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Chauhan AS, Singhania RR, Patel AK, Bhatia SK, Chang JS, Chen CW, Dong CD. A sustainable bioremediation of vanadium from marine environment and value-addition using potential thraustochytrids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 411:131356. [PMID: 39186987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Rising concerns about global environmental degradation underscore the pressing need for effective solutions to combat heavy metal pollution. Industries such as semiconductor and steel production discharge vanadium into marine ecosystems, posing significant risks to both marine life and human health. The current study investigates efficacy of utilizing marine thraustochytrid for efficient vanadium removal outcompeting other microbial sources. By optimizing pH and temperature conditions during harvesting, achieved a remarkable 50.80 % enhancement in vanadium removal efficiency, from 19.31 to 29.12 mg/L. Furthermore, chelating agents EDTA and citric acid supplementation demonstrated promising enhancements, reaching up to 31.21 and 32.59 mg/L, respectively. Notably, vanadium-treated biomass supplemented with citric acid exhibited maximum enhancement in lipid content, from 58.47 to 75.34 %, indicating thraustochytrid's potential for biofuel production. This study presents a sustainable approach for industrial-scale vanadium bioremediation, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals focused on dual benefits of environmental protection and renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Singh Chauhan
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Hao L, Zhou H, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Fu B, Hao X. Enhanced phytoremediation of vanadium using coffee grounds and fast-growing plants: Integrating machine learning for predictive modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122747. [PMID: 39383761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) contamination posed a significant environmental challenge, while phytoremediation offered a sustainable solution. Phytoremediation performance was often limited by the slow growth cycles of traditional plants. A novel approach to enhancing V phytoremediation by integrating coffee grounds with fast-growing plants such as barley grass, wheat grass, and ryegrass was investigated in this study. The innovative use of coffee grounds leveraged not only their nutrient-rich composition but also their ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants, thereby significantly boosting phytoremediation efficiency. Notably, ryegrass achieved 48.7% V5+ removal within 6 d with initial 20 mg/L V5+ (0.338 mg/L·d·g ryegrass). When combined with coffee grounds, V5+ removal by using wheat grass increased substantially, rising from 30.51% to 62.91%. Gradient Boosting and XGBoost models, trained with optimized parameters including a learning rate of 0.1, max depth of 3, and n_estimators of 300, were employed to predict and optimize V5+ concentrations in the phytoremediation process. These models were evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) metrics, achieving high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.95, MSE = 1.20). Feature importance analysis further identified the initial V5+ concentration and experimental duration as the most significant factors influencing the model's predictions. The addition of coffee grounds not only mitigated the stress of heavy metals on ryegrass, leading to significant reductions in CAT (87.2%), POD (98.8%), and SOD (39.2%) activities in ryegrass roots, but also significantly altered the microbial community abundance in the plant roots. This research provided an innovative enhancement to traditional phytoremediation methods, and established a new paradigm for using machine learning to predict and optimize V5+ remediation outcomes. The effectiveness of this technology in multi-metal polluted environments warrants further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education/Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education/Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education/Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education/Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Bowei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education/Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education/Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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Perumal PK, Huang CY, Singhania RR, Patel AK, Haldar D, Chen CW, Dong CD. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant potential of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides extracted from three different seaweeds. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:1481-1491. [PMID: 38966793 PMCID: PMC11219592 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive polysaccharides and oligosaccharides were successfully extracted from three distinct seaweeds: Sargassum sp., Graciallaria sp., and Ulva sp. utilizing various extraction techniques. The obtained polysaccharides and oligosaccharides were subjected to comprehensive characterization, and their potential antioxidant properties were assessed using a Hep G2 cell model. Analysis via FTIR spectroscopy unveiled the presence of sulfate groups in the polysaccharides and oligosaccharides derived from Sargassum sp. The antioxidant capabilities were assessed through various assays (DPPH, ABTS, Fe-ion chelation, and reducing power), revealing that SAR-OSC exhibited superior antioxidant activity than others. This was attributed to its higher phenolic content (24.6 μg/mg), FRAP value (36 μM Vitamin C/g of extract), and relatively low molecular weight (5.17 kDa). The study also investigated the protective effects of these polysaccharides and oligosaccharides against oxidative stress-induced damage in Hep G2 cells by measuring ROS production and intracellular antioxidant enzyme expressions (SOD, GPx, and CAT). Remarkably, SAR-OSC demonstrated the highest efficacy in protecting Hep G2 cells reducing ROS production and downregulating SOD, GPx, and CAT expressions. Current findings have confirmed that the oligosaccharides extracted by the chemical method show higher antioxidant activity, particularly SAR-OSC, and robust protective abilities in the Hep G2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchurajan Krishna Perumal
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157 Taiwan
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 029 India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157 Taiwan
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 029 India
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114 India
| | - Chiu-wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157 Taiwan
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, 81157 Taiwan
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Katsara A, Zkeri E, Aloupi M, Pappa FK, Matsoukas C, Stasinakis AS. Cultivation of the macrophyte Lemna minor and the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana in thermal mineral waters: Biomass characteristics, radioisotopes and heavy metals content. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123881. [PMID: 38580063 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae and macrophytes are commonly used as human and animal food supplements. We examined the cultivation of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and the duckweed Lemna minor in thermal waters under batch and sequencing batch conditions and we characterized the produced biomass for the presence of essential nutrients as well as for heavy metals and radioisotope content. The highest specific growth rate for the microalgae was observed when 5 or 15 mg/L N were supplemented while the optimal conditions for Lemna minor were observed in the co-presence of 5 mg/L N and 1.7 mg/L P. Lemna minor presented higher concentrations of proteins and lipids comparing to the studied microalgae. Both organisms contained high amounts of lutein (up to 1378 mg/kg for Lemna minor) and chlorophyll (up to 1518 mg/kg for Lemna minor) while β-carotene and tocopherols were found at lower concentrations, not exceeding a few tens of mg/kg. The heavy metal content varied between the two species. Lemna minor accumulated more Cd, Cu, K, Mn, Na, Ni, and Zn whereas Al, Ca and Mg were higher in Chlorella sorokiniana. Both organisms could be a significant source of essential metals but the occasional exceedance of the statutory levels of toxic metals in food products raises concern for potential risk to either humans or animals. Application of gamma-spectroscopy to quantify the effective dose to humans from 228Ra, 226Ra and 40K showed that Chlorella sorokiniana was well under the radiological limits while the collected mass of Lemna minor was too small for radiological measurements with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Katsara
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Eirini Zkeri
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Maria Aloupi
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Filothei K Pappa
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Christos Matsoukas
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Athanasios S Stasinakis
- Water and Air Quality Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece.
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Wang X, Gong Y, Sun C, Wang Z, Sun Y, Yu Q, Zhang Y. New insights into inhibition of high Fe(III) content on anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170147. [PMID: 38242486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The impacts of the increased iron in the waste-activated sludge (WAS) on its anaerobic digestion were investigated. It was found that low Fe(III) content (< 750 mg/L) promoted WAS anaerobic digestion, while the continual increase of Fe(III) inhibited CH4 production and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal. As the Fe(III) content increased to 1470 mg/L, methane production has been slightly inhibited about 5 % compared with the group containing 35 mg/L Fe(III). Particularly, as Fe(III) concentration was up to 2900 mg/L, CH4 production, and TCOD removal decreased by 43.6 % and 37.5 %, respectively, compared with the group with 35 mg/L Fe(III). Furthermore, the percentage of CO2 of the group with 2900 mg/L Fe(III) decreased by 52.8 % compared with the group containing 35 mg/L Fe(III). It indicated that Fe(II) generated by the dissimilatory iron reduction might cause CO2 consumption, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction that siderite (FeCO3) was generated in the group with 2900 mg/L Fe(III). Further study revealed that Fe(III) promoted the WAS solubilization and hydrolysis, but inhibited acidification and methane production. The methanogenesis test with H2/CO2 as a substrate showed that CO2 consumption weakened hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and then increased H2 partial pressure, further causing VFA accumulation. Microbial community analysis indicated that the abundance of hydrogen-utilizing methanogens decreased with the high Fe(III) content. Our study suggested that the increase of Fe(III) in sludge might inhibit methanogenesis by consuming or precipitating CO2. To achieve maximum bioenergy conversion, the iron content should be controlled to lower than 750 mg/L. The study may provide new insights into the mechanistic understanding of the inhibition of high Fe(III) content on the anaerobic digestion of WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Wang
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yijing Gong
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology, School of Environmental Science and Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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Tseng YS, Patel AK, Haldar D, Chen CW, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Microalgae and nano-cellulose composite produced via a co-culturing strategy for ammonia removal from the aqueous phase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129801. [PMID: 37813315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the pressing need for sustainable bioremediation solutions to combat increasing pollution challenges in alignment with sustainability development goals. The research focuses on developing a co-culture approach involving microalgae and Komagataeibacter europaeus BCRC 14148 bacterium to create a biocomposite for efficient ammonia removal. Nanocellulose, produced by the bacterium, serves as a substrate for microalgae attachment. Optimization using specific growth media ratios resulted in biocomposite yields of 4.05 ± 0.16 g/L and 3.83 ± 0.13 g/L in HS medium with fructose and glucose, respectively. The optimal conditions include a 40:60 ratio of HS-F to TAP medium, 25 ℃ incubation, 6000 Lux light intensity, pH 5.5, and a 48-hour incubation period. When applied to wastewater treatment, the biocomposite demonstrated exceptional ammonium removal efficiency at 91.64 ± 1.27 %. This co-culture-derived biocomposite offers an eco-friendly, recyclable, and effective solution for sustainable environmental bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India; The College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Dibyajyoti Haldar
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; The College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; The College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow-226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Tambat VS, Patel AK, Singhania RR, Vadrale AP, Tiwari A, Chen CW, Dong CD. Sustainable mixotrophic microalgae refinery of astaxanthin and lipid from Chlorella zofingiensis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129635. [PMID: 37544537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal astaxanthin possesses numerous bioactivities and has several health applications. The current research focuses on designing and optimizing the two-stage mixotrophic bioprocess by Chlorella zofingiensis for astaxanthin production. Gradual increase in light intensity (4-8k-lux) and 3x micronutrient concentration were the key parameters for maximizing biomass yield of 2.5 g/L during 15 days of stage I. Furthermore, stress conditions (excessive CO2, light, salinity, etc.) enhanced astaxanthin yield at stage II. 20k lux light, 3x nutrients, and 5% CO2 were the best ranges for maximum astaxanthin production. Maximum biomass yield and astaxanthin content were 3.3 g/L and 16.7 mg/g, respectively, after 29 days of bioprocess. Astaxanthin biosynthesis was also affected by salinity, but less than other parameters. Astaxanthin bioprocess resulted in enhanced lipid yields of 35-37%, which could be used for biodiesel. This study shows promising scale-up potential with attractive sustainability features of Chlorella zofingiensis model for commercial astaxanthin-lipid biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sunil Tambat
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reeta Rani Singhania
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Pralhad Vadrale
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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