpa D. A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distribution in freshwater ecosystems and their toxicity to benthic fauna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153282. [PMID: 35066033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds, found ubiquitously in all environmental compartments. PAHs are considered hazardous pollutants, being of concern to both the environmental and human health. In the aquatic environment, PAHs tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity, and thus sediments can be considered their ultimate sink. Concurrently, sediments comprise important habitats for benthic species. This raises concern over the toxic effects of PAHs to benthic communities. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, their toxicity to freshwater benthic species has not been comprehensively discussed. This review aimed to provide an overview on PAHs distribution in freshwater environments and on their toxicity to benthic fauna species. The distribution of PAHs between sediments and the overlying water column, given by the sediment-water partition coefficient, revealed that PAHs concentrations were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in sediments than in water. The sediment-water partition coefficient was positively correlated to PAHs hydrophobicity. Toxicity of PAHs to benthic fauna was addressed through Species Sensitivity Distributions. The derived hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) decreased as follows: NAP (376 μg L-1) > PHE > PYR > FLT > ANT (0.854 μg L-1), varying by 3 orders of magnitude. The hazardous concentrations (HC5) to benthic species were inversely correlated to the hydrophobicity of the individual PAHs. These findings are pertinent for environmental risk assessment of these compounds. This review also identified future challenges regarding the environmental toxicity of PAHs to freshwater benthic communities, namely the need for updating the PAHs priority list and the importance of comprehensively and more realistically assess the toxicity of PAHs in combination with other stressors, both chemical and climate-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana L Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martha Santos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Ré
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jacob Keizer
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Nogueira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dalila Serpa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Ma X, Yang H, Huang C, Huang T, Li S. One-century sedimentary record, sources, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dianchi Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33427-33442. [PMID: 35029834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the sedimentary records, sources, and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Dianchi Lake were analyzed. The concentrations of ΣPAH16 in the sediments of Dianchi Lake ranged from 368 to 990 ng/g, with an average value of 572 ng/g, peaking in 1988. Economic development, rapid population growth, and rapid growth of coal consumption have a greater impact on the HMW (high molecular weight) PAHs than on the LMW (low molecular weight) PAHs in the sedimentary environment. The results of the diagnostic ratios and PCA (principal component analysis) model show that the main sources of PAHs were coal and biomass combustion, as well as the fossil fuel combustion in individual years. The risk assessment results showed that the PAH concentrations in the sediment were within a safe range. In the past 100 years of sediment pore water, other 2-3 ring LMW PAHs were within a safe range (except for Phe, which reached chronic toxic pollution levels in some years). With an increase in industrialization and urbanization, the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum has increased, and some of the 4-6 ring HMW PAHs have reached chronic toxicity or even acute toxicity in the sediment pore water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaidong Li
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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15
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Li Y, Dong Z, Feng D, Zhang X, Jia Z, Fan Q, Liu K. Study on the risk of soil heavy metal pollution in typical developed cities in eastern China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3855. [PMID: 35264659 PMCID: PMC8907225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enrichment of heavy metals in urban soils has become a major regional environmental risk. At present, research on the soil heavy metals in cities lacks risk spatial correlation analyses between different heavy metals, and there is a relative lack of assessments of the ecological and health risks. We selected Wuxi, a typical developed city of eastern China, collected and tested the contents of heavy metals in the urban soils of Wuxi in May 2020. Combined with Pb isotope analysis, ecological and health risk assessment, we found that the high heavy metal concentrations in Wuxi are mainly located in the central and western regions, and that the changes in spatial fluctuation are relatively small. The Pb isotopes in the urban soils of Wuxi are distributed in areas, such as those are related to coal combustion, automobile exhaust and urban garbage, indicating that the heavy metals in the urban soils of Wuxi are affected by human activities such as coal combustion and automobile exhaust. The average value of the potential ecological risk index of soil heavy metal Cd is 80.3 (the threshold: 40), which represents a high-risk state. Whether adults or children, the risk of soil heavy metals via ingestion is much higher than that through skin exposure. High health risk values are present in the central area of Wuxi and decrease in a ring-shaped pattern, which is similar to the population distribution of Wuxi and greatly increases the potential risk from soil heavy metals, which should be given close attention. We should develop and use clean energy to replace petroleum fossil fuels, especially in densely populated areas. This study provides technical support for the prevention and control of urban heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dike Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomian Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyi Jia
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingbin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhao Z, Lang X. Occurrence characteristics and source appointment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes over the past 100 years in southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151905. [PMID: 34838905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extensive anthropogenic activities and their potential impacts during the Anthropocene have led to a research focus on the sedimentary record. In the present study, the occurrence and temporal variations in the fluxes and compositions of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were investigated in 210Pb-dated sediment cores from a small catchment near the outflow Tanglangchuan in the western Dianchi Lake, China. The continuing organic contamination (i.e. PAHs and n-alkanes) from inputs to outputs has been of concern. To trace the sources and driving forces, multi indicators were applied. Results showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and C/N ratios varied in the range of 4.20-12.30 mg g-1 dw and 8.64-15.65, respectively, indicating algae- and terrestrial plant-derived organic matter (OM). The flux of Σn-alkanes ranged from 0.67 to 38.86 μg cm-2 a-1 with a peak in 2013. The long-chain n-alkanes (Σn-alk26-35) and short-chain n-alkanes (Σn-alk12-20) accounted for 44.02%-49.38% and 35.32%-41.49% of the Σn-alkanes, respectively. A bimodal distribution of n-alkanes was displayed in the sediments implying the sedimentary OM may be derived from a mixed source of endogenous and exogenous origin. The posterior peak (≥n-C26) compounds in the highest abundance were n-C31 or n-C33 with a significant odd-numbered C predominance, representing terrestrial plant-derived OM. Whereas n-C16 was rich in all sediment profiles reflecting crude oil or incompletely combusted fossil fuel-derived source. The indicators analysis showed an increasing trend of the contribution from terrestrial plants and wet to drought climate during 1873-2019. The sedimentary flux of ΣPAHs ranged between 11.71 and 1231.54 ng cm-2 a-1 and the percent of high-ring PAHs rose annually indicating enhanced anthropogenic activities. In the past 147 years, the results of present study highlight the influence of the agricultural and industrial economy on the catchment outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kangkang Yu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiulu Lang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
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17
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Cheng C, Hu T, Liu W, Mao Y, Shi M, Xu A, Su Y, Li X, Xing X, Qi S. Modern lake sedimentary record of PAHs and OCPs in a typical karst wetland, south China: Response to human activities and environmental changes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118173. [PMID: 34537600 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sedimentary history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) over the past 140 years in a lake sediment core from Huixian karst wetland was reconstructed. The total PAHs and OCPs concentrations ranged from 40.0 to 210 ng g-1 and 0.98 to 31.4 ng g-1, respectively. The vertical distribution of PAHs and OCPs in different stages was great consistent with the history of regional socio-economic development and the usage of OCPs. As the indicators of socio-economic development, gross domestic product (GDP), population, energy consumption, highway mileage, and private vehicles correlated with the PAHs concentrations, indicating the impact of human activities on PAHs levels. The PAHs and OCPs concentrations were also affected by environmental changes in the wetland, as reconstructed by total organic carbon (TOC), sand, silt, clay, quartz, and calcite in sediments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed TOC was the dominant factor to explain the concentrations of PAHs and OCPs with the explanation of 86.7% and 43.5%, respectively. In addition, TOC content had significantly positive correlation with PAHs (0.96, p < 0.01) and OCPs (0.78, p < 0.01). In particular, the significantly positive correlation (p < 0.05) between calcite and PAHs and OCPs inferred that karstification might play an important role in the migration of PAHs and OCPs in the karst area. Therefore, the lake in Huixian wetland tended to be a sink more than a source of PAHs and OCPs influenced by the increasing TOC content and karstification under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yao Mao
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - An Xu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yewang Su
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Ecosystem and Treatment of Rocky Desertification, Ministry of Natural Resources, IRCK by UNESCO, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
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Li Y, Lu G, Wang WX, Li H, You J. Temporal and spatial characteristics of PAHs in oysters from the Pearl River Estuary, China during 2015-2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148495. [PMID: 34166900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estuary connects the inland freshwater and open seawater, which may become a sink for pollutants from land-derived outflows, especially for persistent organic pollutants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs). Due to complex fluctuation in estuary, it's difficult to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the pollution characteristics by grabbed environmental samples. Oysters serve as efficient biomonitors of pollution status in highly dynamic and anthropogenically impacted estuaries, like the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), South China. Here, we investigated the annual, seasonal, and spatial variations of PAHs in the soft tissues of oysters from the PRE over the last six years (2015-2020) and quantitatively analyzed the influence of environmental factors on PAH occurrence in the oysters. The concentrations of Σ15PAH in oysters ranged from 74 to 1164 (337 ± 218) ng/g dry wt., with a peak occurrence in 2017. Highly seasonal and geographical variations in PAH pollution were documented in the PRE, with higher concentrations in oysters during the wet season than dry season, and in the eastern coast than western coast. Furthermore, geographical variation in PAH levels in the oysters was enhanced during the wet season, indicating a possible contribution of heavy rainfall flushing from the Pearl River. In addition to precipitation, water temperature and salinity also significantly influenced PAH levels in the oysters from the PRE by changing the bioavailability and biokinetics. Long-term biomonitoring using oysters in the current study reflected the pollution status and variation trends of PAHs in the highly dynamic PRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Wang W, Qu X, Lin D, Yang K. Octanol-water partition coefficient (logK ow) dependent movement and time lagging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to lake sediments: A case study of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117709. [PMID: 34243082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the movement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to sediments is important for achieving long-term pollution control of PAHs in sediments. In this study, by exploring the correlation of individual PAHs concentrations (CPAHs) in Taihu Lake sediments reported in the past twenty years with their annual emissions (EPAHs) in the lake region, it was observed that mean concentrations of PAHs with low logKow (i.e., logKow≤4.00) in Taihu Lake sediments were correlated best with their emissions without lagging between the sediment sampling time and the PAHs emitting time. However, for PAHs with middle logKow (i.e., 4.00<logKow≤4.57) or high logKow (i.e., logKow>4.57), their mean concentrations in sediments were correlated best with the emissions of PAHs emitted 1 or 2 years before the sediment sampling time. The longer lagging time of PAHs with middle or high logKow from emission sources to lake sediments could be attributed to their retardation in soils and river sediments around the lake. Moreover, the retardation in soils and river sediments is dependent on PAHs logKow and degradation half-life, indicating the dependence of PAHs concentration in sediments on their environmental behaviors, including sorption and degradation. Kow dependent movement and the time lagging observed in Taihu Lake for PAHs from emission sources to sediments could be valuable for developing measures to control PAHs, especially for congeners with high logKow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaolei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Health of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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20
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Ma X, Wan H, Zhao Z, Li Y, Li S, Huang C, Huang T, Zhang Z, Yang H. Source analysis and influencing factors of historical changes in PAHs in the sediment core of Fuxian Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117935. [PMID: 34426230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influencing factors and sources of historical changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment core of Fuxian Lake were analyzed. Before 1970, the Σ16PAH concentration fluctuated widely, with one or more maximum values. During 1971-2004, the Σ16PAH concentration showed a slow growth trend, while during 2005-2017, the concentration increased sharply, reaching a peak value of 821 ng g-1. dw in 2017. The results of a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model demonstrated that before 1970, PAHs were mainly derived from biomass burning in the Fuxian Lake sediment core, with an overall contribution of 40 %. During 1971-2004, the source of PAHs was mainly coal combustion, with an overall contribution of 34 %. During 2005-2017, PAHs primarily originated from traffic, with an overall contribution of 33 %. Population, coal, GDP, motor, and petroleum had a significant influence on low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs in 1980-2004 and 2005-2017. Motor, coal, population, and GDP had a greater impact on high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. Before 1970 and in 1971-2004, meteorological factors had little effect on PAHs in the sediment core in Fuxian Lake. During 2005-2017, day and rainfall were significantly negatively correlated with HMW PAHs, while temperature and wind were not correlated with PAH concentrations. During 2005-2017, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) had greater adsorption effects on HMW PAHs than on LMW PAHs. Before 1970 and in 1971-2004, the adsorption effects of TOC and TN on 3-4-ring PAHs were greater than those of 2-ring and 5-6-ring PAHs. Total phosphorus (TP) had no adsorption effect on PAHs in the entire sedimentary column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wan
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shuaidong Li
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, PR China
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21
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Hu T, Mao Y, Liu W, Shi M, Cheng C, Xu A, Su Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Qi S, Xing X. Deposition records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon in peat core from Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, Central China: human activity imprint since the industrial revolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56234-56246. [PMID: 34046838 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a kind of organic pollutants with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. This study aims to assess the effects of changes in China's socio-economic indicators represented by energy consumption and number of motor vehicles, on PAHs and black carbon (BC) deposition. For this, a 50-cm peat core from Dajiuhu peatland, Central China, was collected and divided into 50 subsamples to establish a sedimentary record of about 200 years with radioactive 210Pb. The Σ16PAH concentration ranged from 212.67 to 830.10 ng·g-1, mainly composed of 2- and 3-ring PAHs, and BC ranged from 7.89 to 36.48%. The deposition characteristics of BC first increased and then decreased from the core bottom to the top. The predominant of the carcinogenic PAHs (C-PAHs) was Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA) before 1949, and then changed to Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF). Ratio of Fla/Pyr, (3+4)-ring/(5+6)-ring PAHs, and BaA/(BaA+Chr), IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP) suggested that long-range atmospheric transmission (LRAT) and pyrogenic were the main PAHs sources, but that local PAH emission contribution gradually increased since 1990, and mixed (petroleum and combustion) sources were the dominant since 2000. The high concentration of Phenanthrene (Phe) and Naphthalene (Nap) were likely from plant product. Furthermore, increased concentrations of 4-, 5-, and 6-ring PAHs showed significant correlations with increased coal and petroleum consumption and the number of motor vehicles, respectively, and this influence has strengthened after 2000. These were caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization following the implementation of the reform and opening up policy in 1978, and a new round of urbanization after 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Weijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - An Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yewang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yunchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Shennongjia National Park Administration, Shennongjia, 442400, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Xinli Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
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22
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Jia T, Guo W, Xing Y, Lei R, Wu X, Sun S, He Y, Liu W. Spatial distributions and sources of PAHs in soil in chemical industry parks in the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117121. [PMID: 33865098 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) is one of the fastest developing areas in eastern China and contains many chemical industry parks. The profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil in chemical industry parks and surrounding areas in the YRD were investigated by analyzing soil samples (n = 64) were collected in the YRD and Rudong chemical park (RD), a typical chemical park in the Yangtze River Delta. The total concentrations of 19 PAHs in the YRD soil samples were 16.3-4694 ng g-1 (mean 688 ng g-1), and the total concentrations of PAHs in RD were 21.6-246 ng g-1 (mean 75.4 ng g-1). The PAHs in soil in YRD were dominated by four-ring and five-ring PAHs, and the PAHs in RD were dominated by two-ring and three-ring PAHs. It suggested that PAHs may have been supplied to soil in YRD predominantly through coal combustion and vehicle emissions, PAHs in the soil of RD may be due to the volatilization and leakage of chemical raw material. According to the different distribution characteristics of PAHs, the ratio (1.5) of (2 + 3) rings/4 rings was proposed to identify the chemical source of PAHs. The PAH isomer ratios and principal component analysis/multiple linear regression (PCA/MLRA) results indicated that PAHs concentrations in soil in the YRD and RD are mainly supplied by industrial and traffic emissions. Incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) indicated that PAHs in soil pose negligible cancer risks to children and adults, but much stronger risks to children than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Jia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Ying Xing
- Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Rongrong Lei
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Shurui Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yunchen He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Wu Z, Tao Y. Occurrence and Fluxes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Third Largest Fresh Water Lake (Lake Taihu) in China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 106:190-197. [PMID: 32303814 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose great risks to lake ecosystem and human health. Comprehensive knowledge on PAHs in lakes is critical for their risk control. 118 samples were collected from different environmental medium to study the occurrence and fluxes of 16 PAH in Lake Taihu. The average ∑PAH16 in air, water, phytoplankton, zooplankton, suspended particle matter, and surface sediments were 122 ng m-3, 61.3 ng L-1, 6500 ng g-1, 4940 ng g-1, 27,900 ng g-1, and 522 ng g-1, respectively. Sediments were contaminated by PAHs from pyrogenic sources. The average fluxes of air-water, dry deposition, and sinking of the 16 individual PAHs were 2900, 300, and 251 ng m-2 d-1. In the air-water column-surface sediments system, air-water exchange was the main transport pathway. In order to ensure safety of drinking water resources for local residence, the governments are suggested to work together to reduce PAHs emission and implement new energy policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuqiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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24
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Li Y, Zhou S, Liu K, Wang G, Wang J. Application of APCA-MLR receptor model for source apportionment of char and soot in sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141165. [PMID: 32771758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (char and soot) has attracted increasing attention due to its important role in the global carbon cycle, adsorption of pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals), climate effects and threats to human health. However, few studies have included source analysis of black carbon (char and soot). In this study, the levels of char, soot and PAHs in sediments of West Taihu Lake were assessed, and an absolute principal component analysis followed by multiple linear regression (APCA-MLR) receptor model was used to successfully analyze the material sources of char and soot, providing a new perspective and method for exploring the sources of char and soot. The contributions of coal combustion sources to char and soot are 62.0% and 43.2%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of biomass combustion sources (13.7% and 19.8%). The contributions of oil combustion sources to char and soot are 24.3% and 37.0%, respectively. The contributions of coal, oil and biomass combustion to char and soot have similar spatial distributions: the coal combustion sources and biomass combustion sources are mainly affected by urban development, which is largely distributed in the northwest of the study area, whereas the oil combustion sources are mainly affected by automobile traffic and lake ports, which are mainly distributed in the west of the study area, and these effects decrease with an increase in offshore distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genmei Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxiao Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Liu W, Wang D, Wang Y, Zeng X, Ni L, Tao Y, Wu J, Liu J, Zou Y, He R, Zhang J. Improved comprehensive ecological risk assessment method and sensitivity analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109500. [PMID: 32460089 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on the existing comprehensive ecological risk assessment methods of PAHs, this paper proposed an improved hierarchical Archimedean copula integral assessment (HACIA) model with the optimization in the model selection mechanism and accelerating the calculation speed, and according to which performed the sensitivity analysis of the integrated risk relative to the underlying grouped risk probability. Taihu Lake in China and the Bay of Santander in Spain were taken as study areas, whose samples were obtained and extracted concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After briefly analyzing their concentration characteristics and source, their comprehensive ecological risks were evaluated by the improve HACIA model and their sensitivity was also analyzed. The results proved that, for Taihu Lake, pyrogenic sources occupied the dominance, especially grass, coal and wood combustion, while the risk proportion of 5-rings PAHs was the lowest indeed based on the improved HAICA model. For the Bay of Santander, source apportionment indicated both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources, mainly from vehicle emissions including gasoline and diesel engines, and 4-ring PAHs were urgently needed to be managed. However, the sensitivity analysis results of two study areas showed that the most effective control target for reducing integral risk has no obvious relationship with the maximum grouped risk. And a clear linear relationship between the maximum sensitivity range and the logarithm of the initial overall risk only presented in one of study areas, which required further research to clarify. In brief, the improved HACIA model is helpful to evaluate the comprehensive ecological risk of 16 PAHs, and formulate risk management strategies based on grouped risk assessment and sensitivity analysis, with the former points out the admonitory risk and the latter helps to find the most effective mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yuankun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Xiankui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lingling Ni
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuwei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jichun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiufu Liu
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ying Zou
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ruimin He
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, PR China
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26
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Niu L, Yang Q, van Gelder P, Zeng D, Cai H, Liu F, Luo X. Field analysis of PAHs in surface sediments of the Pearl River Estuary and their environmental impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10925-10938. [PMID: 31953768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Based on a monthly field survey in 2011 of the Pearl River Estuary, the dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments (depth < 5 cm) were explored. The seasonal variations in PAH level and composition were investigated in this study, as well as their environmental behaviors, the role of particles, and source apportionment. The concentration of the sum of 16 priority PAHs (defined as ∑16PAHs) ranged from 0.32 to 1.10 μg/g, while that of the sum of 62 PAHs (defined as ∑tPAHs) varied from 0.83 to 2.75 μg/g. The levels of both the ∑16PAHs and ∑tPAHs peaked in February, although the minimum levels appeared in different months-December and August, respectively. The seasonal difference in the ∑tPAHs was significant (flood season, 7.69 μg/g; dry season, 10.51 μg/g). The 5-ring PAH compound (e.g., perylene) was the most abundant and was responsible for 35% of the total, which implied a terrestrial input source via the Pearl River. Sediment particles were predominantly composed of clayed sand, and sediment PAHs showed a greater tendency to be adsorbed onto the large-sized particles rather than the fine fractions. Total organic carbon (TOC) could considerably facilitate the sediment PAHs. Principal component analysis revealed that vehicle emission sources, petroleum sources, and combustion sources were the major anthropogenic contamination sources. The diagnostic ratios of various individual PAHs were also explored. These findings are particularly useful for understanding the geochemistry of organic pollutants in the complex estuarine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Niu
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingshu Yang
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pieter van Gelder
- Section of Safety and Security Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628, BX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Danna Zeng
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayang Cai
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxin Luo
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Coasts, Islands and Reefs, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, People's Republic of China
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27
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Wang G, Li Y, Wang J, Jia Z, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Xie X. A modified receptor model for historical source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 702:134931. [PMID: 31726352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is becoming increasingly serious with the development of the economy. Source analysis is the key step in reducing PAHs pollution in the environment, and existing methods are usually based on receptor models. However, when these methods are applied to the distribution of PAHs in sediments, overestimation or underestimation often occurs. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved model based on principal component analysis and multiple linear regression. The model has been applied to study the pollution of PAHs in sediments of Taihu Lake in China over several decades. Compared with existing models, principal component analysis followed by multiple linear regression of source (PCA-MLRS) can identify specific emission sources and quantify the impact of each emission, and the source resolution accuracy of the strong toxic molecules BaP and DBA is significantly higher than that of other models. Biomass combustion source is the main material source of Phe, Ant, Flu and Pyr in Taihu Lake sediment, and their contribution rates are 85.2%, 44.8%, 58.9% and 62.2%, respectively. The coal combustion source is the main material source of the 5-ring molecule BaP and the 6-ring molecules InP and BP. The contribution rates of coal combustion to BaP, InP and BP are 70.1%, 72.9% and 72.1%, respectively, and this contribution has increased since 1985. The contribution of petroleum oil combustion source and coal combustion source to PAHs in sediments of Taihu Lake is consistent. They are the main sources of heavy molecular PAHs such as BaA, BbF, BkF and DBA, and their contributions are 56.5%, 36.8%, 43.9% and 67.3% respectively. The results are related to the different emission and management characteristics of PAHs from different sources and the different behavior characteristics of low and high molecular weight PAHs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmei Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junxiao Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyi Jia
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefeng Xie
- Collage of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Jia Z, Wang J, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li B, Zhou S. Identification of the sources and influencing factors of potentially toxic elements accumulation in the soil from a typical karst region in Guangxi, Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113505. [PMID: 31706759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Southwestern China contains the largest and most well-developed karst region in the world, and the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) content in the soils of the region is remarkably high. To explore the internal and external control factors and sources of soil PTEs enrichment in this area and to provide a basis for the treatment of PTE pollution, 113 soil samples were collected from Hengxian County, a karst region in Guangxi Province, southwestern China. The importance of eighteen influencing factors including parent material, weathering, physicochemical properties, topography and human activities were quantitatively analyzed by (partial) redundancy analysis. The sources of PTEs were identified using the Pb isotope ratio and absolute principal component score/multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model. The contents of all soil PTEs were higher than the corresponding background values of Guangxi soils. The contents in Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb were the highest in the soil from carbonate rock. The factor group of geological background and weathering explained 26.5% for the accumulation and distribution of soil PTEs and the influence of physicochemical properties was less than 2% but increased to 25.6% through interaction with weathering. Fe (47.1%), Al (42.1%), Mn (22%), chemical index of alteration (12.8%) and clay (11.9%) were the key factors affecting the soil PTEs, while the influence of human activities was weak. Pb isotope ratio and APCS-MLR classified 62.8-74% of soil PTEs as derived from natural sources, whereas 18.23% and 18.95% were derived from industrial activities and agricultural practice/traffic emissions, respectively. The Pb isotope ratio showed that the natural sources account for up to 90% of the Pb in the soil from carbonate rock, the highest contribution among the studied soils. The results of the study can provide background information on the soil PTEs contamination in the karst areas of China and other areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Jia
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Junxiao Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Xiaodan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing, 210017, China; Research Center of Land and Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Baojie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing, 210017, China.
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29
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Abd-Elmabod SK, Fitch AC, Zhang Z, Ali RR, Jones L. Rapid urbanisation threatens fertile agricultural land and soil carbon in the Nile delta. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 252:109668. [PMID: 31604185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture land in Egypt represents only 3.8% of the total area. The Nile delta provides two thirds of Egypt's agriculture land, but is threatened by urban sprawl. The paper aims to quantify urban expansion over a 45 year period using 6 time points from 1972 to 2017, and its impacts on agricultural potential, soil organic carbon stocks, and implications for water use. The study used multi-temporal satellite data and remote sensing techniques (Maximum Likelihood supervised classification, and NDVI), soil sampling and analysis, data on water irrigation, and agroecological system and ecosystem services model (MicroLEIS, InVEST) to assess the effects of land use change. Urban area increased by a factor of 5, from 452 km2 in 1972 to 2644 km2 in 2017. The greatest losses occurred to the fertile Vertic Torrifluvent soils on the older delta, which lost 1734 km2. Soil organic carbon (0-75 cm depth) lost as a result of soil sealing from urbanisation rose from 25,000 to 141,000 Mg C over the 45 years. As a result of increased pressure on delta land, agriculture expanded into the higher desert areas outside the delta, on marginal land sustained by intensive fertiliser use and irrigation, which in turn puts pressure on water use. Therefore, rapid urban expansion has resulted in a loss of soil carbon and a shift in agriculture from fertile soils to marginal soils, requiring more capital inputs, which is ultimately less sustainable. Modelling suggested that soil management improvement could make better use of fertile soils within the Delta currently affected by high salinity and poor drainage. Future planning should encourage urban expansion on the less fertile soils outside of the delta, while improving suitability of existing agricultural land and minimising land degradation within the delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh K Abd-Elmabod
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Soils and Water Use Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Bangor), Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Alice C Fitch
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Bangor), Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ramadan R Ali
- Soils and Water Use Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Laurence Jones
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH-Bangor), Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
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