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Lai X, Duan W, Zhang W, Peng Z, Wang X, Wang H, Qi X, Pi H, Chen K, Yan L. Integrative analysis of microbiome and metabolome revealed the effect of microbial inoculant on microbial community diversity and function in rhizospheric soil under tobacco monoculture. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0404623. [PMID: 38989997 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04046-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Over-application of chemical fertilizers and continuous cropping obstacles seriously restrict the sustainable development of tobacco production. Localized fertilization of beneficial microbes has potential advantages in achieving higher productivity, but the underlying biological mechanisms of interactions between rhizospheric microorganisms and the related metabolic cycle remain poorly characterized. Here, an integrative analysis of microbiomes with non-targeted metabolomics was performed on 30 soil samples of rhizosphere, root surrounding, and bulk soils from flue-cured tobacco under continuous and non-continuous monocropping systems. The analysis was conducted using UPLC-MS/MS platforms and high-throughput amplicon sequencing targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS gene. The microbial inoculant consisted of Bacillus subtilis, B. velezensis, and B. licheniformis at the ratio of 1:1:1 in effective microbial counts, improved the cured leaf yield and disease resistance of tobacco, and enhanced nicotine and nitrogen contents of tobacco leaves. The bacterial taxa Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonadaceae, and Burkholderiaceae of the phylum Proteobacteria accumulated in high relative abundance and were identified as biomarkers following the application of the microbial inoculant. Under continuous monocropping, metabolomics demonstrated that the application of the microbial inoculant significantly affected the soil metabolite spectrum, and the differential metabolites were significantly enriched to the synthesis and degradation of nicotine (nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from nicotinic acid). In addition, microbes were closely related to the accumulation of metabolites through correlation analysis. The interactions between plant roots and rhizospheric microorganisms provide valuable information for understanding how these beneficial microbes affect complex biological processes and the adaption capacity of plants to environments.IMPORTANCEThis study elaborated on how the microbial fertilizer significantly changed overall community structures and metabolite spectrum of rhizospheric microbes, which provide insights into the process of rhizosphere microbial remolding in response to continuous monocropping. we verified the hypothesis that the application of the microbial inoculant in continuous cropping would lead to the selection of distinct microbiota communities by establishing models to correlate biomarkers. Through correlation analysis of the microbiome and metabolome, we proved that rhizospheric microbes were closely related to the accumulation of metabolites, including the synthesis and degradation of nicotine. The interactions between plant roots and rhizospheric microorganisms provide valuable information for understanding how these beneficial microbes affect complex biological processes and the adaption capacity of plants to environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Lai
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Wangjun Duan
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyou Zhang
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Zhengsong Peng
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co. Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Qi
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Huaqiang Pi
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Kailu Chen
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Liangshan, China
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Yang X, Yin ML, Huan ZL, Zhu YB, Zhao SP, Xi HL. Microecological characteristics of water bodies/sediments and microbial remediation strategies after 50 years of pollution exposure in ammunition destruction sites in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118640. [PMID: 38479720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The effects of long-term ammunition pollution on microecological characteristics were analyzed to formulate microbial remediation strategies. Specifically, the response of enzyme systems, N/O stable isotopes, ion networks, and microbial community structure/function levels were analyzed in long-term (50 years) ammunition-contaminated water/sediments from a contamination site, and a compound bacterial agent capable of efficiently degrading trinitrotoluene (TNT) while tolerating many heavy metals was selected to remediate the ammunition-contaminated soil. The basic physical and chemical properties of the water/sediment (pH (up: 0.57-0.64), nitrate (up: 1.31-4.28 times), nitrite (up: 1.51-5.03 times), and ammonium (up: 7.06-70.93 times)) were changed significantly, and the significant differences in stable isotope ratios of N and O (nitrate nitrogen) confirmed the degradability of TNT by indigenous microorganisms exposed to long-term pollution. Heavy metals, such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cs, and Sb, have synergistic toxic effects in ammunition-contaminated sites, and significantly decreased the microbial diversity and richness in the core pollution area. However, long-term exposure in the edge pollution area induced microorganisms to use TNT as a carbon and nitrogen sources for life activities and growth and development. The Bacteroidales microbial group was significantly inhibited by ammunition contamination, whereas microorganisms such as Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Comamonadaceae gradually adapted to this environmental stress by regulating their development and stress responses. Ammunition pollution significantly affected DNA replication and gene regulation in the microecological genetic networks and increased the risk to human health. Mg and K were significantly involved in the internal mechanism of microbial transport, enrichment, and metabolism of TNT. Nine strains of TNT-utilizing microbes were screened for efficient TNT degradation and tolerance to typical heavy metals (copper, zinc and lead) found in contaminated sites, and a compound bacterial agent prepared for effective repair of ammunition-contaminated soil significantly improved the soil ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Mao-Ling Yin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zheng-Lai Huan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yong-Bing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - San-Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Hai-Ling Xi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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Colas S, Marie B, Morin S, Milhe-Poutingon M, Foucault P, Chalvin S, Gelber C, Baldoni-Andrey P, Gurieff N, Fortin C, Le Faucheur S. New sensitive tools to characterize meta-metabolome response to short- and long-term cobalt exposure in dynamic river biofilm communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171851. [PMID: 38518822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics is a non-a priori analysis of biomolecules that characterizes the metabolome variations induced by short- and long-term exposures to stressors. Even if the metabolite annotation remains lacunar due to database gaps, the global metabolomic fingerprint allows for trend analyses of dose-response curves for hundreds of cellular metabolites. Analysis of dose/time-response curve trends (biphasic or monotonic) of untargeted metabolomic features would thus allow the use of all the chemical signals obtained in order to determine stress levels (defense or damage) in organisms. To develop this approach in a context of time-dependent microbial community changes, mature river biofilms were exposed for 1 month to four cobalt (Co) concentrations (from background concentration to 1 × 10-6 M) in an open system of artificial streams. The meta-metabolomic response of biofilms was compared against a multitude of biological parameters (including bioaccumulation, biomass, chlorophyll a content, composition and structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities) monitored at set exposure times (from 1 h to 28 d). Cobalt exposure induced extremely rapid responses of the meta-metabolome, with time range inducing defense responses (TRIDeR) of around 10 s, and time range inducing damage responses (TRIDaR) of several hours. Even in biofilms whose structure had been altered by Co bioaccumulation (reduced biomass, chlorophyll a contents and changes in the composition and diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities), concentration range inducing defense responses (CRIDeR) with similar initiation thresholds (1.41 ± 0.77 × 10-10 M Co2+ added in the exposure medium) were set up at the meta-metabolome level at every time point. In contrast, the concentration range inducing damage responses (CRIDaR) initiation thresholds increased by 10 times in long-term Co exposed biofilms. The present study demonstrates that defense and damage responses of biofilm meta-metabolome exposed to Co are rapidly and sustainably impacted, even within tolerant and resistant microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Colas
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France.
| | - Benjamin Marie
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN "Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes", Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Foucault
- UMR 7245 CNRS/MNHN "Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes", Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; UMR7618 iEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Siann Chalvin
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau, France
| | | | | | | | - Claude Fortin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Canada
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Corredor D, Duchicela J, Flores FJ, Maya M, Guerron E. Review of Explosive Contamination and Bioremediation: Insights from Microbial and Bio-Omic Approaches. TOXICS 2024; 12:249. [PMID: 38668472 PMCID: PMC11053648 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Soil pollution by TNT(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX(hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane), and HMX(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine), resulting from the use of explosives, poses significant challenges, leading to adverse effects such as toxicity and alteration of microbial communities. Consequently, there is a growing need for effective bioremediation strategies to mitigate this damage. This review focuses on Microbial and Bio-omics perspectives within the realm of soil pollution caused by explosive compounds. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, reviewing 79 articles meeting bibliometric criteria from the Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2013 to 2023. Additionally, relevant patents were scrutinized to establish a comprehensive research database. The synthesis of these findings serves as a critical resource, enhancing our understanding of challenges such as toxicity, soil alterations, and microbial stress, as well as exploring bio-omics techniques like metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in the context of environmental remediation. The review underscores the importance of exploring various remediation approaches, including mycorrhiza remediation, phytoremediation, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation. Moreover, an examination of patented technologies reveals refined and efficient processes that integrate microorganisms and environmental engineering. Notably, China and the United States are pioneers in this field, based on previous successful bioremediation endeavors. This review underscores research's vital role in soil pollution via innovative, sustainable bioremediation for explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Corredor
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
| | - Jessica Duchicela
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
| | - Francisco J. Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito 170147, Ecuador
| | - Maribel Maya
- Departamento de Ciencias Económicas, Administrativas y de Comercio, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
| | - Edgar Guerron
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, ESPE, Sangolqui 171103, Ecuador;
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Zhou F, Pan Y, Zhang X, Deng G, Li X, Xiong Y, Tang L. Accumulation patterns of tobacco root allelopathicals across different cropping durations and their correlation with continuous cropping challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1326942. [PMID: 38533406 PMCID: PMC10963442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1326942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Continuous cropping challenges have gradually emerged as pivotal factors limiting the sustainable development of agricultural production. Allelopathicals are considered to be the primary obstacles. However, there is limited information on allelopathic accumulation across various continuous cropping years and its correlation with the associated challenges. Methods Tobacco was subjected to varying planting durations: 1 year (CR), 5 years (CC5), 10 years (CC10), and 15 years (CC15). Results Our findings unveiled discernible disparities in tobacco growth patterns across diverse continuous cropping periods. Notably, the most pronounced challenges were observed in the CC5 category, characterized by yield reduction, tobacco black shank outbreaks, and a decline in beneficial flora. Conversely, CC15 exhibited a substantial reduction in challenges as the continuous cropping persisted with no significant differences when compared to CR. Within the tobacco rhizosphere, we identified 14 distinct allelopathic compounds, with 10 of these compounds displaying noteworthy variations among the four treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that eight allelopathic compounds exhibited autotoxic effects on tobacco growth, with MA, heptadecanoic acid, and VA ranking as the most potent inhibitors. Interaction network highlighted the pivotal roles of VA and EA in promoting pathogen proliferation and impeding the enrichment of 13 beneficial bacterial genera. Furthermore, a structural equation model elucidated that MA and EA primarily exert direct toxic effects on tobacco, whereas VA fosters pathogen proliferation, inhibits the enrichment of beneficial bacteria, and synergistically exacerbates the challenges associated with continuous cropping alongside EA. Discussion These findings suggested discernible disparities in tobacco growth patterns across the various continuous cropping periods. The most pronounced challenges were observed in CC5, whereas CC15 exhibited a substantial reduction in challenges as continuous cropping persisted. VA may play a pivotal role in this phenomenon by interacting with pathogens, beneficial bacterial genera, and EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yihong Pan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Guobing Deng
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yubin Xiong
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Kumar V, Ameen F, Verma P. Unraveling the shift in bacterial communities profile grown in sediments co-contaminated with chlorolignin waste of pulp-paper mill by metagenomics approach. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1350164. [PMID: 38529176 PMCID: PMC10961449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1350164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulp-paper mills (PPMs) are known for consistently generating a wide variety of pollutants, that are often unidentified and highly resistant to environmental degradation. The current study aims to investigate the changes in the indigenous bacterial communities profile grown in the sediment co-contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants discharged from the PPMs. The two sediment samples, designated PPS-1 and PPS-2, were collected from two different sites. Physico-chemical characterization of PPS-1 and PPS-2 revealed the presence of heavy metals (mg kg-1) like Cu (0.009-0.01), Ni (0.005-0.002), Mn (0.078-0.056), Cr (0.015-0.009), Pb (0.008-0.006), Zn (0.225-0.086), Fe (2.124-0.764), Al (3.477-22.277), and Ti (99.792-45.012) along with high content of chlorophenol, and lignin. The comparative analysis of organic pollutants in sediment samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of major highly refractory compounds, such as stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid; 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol; heptacosane; dimethyl phthalate; hexachlorobenzene; 1-decanol,2-hexyl; furane 2,5-dimethyl, etc in sediment samples which are reported as a potential toxic compounds. Simultaneously, high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA genes, resulted in the identification of 1,249 and 1,345 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) derived from a total of 115,665 and 119,386 sequences read, in PPS-1 and PPS-2, respectively. Analysis of rarefaction curves indicated a diversity in OTU abundance between PPS-1 (1,249 OTUs) and PPS-2 (1,345 OTUs). Furthermore, taxonomic assignment of metagenomics sequence data showed that Proteobacteria (55.40%; 56.30%), Bacteoidetes (11.30%; 12.20%), and Planctomycetes (5.40%; 4.70%) were the most abundant phyla; Alphproteobacteria (20.50%; 23.50%), Betaproteobacteria (16.00%; 12.30%), and Gammaproteobacteria were the most recorded classes in PPS-1 and PPS-2, respectively. At the genus level, Thiobacillus (7.60%; 4.50%) was the most abundant genera grown in sediment samples. The results indicate significant differences in both the diversity and relative abundance of taxa in the bacterial communities associated with PPS-2 when compared to PPS-1. This study unveils key insights into contaminant characteristics and shifts in bacterial communities within contaminated environments. It highlights the potential for developing efficient bioremediation techniques to restore ecological balance in pulp-paper mill waste-polluted areas, stressing the importance of identifying a significant percentage of unclassified genera and species to explore novel genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Fan H, Huang Z, Feng C, Wu Z, Tian Y, Ma F, Li H, Huang J, Qin X, Zhou Z, Zhang X. Functional keystone taxa promote N and P removal of the constructed wetland to mitigate agricultural nonpoint source pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169155. [PMID: 38065493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Characterized by irregular spatial and temporal variations of pollutant loading and complex occurrence mechanisms, agricultural nonpoint source pollution (ANPSP) has always been a great challenge in field restoration worldwide. Returning farmlands to wetlands (RFWs) as an ecological restoration mode among various constructed wetlands was selected to manage ANPSP in this study. Triarrhena lutarioriparia, Nelumbo nucifera and Zizania latifolia monocultures were designed and the water pollutants was monitored. N. nucifera and Z. latifolia could reach the highest TN (53.28 %) and TP (53.22 %) removal efficiency, respectively. By 16s high-throughput sequencing of rhizosphere bacteria, 45 functional species were the main contributors for efficient N and P removal, and 38 functional keystone taxa (FKT) were found with significant ecological niche roles and metabolic functions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the microbial driving N and P removal mechanism in response to ANPSP treated by field scale RFWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Zhongliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Chongling Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Zijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Yuxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 410004, PR China.
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Zhou X, Yao Q, Li N, Xia M, Deng Y. Multi-Omics Strategies to Investigate the Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine in Rhodococcus sp. Strain DN22. Microorganisms 2023; 12:76. [PMID: 38257903 PMCID: PMC10820124 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is an energetic and persistent explosive with long-lasting properties. Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22 has been discovered to be a microbe capable of degrading RDX. Herein, the complete genome of Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22 was sequenced and analyzed. The entire sequences of genes that encoded the two proteins participating in RDX degradation in Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22 were obtained, and were validated through proteomic data. In addition, few studies have investigated the physiological changes and metabolic pathways occurring within Rhodococcus sp. cells when treated with RDX, particularly through mass spectrometry-based omics. Hence, proteomic and metabolomic analyses were carried out on Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22 with the existence or lack of RDX in the medium. A total of 3186 proteins were identified between the two groups, with 115 proteins being significantly differentially expressed proteins. There were 1056 metabolites identified in total, among which 130 metabolites were significantly different. Through the combined analysis of differential proteomics and metabolomics, KEGG pathways including two-component system, ABC transporters, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, purine metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and phosphotransferase system (PTS), were observed to be significantly enriched. These findings provided ponderable perspectives on the physiological alterations and metabolic pathways in Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22, responding to the existence or lack of RDX. This study is anticipated to expand the knowledge of Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22, as well as advancing understanding of microbial degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhe Zhou
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Qifa Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nuomin Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Min Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.)
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Gao H, Chen J, Wang C, Wang P, Wang R, Feng B. Regulatory mechanisms of submerged macrophyte on bacterial community recovery in decabromodiphenyl ether contaminated sediment: Microbiological and metabolomic perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122616. [PMID: 37757929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether contamination in sediments poses serious threats to human health and ecological safety. Despite the broad application of submerged macrophytes for remediating pollutants, their regulatory influence on bacterial communities in contaminated sediments remains unclear. Herein, we analyzed the effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and Hydrilla verticillata on sediment bacterial community and function using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and sediment metabolomics. Results showed that BDE-209 significantly inhibited sediment bacterial diversity and metabolic functions. It also enhanced bacterial interactions and altered both the bacterial community and metabolite composition. Uridine and inosine were critical metabolites that positively co-occurred with bacterial taxa inhibited by BDE-209. Notably, planting H. verticillata effectively alleviated the adverse impacts of BDE-209 by reducing its residuals, increasing the total organic carbon, and modifying metabolic profiles. Such mitigation was evidenced by enhancing bacterial diversity, restoring metabolic functions, and attenuating bacterial interactions. However, mitigation effectiveness depended on treatment time. Additionally, propionic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid may facilitate the restoration of phylum Proteobacteria and class Planctomycetacia in H. verticillata planted sediment. Together, these findings improve understanding of BDE-209's impacts on aquatic ecosystems and provide valuable insights for ecological restoration using submerged macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
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Yang X, Zhao SP, Xi HL. Defense mechanisms of alfalfa against cyclic tetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165585. [PMID: 37467987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to the environmental toxicity and ecological risk caused by cyclic tetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) pollution in military activity sites. In this study, the response mechanism of alfalfa plants to HMX was analyzed from the aspects of the photosynthetic system, micromorphology, antioxidant enzyme system, mineral metabolism, and secondary metabolism, in order to improve the efficiency of plant restoration. Exposure to 5 mg·L-1 HMX resulted in a significant increase in leaf N content and a significant increase and drift of the Fourier transform infrared protein peak area. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed damage to the root system subcellular morphology, but the plant leaves effectively resisted HMX pressure, and the photosynthetic parameters essentially maintained steady-state levels. The root proline content decreased significantly by 23.1-47.2 %, and the root reactive oxygen species content increased significantly by 1.66-1.80 fold. The roots regulate the transport/absorption of many elements that impart stress resistance, and Cu, Mn, and Na uptake is significantly associated with secondary metabolism. The metabolism of roots was upregulated in general by HMX exposure, with the main differences appearing in the content of lipids and lipid-like molecules, further confirming damage to the root biofilm structure. HMX causes an imbalance in the energy supply from oxidative phosphorylation in roots and generates important biomarkers in the form of pyrophosphate and dihydrogen phosphate. Interestingly, HMX had no significant effect on basic metabolic networks (i.e., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle), confirming that alfalfa has good stress resistance. Alfalfa plants apparently regulate multiple network systems to resist/overcome HMX toxicity. These findings provide a scientific basis for improving plant stress tolerance and understanding the HMX toxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - San-Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Hai-Ling Xi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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11
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Dietz-Vargas C, Valenzuela-Ibaceta F, Carrasco V, Pérez-Donoso JM. Solid medium for the direct isolation of bacterial colonies growing with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:271. [PMID: 37358740 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria is a key step for the study of microbiological diversity, metabolic pathways, and bioremediation. However current strategies lack simplicity and versatility. We developed an easy method for the screening and isolation of bacterial colonies capable of degrading hydrocarbons, such as diesel or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well as the pollutant explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The method uses a two-layer solid medium, with a layer of M9 medium, and a second layer containing the carbon source deposited through the evaporation of ethanol. Using this medium we grew hydrocarbon-degrading strains, as well as TNT-degrading isolates. We were able to isolate PAHs-degrading bacterial colonies directly from diesel-polluted soils. As a proof of concept, we used this method to isolate a phenanthrene-degrading bacteria, identified as Acinetobacter sp. and determined its ability to biodegrade this hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Dietz-Vargas
- Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Valenzuela-Ibaceta
- Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Carrasco
- Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M Pérez-Donoso
- Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República #330, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Yang X, Zhao SP, Xi HL. Physiological response mechanism of alfalfa seedlings roots to typical explosive cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107756. [PMID: 37216824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the physiological response mechanism of alfalfa seedlings roots to a typical explosive, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), so as to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation. The response of plants to different levels of RDX were analyzed from the perspectives of mineral nutrition and metabolic networks. Exposure to RDX at 10-40 mg L-1 had no significant effect on root morphology, but the plant roots significantly accumulated RDX in solution (17.6-40.9%). A 40 mg L-1 RDX exposure induced cell gap expansion and disrupted root mineral metabolism, The key response elements, P, Cu, and Mg, were significantly increased by 1.60-1.66, 1.74-1.90, and 1.85-2.50 times, respectively. The 40 mg L-1 RDX exposure also significantly disturbed root basal metabolism, resulting in a total of 197 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). The main response metabolites were lipids and lipid-like molecules, and the key physiological response pathways were arginine biosynthesis and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. A total of 19 DEMs in root metabolic pathways, including L-arginine, L-asparagine, and ornithine, were significantly responsive to RDX exposure. The physiological response mechanism of roots to RDX therefore involve mineral nutrition and metabolic networks and are of great significance for improving phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - San-Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Hai-Ling Xi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Feng H, Wang R, Zhou L, Li N, He Y, Yang X, Lai J, Chen K, Zhu W. Non-targeted metabolomics and 16s rDNA reveal the impact of uranium stress on rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of ryegrass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 258:107090. [PMID: 36565664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a radioactive heavy metal element with a long half-life, uranium causes environmental pollution when it enters the surrounding soil. This study analyzed the changes about soil enzyme activity, non-targeted metabolomics, microbial community structure and function microbial community structure and function to assess the differences in the effects of uranium stress on rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. Results showed that uranium stress significantly inhibited the activities of urease and sucrase in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere, which had less effect on rhizosphere. Compare to the non-rhizosphere soil, the uranium stress induced the production of gibberellin A1, to promoted several metabolic pathways, such as nitrogen and PTS (Phosphotransferase system) metabolic in rhizosphere soil. The species and abundance of Aspergillus, Acidobacter, and Synechococcus in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were decreased by uranium stress. However, the microorganisms in rhizosphere soil were less inhibited according to the soil metabolism and microbial network map analysis. Furthermore, the Chujaibacter in rhizosphere soil under uranium stress was found significantly positively correlated with lipid and organic oxygen compounds. Overall, the results indicated that ryegrass roots significantly alleviated the effects of uranium stress on soil microbial activity and population abundances, thus playing a protective role. The study also provided a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of the biological effects, prevention and control mechanisms of uranium-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Huachuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yizhou He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jinlong Lai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Wenkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Life Science and Engineering, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, National Co-innovation Center for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Environmental Safety, Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Key Laboratory of Defense, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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14
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Luo J, Li Y, Cao H, Zhu Y, Liu X, Li H, Liao X. Variations of microbiota in three types of typical military contaminated sites: Diversities, structures, influence factors, and co-occurrence patterns. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130290. [PMID: 36335906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Contamination with energetic compounds (ECs) is common in military sites and poses a great risk to the environment and human health. However, its effects on the soil bacterial communities remain unclear. This study assessed the variations of bacterial communities, co-occurrence patterns, and their influence factors in three types of typical military-contaminated sites (artillery range, military-industrial site, and ammunition destruction site). The results showed that the most polluted sites were ammunition destruction sites, followed by military-industrial sites, whereas pollution in the artillery ranges was minimal. The average concentrations of ECs including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) in the study sites ranged 120-1.67 × 105, 20-7.20 × 104, and 180-2.38 × 105 μg/kg, respectively. Bacterial diversity and community structure in military-industrial and ammunition destruction sites were significantly changed, but not in artillery ranges. TNT, pH, and soil moisture are the critical factors affecting bacterial communities in contaminated military sites. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that the pressure of ECs affected bacterial interactions and microbiota function. Our findings provide new insights into the variations in bacterial communities in EC-contaminated military sites and references for the bioremediation of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hongying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing 100101, China.
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15
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Klapec DJ, Czarnopys G, Pannuto J. Interpol review of the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2023; 6:100298. [PMID: 36685733 PMCID: PMC9845958 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Klapec
- Arson and Explosives Section I, United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Greg Czarnopys
- Forensic Services, United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Julie Pannuto
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
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16
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Li S, Fan W, Xu G, Cao Y, Zhao X, Hao S, Deng B, Ren S, Hu S. Bio-organic fertilizers improve Dendrocalamus farinosus growth by remolding the soil microbiome and metabolome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117355. [PMID: 36876063 PMCID: PMC9975161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic and microbial fertilizers have potential advantages over inorganic fertilizers in improving soil fertility and crop yield without harmful side-effects. However, the effects of these bio-organic fertilizers on the soil microbiome and metabolome remain largely unknown, especially in the context of bamboo cultivation. In this study, we cultivated Dendrocalamus farinosus (D. farinosus) plants under five different fertilization conditions: organic fertilizer (OF), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bio-fertilizer (Ba), Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov bio-fertilizer (BmK), organic fertilizer plus Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bio-fertilizer (OFBa), and organic fertilizer plus Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov bio-fertilizer (OFBmK). We conducted 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to evaluate the soil bacterial composition and soil metabolic activity in the different treatment groups. The results demonstrate that all the fertilization conditions altered the soil bacterial community composition. Moreover, the combination of organic and microbial fertilizers (i.e., in the OFBa and OFBmK groups) significantly affected the relative abundance of soil bacterial species; the largest number of dominant microbial communities were found in the OFBa group, which were strongly correlated with each other. Additionally, non-targeted metabolomics revealed that the levels of soil lipids and lipid-like molecules, and organic acids and their derivatives, were greatly altered under all treatment conditions. The levels of galactitol, guanine, and deoxycytidine were also markedly decreased in the OFBa and OFBmK groups. Moreover, we constructed a regulatory network to delineated the relationships between bamboo phenotype, soil enzymatic activity, soil differential metabolites, and dominant microbial. The network revealed that bio-organic fertilizers promoted bamboo growth by modifying the soil microbiome and metabolome. Accordingly, we concluded that the use of organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, or their combination regulated bacterial composition and soil metabolic processes. These findings provide new insights into how D. farinosus-bacterial interactions are affected by different fertilization regiments, which are directly applicable to the agricultural cultivation of bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmeng Li
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Suwei Hao
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Siyuan Ren
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
| | - Shanglian Hu
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.,Engineering Research Center for Biomass Resource Utilizaiton and Modification of Sichuan Province, Mianyang, China
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17
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Xue P, Liu X, Zhao L, Zhang J, He Z. Integrating high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics to investigate the stereoselective responses of soil microorganisms to chiral fungicide cis-epoxiconazole. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134198. [PMID: 35248591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of the chiral triazole fungicide cis-epoxiconazole in agricultural production continues to increase; however, little is known about the stereoselective and toxic responses of soil microorganisms to cis-epoxiconazole in the soil microenvironment. High-throughput sequencing and metabolomics were integrated to investigate the stereoselective response of soil microbial community structure, metabolic profile to cis-epoxiconazole exposure, and the correlation between the microbiomes and different metabolites. Soil microbial community structure and soil metabolic profile were significantly altered and exhibited significant enantioselectivity. The alpha diversity (Chao, Shannon, and Simpson diversity) of bacterial and fungus was not significantly affected, whereas the beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and PLS-DA) of bacterial and fungus was significantly altered in treatment of cis-epoxiconazole and its enantiomers (p-value < 0.05). The variation in bacterial and fungus community structure was the highest under (+)-enantiomer exposure, followed by exposure to racemate and (-)-enantiomer. Soil metabolomic analysis revealed that exposure to high or low doses of cis-epoxiconazole and its enantiomers resulted in different degrees of reprogramming of the soil metabolic pool. The 39 significantly changed metabolites mainly included small molecular organic acids, amino acids and their intermediates, and purine and adenosine intermediates. Six metabolic pathways were significantly disrupted. Different correlation patterns were observed between the significantly altered metabolites and microbes (p-value < 0.05) by Pearson correlation-based analysis. In conclusion, as xenobiotic pollutant, epoxiconazole altered the structure and metabolism of soil microorganisms with significant stereoselectivity mainly driven by 2R, 3S-(+)-cis-epoxiconazole. This study provided a more robust assessment of the risks of epoxiconazole exposure to soil microorganisms. Given the importance of the soil environment in agricultural production, characterization of the soil microbiome and metabolome can provide new insights into the ecological risks posed by exposure to the chiral triazole pesticide cis-epoxiconazole and its enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xue
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China
| | - Liuqing Zhao
- SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Zeying He
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
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18
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Yang X, Lai JL, Zhang Y, Luo XG. Toxicity analysis of TNT to alfalfa's mineral nutrition and secondary metabolism. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1273-1284. [PMID: 35305132 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa has the ability to degrade TNT. TNT exposure caused root disruption of mineral nutrient metabolism. The exposure of TNT imbalanced basal cell energy metabolism. The mechanism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) toxicity effects was analyzed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings by examining the mineral nutrition and secondary metabolism of the plant roots. Exposure to 25-100 mg·L-1 TNT in a hydroponic solution for 72 h resulted in a TNT absorption rate of 26.8-63.0%. The contents of S, K, and B in root mineral nutrition metabolism increased significantly by 1.70-5.46 times, 1.38-4.01 times, and 1.40-4.03 times, respectively, after TNT exposure. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the roots identified 189 significantly upregulated metabolites and 420 significantly downregulated metabolites. The altered metabolites were primarily lipids and lipid-like molecules, and the most significant enrichment pathways were alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. TNT itself was transformed in the root system into several intermediate products, including 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4',6,6'-tetranitro-2',4-azoxytoluene, 4,4',6,6'-tetranitro-2,2'-azoxytoluene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene. Overall, TNT exposure disturbed the mineral metabolism balance, and significantly interfered with basic plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jin-Long Lai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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19
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Ni S, Zhang H, Sun L, Zhao Y, Pei C, Nie Y, Liu X, Wu L, Xu A. Transgenerational reproductive toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its metabolite 4-ADNT in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 92:103865. [PMID: 35436606 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) as an energetic compound widely used in military applications has aroused great concerns in recent years due to its large-scale contamination in soil and water; however, its toxicity is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the reproductive toxicity and the transgenerational effects of TNT on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Our data showed that exposure to TNT at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 ng/mL resulted in decreasing the lifespan, brood size, number of oocytes and eggs in uterus, while increasing the number of germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans. The apoptotic effects of TNT were blocked in mutants of cep-1 (w40), egl-1 (n487), and hus-1 (op241), indicating conserved genotoxic response genes was involved in mediating TNT-induced germ cell apoptosis. Parental exposure to TNT significantly increased the germ cell apoptosis from P0 to F2 generation, but the toxicity faded away in F3 and F4 generations. Furthermore, TNT was rapidly metabolized in P0, and the accumulation of 4-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), the main metabolite of TNT in C. elegans, showed a significant decrease from P0 to F1 and a slow decrease in the subsequent generations. Our results demonstrated that ingested TNT can cause severe transgenerational reproductive toxicity and be rapidly converted to 4-ADNT in the nematodes. These data provided basis for future studies on the effects of energetic compounds across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyao Ni
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lingyan Sun
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Pei
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yaguang Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - An Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
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20
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Yang X, Lai JL, Zhang Y, Luo XG. Reshaping the microenvironment and bacterial community of TNT- and RDX-contaminated soil by combined remediation with vetiver grass (Vetiveria ziznioides) and effective microorganism (EM) flora. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152856. [PMID: 34998745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Explosive pollutants remaining in global soils are serious threats to human health and ecological safety. Soils contaminated by trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) are simulated in this study and remediated using vetiver grass and effective microorganism (EM) flora to determine the efficacy of combined remediation in reshaping the microenvironment and bacterial community of soils contaminated by explosives. The degradation rates of TNT and RDX after 60 days of combined remediation were 95.66% and 84.37%, respectively. Soil microbial activity and enzyme activities related to the nitrogen cycle were upregulated. The content of soil elements in the remediation group changed significantly. Vetiver remediation increased the diversity and significantly changed the structure of the microbial community. Notably, bacteria, such as Sphingomonadaceae and Actinobacteriota, which can degrade explosives, occupied the soil niche, and the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, which are involved in sugar metabolism, showed particularly increased abundance. The metabolism of soil carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids was upregulated in the vetiver, EM flora, and combined vetiver+EM flora remediation groups, and the most significantly upregulated pathway was galactose metabolism. The combined vetiver and EM flora treatment of soil contaminated by explosives greatly improved the ecology of the soil microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jin-Long Lai
- College of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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21
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Wu C, Ma Y, Wang D, Shan Y, Song X, Hu H, Ren X, Ma X, Luo J, Cui J, Ma Y. Microbiology combined with metabonomics revealing the response of soil microorganisms and their metabolic functions exposed to phthalic acid esters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113338. [PMID: 35228031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As microplastics became the focus of global attention, the hazards of plastic plasticizers (PAEs) have gradually attracted people's attention. Agricultural soil is one of its hardest hit areas. However, current research of its impact on soil ecology only stops at the microorganism itself, and there is still lack of conclusion on the impact of soil metabolism. To this end, three most common PAEs (Dimethyl phthalate: DMP, Dibutyl phthalate: DBP and Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: DEHP) were selected and based on high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics platforms, the influence of PAEs residues on soil metabolic functions were revealed for the first time. PAEs did not significantly changed the alpha diversity of soil bacteria in the short term, but changed their community structure and interfered with the complexity of community symbiosis network. Metabolomics indicated that exposure to DBP can significantly change the soil metabolite profile. A total of 172 differential metabolites were found, of which 100 were up-regulated and 72 were down-regulated. DBP treatment interfered with 43 metabolic pathways including basic metabolic processes. In particular, it interfered with the metabolism of residual steroids and promoted the metabolism of various plasticizers. In addition, through differential labeling and collinear analysis, some bacteria with the degradation potential of PAEs, such as Gordonia, were excavated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yongpan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xianpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hongyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xiangliang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China; Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
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22
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Bai DS, Yang X, Lai JL, Wang YW, Zhang Y, Luo XG. In situ restoration of soil ecological function in a coal gangue reclamation area after 10 years of elm/poplar phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114400. [PMID: 34995941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The soil ecological health risks and toxic effects of coal gangue accumulation were examined after 10 years of elm/poplar phytoremediation. The changes in soil enzyme activities, ionome metabolism, and microbial community structure were analyzed at shallow (5-15 cm), intermediate (25-35 cm), and deep (45-55 cm) soil depths. Soil acid phosphatase activity in the restoration area increased significantly by 4.36-7.18 fold (p < 0.05). Soil concentrations of the metal ions Cu, Pb, Ni, Co, Bi, U, and Th were significantly reduced, as were concentrations of the non-metallic element S. The repair effect was shallow > middle > deep. The soil community structure, determined by 16S diversity results, was changed significantly in the restoration area, and the abundance of microorganisms increased at shallow soil depths. Altererythrobacter and Sphingomonas species were at the center of the microbial weight network in the restoration area. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that S and Na are important driving forces for the microbial community distributions at shallow soil depths. The KEGG function prediction indicated enhancement of the microbial function of the middle depth soil layers in the restoration area. Overall, phytoremediation enhanced the biotransformation of soil phosphorus in the coal gangue restoration area, reduced the soil content of several harmful metal elements, significantly changed the structure and function of the microbial community, and improved the overall soil ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Bai
- College of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jin-Long Lai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Yi-Wang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xue-Gang Luo
- College of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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23
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Gu Z, Feng K, Li Y, Li Q. Microbial characteristics of the leachate contaminated soil of an informal landfill site. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132155. [PMID: 34517241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because informal landfills are not constructed in a regulated manner, they will inevitably become a source of leachate pollution to the surrounding environment over time. Microbes are an important part of the soil system, playing a vital role in maintaining the normal functionality of soil. This study investigated the microbial composition and co-occurrence pattern in the leachate contaminated soil of an informal landfill site. The landfill leachate underwent horizontal and vertical migration through the contaminated soil, resulting in significant differences in the microbial compositions of horizontal surface soil (CS) and vertical subsurface soil (DS and ES) compared to uncontaminated soil (S). The microbial diversity of CS, DS, and ES was lower than that of S. Due to the migration of landfill leachate, the microbial composition of the surface soil was substantially changed. The dominant phyla in S included Proteobacteria (26.88%), Chloroflexi (23.68%), Actinobacteroita (17.36%), and Acidobacteroita (16.86%), but in contaminated soils, Firmicutes (35.27-86.68%) were the dominant bacteria. A network analysis indicated that Bacilli, Clostridia, and Thermacetogeniazai of the Firmicutes were the keystone taxa and played a vital role in maintaining the stability of the soil ecosystem. A functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) analysis showed that the microbes involved in the C-, N-, and S-cycles in contaminated soil were significantly different to those in uncontaminated soil. The proportion of (aerobic)-chemoheterotrophy and cellulolysis functional communities in contaminated soils was significantly reduced, while there was an increase in functional communities, such as anammox and denitrification, which are not conducive to soil nitrogen fixation. This negatively affected the maintenance of normal soil ecological functions. This study identified the microbial characteristics in leachate contaminated soil and the results will be beneficial for the remediation of contaminated soil in informal landfill sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhepei Gu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, China.
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