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Cui C, Yan D, Liu M, Wang J, Chen C, Li L, Li X. Emission and distribution characteristics of PCDD/Fs during the co-processing of various solid wastes in coal-fired boilers in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124260. [PMID: 38815888 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of co-processing solid wastes in coal-fired boilers is significant for waste recycling and contributes to the sustainable development of the coal-fired power industry. However, concerns over the emission of dioxins during co-processing have prompted a comprehensive investigation into the dioxin emission properties. In this study, the PCDD/F emission concentrations of seven coal-fired boilers, including three pulverized coal boilers and four circulating fluidized bed boilers were examined. The results indicate that co-processing solid wastes in coal-fired boilers did not lead to an increase in the mass concentration of dioxins in either the flue gas or solid samples, and the international toxic equivalents (I-TEQ) of dioxins in the flue gas complied with prevailing emission standards (0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3) in China, proving that coal-fired boilers co-processing would not raise the emission risk of dioxins. The types of waste during co-processing had minimal effect on the I-TEQ of dioxins. A significant proportion of PCDD/Fs was observed in the ash samples, while only 13.0-25.7% and 0.7-6.8% of dioxins were distributed in the boiler slag and the flue gas, respectively. The emission factor of dioxins under the blank conditions ranged from 0.009 to 0.327 ng I-TEQ/kg-coal, while it ranged from 0.015 to 0.129 ng I-TEQ/kg-(coal+waste) under the co-processing conditions. The reduction of emission factor under co-processing condition could be attributed to the significant decrease of dioxins I-TEQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dahai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Meijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Research Institute of Solid Waste Management, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Fei F, Wen Z, Zhang J, Xing Y, Zhang H, Li Y. New multi-source waste co-incineration and clustering park operating model for small- and medium-sized city: A case study in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120514. [PMID: 38460330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
With improvements in urban waste management to promote sustainable development, an increasing number of waste types need to be sorted and treated separately. Due to the relatively low amount of waste generated in small- and medium-sized cities, separate treatment facilities for each waste type lack scale, waste is treated at a high cost and low efficiency. Therefore, industrial symbiosis principles are suggested to be used to guide collaborative waste treatment system of multi-source solid wastes, and co-incineration is the most commonly used technology. Most existing studies have focused on co-incineration of one certain waste type (such as sludge or medical waste) with municipal solid waste (MSW), but the systematic design and the comprehensive benefits on a whole city and park level have not been widely studied. Taking the actual operation of a multi-source waste co-incineration park in south-central China as an example, this study conducted a detailed analysis of the waste-energy-water metabolism process of MSW, sludge, food waste, and medical waste co-incineration. The environmental and economic benefits were evaluated and compared with the single decentralized waste treatment mode. The results showed that the multi-source waste co-incineration and clustering park operating model was comprehensively superior to the single treatment mode, greenhouse gases and human toxicity indicators were decreased by 11.87% and 295.74%, respectively, and the internal rate of return of the project was increased by 29.35%. This mainly benefits from the synergy of technical system and the economies of scale. Finally, this research proposed policy suggestions from systematic planning and design, technical route selection, and an innovative management mode in view of the potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fei
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zongguo Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.
| | - Jiayue Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Everbright Environmental Protection (China) Ltd, Shenzhen, 518031, China.
| | - You Li
- Everbright Envirotech (China) Ltd, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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Xia H, Tang J, Aljerf L, Cui C, Gao B, Ukaogo PO. Dioxin emission modeling using feature selection and simplified DFR with residual error fitting for the grate-based MSWI process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:256-271. [PMID: 37327519 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) with grate technology is a widely applied waste-to-energy process in various cities in China. Meanwhile, dioxins (DXN) are emitted at the stack and are the critical environmental indicator for operation optimization control in the MSWI process. However, constructing a high-precision and fast emission model for DXN emission operation optimization control becomes an immediate difficulty. To address the above problem, this research utilizes a novel DXN emission measurement method using simplified deep forest regression (DFR) with residual error fitting (SDFR-ref). First, the high-dimensional process variables are optimally reduced following the mutual information and significance test. Then, a simplified DFR algorithm is established to infer or predict the nonlinearity between the selected process variables and the DXN emission concentration. Moreover, a gradient enhancement strategy in terms of residual error fitting with a step factor is designed to improve the measurement performance in the layer-by-layer learning process. Finally, an actual DXN dataset from 2009 to 2020 of the MSWI plant in Beijing is utilized to verify the SDFR-ref method. Comparison experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over other methods in terms of measurement accuracy and time consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Loai Aljerf
- Key Laboratory of Organic Industries, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Canlin Cui
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Bingyin Gao
- Beijing GaoAnTun Waste to Energy CO., LTD, China
| | - Prince Onyedinma Ukaogo
- Analytical/Environmental Units, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
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Xia H, Tang J, Aljerf L, Wang T, Gao B, Xu Q, Wang Q, Ukaogo P. Assessment of PCDD/Fs formation and emission characteristics at a municipal solid waste incinerator for one year. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163705. [PMID: 37105483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has become a predominant emission source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs). Research focusing on the impact of operating conditions, environmental changes, and operating time on the generation and emissions of PCDD/Fs has not been resolved. To this end, this study tracked and investigated the PCDD/Fs and 17 congener emissions of a typical grate incinerator (800 t/d) continuously for one year. Results showed that the PCDD/Fs concentration at the boiler outlet, stack inlet, and bag filter, including normal and abnormal operation conditions, ranges from 2.11E-02-41.86 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, 7.00E-04-6.76 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, and 1.12-2.90E+03 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. The 2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF has the highest contribution in all samples, in which a proportion of TEQ ranged from 30 % to 77.73 %. Moreover, by applying the correlation analysis between PCDD/Fs and operating parameters, the emission characteristic is mainly affected by incinerators and boilers during the normal period, and it is affected by the whole MSWI process under abnormal conditions. In addition, the PCDD/Fs emission from the MSWI plant gradually increases from spring to winter. This study is beneficial for supporting the control of PCDD/Fs emission reduction and assisting the operators to optimize the relevant operating parameters of the MSWI plant to achieve a stable and up-to-substandard emissions during the operation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Loai Aljerf
- Key Laboratory of Organic Industries, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
| | - Tianzheng Wang
- Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Bingyin Gao
- Beijing GaoAnTun Waste to Energy CO., Ltd, China
| | - Qindong Xu
- Jiangsu WEIPU Testing Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jiangsu WEIPU Testing Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Prince Ukaogo
- Analytical/Environmental Units, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
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Tang Y, Dong J, Zhao Y, Li G, Chi Y, Weiss-Hortala E, Nzihou A, Luo G, Ye C. Hydrogen-Rich and Clean Fuel Gas Production from Co-pyrolysis of Biomass and Plastic Blends with CaO Additive. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36468-36478. [PMID: 36278101 PMCID: PMC9583305 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The treatment and disposal of waste biomass and plastics are of great importance to achieve both waste management and resource recycling. In this work, pyrolysis of biomass and plastic blends were investigated to identify the influence of temperature and in situ CaO addition on the production of hydrogen-rich, HCl-free, and low tar content fuel gases. The results show that the increase in temperature and the use of CaO significantly improved both the quantity and quality of the fuel gas and mitigated the formation of tar compounds and HCl. Moreover, H2 yield was significantly improved from 0.30 to 3.68 mmol/g with the increase in temperature from 550 to 850 °C. Also, the use of in situ CaO significantly increased the H2 yield by 28-88%. The H2/CO ratio was also enhanced from 0.35 to 1.50 with the temperature increase and CaO addition. Tar removal efficiency reached approximately 70.09% with the use of CaO at 850 °C. The produced HCl gas could be effectively absorbed by CaO through dechlorination reactions to form CaClOH at a highest mitigation efficiency of 92.37%. The results could be used to develop clean and efficient treatment technologies of waste biomass and plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Tang
- Department
of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou310023, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Zhejiang
Energy R&D Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou311121, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- PowerChina
HuaDong Engineering Co., Ltd., Hangzhou311122, China
| | - Guoneng Li
- Department
of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou310023, China
| | - Yong Chi
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Elsa Weiss-Hortala
- Ecole
des Mines d’Albi Carmaux, RAPSODEE
Research Centre, Campus
Jarlard, Albi Cedex 0981013, France
| | - Ange Nzihou
- Ecole
des Mines d’Albi Carmaux, RAPSODEE
Research Centre, Campus
Jarlard, Albi Cedex 0981013, France
| | - Guanqun Luo
- Department
of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou310023, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Department
of Energy and Environment System Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou310023, China
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Pilot Study on Removal Characteristics of Multiple Pollutants by the Dual Baghouse Filter System. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 1000 Nm3/h capacity pilot scale dual baghouse filter system was tested on flue gas and fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator, and the removal efficiency of dioxins, heavy metals and HCl was studied. Activated carbon was injected at the inlet of the first baghouse filter to remove the gas phase dioxins and heavy metals, and baking soda was injected at the inlet of the second baghouse filter to remove HCl. Concentrations of dioxins at the outlet of the first and second baghouse were 0.034 and 0.011 ng TEQ/Nm3, respectively, which were both far below the national emission standard. The particulate matter concentration was 0.85 mg/m3, and the heavy metals leaching concentration of the fly ash from the second baghouse filter was lower than the hazardous waste identification standard. HCl concentration was almost zero at the outlet of the second baghouse filter when the optimal equivalence ratio of baking soda to HCl was 1.6. In addition, the estimated fly ash yield was 2.35% of the incinerated solid waste for the dual baghouse filter system, which was significantly lower than 3.5% as the traditional semidry scrubber + single baghouse filter.
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