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Zhou R, Wen Y, Huo W, Kong C, Yang G, Liu H, Zhang C, Mu Y, Huang D, Li J. Eco-friendly chitosan microspheres as a novel one-step sorbent for the rapid purification and determination of pesticides and veterinary drug multi-residues in aquatic products with HPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2025; 462:140860. [PMID: 39213964 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS method was developed to determine multi-class pesticide and veterinary residues in aquatic products. Chitosan microspheres were conveniently synthesized and utilized as the cleanup adsorbent in the QuEChERS procedure, showcasing rapid filtration one-step pretreatment ability for the determination of drug multi-residues in aquatic products. Compared to conventional synthetic sorbents, chitosan microspheres not only have good purification performance, but also have renewable and degradable properties. This novel sorbent worked well in the simultaneous determination of 95 pesticides and veterinary drug residues in aquatic products after being combined with an improved one-step vortex oscillating cleanup method. We achieved recoveries ranging from 64.0% to 115.9% for target drugs in shrimp and fish matrix. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0 μg kg-1, respectively. Notably, hydrocortisone was detected with considerable frequency and concentration in the tested samples, underscoring the necessity for stringent monitoring of this compound in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidong Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Beijing 100141, PR China
| | - Yupeng Wen
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Beijing 100141, PR China
| | - Wendi Huo
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Beijing 100141, PR China
| | - Cong Kong
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Beijing 100141, PR China
| | - Chaoying Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Beijing 100141, PR China
| | - Yingchun Mu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Beijing 100141, PR China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs, Beijing 100141, PR China.
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Qian W, Yang Y, Xinyue D, Hanqi L, Lanlan C, Wenhui H, Juan-Ying L. Reducing baseline toxicity in fishery product-related sediments from land to sea: Region-specific solutions are required. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174024. [PMID: 38906300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Eastern China is a major producer of fishery products (including inland aquaculture, coastal mariculture, and coastal fishing products). The quality of the products is affected by hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in the sediments. Based on in-vitro luminescent bacterial assay, the baseline toxicity (BEQBio) of 56 common HOCs were assessed in the present study. Specifically, the BEQBio of sediments declined from land (31-400 mg/kg) to sea (9.1-270 mg/kg). However, the toxicity contribution explained by the HOCs increased gradually from land (0.70 %) to sea (10 %) using Iceberg Modeling. In the inland pond, current use HOCs (pyrethroid pesticide (PEs), organic tin (OTCs), and antibiotic) exhibited considerable concentrations, although their toxicity contribution was very small (0.076 %), thus more regulations on the use of HOCs should be proposed and further screening is needed to confirm the major toxicants. In coastal mariculture area, the toxicity contribution of current use HOCs further declined (0.010 %), whereas environmental background HOCs, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), became increasingly significant, with the contribution ratio increasing from 0.37 % to 2.4 %. To minimize the negative impacts of PAHs, optimization of energy structure in transportation and coastal industry is required. In the coastal fishing area, the phased-out persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remained a major concern, in terms of both concentration and toxicity contribution. The phased-out POPs explained 7.0 % of the toxic effects of the sediments from the coastal fishing area, due to historical residue, industrial emissions, and their high toxicities. For this reason, it is critical to improve the relevant emission regulations and standards, so as to eventually reduce the unintentional discharges of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Qian
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Dong Xinyue
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liu Hanqi
- East China Sea Ecological Center, MNR (Ministry of Natural Resources), Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Chu Lanlan
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - He Wenhui
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Li Juan-Ying
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai 201702, China.
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Chen L, Qian Y, Wang X, Jia Q, Weng R, Zhang X, Li Y, Qiu J. A nationwide characterization of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in livestock and poultry food products across China: Residual levels, origin and the associated health risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:142999. [PMID: 39097107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are still occurring in various foodstuffs after the ban on their use. However, it remains unclear concerning the contamination source of OCPs in livestock and poultry food products and associated health risks. To fill this gap, we characterized the residual levels of 19 OCPs in multiple types of meats and eggs, which were sampled across China within the same period. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were dominant in eggs, with the mean levels being 0.76 and 2.03 μg/kg for chicken eggs and duck eggs, respectively. By contrast, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were the top one OCP in beef and lamb, with its mean levels being 0.51 and 0.65 μg/kg, respectively. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was rather detected in the poultry products. The componential ratio analysis implicated recent inputs of several banned OCPs including technical HCH and DDT, HCB and aldrin in multiple regions, which may origin from local industrial activities or possible illegal use. Risk assessment based on the risk quotient method suggested that daily consumption of cooked meats and eggs contaminated by dieldrin may pose a carcinogenic risk in adult residents of Jiangsu province. We concluded that OCPs remain present in meats and eggs at levels of health concern regionally in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinglian Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Zheng T, Wang P, Hu B, Wang X, Ma J, Liu C, Li D. Gross yield driving the mass fluxes of fishery drugs: Evidence of occurrence from full aquaculture cycle in lower Yangtze River Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166581. [PMID: 37634728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Expanding aquaculture has generated pollutants like fishery drugs in wastewater, which affects the aquatic environments and hinders sustainable development of aquaculture. To evaluate the occurrence, mass fluxes and production factors of fishery drugs in aquaculture, full-aquaculture-cycle monitoring in finfish and crustacean wastewater was conducted in the lower Yangtze River Basin, and 28 pesticides and 15 antibiotics were detected. The results showed that individual fishery drugs varied from ppt to ppb levels. Among them, sulfonamides were dominant with a mean concentration of 105.95 ± 4.13 ng·L-1 in finfish aquacultural wastewater, and insecticides were prevailing in crustacean aquacultural wastewater with a content of 146.56 ± 0.66 ng·L-1. Since the susceptibility to finfish disease determined the aquaculture practice, there were significant differences between two types of aquacultural wastewater. Finfish aquacultural wastewater contained more drugs and reached peak earlier in rapid-growth period, yet crustacean aquacultural wastewater peaked at the harvest period, to prevent against disease. Meanwhile, higher ecological risk, especially for florfenicol, were found in finfish wastewater. With 6 production factors from Good Aquaculture Practice, the gross yield was the most influential factor of drug mass flux, explaining 98 % variance by stepwise regression. Apart from increasing concentrations of fishery drugs in wastewater, regional high-yield aquaculture also significantly impacted the corresponding mass flux. As estimated by linear regression, 1.63 tons of target drugs would be discharged by 1 Mt. aquatic products, and 7.77 tons were discharged from aquaculture in the lower Yangtze River Basin in 2021. This is the first report to quantify mass fluxes of fishery drugs and to highlight gross yield as the most influential factor, which provides guidance for the supervision and regulation of sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chongchong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Dingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Zhang J, Sun W, Shi C, Li W, Liu A, Guo J, Zheng H, Zhang J, Qi S, Qu C. Investigation of organochlorine pesticides in the Wang Lake Wetland, China: Implications for environmental processes and risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165450. [PMID: 37451441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Wang Lake Wetland is an important habitat for many fish and migratory birds. To explore the effect of periodic hydrological changes on the transfer and ecological risk of OCPs in the multimedia system of the wetland, eight sampling sites were selected for collecting soil (SS), sediment (SD) and water, to acquire dissolved phase (DP) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples during low- and high-flow periods. The results indicated that OCPs are pervasive in the various media of Wang Lake Wetland, and there was a significant temporal variability in concentration of ∑23OCPs in the SPM samples. Several OCPs exist certain ecological risks to aquatic organisms, but higher level of OCPs do not always equal to higher ecological risk. The residues of OCPs are largely attributed to their historical use, but recent inputs of some of them are still non-ignorable. The relatively higher values of organic carbon normalized partition coefficient (KOC) for SPM-W (KOC(SPM-W)) were obtained, which reflected the more frequent exchange of OCPs in the SPM samples. The sediment of the Wang Lake Wetland is likely to be a sink for several OCPs with high n-octanol/water partition coefficient (KOW) (e.g., DDTs and its metabolites), and high-temperature and rainfall-driven changes may promote the migration of OCPs with low KOW to the DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiahua Guo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Hesong Zheng
- Huangshi City Network Lake Wetland Nature Reserve Administration, Huangshi 435200, China
| | - Jiaquan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Xu C, Cai Y, Wang R, Wu J, Yang G, Lv Y, Liu D, Deng Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhang S. Reduced attention on restricted organochlorine pesticides, whereas still noteworthy of the impact on the deep soil and groundwater: a historical site study in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8787-8802. [PMID: 37749354 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in pesticides has been prohibited for decades in China. Since then, there have been urbanization and transformation of the functional areas of many sites, which were formerly involved in the HCH industry. However, it is possible that, unless properly managed, these sites may still contain HCH residues in the soil and thus pose a threat to the surrounding environment and the quality of groundwater. This study aimed to characterize soil residues in a typical site that was historically involved in HCH production in southern China, by analyzing the α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH contents of the soil. The results suggested that HCHs persist in the environment and can have long-term effects. It was found that α-HCH and β-HCH were present in many samples in concentrations that were comparable or higher than those specified by China's Class 1 screening values. The distribution of residues was significantly correlated with the historical HCH production activities in the areas. The characteristic ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH and β-HCH/(α + γ)-HCH at different soil depths were 1.4-3.7 and 0.21-1.04, respectively, which indicated the presence of significant localized residues of HCHs. The presence of HCHs in the soil suggested a downward migration, with concentrations rapidly decreasing in the upper layer soil (0-5 m), but a gradual increase in the deeper soil (5-14 m). HCHs were detected at depths exceeding 24 m, indicating heavy penetration. The proportions of γ-HCH and β-HCH changed with increasing soil depth, which was related to their relatively volatile and stable molecular structures, respectively. The results strongly suggested that there is widespread contamination of both soil and groundwater by HCHs even after decades. The likelihood of residual HCHs in the soil should therefore be taken into full consideration during urban planning to limit risks to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yue Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Guoyi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yahui Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Dehong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Ecoenvironmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Sim W, Nam A, Lee M, Oh JE. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from river networks, South Korea: Spatial distribution, source identification, and ecological risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94371-94385. [PMID: 37531057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the nationwide monitoring of 65 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface sediments was conducted at 77 sites in river networks in South Korea. The concentrations of ∑PCBs were relatively high in industrial sites (0.0297-138 ng/g dry weight (dw); mean 15.1 ng/g dw; median 5.44 ng/g dw), followed by industrial and agricultural (not detected (ND)-15.2 ng/g dw; mean 1.23 ng/g dw; median 0.513 ng/g dw), other sites (0.0369-0.209 ng/g dw; mean 0.116 ng/g dw; median 0.101 ng/g dw), and agricultural (0.0119-0.359 ng/g dw; mean 0.117 ng/g dw; median 0.0476 ng/g dw). The distribution and composition of PCBs in sediments are affected by past use of commercial products, atmospheric deposition, wastewater effluents, and manufacturing processes. The concentrations of ∑OCPs in industrial sites ranged from 0.0587 to 8.70 ng/g dw (mean 1.85 ng/g dw; median 0.989 ng/g dw), followed by industrial and agricultural (ND-8.54 ng/g dw; mean 0.739 ng/g dw; median 0.343 ng/g dw), other sites (0.0247-0.143 ng/g dw; mean 0.0939 ng/g dw; median 0.114 ng/g dw), and agricultural (0.00838-0.931 ng/g dw; mean 0.232 ng/g dw; median 0.0752 ng/g dw). Hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene are unintentionally generated in industries and combustion processes. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes and chlordane were dominantly distributed by historical use, whereas recent inputs (i.e., long-range transport and atmospheric deposition) were related to aldrin, heptachlor, and hexachlorocyclohexanes. The ecological risks determined by the sediment quality guidelines and mean probable effect level quotients were acceptable, except at two sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjin Sim
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeji Nam
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Nagar N, Saxena H, Pathak A, Mishra A, Poluri KM. A review on structural mechanisms of protein-persistent organic pollutant (POP) interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138877. [PMID: 37164191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the industrial revolution, the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment has become ubiquitous. POPs are halogen-containing organic molecules that accumulate, and remain in the environment for a long time, thus causing toxic effects in living organisms. POPs exhibit a high affinity towards biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, causing genotoxicity and impairment of homeostasis in living organisms. Proteins are essential members of the biological assembly, as they stipulate all necessary processes for the survival of an organism. Owing to their stereochemical features, POPs and their metabolites form energetically favourable complexes with proteins, as supported by biological and dose-dependent toxicological studies. Although individual studies have reported the biological aspects of protein-POP interactions, no comprehensive study summarizing the structural mechanisms, thermodynamics and kinetics of protein-POP complexes is available. The current review identifies and classifies protein-POP interaction according to the structural and functional basis of proteins into five major protein targets, including digestive and other enzymes, serum proteins, transcription factors, transporters, and G-protein coupled receptors. Further, analysis detailing the molecular interactions and structural mechanism evidenced that H-bonds, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions essentially mediate the formation of protein-POP complexes. Moreover, interaction of POPs alters the protein conformation through kinetic and thermodynamic processes like competitive inhibition and allostery to modulate the cellular signalling processes, resulting in various pathological conditions such as cancers and inflammations. In summary, the review provides a comprehensive insight into the critical structural/molecular aspects of protein-POP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harshi Saxena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aakanksha Pathak
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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Lai Y, Chi K, Zhou W, Hsu Y, Weng Y. Detection of organochlorine pesticides in estuarine sediments of protected wetlands in Taiwan using high‐resolution gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐electron capture detector. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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11
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Ivorra L, Cardoso PG, Chan SK, Cruzeiro C, Tagulao K. Quantification of insecticides in commercial seafood sold in East Asian markets: risk assessment for consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34585-34597. [PMID: 36515882 PMCID: PMC10017608 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extraction of 21 insecticides and 5 metabolites was performed using an optimized and validated QuEChERS protocol that was further used for the quantification (GC-MS/MS) in several seafood matrices (crustaceans, bivalves, and fish-mudskippers). Seven species, acquired from Hong Kong and Macao wet markets (a region so far poorly monitored), were selected based on their commercial importance in the Indo-Pacific region, market abundance, and affordable price. Among them, mussels from Hong Kong, together with mudskippers from Macao, presented the highest insecticide concentrations (median values of 30.33 and 23.90 ng/g WW, respectively). Residual levels of fenobucarb, DDTs, HCHs, and heptachlors were above the established threshold (10 ng/g WW) for human consumption according to the European and Chinese legislations: for example, in fish-mudskippers, DDTs, fenobucarb, and heptachlors (5-, 20- and tenfold, respectively), and in bivalves, HCHs (fourfold) had higher levels than the threshold. Risk assessment revealed potential human health effects (e.g., neurotoxicity), especially through fish and bivalve consumption (non-carcinogenic risk; ΣHQLT > 1), and a potential concern of lifetime cancer risk development through the consumption of fish, bivalves, and crustaceans collected from these markets (carcinogenic risk; ΣTCR > 10-4). Since these results indicate polluted regions, where the seafood is collected/produced, a strict monitoring framework should be implemented in those areas to improve food quality and safety of seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ivorra
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE—University of Saint Joseph, Macao, SAR China
| | - Patricia G. Cardoso
- CIIMAR/CIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Shek Kiu Chan
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE—University of Saint Joseph, Macao, SAR China
| | - Catarina Cruzeiro
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, GmbH, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karen Tagulao
- Institute of Science and Environment, ISE—University of Saint Joseph, Macao, SAR China
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Issaka E, Wariboko MA, Johnson NAN, Aniagyei OND. Advanced visual sensing techniques for on-site detection of pesticide residue in water environments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13986. [PMID: 36915503 PMCID: PMC10006482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide usage has increased to fulfil agricultural demand. Pesticides such as organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are ubiquitous in world food production. Their widespread usage has unavoidable detrimental consequences for humans, wildlife, water, and soil environments. Hence, the development of more convenient and efficient pesticide residue (PR) detection methods is of paramount importance. Visual detecting approaches have acquired a lot of interest among different sensing systems due to inherent advantages in terms of simplicity, speed, sensitivity, and eco-friendliness. Furthermore, various detections have been proven to enable real-life PR surveillance in environment water. Fluorometric (FL), colourimetric (CL), and enzyme-inhibition (EI) techniques have emerged as viable options. These sensing technologies do not need complex operating processes or specialist equipment, and the simple colour change allows for visual monitoring of the sensing result. Visual sensing techniques for on-site detection of PR in water environments are discussed in this paper. This paper further reviews prior research on the integration of CL, FL, and EI-based techniques with nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots (QDs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Smartphone detection technologies for PRs are also reviewed. Finally, conventional methods and nanoparticle (NPs) based strategies for the detection of PRs are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliasu Issaka
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Mary Adumo Wariboko
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Dermatology and Venereology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
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Chen L, Qian Y, Jia Q, Weng R, Zhang X, Li Y, Qiu J. A national-scale distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in cropland soils and major types of food crops in China: Co-occurrence and associated risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160637. [PMID: 36464042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that resist degradation in the environment. OCPs remain detectable in cropland systems in China. However, spatial distribution of OCPs across China and associated ecological and health risks, as well as the relationship between levels of OCPs in cropland soils and crops, remain to be elucidated. To fill these gaps, we conducted a national-scale characterization of 19 individual OCPs in cropland soils and food crops including cereals and legumes in China, which were on-spot sampled simultaneously. Sparse canonical correlation analysis was employed to investigate the co-occurrence of OCPs in cropland soils and corresponding food crops. The ecological soil screening levels and risk quotient method were adopted for ecological and health risk assessment, respectively. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were dominant in cropland systems, with its levels ranging up to 337 and 22.8 μg/kg in cropland soils and food crops, respectively. The mean ∑OCP levels in cropland soils varied from below the limit of detection to 337 μg/kg. Peanuts were the most contaminated crop, in which endosulfans and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were co-occurrent with those in cropland soils (correlation coefficient R = 0.999 and 0.947, respectively). Besides, lindane and β-endosulfan in rice were co-occurrent with those in cropland soils (R = 0.810 and 0.868, respectively). The componential ratio analysis indicated fresh inputs of technical DDT, lindane, chlordane, endosulfan, HCB and aldrin. Among these pesticides, ecological impacts of DDTs, lindane, aldrin and β-endosulfan could be expected. Human health risk assessment suggested that daily consumption of the OCP-contaminated food crops raises a health concern especially for male teens. It is concluded that OCPs remain present in cropland systems in China at levels that raise a concern for both environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - YongZhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinglian Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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