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Fan R, Ma Y, Cao W, Jin S, Liu B, Wang W, Li H, Gong W. New insights into black carbon light absorption enhancement: A comprehensive analysis of two differential behaviors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124175. [PMID: 38761879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
High uncertainty in optical properties of black carbon (BC) involving heterogeneous chemistry has recently attracted increasing attention in the field of atmospheric climatology. To fill the gap in BC optical knowledge so as to estimate more accurate climate effects and serve the response to global warming, it is beneficial to conduct site-level studies on BC light absorption enhancement (Eabs) characteristics. Real-time surface gas and particulate pollutant observations during the summer and winter over Wuhan were utilized for the analysis of Eabs simulated by minimum R squared (MRS), considering two distinct atmospheric conditions (2015 and 2017). In general, differences in aerosol emissions led to Eabs differential behaviors. The summer average of Eabs (1.92 ± 0.55) in 2015 was higher than the winter average (1.27 ± 0.42), while the average (1.11 ± 0.20) in 2017 summer was lower than that (1.67 ± 0.69) in winter. Eabs and RBC (representing the mass ratio of non-refractory constituents to elemental carbon) constraints suggest that Eabs increased with the increase in RBC under the ambient condition enriched by secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA), with a maximum growth rate of 70.6% in 2015 summer. However, Eabs demonstrated a negative trend against RBC in 2017 winter due to the more complicated mixing state. The result arose from the opposite impact of hygroscopic SIA and absorbing OC/irregular distributed coatings on amplifying the light absorbency of BC. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis revealed a robust positive correlation (R > 0.9) between aerosol chemical compositions (including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium and secondary organic carbon), which could be significantly perturbed by only a small fraction of absorbing materials or restructuring BC through gaps filling. The above findings not only deepen the understanding of BC, but also provide useful information for the scientific decision-making in government to mitigate particulate pollution and obtain more precise BC radiative forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Wenxiang Cao
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shikuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Boming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wei Gong
- School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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Tang MX, He LY, Xia SY, Jiang Z, He DY, Guo S, Hu RZ, Zeng H, Huang XF. Coarse particles compensate for missing daytime sources of nitrous acid and enhance atmospheric oxidation capacity in a coastal atmosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170037. [PMID: 38232856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Large missing sources of daytime atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO), a vital source of hydroxyl radicals (OH) through its photolysis, frequently exist in global coastal regions. In this study, ambient HONO and relevant species were measured at a coastal site in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, during October 2019. Relatively high concentrations (0.32 ± 0.19 ppbv) and daytime peaks at approximately 13:00 of HONO were observed, and HONO photolysis was found to be the dominant (55.5 %) source of the primary OH production. A budget analysis of HONO based on traditional sources suggested large unknown sources during the daytime (66.4 %), which had a significant correlation with the mass of coarse particles (PM2.5-10) and photolysis frequency (J(NO2)). When incorporating photolysis of the abundant nitrate measured in coarse particles with a reasonable enhancement factor relative to fine particles due to favorable aerosol conditions, the missing daytime sources of HONO could be fully compensated by coarse particles serving as the largest source at this coastal site. Our study revealed great potential of coarse particles as a strong daytime HONO source, which has been ignored before but can efficiently promote NOx recycling and thus significantly enhance atmospheric oxidation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xue Tang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ling-Yan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shi-Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dong-Yi He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ren-Zhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Huang J, Cai A, Wang W, He K, Zou S, Ma Q. The Variation in Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of PM 2.5 before, during, and after COVID-19 Restrictions in Zhengzhou, China. TOXICS 2024; 12:81. [PMID: 38251036 PMCID: PMC10819188 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in air quality during and after COVID-19 restrictions, haze continued to occur in Zhengzhou afterwards. This paper compares ionic compositions and sources of PM2.5 before (2019), during (2020), and after (2021) the restrictions to explore the reasons for the haze. The average concentration of PM2.5 decreased by 28.5% in 2020 and 27.9% in 2021, respectively, from 102.49 μg m-3 in 2019. The concentration of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs) was 51.87 μg m-3 in 2019, which decreased by 3.1% in 2020 and 12.8% in 2021. In contrast, the contributions of SIAs to PM2.5 increased from 50.61% (2019) to 68.6% (2020) and 61.2% (2021). SIAs contributed significantly to PM2.5 levels in 2020-2021. Despite a 22~62% decline in NOx levels in 2020-2021, the increased O3 caused a similar NO3- concentration (20.69~23.00 μg m-3) in 2020-2021 to that (22.93 μg m-3) in 2019, hindering PM2.5 reduction in Zhengzhou. Six PM2.5 sources, including secondary inorganic aerosols, industrial emissions, coal combustion, biomass burning, soil dust, and traffic emissions, were identified by the positive matrix factorization model in 2019-2021. Compared to 2019, the reduction in PM2.5 from the secondary aerosol source in 2020 and 2021 was small, and the contribution of secondary aerosol to PM2.5 increased by 13.32% in 2020 and 12.94% in 2021. In comparison, the primary emissions, including biomass burning, traffic, and dust, were reduced by 29.71% in 2020 and 27.7% in 2021. The results indicated that the secondary production did not significantly contribute to the PM2.5 decrease during and after the COVID-19 restrictions. Therefore, it is essential to understand the formation of secondary aerosols under high O3 and low precursor gases to mitigate air pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinting Huang
- College of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Aomeng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Weisi Wang
- Henan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Kuan He
- College of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Shuangshuang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qingxia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Zuo H, Jiang Y, Yuan J, Wang Z, Zhang P, Guo C, Wang Z, Chen Y, Wen Q, Wei Y, Li X. Pollution characteristics and source differences of VOCs before and after COVID-19 in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167694. [PMID: 37832670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
During the outbreak of the COVID-19, the change in the way of people's living and production provided the opportunity to study the influence of human activity on Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. Therefore, this study analyzed VOCs concentration and composition characteristics in urban area of Beijing from 2019 to 2020. The results showed that the concentration of VOCs in Chaoyang district in 2020 was 73.1ppbv, lower than that in 2019 (92.8ppbv), and alkanes (45 % and 47 %) were the most dominant components. The concentrations of isopentane, n-pentane, n-hexane, and OVOCs significantly increased in 2020. According to the results of the PMF model, the contribution of VOCs from vehicle and pharmaceutical-related emissions increased to 45.8 % and 27.1 % in 2020, while coal combustion decreased by 23.7 %. This is likely linked to the strict implementation of the coal conversion policy, as well as the increment in individual travel and pharmaceutical production during the pandemic. The calculation results of OFP and SOAFP indicated that toluene had an increased impact on the formation of O3 and SOA in the Chaoyang district in 2020. Notably, VOCs emitted by vehicles have the highest potential for secondary generation. In addition, VOCs from vehicles and industries pose the greatest health risks, together accounting for 77.4 % and 79.31 % of the total carcinogenic risk in 2019 and 2020. Although industrial emission with the high proportions of halocarbons was controlled to some extent during the pandemic, the carcinogenic risk in 2020 was 3.74 × 10-6, which still exceeded the acceptable level, and more attention and governance efforts should be given to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Yuchun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, State of Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Puzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ye Chen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Qing Wen
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150006, China.
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Hou Z, Zhou Q, Xie Y, Mo F, Kang W, Wang Q. Potential contribution of chlorella vulgaris to carbon-nitrogen turnover in freshwater ecosystems after a great sandstorm event. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116569. [PMID: 37422116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban lakes represent important land-water and nature-human dual interfaces that promote the cycling of elements from terrestrials to sediments and consequently modulating the stabilization of regional climate. However, whether disturbances caused by extreme weather events can have substantial effects on carbon-nitrogen (C-N) cycling in these ecosystems are vague. To explore the impact of phytoplankton on the ecological retention time of C-N, two kinds of freshwater (natural and landscape) were collected and conducted a microcosm experiment using a freshwater algal species Chlorella vulgaris. Sandstorm events increased dissolved inorganic carbon in freshwater (65.55 ± 3.09 and 39.46 ± 2.51 mg·L-1 for samples from Jinyang and Nankai, respectively) and significantly affected the relevant pathways of photosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris, including enhancing chlorophyll fluorescence (The effective quantum yield of PSII at the fifth day of incubation was 0.34 and 0.35 for Nankai and Jinyang, respectively), promoting the synthesis of sugars and inhibiting the synthesis of glycine and serine related proteins. Besides, carbon from plant biomass accumulation and cellular metabolism (fulvic acid-like, polyaromatic-type humic acid and polycarboxylate-type humic acid, etc.) was enriched into residues and become a kind of energy source for the decomposer (TC mass increased by 1.63-2.13 times after 21 days of incubation). This means that the accumulation and consumption of carbon and nitrogen in the residue can be used to track the processes controlling the long-term C-N cycle. Our findings shed light on the plant residues were key factors contributing to the formation of water carbon pool, breaks the traditional theory that dissolved carbonates cannot produce carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yingying Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Fan Mo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weilu Kang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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6
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Jin Q, Luo Y, Meng X, Feng M, Huang C. Short- and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on urban PM 2.5 variations: Evidence from a megacity, Chengdu. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2023; 294:119479. [PMID: 36407874 PMCID: PMC9664768 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As the new coronavirus pandemic enters its third year, its long-term impact on the urban environment cannot be ignored, especially in megacities with more than millions of people. Here, we analyzed the changes in the concentration levels, emission sources, temporal variations and holiday effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical components in the pre- and post-epidemic eras based on high-resolution, long time-series datasets of PM2.5 and its chemical components in Chengdu. In the post-epidemic era, the PM2.5 concentration in Chengdu decreased by 7.4%, with the components of PM2.5 decreasing to varying degrees. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) results indicated that the emissions from soil dust and industrial production were significantly lower during the COVID-19 lockdown period and post-epidemic era than those in the pre-epidemic era. In contrast, the contribution of secondary aerosols to PM2.5 during these two periods increased by 2.7% and 6.6%, respectively. Notably, we found that PM2.5 and its components substantially decreased on workdays and holidays in the post-epidemic era due to the reduced traffic volume and outdoor activities. This provides direct evidence that changes in the habitual behavior patterns of urban residents in the post-epidemic era could exert an evident positive impact on the urban environment. However, the higher PM2.5 concentration was observed due to the increased consumption of regular (As4S4, Xionghuang in Chinese) and "sulfur incense" during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday in the post-epidemic era. Finally, we examined the potential effects of sporadic COVID-19 outbreaks on the PM2.5 concentration in Chengdu, and there was no decrease in PM2.5 during two local COVID-19 outbreak events due to the strong influence of secondary pollution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yina Luo
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction & Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Management, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Miao Feng
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Chengmin Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Ma Q, Wang W, Wu Y, Wang F, Jin L, Song X, Han Y, Zhang R, Zhang D. Haze caused by NO x oxidation under restricted residential and industrial activities in a mega city in the south of North China Plain. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135489. [PMID: 35777547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of secondary aerosol species, including nitrate and sulfate, induces severe haze in the North China Plain. However, despite substantial reductions in anthropogenic pollutants due to severe restriction of residential and industrial activities in 2020 to stop the spread of COVID-19, haze still formed in Zhengzhou. We compared ionic compositions of PM2.5 during the period of the restriction with that immediately before the restriction and in the comparison period in 2019 to investigate the processes that caused the haze. The average concentration of PM2.5 was 83.9 μg m-3 in the restriction period, 241.8 μg m-3 before the restriction, and 94.0 μg m-3 in 2019. Nitrate was the largest contributor to the PM2.5 in all periods, with an average mass fraction of 24%-30%. The average molar concentration of total nitrogen compounds (NOx + nitrate) was 0.89 μmol m-3 in the restriction period, which was much lower than that in the non-restriction periods (1.85-2.74 μmol m-3). In contrast, the concentration of sulfur compounds (SO2 + sulfate) was 0.34-0.39 μmol m-3 in all periods. The conversion rate of NOx to nitrate (NOR) was 0.35 in the restriction period, significantly higher than that before the restriction (0.26) and in 2019 (0.25). NOR was higher with relative humidity in 40-80% in the restriction period than in the other two periods, whereas the conversion rate of SO2 to sulfate did not, indicating nitrate formation was more efficient during the restriction. When O3 occupied more than half of the oxidants (Ox = O3 + NO2), NOR increased rapidly with the ratio of O3 to Ox and was much higher in the daytime than nighttime. Therefore, haze in the restriction period was caused by increased NOx-to-nitrate conversion driven by photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Ma
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Weisi Wang
- Henan Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Liyuan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yan Han
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
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Harrison RM, Beddows DCS, Tong C, Damayanti S. Non-linearity of secondary pollutant formation estimated from emissions data and measured precursor-secondary pollutant relationships. NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE 2022; 5:71. [PMID: 36120117 PMCID: PMC9471023 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-022-00297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to predict the impacts of reductions in air pollutant emissions, it is important to know whether secondary pollutant concentrations will decline in direct proportion to the reduction in their precursor, referred to as linearity. Trends in airborne concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, and SOC at sites in southern England are compared with emissions and concentration trends for sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), and non-methane VOC, and show some increased ratios of concentrations to emissions, strongly suggestive of non-linearity in the primary-secondary pollutant relationships for nitrate, but not the other pollutants. Analysis of a further 20-year dataset from the AGANET network shows a decline of nitrate concentrations significantly lower than that of NO x emissions and ambient NO x concentrations. For sulfate, the decline lies between that of emissions and airborne concentrations of SO2. Back trajectory analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function mapping for 2014-2018 show that the highest concentrations of secondary constituents in southern England are associated with air masses originating in mainland Europe, with 42% of sulfate, 55% of nitrate, and 35% of SOC estimated to be associated with air masses entering the UK from the European mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy M. Harrison
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - David C. S. Beddows
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Chengxu Tong
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Seny Damayanti
- School of Geography Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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Zhou M, Li Y, Zhang F. Spatiotemporal Variation in Ground Level Ozone and Its Driving Factors: A Comparative Study of Coastal and Inland Cities in Eastern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159687. [PMID: 35955043 PMCID: PMC9367812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Variations in marine and terrestrial geographical environments can cause considerable differences in meteorological conditions, economic features, and population density (PD) levels between coastal and inland cities, which in turn can affect the urban air quality. In this study, a five-year (2016-2020) dataset encompassing air monitoring (from the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre), socioeconomic statistical (from the Shandong Province Bureau of Statistics) and meteorological data (from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Information, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) was employed to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and underlying drivers of urban ozone (O3) in Shandong Province, a region with both land and sea environments in eastern China. The main research methods included the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model and wavelet analysis. From 2016 to 2019, the O3 concentration increased year by year in most cities, but in 2020, the O3 concentration in all cities decreased. O3 concentration exhibited obvious regional differences, with higher levels in inland areas and lower levels in eastern coastal areas. The MGWR analysis results indicated the relationship between PD, urbanization rate (UR), and O3 was greater in coastal cities than that in the inland cities. Furthermore, the wavelet coherence (WTC) analysis results indicated that the daily maximum temperature was the most important factor influencing the O3 concentration. Compared with NO, NO2, and NOx (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), the ratio of NO2/NO was more coherent with O3. In addition, the temperature, the wind speed, nitrogen oxides, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exerted a greater impact on O3 in coastal cities than that in inland cities. In summary, the effects of the various abovementioned factors on O3 differed between coastal cities and inland cities. The present study could provide a scientific basis for targeted O3 pollution control in coastal and inland cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
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Zhu A, Wang D, Chen Y, Guo Z. Optimization of the Beijing Economy-Energy-Emissions System 2021-2035: A Scenario Simulation Analysis Based on a System Dynamics Model. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221118231. [PMID: 35975589 PMCID: PMC10358702 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221118231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper constructs an Economy-Energy-Emissions (3E) System Dynamics Model using the megacity of Beijing, China, as an example, to estimate the effects of different policy scenarios (including three single-policy scenarios and four combined-policy scenarios) on the core variables of Beijing's 3E system from 2021 to 2035. The results suggest two main points. (1) Following the current development trend, the proportion of the GDP represented by the added value of advanced high-precision industries (Gao Jing Jian in Chinese) will only be 43% in 2035, implying a limited role in promoting economic growth. Despite effective control of total energy consumption, fossil energy's share of total consumption will reach 57% by 2035, hindering the process of making the energy consumption structure cleaner and leading to failure to achieve the targeted inflection point in CO2 emissions by 2025. PM2.5 control shows some successful results and will decrease to 19 μg/m3 in 2035. However, a gap compared to other world-class cities remains. (2) The implementation of a single policy for either industrial structure optimization, energy structure transformation, or emissions control cannot simultaneously meet the goal of high-quality coordinated development of Beijing's 3E system, whereas the comprehensive implementation of policies in all three dimensions is demonstrably effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfeng Zhu
- China Center for Agricultural Policy, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Daojuan Wang
- Business School, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Yinghan Chen
- School of Economics and Management, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Zhengquan Guo
- School of Economics and Management, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100144, China
- Beijing Urban Governance Research Center, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China
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Xiaoqi W, Wenjiao D, Jiaxian Z, Wei W, Shuiyuan C, Shushuai M. Nonlinear influence of winter meteorology and precursor on PM 2.5 based on mathematical and numerical models: A COVID-19 and Winter Olympics case study. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2022; 278:119072. [PMID: 35340808 PMCID: PMC8940722 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution during the COVID-19 epidemic in Beijing and its surrounding regions has received substantial attention. We collected observational data, including air pollutant concentrations and meteorological parameters, during January and February from 2018 to 2021. A statistical and a numerical model were applied to identify the formation of air pollution and the impact of emission reduction on air quality. Relative humidity, wind speed, SO2, NO2, and O3 had nonlinear effects on the PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, among which the effects of relative humidity, NO2, and O3 were prominent. During the 2020 epidemic period, high pollution concentrations were closely related to adverse meteorological conditions, with different parameters having different effects on the three pollution processes. In general, the unexpected reduction of anthropogenic emissions reduced the PM2.5 concentration, but led to an increase in the O3 concentration. Multi-scenario simulation results showed that anthropogenic emission reduction could reduce the average PM2.5 concentration after the Chinese Spring Festival, but improvement during days with heavy pollution was limited. Considering that O3 enhances the PM2.5 levels, to achieve the collaborative improvement of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, further research should explore the collaborative emission reduction scheme with VOCs and NOx to achieve the collaborative improvement of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations. The conclusions of this study provide a basis for designing a plan that guarantees improved air quality for the 2022 Winter Olympics and other international major events in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiaoqi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Duan Wenjiao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhu Jiaxian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Cheng Shuiyuan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Mao Shushuai
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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Zhan J, Feng Z, Liu P, He X, He Z, Chen T, Wang Y, He H, Mu Y, Liu Y. Ozone and SOA formation potential based on photochemical loss of VOCs during the Beijing summer. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117444. [PMID: 34090068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are easily degraded by oxidants during atmospheric transport. Therefore, the contribution of VOCs to ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation at a receptor site is different from that in a source area. In this study, hourly concentrations of VOCs and other pollutants, such as O3, NOx, HONO, CO, and PM2.5, were measured in the suburbs (Daxing district) of Beijing in August 2019. The photochemical initial concentrations (PICs), in which the photochemical losses of VOCs were accounted for, were calculated to evaluate the contribution of the VOCs to O3 and SOA formation. The mean (±standard deviation) measured VOC concentrations and the PICs were 11.2 ± 5.7 and 14.6 ± 8.4 ppbv, respectively, which correspond to O3 formation potentials (OFP) of 57.8 ± 26.3 and 103.9 ± 109.4 ppbv and SOA formation potentials (SOAP) of 8.4 ± 4.1 and 10.3 ± 7.4 μg m-3, respectively. Alkenes contributed 80.5% of the consumed VOCs, followed by aromatics (13.3%) and alkanes (6.2%). The contributions of the alkenes and aromatics to the OFPPICs were 56.8% and 30.3%, respectively; while their corresponding contributions to the SOAPPICs were 1.9% and 97.3%, respectively. The OFPPICs was linearly correlated with the observed O3 concentrations (OFPPICs = 41.5 + 1.40 × cO3, R2 = 0.87). The O3 formation was associated with a VOC-limited regime at the receptor site based on the measured VOCs and changed to a transition regime and a NOx sensitive regime based on the PIC. Our results suggest that more attention should be paid to biogenic VOCs when studying O3 formation in summer in Beijing, while the control of anthropogenic aromatic compounds should be given priority in terms of SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Zhan
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zeming Feng
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhouming He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Hong He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujing Mu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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