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Okon C, Rocha MB, de Souza Ratuchinski L, Santo DE, Duarte CCS, de Lima Feitoza L, Junior OV, Ferreira PMP, de Almeida EA, Halmemam MCO, Dade SilvaOliveira DC, da Silva Gonzalez R, de Souza DC, Peron AP. Toxicity of the emerging pollutants propylparaben and dichloropropylparaben to terrestrial plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34178-w. [PMID: 38972946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Propylparaben (PrP) and dichloropropylparaben (diClPrP) are found in soil worldwide, mainly due to the incorporation of urban sludge in crop soils and the use of non-raw wastewater for irrigation. Studies on the adverse effects of PrP on plants are incipient and not found for diClPrP. PrP and diClPrP were evaluated at concentrations 4, 40, and 400 µg/L for their phytotoxic potential to seeds of Allium cepa (onion), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Lycopersicum sculentum (tomato), and Lactuca sativa (lettuce), and cytotoxic, genotoxic potential, and for generating oxygen-reactive substances in root meristems of A. cepa bulbs. PrP and diClPrP caused a significant reduction in seed root elongation in all four species. In A. cepa bulb roots, PrP and diClPrP resulted in a high prophase index; in addition, PrP at 400 µg/L and diClPrP at the three concentrations significantly decreased cell proliferation and caused alterations in a significant number of cells. Furthermore, diClPrP concentrations induced the development of hooked roots in onion bulbs. The two chemical compounds caused significant changes in the modulation of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase, disarming the root meristems against hydroxyl radicals and superoxides. Therefore, PrP and diClPrP were phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic to the species tested, proving dangerous to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Okon
- Chemical Enginnering Course, Federal Technological, University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mylena Bathke Rocha
- Chemical Enginnering Course, Federal Technological, University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Espirito Santo
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Charla Chaionara Schults Duarte
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lidiane de Lima Feitoza
- Academic Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Valarini Junior
- Academic Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Academic Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Regiane da Silva Gonzalez
- Academic Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina de Souza
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Peron
- Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil.
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Technological Innovations, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Via Rosalina Maria Dos Santos, Campo Mourão, Paraná, 1233, Brazil.
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Kim D, Kim L, Kim D, Kwak JI, Kim SW, Cui R, An YJ. Species sensitivity distributions for ethylparaben to derive protective concentrations for soil ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2435-2449. [PMID: 34272621 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethylparaben is used as an antifungal preservative. Although some countries have implemented regulations for human exposure to parabens, environmental regulations for ethylparaben have not been established. This study provides new toxicological data for ethylparaben, for which data regarding soil organisms were previously lacking. Although ethylparaben toxicity has been reported in other species, we present herein the first comprehensive study of its toxicity in soil organisms. We used 12 test species (Lycopersicon esculentum, Vigna radiata, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Eisenia andrei, Folsomia candida, Lobella sokamensis, Caenorhabiditis elegans, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorococcum infusionum, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella vulgaris) from eight taxonomic groups for acute bioassays and nine test species (L. esculentum, V. radiata, H. vulgare, O. sativa, C. reinhardtii, C. infusionum, C. sorokiniana, and C. vulgaris) from five taxonomic groups for chronic bioassays. A suite of acute and chronic toxicity tests, using 21 soil species, was conducted to estimate EC50 values, which facilitated the construction of species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) and the calculation of protective concentrations (PCs). Acute and chronic PC95 values (protective concentration for 95% of species) for ethylparaben were estimated to be 14 and 5 mg/kg dry soil, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the toxicity of ethylparaben to soil species and derive PCs for soil ecosystems based on SSDs. Therefore, the data presented in this study can be used as a basis for further investigations of paraben toxicity to the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Lia Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Il Kwak
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Rongxue Cui
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Huang P, Liu SS, Wang ZJ, Ding TT, Xu YQ. Deriving the predicted no effect concentrations of 35 pesticides by the QSAR-SSD method. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134303. [PMID: 35288184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides results in their frequent detection in water bodies and other environmental media. Pesticide residues may cause certain risks to the environment and human health, and reliable predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) must be obtained when assessing environmental risks. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is an important method for the derivation of chemical PNECs. Construction of the SSD model requires sufficient toxicity data to various species including at least eight families in three phyla, suitable nonlinear fitting functions and assessment factors (AFs) with certain uncertainty. However, most chemicals could not collect sufficient species toxicity data, while some chemicals had sufficient species toxicity data but could not find suitable fitting functions, thus hindering the construction of effective SSD models. To this end, the established QSAR models were applied to predict toxicity of chemicals to specific species to fill in the toxicity data gaps required for SSD and selecting multiple nonlinear functions to optimize the SSD model. Combined with QSAR and SSD methods, a new method of PNEC derivation was developed and successfully applied to the derivation of PNEC for 35 pesticides. Three QSAR models were used to predict the toxicities of six pesticides with few toxicity data. Nine two-parameter nonlinear functions were used to fit the toxicity-cumulative probability data one by one to determine the optimal SSD models. The hazardous concentrations at the cumulative probability of 5% and 10%, i. e, HC5 and HC10, respectively, were calculated by the optimal SSD model. The assessment factor used to determine the PNEC of the chemical based on the HC10 was derived from the quantitative correlation between HC10 and HC5 of pesticides found in this study. When the toxicity data are insufficient, it may be more appropriate to calculate the PNECs of chemicals using HC10 than using HC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ya-Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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Nam SH, An YJ. Perspectives on microalgae as model organisms toward the standardization of soil algal toxicity test methods. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109144. [PMID: 34302981 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
When considering test species for soil ecotoxicity, the development of new model organisms is often suggested to increase the reliability of ecological risk assessments. Ubiquitous soil algae could offer potential test species for assessing various soil pollution levels. Currently, there are few reviews offering comprehensive perspectives on stressors-based toxicological studies using microalgae in soil media, with the majority of scholarly attention paid to the toxicological effects of freshwater algae or marine algae in aquatic ecosystems. In this review, we focus on current toxicological studies of microalgae assessed in soil-related media and suggest considerations for using microalgae in soil toxicity tests based on 22 publications (1998-2021). In addition, we analyzed characteristics of soil algae based on criteria for selecting test species and suggest that future research should be directed toward the standardization of soil algal toxicity test methods. This review discusses a promising method using soil algae as new test species for soil toxicity assessment as cost-effective and environmentally sound soil quality bioindicators. The review also addresses the lack of understanding behind how soil algae can serve as important test species for soil ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Nam
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Bandeira FO, Alves PRL, Hennig TB, Brancalione J, Nogueira DJ, Matias WG. Chronic effects of clothianidin to non-target soil invertebrates: Ecological risk assessment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126491. [PMID: 34323739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the chronic toxicity and risk of clothianidin in a seed dressing formulation to non-target soil invertebrates. The toxicity assays were performed with two oligochaetes (earthworms Eisenia andrei and enchytraeids Enchytraeus crypticus) and three collembolans (Folsomia candida, Proisotoma minuta and Sinella curviseta) species following ISO protocols. Risk assessment (via Hazard Quotient approach - HQ) was based on the hazardous concentrations for 95% of the species (HC5), derived from chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSD) for clothianidin, and on its predicted environmental concentrations (PEC). Four SSD scenarios were generated with literature and/or this study data, following different data selection criteria (i.e., general, only data from tests using similar formulations, similar soils, or identical soil/formulation). In our experiments, a higher clothianidin toxicity (EC50-based) was found for collembolans (varying from 0.11 to 0.28 mg kg-1 between species) followed by the earthworms (4.35 mg kg-1), while the enchytraeids were the least sensitive (33.5 mg kg-1). HQ indicated a significant risk of clothianidin to soil invertebrates because the estimated PEC were at least 16.6 times higher than HC5 and are expected to affect the whole group of collembolans. Despite the criteria for data inclusion have influenced the HC5 values, no substantial changes were observed for the risk outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the chronic ecological risk of clothianidin to beneficial soil fauna based on a probabilistic SSD approach. Data from this study can help to derive more reliable protection thresholds for clothianidin in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ogliari Bandeira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roger Lopes Alves
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Thuanne Braúlio Hennig
- Department of Soil Science, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luis de Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliane Brancalione
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Av. Fernando Machado 108 E, 89802112 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Diego José Nogueira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil.
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Logeshwaran P, Sivaram AK, Surapaneni A, Kannan K, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) but not perflurorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at ppb concentration induces chronic toxicity in Daphnia carinata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144577. [PMID: 33482550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Widespread environmental contamination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is well established. Nevertheless, few studies have reported on the aquatic toxicity of PFAS, especially in indicator species such as Daphnia. In this study, the toxicity of two major PFAS, namely perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), was investigated on water flea (Daphnia carinata) using a battery of comprehensive toxicity tests, including a 48 h acute and a 21-day chronic assays. The survival, growth, and reproduction of D. carinata were monitored over a 21-day life cycle. PFOS exhibited higher toxicity than PFOA. The 48 h LC50 values (confidence interval) based on acute toxicity for PFOA and PFOS were 78.2 (54.9-105) mg L-1 and 8.8 (6.4-11.6) mg L-1, respectively. Chronic exposure to PFOS for 21 days displayed mortality and reproductive defects in D. carinata at a concentration as low as 0.001 mg L-1. Genotoxicity assessment using comet assay revealed that exposure for 96 h to PFOS at 1 and 10.0 mg L-1 significantly damaged the organism's genetic makeup. The results of this study have great implications for risk assessment of PFOS and PFOA in aquatic ecosystems, given the potential of PFOS to pose a risk to Daphnia even at lower concentrations (1 μg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- South East Water, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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