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Haque MA, Nath ND, Johnston TV, Haruna S, Ahn J, Ovissipour R, Ku S. Harnessing biotechnology for penicillin production: Opportunities and environmental considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174236. [PMID: 38942308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, penicillin has remained the top choice in clinical medicine. With continuous advancements in biotechnology, penicillin production has become cost-effective and efficient. Genetic engineering techniques have been employed to enhance biosynthetic pathways, leading to the production of new penicillin derivatives with improved properties and increased efficacy against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Advances in bioreactor design, media formulation, and process optimization have contributed to higher yields, reduced production costs, and increased penicillin accessibility. While biotechnological advances have clearly benefited the global production of this life-saving drug, they have also created challenges in terms of waste management. Production fermentation broths from industries contain residual antibiotics, by-products, and other contaminants that pose direct environmental threats, while increased global consumption intensifies the risk of antimicrobial resistance in both the environment and living organisms. The current geographical and spatial distribution of antibiotic and penicillin consumption dramatically reveals a worldwide threat. These challenges are being addressed through the development of novel waste management techniques. Efforts are aimed at both upstream and downstream processing of antibiotic and penicillin production to minimize costs and improve yield efficiency while lowering the overall environmental impact. Yield optimization using artificial intelligence (AI), along with biological and chemical treatment of waste, is also being explored to reduce adverse impacts. The implementation of strict regulatory frameworks and guidelines is also essential to ensure proper management and disposal of penicillin production waste. This review is novel because it explores the key remaining challenges in antibiotic development, the scope of machine learning tools such as Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) in modern biotechnology-driven production, improved waste management for antibiotics, discovering alternative path to reducing antibiotic use in agriculture through alternative meat production, addressing current practices, and offering effective recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Nirmalendu Deb Nath
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Tony Vaughn Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
| | - Samuel Haruna
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
| | - Jaehyun Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Reza Ovissipour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Mohisn A, Zhang G, Wang Z, Wu S. Biodegradation of penicillin G sodium by Sphingobacterium sp. SQW1: Performance, degradation mechanism, and key enzymes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133485. [PMID: 38377898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradation is an efficient and cost-effective approach to remove residual penicillin G sodium (PGNa) from the environment. In this study, the effective PGNa-degrading strain SQW1 (Sphingobacterium sp.) was screened from contaminated soil using enrichment technique. The effects of critical operational parameters on PGNa degradation by strain SQW1 were systematically investigated, and these parameters were optimized by response surface methodology to maximize PGNa degradation. Comparative experiments found the extracellular enzyme to completely degrade PGNa within 60 min. Combined with whole genome sequencing of strain SQW1 and LC-MS analysis of degradation products, penicillin acylase and β-lactamase were identified as critical enzymes for PGNa biodegradation. Moreover, three degradation pathways were postulated, including β-lactam hydrolysis, penicillin acylase hydrolysis, decarboxylation, desulfurization, demethylation, oxidative dehydrogenation, hydroxyl reduction, and demethylation reactions. The toxicity of PGNa biodegradation intermediates was assessed using paper diffusion method, ECOSAR, and TEST software, which showed that the biodegradation products had low toxicity. This study is the first to describe PGNa-degrading bacteria and detailed degradation mechanisms, which will provide new insights into the PGNa biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Department of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - YuXuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ali Mohisn
- Department of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Resource Utilization of Carbon-containing Waste with Carbon Neutrality, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Yu Y, Zhou Y, Janssens IA, Deng Y, He X, Liu L, Yi Y, Xiao N, Wang X, Li C, Xiao C. Divergent rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microbial structure and function in long-term warmed steppe due to altered root exudation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17111. [PMID: 38273581 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
While there is an extensive body of research on the influence of climate warming on total soil microbial communities, our understanding of how rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil microorganisms respond to warming remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the impact of 4 years of soil warming on the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of a temperate steppe, focusing on changes in root exudation rates and exudate compositions. We used open top chambers to simulate warming conditions, resulting in an average soil temperature increase of 1.1°C over a span of 4 years. Our results showed that, in the non-rhizosphere soil, warming had no significant impact on dissolved organic carbon concentrations, compositions, or the abundance of soil microbial functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen cycling. Moreover, soil microbial diversity and community composition remained largely unaffected, although warming resulted in increased complexity of soil bacteria and fungi in the non-rhizosphere soil. In contrast, warming resulted in a substantial decrease in root exudate carbon (by 19%) and nitrogen (by 12%) concentrations and induced changes in root exudate compositions, primarily characterized by a reduction in the abundance in alcohols, coenzymes and vitamins, and phenylpropanoids and polyketides. These changes in root exudation rates and exudate compositions resulted in significant shifts in rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and community composition, ultimately leading to a reduction in the complexity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community networks. Altered root exudation and rhizosphere microbial community composition therefore decreased the expression of functional genes related to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Interestingly, we found that changes in soil carbon-related genes were primarily driven by the fungal communities and their responses to warming, both in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. The study of soil microbial structure and function in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil provides an ideal setting for understanding mechanisms for governing rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil carbon and nitrogen cycles. Our results highlight the distinctly varied responses of soil microorganisms in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil to climate warming. This suggests the need for models to address these processes individually, enabling more accurate predictions of the impacts of climate change on terrestrial carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
- Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ye Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia He
- The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nengwen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Chunwang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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Aljasham AT, Damra EM, Alkahtani NS, Alouffi A, Al Salem WS, Alshabanah AO, Alotaibi M, Tanaka T, Ali A, Almutairi MM. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria isolated from Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camels in Al-Jouf province, Saudi Arabia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227908. [PMID: 38155762 PMCID: PMC10752931 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are important ectoparasites that transmit various pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Saudi Arabia faces several challenges that can contribute to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria. These challenges require collaborative efforts to successfully achieve significant control of AMR in the country. The present study aims to isolate bacteria from camels' tick Hyalomma dromedarii in Al-Jouf province to identify and determine these isolates' antimicrobial susceptibilities. Forty-nine ticks were collected from dromedary camels and morphologically classified as H. dromedarii. Ticks were then homogenized and plated individually, which resulted in the isolation of 55 bacteria. The results showed that the bacterial isolates belong to 20 different species. About 71% (n = 39) of the total isolates were identified as Gram-positive bacteria comprised of 11 different species, while 29% (n = 16) of the total isolates were Gram-negative bacteria comprised of 9 different species. The most prevalent isolate within the total samples was Staphylococcus lentus (22.45%, 11/49), followed by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (18.37%, 9/49) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (16.33% 8/49). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Gram-positive bacteria showed that 100% (n = 31) were resistant to benzylpenicillin; 90.3% (n = 28) were resistant to oxacillin; 58.1% (n = 18) were resistant to clindamycin; 48.4% (n = 15) were resistant to vancomycin. In addition, 32.3% (n = 10) were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin; 25.8% (n = 8) were resistant to erythromycin; 16.1% (n = 5) were resistant to teicoplanin; 6.5% (n = 2) were resistant to tetracycline. All Gram-positive bacteria were 100% susceptible to linezolid, gentamicin, tobramycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, and nitrofurantoin. In antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the Gram-negative bacteria, 57.14% (n = 8) of the identified bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, whereas 50% (n = 7) were resistant to cefoxitin and ceftazidime. About 28.57% (n = 4) of the Gram-negative bacteria were resistant to ceftriaxone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In addition, 21.43% (n = 3) were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalothin; 14.29% (n = 2) were resistant to cefepime and nitrofurantoin; 7.14% (n = 1) were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam and tigecycline. However, all Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to other examined antimicrobials. This is the first study that investigates the role of the hard tick as a potential reservoir for AMR pathogens within our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanoud T. Aljasham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M. Damra
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora S. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Al Salem
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljoharah O. Alshabanah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moureq Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mashal M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gong P, Liu H, Yu T, Jiang C, Gou E, Guan J, Chen H, Kang H. Evaluation of resistance risk in soil due to antibiotics during application of penicillin V fermentation residue. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37955258 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The soil application of hydrothermally treated penicillin V fermentation residue (PFR) is attractive but challenged, due to the concern of the resistance risk in soil related to residual antibiotics. In this study, a lab-scale incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of penicillin V on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in PFR-amended soil via qPCR. The introduced penicillin V in soil could not be persistent, and its degradation occurred mainly within 2 days. The higher number of soil ARGs was detected under 108 mg/kg of penicillin V than lower contents (≤54 mg/kg). Additionally, the relative abundance of ARGs was higher in soil spiked with penicillin V than that in blank soil, and the great increase in the relative abundance of soil ARGs occurred earlier under 108 mg/kg of penicillin V than lower contents. The horizontal gene transfer might contribute to the shift of ARGs in PFR-amended soil. The results indicated that the residual penicillin V could cause the proliferation of soil ARGs and should be completely removed by hydrothermal treatment before soil application. The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the resistance risk posed by penicillin V during the application of hydrothermally pretreated PFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Picheng Gong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuishuang Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, People's Republic of China
| | - Enfang Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingze Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayuan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoze Kang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Feng M, Johansen A, Cheng D, Xue J, Feng Y, Fan S, Li Z. Composting reduces the risks of antibiotic resistance genes in maize seeds posed by gentamicin fermentation waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161785. [PMID: 36736399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using high-throughput quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing, the impact of land application of raw and composted gentamicin fermentation waste (GFW) on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in maize seeds was studied in a three-year field trial. The raw and composted GFW changed both the bacterial community composition and the ARGs diversity in the maize seeds compared to non-amended controls and chemical fertilizer. The abundance of ARGs after raw GFW amendment was significantly higher than other treatments because of a high abundance of aadA1, qacEdeltal and aph(2')-Id-02; probably induced by gentamicin selection pressure in maize tissues. Meanwhile, the potential host of these three ARGs, pathogenic bacteria Tenacibaculum, also increased significantly in maize seeds after the application of raw GFW. But our result proved that composting could weaken the risk posed by GFW. We further reveal that the key biotic driver for shaping the ARG profiles in maize seeds is bacterial community followed by heavy metal resistance genes, and ARGs are more likely located on bacterial chromosomes. Our findings provide new insight into ARGs dispersal mechanism in maize seeds after long-term GFW application, demonstrate the potential benefits of composting the GFW to reduce risks as well as the potential efficient management method to GFW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwang Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minmin Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Anders Johansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Dengmiao Cheng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jianming Xue
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Scion, Private Bag 29237, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand
| | - Yao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuanghu Fan
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Zhang M, Chen Q, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Wang F, He M, Guo X, Yang J, Zhang X, Mu J. Pyrolysis of Ca/Fe-rich antibiotic fermentation residues into biochars for efficient phosphate removal/recovery from wastewater: Turning hazardous waste to phosphorous fertilizer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161732. [PMID: 36682552 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ca/Fe-rich antibiotic fermentation residues (AFRs), a type of hazardous waste, can be regarded as recyclable biomass and metal resources. However, concurrent detoxification and reutilization of biomass and metals resources from AFRs have never been reported before. In this study, Ca/Fe-rich vancomycin fermentation residues were pyrolyzed into biochar to adsorb phosphate for the first time. The residual vancomycin and antibiotic resistance genes were completely decomposed during pyrolysis. The resultant Ca/Fe-rich biochar exhibited excellent performance at adsorbing phosphate without further modifications. The process had rapid kinetics and a maximum adsorption capacity of 102 mg P/g. Ca and Fe were the active sites, whereas different mechanisms were observed under acidic and alkaline conditions. Surprisingly, HCO3- enhanced phosphate adsorption with an increase of adsorption capacity from 43.9 to 71.0 mg/g when HCO3- concentration increased from 1 to 10 mM. Furthermore, actual wastewater could be effectively treated by the biochar. The phosphate-rich spent biochar significantly promoted seed germination (germination rate: 96.7 % vs. 80.0 % in control group, p < 0.01) and seedling growth (shoot length was increased by 57.9 %, p < 0.01) due to the slow release of bioavailable phosphate, and thus could be potentially used as a phosphorous fertilizer. Consequently, the hazardous waste was turned into phosphorous fertilizer, with the additional benefits of detoxifying AFRs, reutilizing biomass and metal resources from AFRs, controlling phosphate pollution, and recovering phosphate from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Qinpeng Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China; College of life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Feipeng Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Minzhen He
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China; College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350028, PR China
| | - Xiumei Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Fuzhou Fuxing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. of Lizhu Group, Fuzhou 350309, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Jingli Mu
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China.
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8
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Shi Y, Zhang J, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Bechthold A, Yu X. Double-reporter-guided targeted activation of the oxytetracycline silent gene cluster in Streptomyces rimosus M527. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1411-1422. [PMID: 36775891 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In Streptomyces rimosus M527, the oxytetracycline (OTC) biosynthetic gene cluster is not expressed under laboratory conditions. In this study a reported-guided mutant selection (RGMS) procedure was used to activate the cluster. The double-reporter plasmid pAGT was constructed in which gusA encoding a β-glucuronidase and tsr encoding a thiostrepton resistance methyltransferase were placed under the control of the native promoter of oxyA gene (PoxyA ). Plasmid pAGT was introduced and integrated into the chromosome of S. rimosus M527 by conjugation, yielding initial strain M527-pAGT. Subsequently, mutants of M527-pAGT were generated by using ribosome engineering technology. The mutants harboring activated OTC gene cluster were selected based on visual observation of GUS activity and thiostrepton resistance. Finally, mutant M527-pAGT-R7 was selected producing OTC in a concentration of 235.2 mg/L. In this mutant transcriptional levels of oxysr genes especial oxyAsr gene were increased compared to wild-type strain S. rimosus M527. The mutant M527-pAGT-R7 showed antagonistic activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. All data indicate that the OTC gene cluster was successfully activated using the RGMS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinyao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongyong Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Andreas Bechthold
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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9
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Cui Z, Xu G, Ormeci B, Hao J. Kill two birds with one stone: The management of hazardous waste and the preparation of efficient adsorbents for Pb(II) were realized by the pyrolysis of penicillin mycelial dreg. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120508. [PMID: 36306889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The penicillin industry produces a large amount of penicillin mycelial dreg (PMD), potentially causing severe environmental problems without proper treatment and disposal. To achieve the goals of PMD management, the present work explored the potential of PMD as a novel feedstock to produce biochar with very high adsorption performance. PMD was pyrolyzed at 400-800 °C to prepare biochars (PMD-BCs), and the physical and chemical properties were characterized using various methods. The adsorption capacities of Pb2+ on PMD-BC400, PMD-BC600, and PMD-BC800 were 37.04, 62.89, and 107.53 mg/g, respectively, at a temperature of 25 °C and pH of 5.0. The adsorption process of Pb2+ on PMD-BCs can be well described by the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model. Mineral precipitation, ion exchange, functional group complexation and Pb2+-π interaction were involved in the adsorption of Pb2+ on PMD-BCs. Moreover, mineral precipitation and ion exchange dominated Pb2+ sorption on PMD-BCs (84.71-92.73%). This study indicates the transition of PMD to biochar for Pb2+ adsorption is a promising method for PMD utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guoren Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Banu Ormeci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jiayin Hao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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10
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Tian J, Chen C, Lartey-Young G, Ma L. Biodegradation of cefalexin by two bacteria strains from sewage sludge. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:220442. [PMID: 36686552 PMCID: PMC9832293 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation has been used as an environmentally-friendly, energy-saving and efficient method for removing pollutants. However, there have been very few studies focusing on the specific antibiotic-degrading microorganisms in the activated sludge and their degradation mechanism. Two strains of cefalexin-degrading bacteria (Rhizobium sp. (CLX-2) and Klebsiella sp. (CLX-3)) were isolated from the activated sludge in this study. They were capable of rapidly eliminating over 99% of cefalexin at an initial concentration of 10 mg l-1 within 12 h. The exponential phase of cefalexin degradation happened a little earlier than that of bacterial growth. The first-order kinetic model could elucidate the biodegradation process of cefalexin. The optimized environmental temperature and pH values for rapid biodegradation by these two strains were found to be 30°C and 6.5-7, respectively. Furthermore, two major biodegradation metabolites of CLX-3, 7-amino-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl pyrazine were identified using UHPLC-MS and the biodegradation pathway of cefalexin was proposed. Overall, the results showed that Rhizobium sp. (CLX-2) and Klebsiella sp. (CLX-3) could possibly be useful resources for antibiotic pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - George Lartey-Young
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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11
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Xu L, Li C, Wei G, Ji J, Lichtfouse E, García A, Zhang Y. Degradation of sulfamethoxazole by chlorination in water distribution systems: Kinetics, toxicity, and antibiotic resistance genes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10817. [PMID: 36524464 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of veterinary drugs and food additives, which has been frequently detected in surface waters in recent years and will cause damage to organisms. Therefore, SMX was selected as a target to be investigated, including the degradation kinetics, evolution of toxicity, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of SMX during chlorination in batch reactors and water distribution systems (WDS), to determine the optimal factors for removing SMX. In the range of investigated pH (6.3-9.0), the SMX degradation had the fastest rate at close to neutral pH. The chlorination of SMX was affected by the initial total free chlorine concentration, and the degradation of SMX was consistent with second-order kinetics. The rate constants in batch reactors are (2.23 ± 0.07) × 102 M-1 s-1 and (5.04 ± 0.30) × 10 M-1 s-1 for HClO and ClO-1 , respectively. Moreover, the rate constants in WDS are (1.76 ± 0.07) × 102 M-1 s-1 and (4.06 ± 0.62) × 10 M-1 s-1 , respectively. The degradation rate of SMX was also affected by pipe material, and the rate followed the following order: stainless-steel pipe (SS) > ductile iron pipe (DI) > polyethylene pipe (PE). The degradation rate of SMX in the DI increased with increasing flow rate, but the increase was limited. In addition, SMX could increase the toxicity of water initially, yet the toxicity reduced to the level of tap water after 2-h chlorination. And the relative abundance of ARGs (sul1 and sul2) of tap water samples was significantly increased under different chlorination conditions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The degradation rate of SMX in batch reactor and WDS is different, and they could be described by first- or second-order kinetics. The degradation of SMX had the fastest rate at neutral pH. The degradation rate of SMX was also affected by pipe material and flow velocity. SMX increased the toxicity of water initially, yet the toxicity reduced after a 2-h chlorination. SMX increased the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes sul1 and sul2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guozijian Wei
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ji
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Andreina García
- Advanced Mining Technology Center (AMTC), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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12
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Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens pose high risks to human and animal health worldwide. In recent years, the environment and wildlife as major sources and reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are being increasingly investigated. There have been many reports on bacterial community in ticks, but little is known about ARGs they carry, and the correlation between bacterial and ARGs in wild ticks also remains unknown. Here, the profiles of microbial community and antibiotic resistome in wild tick species were investigated using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and smart chip-based high-throughput quantitative PCR approach (HT-qPCR), respectively. We found that bacterial composition in wild tick species is variable; the sequenced reads from all samples were assigned to 37 different phyla at the phylum level. The dominant phylum was Proteobacteria, which accounted for 75.60 ± 10.34%, followed by Bacteroidetes accounting for 13.78 ± 11.68% of the total bacterial community. In total, 100 different ARGs across 12 antibiotic classes and 20 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were identified by HT-qPCR, and among them aminoglycosides, multidrug, macrolide-clinolamide-streptogramin B, and tetracycline resistance genes were the dominant ARG types. Co-occurrence patterns revealed by network analysis showed that eight bacterial genera may serve as the potential hosts for different ARGs. For the first time, this study provides comprehensive overview of the diversity and abundance of ARGs in wild ticks and highlights the possible role of wild ticks as ARG disseminators into the environment and vertebrate hosts, with implications for human and animal health. IMPORTANCE The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses serious threat to the public health around the world. Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites, surviving via feeding on the blood of various animal hosts. Although some previous studies have confirmed wild ticks carried various bacterial community, the role of wild ticks in the antibiotic resistance remains unknown. Here, identification of microbial community and antibiotic resistome in wild tick species revealed that wild ticks are the reservoir, postulated potential spreaders of antibiotic resistance. Our findings highlight the contribution of wild ticks to the maintenance and dissemination of ARGs, and the associated health risks.
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Wang B, Cao Q, Li G, Zhang J. Preparation of non-polluting Tb-doped mesoporous carbon nitride photocatalyst and study on the efficacy and mechanism of degradation of antibiotics in water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36337-36350. [PMID: 35060038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given that the biological treatment of antibiotic wastewater can easily induce resistant bacteria, the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics is considered as a better method for treating antibiotic wastewater. Therefore, the ability to remove Tylosin (TYL) and Tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solution using rare earth element Tb-doped g-C3N4 under simulated natural solar radiation was investigated. A series of rare earth Tb3+ doped mesoporous g-C3N4 were successfully prepared by nitric acid treatment and Tb(NO3)3·5H2O samples showed significantly higher degradation efficiency for TYL and TC than pure g-C3N4. Leaching toxicity experiments were carried out on the catalyst using chard seeds and demonstrated negligible toxicity of the leachate from the catalyst. The structure, elemental state, optical properties, morphology, and photogenerated carrier separation of the prepared xTCN catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, UV-Vis DRS, TEM, and PL. The results show that Tb doping enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4 catalyst by narrowing the band gap while improving the light-trapping ability; The separation and transport rate of photogenerated carriers were significantly increased after Tb doping. Finally, a simple, efficient, and non-polluting Tb-doped carbon nitride photocatalyst is successfully developed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Qingtong Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
| | - Guomin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, 132012, China
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14
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Ren J, Deng L, Li C, Dong L, Li Z, Zhao J, Zhang J, Niu D. Safety of composts consisting of hydrothermally treated penicillin fermentation residue: Degradation products, antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118075. [PMID: 34492529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Combining hydrothermal treatment and composting is an effective method to dispose of penicillin fermentation residue (PFR), but the safety and related mechanism are still unclear. In this study, penicillin solution was hydrothermally treated to decipher its degradation mechanism, and then hydrothermally treated PFR (HT-PFR) was mixed with bulking agents at ratios of 2:0 (CK), 2:1.5 (T1), and 2:5 (T2) to determine the absolute abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the succession of bacterial community. Results showed that penicillin was degraded to several new compounds without the initial lactam structure after hydrothermal treatment. During composting, temperature and pH of the composts increased with the raising of HT-PFR proportion, except the pH at days 2. After 52 days of composting, the absolute copies of ARGs (blaTEM, blaCMY2, and blaSFO) and the relative abundance of bacteria related to pathogens were reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Especially, the total amount of ARGs in the samples of CK and T1 were decreased to equal level (around 5 log10 copies/g), which indicated that more ARGs were degraded in the latter by the composting process. In the CK samples, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria accounted for ~69.8% of the total bacteria, but they were gradually replaced by Firmicutes with increasing proportions of HT-PFR, which can be caused by the high protein content in PFR. Consisting with bacterial community, more gram-positive bacteria were observed in T1 and T2, and most of them are related to manganese oxidation and chitinolysis. As composting proceeded, bacteria having symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with animals and plants were reduced, but those related to ureolysis and cellulolysis were enriched. Above all, hydrothermal treatment is effective in destroying the lactam structure of penicillin, which makes that most ARGs and pathogenic bacteria are eliminated in the subsequent composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ren
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Liujie Deng
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Antibiotic Residues, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Liping Dong
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Antibiotic Residues, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization of Antibiotic Residues, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute and Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology, Ministry of Public Security, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Hebei Cixin Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang, 065600, China
| | - Dongze Niu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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15
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Chao H, Zheng X, Xia R, Sun M, Hu F. Incubation trial indicated the earthworm intestinal bacteria as promising biodigestor for mitigating tetracycline resistance risk in anthropogenic disturbed forest soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149337. [PMID: 34340069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuous input of antibiotics due to frequent anthropogenic activities have increased the dissemination risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in forest soil. As soil engineers, it remains unclear whether earthworm intestinal microbial communities might play a role in controlling the ARG proliferation in forest soil. This study collected forest soil in the Yangtze River Delta, China, and its resident Metaphire guillelmi to investigate the interaction between tetracycline (50 μg kg-1) and the bacteria in worm gut and soil. Metagenome sequencing analysis indicated that the abundance of the total ARGs in both the soil (S2) and the worm gut (E2) was 1.3 (p < 0.001) and 1.2 (p < 0.001) times higher than the soil (S1) and (E1) without tetracycline exposure; and under tetracycline stress, the relative abundance of 36 and 20 bacterial genera in forest soil and worm gut were significantly increased respectively. However, the ARGs/ARB abundance decreased in the soil with the worm addition than that without, which may be related to the fact that earthworm intestinal bacteria harbored more tetracycline-degrading genes, i.e. dehydrogenase genes adh, ETFDH, and gpr, etc. Structural equation model analysis indicated that bacteria in worm intestinal has stronger ability to degrade tetracycline than in soil, and the main dissipate way was dehydrogenation. Together, the results contributed to understanding the promising role of worm intestinal bacteria in controlling the ARG risk caused by antibiotic disturbed forest soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chao
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zheng
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rong Xia
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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16
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Zhang B, Wang M, Qu J, Zhang Y, Liu H. Characterization and mechanism analysis of tylosin biodegradation and simultaneous ammonia nitrogen removal with strain Klebsiella pneumoniae TN-1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125342. [PMID: 34082338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain that exhibited a high capacity for the simultaneous degradation and removal of tylosin and ammonia nitrogen, respectively, was isolated from tylosin fermentation dregs (TFDs) and identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae TN-1. The removal efficiencies of tylosin and ammonia nitrogen reached 95.31% and 83.26%, respectively, at initial concentrations of 300 mg/L for both. Three identified intermediates with less toxicity indicated that de-sugarization and hydrolysis were the proposed biodegradation pathways. The results also suggested that strain TN-1 could reduce nitrogen loss by transforming ammonium into nitrate nitrogen according to the transcriptional expression of nitrogen transformation-related genes and the activities of functional enzymes. Moreover, strain TN-1 effectively reduced ammonia volatilization by 65.20% and facilitated tylosin degradation, with a maximum removal efficiency of 57.35% in the simulated fermentation process of TFDs. This work provides an efficient bioaugmentation for simultaneous antibiotic degradation and nitrogen conservation during the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Huiling Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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17
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Wang M, Ren P, Liu H, Dai X. Investigating antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes in soil, groundwater and vegetables in relation to agricultural field - Applicated with lincomycin mycelial residues compost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146066. [PMID: 33677290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic mycelial residue, a kind of organic bio-waste, after composting with the subsequent land application is an effective way to achieve its resource utilization. However, its influences on soil quality and ecological safety in the practical agricultural field and related environmental media, e.g., groundwater and vegetables, remain investigated. In the present study, a field experiment with vegetable plants was conducted to study the influences of lincomycin mycelial residue compost (LMRC) on soil quality, and antibiotics and ARGs' fate. In particular, soil physicochemical properties and microbial community composition were analyzed. Moreover, antibiotics and ARGs' evolution in soil, vegetable, and groundwater were determined. The results showed that the LMRC amendment enhanced soil fertility with the increases of organic matter, total nitrogen, and available P/K. Enzyme activities except catalase and urease were promoted, and they were positively related to the LMRC application ratio. Soil microbial community composition presented temporary shifts as LMRC added, and the low application amount soil showed no significant difference with control at the end of the experiment. Similarly, lincomycin concentration in soil was far lower than the background, and it decreased below the predicted no-effect concentration in groundwater. Besides, the detected lincomycin in pakchoi grew in 0.5% and 1% LMRC amended soil was lower than acceptable daily intake (30 μg/kg). Low application rate (0.5%) of LMRC caused no significant changes of tested ARGs in soil, vegetables, and groundwater. Information obtained from this study provides reasonable application strategies for LMRC that with environmental acceptable antibiotic and ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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18
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Wang Q, Zhang Z, Xu G, Li G. Pyrolysis of penicillin fermentation residue and sludge to produce biochar: Antibiotic resistance genes destruction and biochar application in the adsorption of penicillin in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125385. [PMID: 33611034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A process of antibiotic fermentation residue and sludge pyrolysis to produce biochar was proposed, with antibiotic resistance genes destruction and biochar application in the adsorption of penicillin in water. The results showed that the β-lactam resistance genes were completely destroyed during pyrolysis. The prepared biochar from antibiotic fermentation residues (AFRB) and sludge (AFSB) at 800 °C and 600 °C had a good adsorption effect on the low concentration penicillin in water, with removal efficiencies of 93.32% and 98.50% for penicillin in aqueous solution and maximum adsorption capacities of 44.05 mg/g and 23.26 mg/g, respectively. Characterization of AFRB revealed that its surface was predominantly aromatic carbon, AFSB contained significant amounts of Fe3O4. Weak interactions (H‧‧‧π, H‧‧‧O˭C, π-π interactions) and active sites (aromatic ring, H and -C˭O groups) of penicillin with aromatic structures on AFRB and the chemisorption (-C˭O-Fe-, -C˭OO-Fe-), and active sites (-C˭O, -COO- groups) of penicillin on the (110) surface of Fe3O4 on AFSB were revealed by quantum chemical methods. This work provides a novel pathway for the risk reduction of antibiotic production residue and sludge associated with the generation of biochar for antibiotic removal from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2602, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoren Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2602, Harbin 150090, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibai Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2602, Harbin 150090, China.
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19
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Liu C, Yao H, Wang C. Black Soldier Fly Larvae Can Effectively Degrade Oxytetracycline Bacterial Residue by Means of the Gut Bacterial Community. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663972. [PMID: 34211443 PMCID: PMC8239407 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic bacterial residue is a unique hazardous waste, and its safe and effective disposal has always been a concern of pharmaceutical enterprises. This report presents the effective treatment of hazardous waste-antibiotic bacterial residue-by black soldier fly larvae (larvae), oxytetracycline bacterial residue (OBR), and soya meal with mass ratios of 0:1 (soya), 1:20 (OBRlow), and 1:2 (OBRhigh), which were used as substrates for larval bioconversion. Degradation of OBR and oxytetracycline, the bacterial community, the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the bacterial function in the gut were examined. When the larvae were harvested, 70.8, 59.3, and 54.5% of the substrates had been consumed for soya, OBRlow and OBRhigh; 65.9 and 63.3% of the oxytetracycline was degraded effectively in OBRlow and OBRhigh, respectively. The larval bacterial communities were affected by OBR, abundant and various ARGs were discovered in the gut, and metabolism was the major predicted function of the gut. These findings show that OBR can be digested and converted by larvae with gut bacteria, and the larvae can be used as a bioremediation tool for the treatment of hazardous waste. Finally, the abundant ARGs in the gut deserve further attention and consideration in environmental health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuncheng Liu
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology of Hubei Province, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Cunwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology of Hubei Province, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Wang P, Shen C, Cong Q, Xu K, Lu J. Enzyme-catalyzed biodegradation of penicillin fermentation residues by β-lactamase OtLac from Ochrobactrum tritici. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:117. [PMID: 34120587 PMCID: PMC8201694 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodegradation of antibiotics is a promising method for the large-scale removal of antibiotic residues in the environment. However, the enzyme that is involved in the biodegradation process is the key information to be revealed. RESULTS In this study, the beta-lactamase from Ochrobactrum tritici that mediates the biodegradation of penicillin V was identified and characterized. When searching the proteins of Ochrobactrum tritici, the β-lactamase (OtLac) was identified. OtLac consists of 347 amino acids, and predicted isoelectric point is 7.0. It is a class C β-lactamase according to BLAST analysis. The coding gene of OtLac was amplified from the genomic DNA of Ochrobactrum tritici. The OtLac was overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified with Ni2+ column affinity chromatography. The biodegradation ability of penicillin V by OtLac was identified in an in vitro study and analyzed by HPLC. The optimal temperature for OtLac is 32 ℃ and the optimal pH is 7.0. Steady-state kinetics showed that OtLac was highly active against penicillin V with a Km value of 17.86 μM and a kcat value of 25.28 s-1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS OtLac demonstrated biodegradation activity towards penicillin V potassium, indicating that OtLac is expected to degrade penicillin V in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
- Hebei Province Pharmaceutical Chemical Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China.
| | - Chen Shen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Qinqin Cong
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Kaili Xu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| | - Jialin Lu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
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21
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Ren J, Deng L, Li C, Dong L, Li Z, Zhang J, Niu D. Effects of added thermally treated penicillin fermentation residues on the quality and safety of composts. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 283:111984. [PMID: 33477096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment and composting are effective methods of degrading antibiotics and organic matter in penicillin fermentation residues (PFR), respectively. However, the composting efficiency and environmental safety of thermally treated PFR (HT-PFR) remain unclear. In this study, HT-PFR was composted with cattle manure and maize straw at ratios of 0:1:1 (CK), 1.5:1:1 (T1), and 5:1:1 (T2). Changes in physicochemical properties, seed germination index (GI), and microbial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were determined. Addition of HT-PFR significantly reduced the C:N ratio of each compost (P < 0.05) and prolonged the thermophilic stage. The GI of CK and T1 composts increased during processing, whereas that of T2 compost remained low. The PO43- concentrations of T1 and T2 composts were 6.3- and 11.1-fold higher than that of CK, respectively. HT-PFR contained relatively small amounts of mineral elements, and composting it with cattle manure and maize straw provided balanced nutrients for plant growth. After 52 days of composting, most ARGs of the microflora were reduced to low levels, but blaTEM increased significantly in T2 compost. Overall, composting HT-PFR at up to 42% of a mix containing equal parts of cattle manure and wheat straw is an environmentally safe and effective way of transforming it into organic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Ren
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Liujie Deng
- State Environmental Protection Antibiotic Mycelial Dreg Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Center, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Liping Dong
- State Environmental Protection Antibiotic Mycelial Dreg Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Center, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Environmental Protection Antibiotic Mycelial Dreg Harmless Treatment and Resource Utilization Engineering Technology Center, Yili Chuanning Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yili, 835007, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Hebei Cixin Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang, 065600, China
| | - Dongze Niu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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22
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Xu H, Chen Z, Wu X, Zhao L, Wang N, Mao D, Ren H, Luo Y. Antibiotic contamination amplifies the impact of foreign antibiotic-resistant bacteria on soil bacterial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143693. [PMID: 33280868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Human activities are stimulating the presence of foreign antibiotic-resistance bacteria (ARB) in soils and antibiotic-contaminated soils are increasing continuously in the world. However, little is known about the impacts of foreign ARB on the indigenous bacterial community in antibiotic-contaminated soil. Herein, using a microcosm experiment we studied the soil bacterial community composition and function (presented with niche structure and niche breadth) in the response to a model ARB (multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli) amendment in the absence and presence of tetracycline contamination. Results demonstrated that the ARB amendment increased the diversity and niche breadth and altered the composition and niche structure of the soil bacterial community. Tetracycline contamination further enhanced these impacts probably via increasing the survival of foreign ARB in soil. Interestingly, the ARB-induced changes in the bacterial community composition and function were synchronized, which might be driven by the substantial changes in some core taxa (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Patescibacteria). Furthermore, the impacts of the foreign ARB on soil bacterial community lasted longer than the survival of ARB in tetracycline-uncontaminated and low contaminated soils, demonstrating that the amendment of foreign ARB into soil likely challenges the stability of the soil bacterial community in a relatively long period. Overall, this study highlighted that antibiotic contamination could aggravate the impacts of the foreign ARB on soil bacterial community composition and function, resulting in the potential risks in reducing soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zeyou Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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23
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Zhang Y, Zhang BT, Teng Y, Zhao J, Kuang L, Sun X. Activation of persulfate by core–shell structured Fe3O4@C/CDs-Ag nanocomposite for the efficient degradation of penicillin. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Gong P, Liu H, Xin Y, Wang G, Dai X, Yao J. Composting of oxytetracycline fermentation residue in combination with hydrothermal pretreatment for reducing antibiotic resistance genes enrichment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124271. [PMID: 33099099 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal pretreatment can efficiently remove the residual antibiotics in oxytetracycline fermentation residue (OFR), but its effect on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting remains unclear. This study compared the shifts in bacterial community and evolutions in ARGs and integrons during different composting processes of OFRs with and without hydrothermal pretreatment. The results demonstrated that hydrothermal pretreatment increased the bacterial alpha diversity at the initial phase, and increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria but decreased that of Bacteroidetes at the final phase by inactivating mycelia and removing residual oxytetracycline. Composting process inevitably elevated the abundance and relative abundance of ARGs. However, the increase in ARGs was significantly reduced by hydrothermal pretreatment, because the removal of oxytetracycline decreased their potential host bacteria and inhibited their horizontal gene transfer. The results demonstrated that hydrothermal pretreatment is an efficient strategy to reduce the enrichment of ARGs during the OFR composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Picheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Huiling Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yanjun Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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25
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Zhang B, Wang M, Cai C, Wang P, Liu H. Assessing the effects of tylosin fermentation dregs as soil amendment on macrolide antibiotic resistance genes and microbial communities: Incubation study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:854-863. [PMID: 32648501 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1788337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tylosin fermentation dregs (TFDs) are biosolid waste of antibiotics tylosin production process which contain nutritious components and may be recycled as soil amendments. However, the specific ecological safety of TFDs from the perspective of bacterial resistance in soil microenvironment is not fully explored. In the present study, a series of replicated lab-scale work were performed using the simulated fertilization to gain insight into the potential environmental effects and risks of macrolide antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the soil microbial communities composition via quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing following the TFDs land application as the soil amendments. The results showed that bio-processes might play an important role in the decomposition of tylosin which degraded above 90% after 20 days in soil. The application of TFDs might induce the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, change soil environment and reduce the microbial diversity. Though the abundances of macrolide ARGs exhibited a decreasing trend following the tylosin degradation, other components in TFDs may have a lasting impact on both macrolide ARGs abundance and soil bacterial communities. Thus, this study pointed out the fate of TFDs on soil ecological environment when directly applying into soil, and provide valuable scientific basis for TFDs management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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