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Zhuang Y, Spahr S, Lutze HV, Reith CJ, Hagemann N, Paul A, Haderlein SB. Persulfate activation by biochar and iron: Effect of chloride on formation of reactive species and transformation of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). WATER RESEARCH 2024; 265:122267. [PMID: 39178590 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Fenton-like processes using persulfate for oxidative water treatment and contaminant removal can be enhanced by the addition of redox-active biochar, which accelerates the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) and increases the yield of reactive species that react with organic contaminants. However, available data on the formation of non-radical or radical species in the biochar/Fe(III)/persulfate system are inconsistent, which limits the evaluation of treatment efficiency and applicability in different water matrices. Based on competition kinetics calculations, we employed different scavengers and probe compounds to systematically evaluate the effect of chloride in presence of organic matter on the formation of major reactive species in the biochar/Fe(III)/persulfate system for the transformation of the model compound N,N‑diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) at pH 2.5. We show that the transformation of methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) to methyl phenyl sulfone (PMSO2) cannot serve as a reliable indicator for Fe(IV), as previously suggested, because sulfate radicals also induce PMSO2 formation. Although the formation of Fe(IV) cannot be completely excluded, sulfate radicals were identified as the major reactive species in the biochar/Fe(III)/persulfate system in pure water. In the presence of dissolved organic matter, low chloride concentrations (0.1 mM) shifted the major reactive species likely to hydroxyl radicals. Higher chloride concentrations (1 mM), as present in a mining-impacted acidic surface water, resulted in the formation of another reactive species, possibly Cl2•-, and efficient DEET degradation. To tailor the application of this oxidation process, the water matrix must be considered as a decisive factor for reactive species formation and contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhuang
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Department of Geosciences, Environmental Mineralogy and Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Spahr
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Department of Geosciences, Environmental Mineralogy and Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Holger V Lutze
- Institute IWAR, Chair of Environmental Analytics and Pollutants, Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Reith
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Department of Geosciences, Environmental Mineralogy and Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nikolas Hagemann
- Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland; Ithaka Institut gGmbH, Altmutterweg 21, 63773 Goldbach, Germany
| | - Andrea Paul
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Department of Geosciences, Environmental Mineralogy and Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Zhou L, Zhang G, Zeng Y, Bao X, Liu B, Cheng L. Endogenous iron-enriched biochar derived from steel mill wastewater sludge for tetracycline removal: Heavy metals stabilization, adsorption performance and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142263. [PMID: 38719127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Steel mill wastewater sludge, as an iron-enriched solid waste, was expected to be converted into iron-enriched biochar with acceptable environmental risk by pyrolysis. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the chemical speciation transformation of heavy metals in biochar under various pyrolysis temperatures and its reutilization for tetracycline (TC) removal. The experimental data indicated that pyrolysis temperature was a key factor affecting the heavy metals speciation and bioavailability in biochar, and biochar with pyrolysis temperature at 450 °C was the most feasible for reutilization without potential risk. The endogenous iron-enriched biochar (FSB450) showed highly efficient adsorption towards TC, and its maximum adsorption capacity could reach 240.38 mg g-1, which should be attributed to its excellent mesoporous structure, abundant functional groups and endogenous iron cycling. The endogenous iron was converted to a stable iron oxide crystalline phase (Fe3O4 and MgFe2O4) by pyrolysis, which underwent a valence transition to form a coordination complex with TC by electron shuttling in the FSB450 matrix. The study provides a win-win approach for resource utilization of steel wastewater sludge and treatment of antibiotic contamination in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Guanhao Zhang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Yulin Zeng
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Xunli Bao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Bei Liu
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Clinical College of Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, PR China.
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Lei Y, Pu R, Tian Y, Wang R, Naidu R, Deng S, Shen F. Novel enhanced defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acids by biochar-assisted ultrasound coupling ferrate: Performance and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130790. [PMID: 38703964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
An ultrasound (US)/biochar (BC)/ferrate (Fe (VI)) system was firstly proposed to enhance perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) defluorination. It achieved 93 % defluorination optimally, higher than the sum of 77 % (28 % and 49 % for US/BC and US/Fe (VI) respectively), implying synergistic effect. Besides, the mechanism study confirmed that, this system can not only increase the specific surface area of BC and the generation of reactive oxidant species (ROS), enriching the active sites and forming new oxygen-containing functional groups, but also promote the formation of intermediate iron species. The PFOA degradation in the US/BC/Fe (VI) was probably an adsorption-degradation process, both ROS and electron transfer promoted the defluorination. Additionally, its sustainability was also demonstrated with 14 % reduced defluorination percentage after five cycles of BC. Overall, the synergistic effect of the US/BC/Fe (VI) and its enhancing mechanism for PFOA defluorination were clarified firstly, which contributes to the development of biochar for assisting polyfluoroalkyl substances degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Lei
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ruoqi Pu
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Ruixiang Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Shihuai Deng
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Fei Shen
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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Pang W, Yao J, Knudsen TŠ, Cao Y, Ma B, Li H, Li M, Liu B. Degradation of typical flotation reagents using lead-zinc smelting slag as mediator for persulfate activation: Effect of gallic acid and Cr(VI) on the removal performance and fate of reactive oxygen species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123292. [PMID: 38182012 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
To remediate the Cr(VI)-organic co-contaminants in a non-ferrous mining area, a gallic acid (GA) accelerated lead-zinc smelting slag (LZSS, a mine-sourced waste) mediated peroxodisulfate (PDS) Fenton-like system was constructed for degradation of two typical flotation reagents (benzotriazole and N-hydroxyphthalimide). LZSS acting as an in-situ Fe source in the Fenton-like process, could continuously release Fe species, while GA as a chelate with reducing properties was able to accelerate the rate-limiting step of Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the LZSS/PDS/GA system, produced SO4•-, •OH and Fe(IV) jointly contributed to the contaminant removal through radical/nonradical pathways. However, when Cr(VI) coexisted with organic pollutants in the LZSS/PDS/GA system, the reduction of Cr(VI) consumed the electrons that otherwise would have been available for activation of PDS, resulting in fewer different ROS being produced. The increased concentration of GA, as an electron donor, promoted the production of SO4•-, but this promoting effect gradually diminished with increasing Cr(VI). Overall, the dominant ROS gradually transformed from Fe(IV) to SO4•-/•OH as the GA level increased or the Cr(VI) level decreased. Therefore, regulation of the relative roles of ROS by adjusting either the GA dosage or the Cr(VI) levels in the wastewater can improve availability of ROS for further specific removal of pollutants. This study offers an all-in-one solution for utilization of LZSS industrial waste and degradation of flotation reagents, and it also provides a new insight into the advanced environmental application of GA in remediation of Cr(VI)-organic co-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Pang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Tatjana Šolević Knudsen
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bang Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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Liu F, Cheng W, Xu J, Wang M, Wan T, Ren J, Li D, Xie Q. Promoting short-chain fatty acids production from sewage sludge via acidogenic fermentation: Optimized operation factors and iron-based persulfate activation system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140148. [PMID: 37714473 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Promoting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and ensuring the stability of SCFAs-producing process are becoming the two major issues for popularizing the acidogenic fermentation (AF). The key controlling operating and influencing factors during anaerobic fermentation process were thoroughly reviewed to facilitate better process performance prediction and to optimize the process control of SCFAs promotion. The wide utilization of iron salt flocculants during wastewater treatment could result in iron accumulating in sewage sludge which influenced AF performance. Additionally, appropriate ferric chloride (FC) could promote the SCFAs accumulation, while poly ferric sulfate (PFS) inhibited the bioprocess. Iron/persulfate (PS) system was proved to effectively enhance the SCFAs production while mechanism analysis revealed that the strong oxidizing radicals remarkably enhanced the solubilization and hydrolysis. Moreover, the changes of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH caused by iron/PS system exhibited more negative effects on the methanogens, comparing to the acidogenic bacteria. Furthermore, performance and mechanisms of different iron species-activating PS, organic chelating agents and iron-rich biochar derived from sewage sludge were also elucidated to extend and strengthen understanding of the iron/PS system for enhancing SCFAs production. Considering the large amount of generated Fe-sludge and the multiple benefits of iron activating PS system, carbon neutral wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were proposed with Fe-sludge as a promising recycling composite to improve AF performance. It is expected that this review can deepen the knowledge of optimizing AF process and improving the iron/PS system for enhancing SCFAs production and provide useful insights to researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China.
| | - Jianping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Tian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Jiehui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, NO.5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
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Chen J, Xu J, Zhong Y, Cao L, Ren L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Chen J, Lin S, Xu Q, Chen Y. MoS2 nanoflowers decorated with single Fe atoms catalytically boost the activation properties of peroxymonosulfate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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