1
|
Wang C, Wang W, Liu X, Tang Y, Wang F, Li H, Wen M, Li G, An T. Aqueous VOCs in complex water environment of oil exploitation sites: Spatial distribution, migration flux, and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135121. [PMID: 38981233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Pollution of the aqueous environment by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has caused increasing concerns. However, the occurrence and risks of aqueous VOCs in oil exploitation areas remain unclear. Herein, spatial distribution, migration flux, and environmental risks of VOCs in complex surface waters (including River, Estuary, Offshore and Aquaculture areas) were investigated at a typical coastal oil exploitation site. Among these surface waters, River was the most polluted area, and 1,2-Dichloropropane-which emerges from oil extraction activities-was the most prevalent VOC. Positive matrix factorization showed that VOCs pollution sources changed from oil exploitation to offshore disinfection activities along River, Estuary, Offshore and Aquaculture areas. Annual volatilization of VOCs to the atmosphere was predicted to be ∼34.42 tons, and rivers discharge ∼23.70 tons VOCs into the Bohai Sea annually. Ecological risk assessment indicated that Ethylbenzene and Bromochloromethane posed potential ecological risks to the aquatic environment, while olfactory assessment indicated that VOCs in surface waters did not pose an odor exposure risk. This study provides the first assessment of the pollution characteristics of aqueous VOCs in complex aqueous environments of oil exploitation sites, highlighting that oil exploitation activities can have nonnegligible impacts on VOCs pollution profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meicheng Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao K, Wang K, Qian S, Wang S, Li F. Occurrence, removal, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives in typical wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118989. [PMID: 38677406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have a certain removal capacity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives, but some of them are discharged with effluent into the environment, which can affect the environment. Therefore, to understand the presence, sources, and potential risks of PAHs and their derivatives in WWTPs. Sixteen PAHs, three chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs), three oxidized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs), and three methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MPAHs) were detected in the influent and effluent water of three WWTPs in China. The average concentrations of their influent ∑PAHs, ∑ClPAHs, ∑OPAHs, and ∑MPAHs ranged from 2682.50 to 2774.53 ng/L, 553.26-906.28 ng/L, 415.40-731.56 ng/L, and 534.04-969.83 ng/L, respectively, and the effluent concentrations ranged from 823.28 to 993.37 ng/L, 269.43-489.94 ng/L, 285.93-463.55 ng/L, and 376.25-512.34 ng/L, respectively. The growth of heat transport and industrial energy consumption in the region has a significant impact on the level of PAHs in WWTPs. According to the calculated removal efficiencies of PAHs and their derivatives in the three WWTPs (A, B, and C), the removal rates of PAHs and their derivatives were 69-72%, 62-71%, and 68-73%, respectively, and for the substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs), the removal rates were 41-49%, 31-40%, and 33-39%, respectively; moreover, the removal rates of PAHs were greater than those of SPAHs in the WWTPs. The results obtained via the ratio method indicated that the main sources of PAHs in the influent of WWTPs were the combustion of coal and biomass, and petroleum contamination was the secondary source. In risk evaluation, there were 5 compounds for which the risk quotient was considered high ecological risk. During chronic disease evaluation, there were 11 compounds with a risk quotient considered to indicate high risk. PAHs and SPAHs with high relative molecular masses in the effluent of WWTPs pose more serious environmental hazards than their PAHs counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shifeng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Su Wang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Fengxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria at Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Li K, Wang K, Wang Z, Liu Z, Zhu S, Qu D, Zhang Y, Wang J. A novel electro-Fenton hybrid system for enhancing the interception of volatile organic compounds in membrane distillation desalination. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:189-199. [PMID: 38135387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising alternative desalination technology, but the hydrophobic membrane cannot intercept volatile organic compounds (VOCs), resulting in aggravation in the quality of permeate. In term of this, electro-Fenton (EF) was coupled with sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) in a more efficient way to construct an advanced oxidation barrier at the gas-liquid interface, so that the VOCs could be trapped in this layer to guarantee the water quality of the distillate. During the so-called EF-MD process, an interfacial interception barrier containing hydroxyl radical formed on the hydrophobic membrane surface. It contributed to the high phenol rejection of 90.2% with the permeate phenol concentration lower than 1.50 mg/L. Effective interceptions can be achieved in a wide temperature range, even though the permeate flux of phenol was also intensified. The EF-MD system was robust to high salinity and could electrochemically regenerate ferrous ions, which endowed the long-term stability of the system. This novel EF-MD configuration proposed a valuable strategy to intercept VOCs in MD and will broaden the application of MD in hypersaline wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kuiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zimou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sichao Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dan Qu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma J, Li L. VOC emitted by biopharmaceutical industries: Source profiles, health risks, and secondary pollution. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:570-584. [PMID: 37778828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical industry contributes substantially to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions, causing growing concerns and social developmental conflicts. This study conducted an on-site investigation of the process-based emission of VOCs from three biopharmaceutical enterprises. In the workshops of the three enterprises, 26 VOCs were detected, which could be sorted into 4 classes: hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Ketones were the main components of waste gases, accounting for 44.13%-77.85% of the overall VOCs. Process-based source profiles were compiled for each process unit, with the fermentation and extraction units of tiamulin fumarate being the main source of VOC emissions. Dimethyl heptanone, vinyl acetate, diethylamine, propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME), and benzene were screened as priority pollutants through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation system. Ground level concentration simulation results of the Gauss plume diffusion model demonstrated that the diffusivity of VOCs in the atmosphere was relatively high, indicating potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks 1.5-2 km downwind. Furthermore, the process-based formation potentials of ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) were determined and indicated that N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl heptanone, and PGME should be preferentially controlled to reduce the ozone formation potential, whereas the control of benzene and chlorobenzene should be prioritized to reduce the generation of SOAs. Our results provide a basis for understanding the characteristics of VOC emission by biopharmaceutical industries and their diffusion, potentially allowing the development of measures to reduce health risks and secondary pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mu L, Feng C, Li Y, Li X, Liu T, Jiang X, Liu Z, Bai H, Liu X. Emission factors and source profiles of VOCs emitted from coke production in Shanxi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122373. [PMID: 37580007 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Coking plants in China generate a substantial amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The emission factors (EFs) of VOCs from coking plants are not well known, and thus, this study characterized the VOCs in the emissions from four coking plants in Shanxi, China. The EFs of VOCs from different stages of the coking process were calculated, and coal charging exhibited the highest EFs of VOCs, followed by the flue gases from combustion of coke oven gas, wastewater treatment, coke pushing and chemical byproduct recycling. The VOCs in emissions differed by coking process. Alkanes, aromatics and alkenes were the main VOCs emitted during the coking, wastewater treatment and chemical byproduct recycling processes, respectively. To effectively control the contribution of VOCs from coking processes to secondary organic aerosols and ozone formation, attention should be given to wastewater treatment and coal loading processes. The mean annual weight of VOCs emitted from coking plants in China from 2019 to 2021 was estimated to be 32.91 Gg with coking, chemical byproduct recycling, and wastewater treatment processes accounting for 91.34%, 7.85%, and 0.80% of total VOCs, respectively. An uneven spatial distribution of VOCs emissions in China was identified, with Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Shandong being the largest contributors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Mu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China; Institute of Nuclear Environmental Science, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Chuanyang Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yangyong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Tian Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Ziye Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Huiling Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Laboratory of Compound Air Pollutions Identification and Control, Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan, 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ai Q, Gao L, Huang D, Yang J, Fu Q, Zheng X, Liu Y, Qiao L, Weng J, Zheng M. Non-target and target analysis to identify and characterize thiophenes in soil from an abandoned coking plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132444. [PMID: 37660621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
There is concern about the large amounts of aromatic compounds emitted during coking. Previous studies of coking emissions have been focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxin-like compounds, phenols, and volatile organic compounds, but previously unidentified compounds produced during coking may also harm human health. Here, the main pollutants in 69 soil samples from an abandoned coking plant were identified by non-target screening using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, long-chain alkanes, and thiophenes were dominant. High concentrations of thiophenes (benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, and benzonaphtholthiophenes) were found. Quantitative analysis of 12 thiophenes (selected because of their concentrations and detection frequencies) was performed, and the concentrations were 0.03-647 μg/g dry weight, which were extremely high compared with concentrations in soil from uncontaminated sites and other industrial sites. Dibenzothiophene and benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene were dominant, accounting for 69% of the total thiophene concentration. Thiophene profiles in very contaminated areas were different from the profile in coal but similar to the profile in tar. Thiophenes in soil at the coking plant may have been supplied in tar leaks, wastewater, coke oven gases, and exhaust gases. A toxicity assessment indicated a strong likelihood of oxidative stress being induced by exposure to multiple thiophenes at the coking plant. The results suggest that thiophene emissions from coking plants should attract more attention than currently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaofeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Chongqing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyuan Weng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang B, Li X, Chen D, Weng X, Chang Z. Development of an electronic nose to characterize water quality parameters and odor concentration of wastewater emitted from different phases in a wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119878. [PMID: 36940564 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For public health consideration, it is important to ensure the wastewater discharged from wastewater treatment plant is within the regulatory limits. This problem can be effectively solved by improving the accuracy and rapid characterization of water quality parameters and odor concentration of wastewater. In this paper, we proposed a novel solution to realize the precisive analysis of water quality parameters and odor concentration of wastewater by the electronic nose device. The main work of this paper was divided into three steps: 1) recognizing wastewater samples qualitatively from different sampling points, 2) analyzing the correlation between electronic nose response signals and water quality parameters and odor concentration, and 3) predicting the odor concentration and water quality parameters quantitatively. Combined with different feature extraction methods, support vector machine and linear discriminant analysis were applied as classifiers to recognize samples at different sampling points, which reported the best recognition rate of 98.83%. Partial least squares regression was applied to complete the second step, and R2 was reaching 0.992. As for the third step, ridge regression was used to predict water quality parameters and odor concentration with the RMSE less than 0.9476. Thus, electronic noses can be applied to determine water quality parameters and odor concentrations in the effluent discharged from wastewater plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- China Northeast Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun 130021, China
| | - Donghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China
| | - Xiaohui Weng
- Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China; School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiyong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics, Jilin University, Weihai 264401, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fan W, Sun G, Wang Q, Yang F, Gao Y, Yang M. Identifying the critical activated carbon properties affecting the adsorption of effluent organic matter from bio-treated coking wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161968. [PMID: 36739016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon is widely used to remove effluent organic matter (EfOM) from bio-treated coking wastewater. However, the critical carbon properties affecting adsorption performance are still unclear. Nine commercial powdered activated carbons (PACs) with different pore structures, surface functional groups, and surface charges were used to adsorb EfOM from bio-treated coking wastewater, which was fractionated according to their molecular weight (MW) and hydrophobicity. Good correlations were observed between the adsorption of biopolymers (MW > 20,000 Da, 7 %) and macropore volume (>50 nm), as well as between the adsorption of humics (MW = 1000 ~ Da, 36 %) and mesopore volume (2-50 nm), suggesting that the adsorption sites of EfOM depended on their molecular size. Higher isoelectric points and fewer acidic groups promoted the adsorption of the most negatively charged hydrophobic acids (HPOA, 39.5 %). According to variation partitioning analysis (VPA), mesopore-macropore greatly contributed to the adsorption capacities of EfOM (71.3 %), whereas the sum of phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl (26.3 %) and isoelectric point (12.2 %) affected the normalized adsorption capacities of EfOM. In conclusion, PAC with a higher mesopore volume, fewer acidic groups, and a higher isoelectric point was desirable for removing EfOM from bio-treated coking wastewater. This study provides guidance for the selection of PAC for the removal of EfOM from bio-treated coking wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangxi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang C, Wang W, Deng W, Zhang S, Shao S, Wen M, Li G, An T. Distribution characteristics, air-water exchange, ozone formation potential and health risk assessments of VOCs emitted from typical coking wastewater treatment process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160845. [PMID: 36526193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coking industry has been considered as important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. However, few studies have emphasized the occurrence and adverse effects of VOCs from coking wastewater treatment processes. In this research, pollution profiles of both air and water phase VOCs in a typical coking wastewater treatment plant were investigated in terms of distribution characteristics, air-water exchange, ozone formation potential (OFP) and associated human health risks. Thirty VOCs were detected in the air phase, in which benzene and naphthalene were found to be the major VOCs with total contribution of 87.81 %. Nineteen VOCs were detected in the water phase, in which benzene, naphthalene and toluene contribute most to total VOCs with total contribution of 75.1 %. The regulating tank (RT) was the major source of VOCs, and the emission rate of total VOCs from all unites was 2711.03 g/d with annual emission of 0.99 t. The emission factor was estimated to be 1.36 g VOCs/m3 wastewater. The air-water exchange was assessed using the Fugacity model, and water-to-air volatilization was predominant based on the net flux of air-water exchange. OFP evaluated by emission factor indicated that the total OFP in RT was the highest (1.52 g O3/m3 wastewater), and toluene contributed 41.8 % of the total OFP, followed by naphthalene accounting for 38.7 % The total carcinogenic risks were in the range of 8.60 × 10-6 to 2.18 × 10-3, in which the RT exceeded the significant risk threshold (>1 × 10-4). The non-carcinogenic risks of hazard quotient value in RT also exceeded the risk threshold (>1), and naphthalene was the major contributor accounting for 79.02 %. These results not only provided comprehensive knowledge on pollution profiles and environmental risks of VOCs during coking wastewater treatment processes, but also facilitated the implement of VOCs regulation and occupational health protection strategies in coking industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weiqiang Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaobin Shao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meicheng Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodrigues CSD, Guimarães V, Pereira MFR, Soares OSGP, Madeira LM. Gaseous toluene abatement by the heterogeneous Fenton-like process using iron/carbon-coated monolith as catalyst: Proof of concept. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116084. [PMID: 36067669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of toluene from a gas stream by the heterogeneous Fenton process was evaluated over a carbon-coated monolith impregnated or not with iron as catalyst in a bubble column reactor (BCR). The carbon-coated monolith support (CM) was prepared by chemical vapor deposition and the catalyst (CM impregnated with iron - herein called CM-Fe) by adsorption. In the screening of processes (absorption, adsorption and reaction), it was shown that the heterogeneous Fenton process catalyzed by CM-Fe presents the best efficiency (toluene transfer (η) = 10 × 10-3 mol, for 300 mL of liquid solution and 0.69 g of catalyst). Finally, the stability of CM and CM-Fe was evaluated, wherein ten consecutive runs were carried out, the results showing a considerable deactivation of CM during the first five cycles. In contrast, the CM-Fe sample only slightly decreases its activity from the 1st to 2nd cycle (due to a small amount of iron leached from the monolith, 0.7%), remaining stable after that, which is important for applying this technology at the industrial level. This work showed for the first time that the treatment of gaseous effluents containing organic compounds by the Fenton process (which takes place in the liquid phase) using a carbon-coated monolith impregnated with iron is plausible, so the proof of concept was successfully accomplished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S D Rodrigues
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Guimarães
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LSRE - LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LSRE - LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - O S G P Soares
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LSRE - LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis M Madeira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng L, Wei W, Zhang C, Xu X, Sha K, Meng Q, Jiang Y, Cheng S. Quantitation study on VOC emissions and their reduction potential for coking industry in China: Based on in-situ measurements on treated and untreated plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155466. [PMID: 35472356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released from coking industry are still vague, and the widely used VOC emission factors (EFs) were still from the measurements of 1990s. Hence, focusing on coking industry, we conducted an in-situ measurement campaign in several typical plants, developed a set of VOC EFs for various release units, and estimated the current emission amounts and future reduction potentials of VOC in China. The measurements show that the levels of VOC in stationary units were 63.82-9563.93 μg·m-3, and those surrounding fugitive units were 111.37-1436.36 μg·m-3. VOC emissions from stationary units were directly calculated, which deducing EFs of 11.57, 15.51, 127.13, 0.28, 0.16 g·t-1 coke respectively for coke charging, coke pushing, coke oven chimney, dry quenching, and wastewater treatment processes. Meanwhile, VOC emissions from fugitive units were simulated following the inverse dispersion method, which achieving EFs of 443.34 ± 66.31, 352.12 ± 65.81, and 718.56 ± 132.69 g·t-1 coke respectively for the coke oven leakage, byproduct recovery with VOC treatment system, and byproduct recovery without VOC treatment system. Generally, the coking plants installing VOC treatment system had total VOC EF of 953.76 g·t-1 coke, about 37.1% lower than those never considering VOC treatment (1516.25 g·t-1 coke). According to these developed EFs, the VOC emission amount from coking industry in China were estimated, slightly decreasing from 623.54 to 578.17 Gg per year, although the coke production increasing from 410.86 to 418.26 Tg during 2015-2019. In future, according to the national industrial policies, regulations and standards, technical guidelines, the VOC reduction potential of this industry in China could reach 336.9 Gg, to which headstream adjustment, process improvement, and end-of-pipe control contributed about 21.4%, 31.6%, and 47.0%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Chengzhou Zhang
- Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiuli Xu
- Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo-energy Co., Ltd, Anshan 114044, China
| | - Kechang Sha
- Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qingbo Meng
- Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo-energy Co., Ltd, Anshan 114044, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo-energy Co., Ltd, Anshan 114044, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nitrogen, oxygen-codoped hierarchically porous biochar for simultaneous enrichment and ultrasensitive determination of o-xylene and its hydroxyl metabolites in human urine by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Emission Characteristics and Ozone Formation Potential Assessment of VOCs from Typical Metal Packaging Plants. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of metal packaging, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from the packaging processes are also increasing gradually. It is necessary to research the characteristics of VOCs emissions from such important industrial source and its impact on the possible ozone formation. In this research, three typical metal packaging plants were selected, VOCs emission characteristics were investigated, and their ozone formation potential were evaluated by using maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) coefficient method. The results showed that the VOCs emission characteristics of the selected targets were obviously different. VOCs emitted from plant A and B were mainly oxygenated hydrocarbons, which accounted for 85.02% and 43.17%, respectively. Olefins (62.75%) were the main species of plant C. 2-butanone (82.67%), methylene chloride (23.00%) and ethylene (36.67%) were the major species of plant A, plant B and plant C, respectively. The OFP (ozone formation potential) value of plant B (120.49 mg/m3) was much higher than those values of plant A (643.05 mg/m3) and plant C (3311.73 mg/m3), in which para-xylene, meta-xylene, acetaldehyde and ethylene were the main contributors. The difference in OFP values indicated that water-based ink and water-based coatings should be recommended for large scale application due to less VOCs emission and low ozone formation contribution.
Collapse
|
14
|
Saber AN, Zhang H, Islam A, Yang M. Occurrence, fates, and carcinogenic risks of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two coking wastewater treatment systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147808. [PMID: 34058590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports for the first time the occurrence, fates, and carcinogenic risks of 20 substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SPAHs) and 16 priority PAH species in two coking wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) (plant E and central WWTP). The measured total concentrations of PAHs and SPAHs in raw wastewater of coking plant E were 3700 and 1200 μg·L-1, respectively, with naphthalene (1400 μg·L-1), and fluoranthene (353 μg·L-1) as dominant PAH species and 2-methylnaphthalene (167 μg·L-1), anthraquinone (133 μg·L-1), and 1-methylnaphthalene (132 μg·L-1) as dominant SPAHs. For the 11 methyl-PAHs (MPAHs), 4 oxygenated-PAHs (OPAHs), and 5 nitrated-PAHs (NPAHs) investigated, the biological wastewater treatment process removed 98.6% MPAHs, 83.9% OPAHs, and 89.1% NPAHs. Mass balance analysis result revealed that transformation was the major mechanism to remove low-molecular-weight (LMW) MPAHs (59.9-77.3%), a large part of OPAHs, including anthraquinone, methylanthraquinone, and 9-fluorenone (46.7-49.6%), and some NPAHs, including 2-nitrofluorene and 9-nitroanthrancene (52.9-59.1%). Adsorption by activated sludge mainly accounted for removing high-molecular-weight (HMW) SPAHs (59.6-71.01%). The relatively high concentrations of SPAHs in excess sludge (15,000 μg·g-1) and treated effluent (104 μg·L-1) are of great concern for their potential adverse ecological impacts. SPAHS exhibited similar behaviors in central WWTP, though the influent concentrations were much lower. The concentration levels of SPAHs in the ambient air of coking plant E and central WWTP may also pose potential lung cancer risks (LCR) to the workers through inhalation, where all studied SPAHs except 3-nitrofluoranthene and 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene exceeded the acceptable cancer risk standards (>10-6) recommended by U.S EPA. This study could help identify the ecological and healthy risks during coking wastewater treatment and provide useful information for policy-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman N Saber
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ashraful Islam
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ofman P, Skoczko I, Włodarczyk-Makuła M. Biosorption of LMW PAHs on activated sludge aerobic granules under varying BOD loading rate conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126332. [PMID: 34118540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons belong to the main priority substances for the aquatic environment. One of the emission sources of these compounds to environment is wastewater discharged from conventional wastewater treatment systems, which are not designed to cope with this type of pollution. Thus, due to the widely discussed properties of aerobic granular activated sludge in the literature - a conducted study has proven its ability to remove LMW PAHs (naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), acenaphthene (Ace), fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Phe) and anthracene (Ant)) from wastewater by biosorption process at varying loadings of organic compounds expressed as BOD (kg/kg·d) on the activated sludge mass. The maximum biosorption of Nap was 605 µg/kgd.m., Acy equals to 134 µg/kgd.m., Ace equals to 355 µg/kgd.m. Flu equals to 104 µg/kgd.m. Phe equal to 204 µg/kgd.m. and Ant equal to 173 µg/kgd.m. The study showed that the BOD loading rate is one of the factors affecting the biosorption process of LMW PAHs. However, as the amount of adsorbed LMW PAHs increased, the condition of aerobic granular activated sludge deteriorated, which was evidenced by gradual increase in the values of technological parameters of activated sludge (SVI, HRT, SRT) and a smaller increase in activated sludge dry mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ofman
- Bialystok University of Technology, 45 Wiejska Str., 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Iwona Skoczko
- Bialystok University of Technology, 45 Wiejska Str., 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu X, Hu Q, Tong Y, Li N, Ouyang S, Yang H, Xu J, Ouyang G. Sample bottle coated with sorbent as a novel solid-phase extraction device for rapid on-site detection of BTEX in water. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1152:338226. [PMID: 33648643 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a popular technique for environmental sample pretreatment. However, SPE usually requires complex sample pretreatment processes, which is time-consuming and inconvenient for real-time and on-site monitoring. Herein, a solvent-free, rapid, and user-friendly SPE device was developed by coating the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/divinylbenzene (DVB) sorbent on the inner wall of a sample bottle. The extraction process and desorption process were both carried out in the bottle. The analytes trapped in the sorbent were thermally desorbed and simultaneously sucked out from the bottle by an air sampling tube equipped on field-portable GC-MS. Different to previous work, the sample pretreatment process didn't require any complicated and time-consuming steps, such as centrifugation or filtration. The total analysis time for each sample was less than 25 min, which was feasible for rapid on-site detection, and thus avoided the losses and contamination of samples in conventional sample storage and transportation processes. Under optimal conditions, the proposed SPE method exhibited wide linear ranges, low detection limits (0.010-0.036 μg L-1, which were much lower than the maximum levels restricted by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Chinese GB3838-2002 standard), good intra-bottle repeatability (6.13-7.17%, n = 3) and satisfactory inter-bottle reproducibility (4.73-6.47%, n = 3). Finally, the method was successfully applied to the rapid detection of BTEX in the field. The recoveries of BTEX in spiked water samples ranged from 89.1% to 116.2%. This work presents a novel SPE approach for rapid on-site monitoring in water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Qingkun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Yuanjun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Nan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Sai Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, PR China
| | - Huangsheng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moufid M, Hofmann M, El Bari N, Tiebe C, Bartholmai M, Bouchikhi B. Wastewater monitoring by means of e-nose, VE-tongue, TD-GC-MS, and SPME-GC-MS. Talanta 2020; 221:121450. [PMID: 33076073 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of wastewater and air pollution has become an important risk factor for citizens, not only in terms of problems related to health risks, but also because of its negative impact on the country's image. For this reason, malodorous emission monitoring and control techniques are in high demand in urban areas and industries. The aim of this work is first to build an electronic nose (e-nose) and a Voltammetric Electronic tongue (VE-tongue) in order to study their ability to discriminate between polluted and clean environmental samples. Secondly, Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), and Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) are utilized to explain this discrimination by identifying specific compounds from these samples. Indeed, the e-nose, consisted of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, is used for the assessment of the studied odorous air and headspace samples from water and wastewater sites. Moreover, the VE-tongue, based on metal electrodes, is utilized to determine the patterns of the sensor array responses, which serve as fingerprints profiles of the analyzed liquid samples. Chemometric tools, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are operated for the processing of data from the e-nose and the VE-tongue. By using the both systems, the analyses of headspace and liquid samples from the seven sites allow better discrimination. To explain the cause of the obtained discrimination, TD-GC-MS and SPME-GC-MS analyses are well performed to identify compounds related sites. According to these outcomes, the proposed e-nose and VE-tongue are proved to be rapid and valuable tools for analysis of environmental polluted matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Moufid
- Sensor Electronic & Instrumentation Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University of Meknes, B.P., 11201, Zitoune, Meknes, Morocco; Biotechnology Agroalimentary and Biomedical Analysis Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University of Meknes, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, 50003 Meknes, Morocco
| | - Michael Hofmann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 8.1 Sensors, Measurement and Testing Methods, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nezha El Bari
- Biotechnology Agroalimentary and Biomedical Analysis Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University of Meknes, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, 50003 Meknes, Morocco
| | - Carlo Tiebe
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 8.1 Sensors, Measurement and Testing Methods, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartholmai
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 8.1 Sensors, Measurement and Testing Methods, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benachir Bouchikhi
- Sensor Electronic & Instrumentation Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University of Meknes, B.P., 11201, Zitoune, Meknes, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|