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Haq I, Kalamdhad AS, Malik A. Bioremediation of petroleum refinery wastewater using Bacillus subtilis IH-1 and assessment of its toxicity. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:296. [PMID: 38856816 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contamination from petroleum refinery operations has increased due to the rapid population growth and modernization of society, necessitating urgent repair. Microbial remediation of petroleum wastewater by prominent bacterial cultures holds promise in circumventing the issue of petroleum-related pollution. Herein, the bacterial culture was isolated from petroleum-contaminated sludge samples for the valorization of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and biodegradation of petroleum wastewater samples. The bacterial strain was screened and identified as Bacillus subtilis IH-1. After six days of incubation, the bacteria had degraded 25.9% of phenanthrene and 20.3% of naphthalene. The treatment of wastewater samples was assessed using physico-chemical and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, which revealed that the level of pollutants was elevated and above the allowed limits. Following bacterial degradation, the reduction in pollution parameters viz. EC (82.7%), BOD (87.0%), COD (80.0%), total phenols (96.3%), oil and grease (79.7%), TKN (68.8%), TOC (96.3%) and TPH (52.4%) were observed. The reduction in pH and heavy metals were also observed after bacterial treatment. V. mungo was used in the phytotoxicity test, which revealed at 50% wastewater concentration the reduction in biomass (30.3%), root length (87.7%), shoot length (93.9%), and seed germination (30.0%) was observed in comparison to control. When A. cepa root tips immersed in varying concentrations of wastewater samples, the mitotic index significantly decreased, suggesting the induction of cytotoxicity. However, following the bacterial treatment, there was a noticeable decrease in phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The bacterial culture produces lignin peroxidase enzyme and has the potential to degrade the toxic pollutants of petroleum wastewater. Therefore the bacterium may be immobilised or directly used at reactor scale or pilot scale study to benefit the industry and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izharul Haq
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhou N, Guo H, Zhang Z, Wang H. The discrepant metabolic pathways of PAHs by facultative anaerobic bacteria under aerobic and nitrate-reducing conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141230. [PMID: 38237784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Studies regarding the facultative anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were still in the initial stage. In this study, a facultative anaerobe which was identified as Bacillus Firmus and named as PheN7 was firstly isolated from the mixed petroleum-polluted soil samples using phenanthrene and nitrate as the solo carbon resource and electron acceptor under anaerobic condition. The degradation rates of PheN7 towards phenanthrene were detected as 33.17 μM/d, 13.81 μM/d and 7.11 μM/d at the initial phenanthrene concentration of 250.17 μM with oxygen, nitrate and sulfate as the electron acceptor, respectively. The metabolic pathways toward phenanthrene by PheN7 were deduced combining the metagenome analysis of PheN7 and intermediate metabolites of phenanthrene under aerobic and nitrate-reducing conditions. Dioxygenation and carboxylation were inferred as the initial activation reactions of phenanthrene degradation in these two pathways. This study highlighted the significance of facultative anaerobic bacteria in natural PAHs biodegradation, revealing the discrepant metabolic fates of PAHs by one solo bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haijiao Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zuotao Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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3
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Chen Q, Li Z, Chen Y, Liu M, Yang Q, Zhu B, Mu J, Feng L, Chen Z. Effects of electron acceptors and donors on anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in marine sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115925. [PMID: 38113802 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are typical organic pollutants accumulated in the environment. PAHs' bioremediation in sediments can be promoted by adding electron acceptor (EA) and electron donor (ED). Bicarbonate and sulfate were chosen as two EAs, and acetate and lactate were selected as two EDs. Six groups of amendments were added into the sediments to access their role in the anaerobic biodegradation of five PAHs, containing phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene. The concentrations of PAHs, EAs and EDs, electron transport system activity, and microbial diversity were analyzed during 126-day biodegradation in serum bottles. The HA group (bicarbonate and acetate) achieved the maximum PAH degradation efficiency of 89.67 %, followed by the SL group (sulfate and lactate) with 87.10 %. As the main PAHs degrading bacteria, the abundance of Marinobacter in H group was 8.62 %, and the addition of acetate significantly increased the abundance of Marinobacter in the HA group by 75.65 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China; National & local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China; School of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China; School of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Baikang Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China; National & local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Jun Mu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China; National & local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Computer Sciences, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1M8, Canada
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Tarigholizadeh S, Sushkova S, Rajput VD, Ranjan A, Arora J, Dudnikova T, Barbashev A, Mandzhieva S, Minkina T, Wong MH. Transfer and Degradation of PAHs in the Soil-Plant System: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:46-64. [PMID: 38108272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly toxic, persistent organic pollutants that threaten ecosystems and human health. Consistent monitoring is essential to minimize the entry of PAHs into plants and reduce food chain contamination. PAHs infiltrate plants through multiple pathways, causing detrimental effects and triggering diverse plant responses, ultimately increasing either toxicity or tolerance. Primary plant detoxification processes include enzymatic transformation, conjugation, and accumulation of contaminants in cell walls/vacuoles. Plants also play a crucial role in stimulating microbial PAHs degradation by producing root exudates, enhancing bioavailability, supplying nutrients, and promoting soil microbial diversity and activity. Thus, synergistic plant-microbe interactions efficiently decrease PAHs uptake by plants and, thereby, their accumulation along the food chain. This review highlights PAHs uptake pathways and their overall fate as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). Understanding plant uptake mechanisms, responses to contaminants, and interactions with rhizosphere microbiota is vital for addressing PAH pollution in soil and ensuring food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Tamara Dudnikova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Barbashev
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
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Zhang Z, Sun J, Gong X, Wang C, Wang H. Anaerobic biodegradation of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene by a new sulfate-reducing Desulforamulus aquiferis strain DSA. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132053. [PMID: 37482040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of anaerobic high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) biodegradation under sulfate-reducing conditions by microorganisms, including microbial species responsible for biodegradation and relative metabolic processes, remains in its infancy. Here, we found that a new sulfate-reducer, designated as Desulforamulus aquiferis strain DSA, could biodegrade pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene (two kinds of HMW-PAHs) coupled with the reduction of sulfate to sulfide. Interestingly, strain DSA could simultaneously biodegrade pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene when they co-existed in culture. Additionally, the metabolic processes for anaerobic pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene biodegradation by strain DSA were newly proposed in this study based on the detection of intermediates, quantum chemical calculations and analyses of the genome and RTqPCR. The initial activation step for anaerobic pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene biodegradation by strain DSA was identified as the formation of pyrene-2-carboxylic acid and benzo[a]pyrene-11-carboxylic acid by carboxylation Thereafter, CoA ligase, ring reduction through hydrogenation, and ring cracking occurred, and short-chain fatty acids and carbon dioxide were identified as the final products. Additionally, DSA could also utilize benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene as carbon sources. Our study can provide new guidance for the anaerobic HMW-PAHs biodegradation under sulfate-reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuotao Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Singh T, Mandal R, Chinnadurai J, Khan HA, Hussain MA, Brindhadevi K, Pugazhendhi A. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: An updated microbiological review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138498. [PMID: 36996919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A class of organic priority pollutants known as PAHs is of critical public health and environmental concern due to its carcinogenic properties as well as its genotoxic, mutagenic, and cytotoxic properties. Research to eliminate PAHs from the environment has increased significantly due to awareness about their negative effects on the environment and human health. Various environmental factors, including nutrients, microorganisms present and their abundance, and the nature and chemical properties of the PAH affect the biodegradation of PAHs. A large spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and algae have ability to degrade PAHs with the biodegradation capacity of bacteria and fungi receiving the most attention. A considerable amount of research has been conducted in the last few decades on analyzing microbial communities for their genomic organization, enzymatic and biochemical properties capable of degrading PAH. While it is true that PAH degrading microorganisms offer potential for recovering damaged ecosystems in a cost-efficient way, new advances are needed to make these microbes more robust and successful at eliminating toxic chemicals. By optimizing some factors like adsorption, bioavailability and mass transfer of PAHs, microorganisms in their natural habitat could be greatly improved to biodegrade PAHs. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the latest findings and address the current wealth of knowledge in the microbial bioremediation of PAHs. Additionally, recent breakthroughs in PAH degradation are discussed in order to facilitate a broader understanding of the bioremediation of PAHs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, 110029, India; Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Tripti Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201309, India
| | - Ramkrishna Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeganathan Chinnadurai
- Department of Research and Development, Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, No. 24, 5th Cross, Thanthaiperiyar Nagar, Ellapillaichavadi, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Hilal Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Mir Ashiq Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali,140103, India.
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Chen C, Zhang Z, Xu P, Hu H, Tang H. Anaerobic biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115472. [PMID: 36773640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although many anaerobic microorganisms that can degrade PAHs have been harnessed, there is still a large gap between laboratory achievements and practical applications. Here, we review the recent advances in the biodegradation of PAHs under anoxic conditions and highlight the mechanistic insights into the metabolic pathways and functional genes. Achievements of practical application and enhancing strategies of anaerobic PAHs bioremediation in soil were summarized. Based on the concerned issues during research, perspectives of further development were proposed including time-consuming enrichment, byproducts with unknown toxicity, and activity inhibition with low temperatures. In addition, meta-omics, synthetic biology and engineering microbiome of developing microbial inoculum for anaerobic bioremediation applications are discussed. We anticipate that integrating the theoretical research on PAHs anaerobic biodegradation and its successful application will advance the development of anaerobic bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongzhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Hou Z, Zhou Q, Mo F, Kang W, Ouyang S. Enhanced carbon emission driven by the interaction between functional microbial community and hydrocarbons: An enlightenment for carbon cycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161402. [PMID: 36638996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial communities are usually regarded as one of the key players in the global element cycling. Moreover, an important consequence of oil contamination altering the structure of microbial communities is likely to result in an increased carbon emission. However, understanding of the complex interactions between environmental factors and biological communities is clearly lagging behind. Here it showed that the flux of carbon emissions increased in oil-contaminated soils, up to 13.64 g C·(kg soil)-1·h-1. This phenomenon was mainly driven by the enrichment of rare degrading microorganisms (e.g., Methylosinus, Marinobacter, Pseudomonas, Alcanivorax, Yeosuana, Halomonas and Microbulbifer) in the aerobic layer, rather than the anaerobic layer, which is more conducive to methane formation. In addition, petroleum hydrocarbons and environmental factors are equally important in shaping the structure of microbial communities (the ecological stability) and functional traits (e.g., fatty acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism) due to the different ecological sensitivities of microorganisms. Thus, it can be believed that the variability of rare hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms is of greater concern than changes in dominant microorganisms in oil-contaminated soil. Undoubtedly, this study could reveal the unique characterization of bacterial communities that mediate carbon emission and provide evidence for understanding the conversion from carbon stores to carbon gas release in oil-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Fan Mo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weilu Kang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shaohu Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Science Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Mu J, Chen Y, Song Z, Liu M, Zhu B, Tao H, Bao M, Chen Q. Effect of terminal electron acceptors on the anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in marine sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129569. [PMID: 35999753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The existing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine sediment has become a critical threat to biological security. Terminal electron acceptor (TEA) amendment has been applied as a potential strategy to accelerate bioremediation in sediment. HCO3-, NO3-, and SO42- were separately added to anaerobic sediment system containing five kinds of PAH, namely, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene. PAH concentration, PAH metabolites, TEA concentration, and electron transport system (ETS) activity were investigated. The HCO3- amendment group achieved the max PAH degradation efficiency of 84.98 %. SO42- group led to the highest benzo(a)pyrene removal rate of 69.26 %. NO3- had the lowest PAH degradation rate of 76.16 %. ETS activity test showed that NO3- significantly inhibited electron transport activity in the sediment. The identified PAH metabolites were the same in each group, including 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene, 3-acetylphenanthrene, 9,10-anthracenedione, pyrene-7-hydroxy-8-carboxylic acid, anthrone, and dibenzothiophene. After 126 d's anaerobic degradation at 25 °C, the utilization of HCO3- and SO42- as selected TEAs promoted the PAH biodegradation performance better than the utilization of NO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mu
- School of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China; College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhao Song
- School of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Baikang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Hengcong Tao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR, China
| | - Qingguo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
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Ambaye TG, Chebbi A, Formicola F, Prasad S, Gomez FH, Franzetti A, Vaccari M. Remediation of soil polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons and its reuse for agriculture: Recent progress, challenges, and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133572. [PMID: 35016966 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are used as raw materials in many industries and primary energy sources. However, excessive PHs act as soil pollutants, posing serious threats to living organisms. Various ex-situ or in-situ chemical and biological methods are applied to restore polluted soil. However, most of the chemical treatment methods are expensive, environmentally unfriendly, and sometimes inefficient. That attracts scientists and researchers to develop and select new strategists to remediate polluted soil through risk-based analysis and eco-friendly manner. This review discusses the sources of PHs, properties, distribution, transport, and fate in the environment, internal and external factors affecting the soil remediation and restoration process, and its effective re-utilization for agriculture. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly method for degrading PHs, specifically by using microorganisms. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are being used to monitor contaminated sites. Currently, these new technologies have caused a paradigm shift by giving new insights into the microbially mediated biodegradation processes by targeting rRNA are discussed concisely. The recent development of risk-based management for soil contamination and its challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. Furthermore, nanotechnology seems very promising for effective soil remediation, but its success depends on its cost-effectiveness. This review paper suggests using bio-electrochemical systems that utilize electro-chemically active microorganisms to remediate and restore polluted soil with PHs that would be eco-friendlier and help tailor-made effective and sustainable remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Alif Chebbi
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences -DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza, 1 - 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Formicola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences -DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza, 1 - 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Shiv Prasad
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Franco Hernan Gomez
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences -DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza, 1 - 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Mentore Vaccari
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
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