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Diao L, Xu Z, Song D, Zhu C, Li X, Zhou X, Jing X, Yu L, Liu B. Dry deposition fluxes and inhalation risks of toxic elements in total suspended particles in the Bohai Rim region: Long-term trends and potential sources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134692. [PMID: 38810575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Long-term changes in dry deposition fluxes (DDF) and health risks for toxic elements (TE) in total suspended particles (TSP) in the Bohai Rim region are important for assessing control effects of pollution sources. Thus, we investigated the trends in DDF and concentrations for TSP and TE and health risks of TE in eight cities in the region from 2011-2020. TSP concentration and DDF showed general downward trends. Compared to the before Clear Air Action Plan (BCAAP, 2011-2012) period, concentration and DDF of TE over the Clear Air Action Plan (CAAP, 2013-2017) period substantially decreased, with the highest decrease rates in Zn, Cd, and Cr. During the study period, non-carcinogenic (HI) and total carcinogenic (TCR) risks for children and adults were 0.09 and 0.04, and 1.54 × 10-5 and 2.65 × 10-5, respectively, with Cr6+ and As being dominant contributors. Compared to the BCAAP period, HI and TCR over the CAAP period decreased by 36.8 % and 32.4 %, respectively. However, their risks increased over the Blue Sky Protection Campaign (BSPC, 2018-2020) period. Potential source contribution function suggested substantial changes in potential risk areas over different control periods, with the BSPC primarily being on land and the Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuli Diao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zizhou Xu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Derui Song
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Cheng Zhu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xindi Jing
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Limin Yu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Baoshuang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
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2
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Butler MJ, Yellen BC, Oyewumi O, Ouimet W, Richardson JB. Accumulation and transport of nutrient and pollutant elements in riparian soils, sediments, and river waters across the Thames River Watershed, Connecticut, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165630. [PMID: 37467973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding drivers of nutrient and pollutant elements (NPEs) in soils, sediments, and river water is important for protecting water resources and aquatic ecosystems. The objectives of this study were to quantify accumulation and transport of NPEs (P, As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in riparian soils, sediments, river water, and watershed-scale exports within seven post-industrial subwatersheds of the Thames River, Connecticut, USA. Suspended sediments and river water samples were collected from February 2019 to January 2020. Arsenic concentrations in soil (6 to 18 mg kg-1) and sediments (8 to 85 mg kg-1) generally exceeded state and federal EPA quality targets but not river water. Elevated Pb 'hot spots' occurred in some riparian soils (>2000 mg kg-1) and sediments (>200 mg kg-1), but the other NPEs concentrations were below toxic thresholds. Riparian soil concentrations and watershed land cover were generally weak predictors for NPE concentrations in bottom sediments, suspended sediments, and river water. DOC, Mn, and Fe concentrations were important predictors for area-normalized dissolved and sediment-bound export of NPEs across the seven watersheds. Dissolved export was greater than sediment export for Mn, P, As, Cd, Cu, and Ni but not for Fe, Pb, and Zn. Watersheds with higher farmland had higher P river water concentrations, but the larger, more urbanized watershed had the highest total and area-normalized P export. An estuarine sediment core that captures sediment from the whole watershed and spans pre-industrial conditions through present shows that export of most NPEs has decreased since its peak, but all remain above baseline throughout the Thames River watershed. Future constraints on surface soil-river exchange and erosion inputs are needed to investigate rates of NPE sourcing to the watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Butler
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Brian C Yellen
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Oluyinka Oyewumi
- Department of Geological Sciences, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT 06050, USA
| | - William Ouimet
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Justin B Richardson
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01002, USA.
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3
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Xu X, Wang YQ, Dong CY, Hu CP, Zhang LN, Gao ZY, Li MM, Wang SS, Yan CH. Determinants affecting the blood mercury levels of preschool children in Shanghai, China: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90980-90992. [PMID: 37468774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Infants and children are vulnerable to mercury (Hg)-induced toxicity, which has detrimental effects on their neurological development. This study measured blood Hg levels (BMLs) and identified potential factors influencing BMLs, including demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and daily dietary habits, among 0 to 7-year-old children in Shanghai. Our study recruited 1474 participants, comprising 784 boys and 690 girls. Basic demographic and lifestyle information were obtained and blood Hg were analyzed using the Direct Mercury Analyzer 80. The blood Hg concentrations of children in Shanghai ranged from 0.01 to 17.20 μg/L, with a median concentration of 1.34 μg/L. Older age, higher familial socioeconomic status, higher residential floors, and a higher frequency of consuming aquatic products, rice, vegetables, and formula milk were identified as risk factors. Other potential influencing factors including the mother's reproductive history (gravidity and parity), smoking (passive smoking), supplementation of fish oil and calcium need to be further investigated. These findings can be useful in establishing appropriate interventions to prevent children's high blood Hg concentrations in Shanghai and other similar metropolitan cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chen-Yin Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ping Hu
- Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Gao
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Ming Li
- Children's Health Department, Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Su Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Chen L, Zhou S, Tang C, Luo G, Wang Z, Lin S, Zhong J, Li Z, Wang Y. A novel methodological framework for risk zonation and source-sink response concerning heavy-metal contamination in agroecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161610. [PMID: 36646223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The accurate identification of high-risk zones and risk source-sink responses for heavy-metal (HM) contamination of agroecosystems remains challenging due to involving multiple environmental media such as soils, dustfall, and crops and a wide range of evaluation criteria and constraints. This study established a novel evaluation model based on the integration of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess agroecosystem risk in the Lihe River watershed, China. Bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) were adopted to explore the spatial interaction of risk sources and sinks with outputs ranging from 0.0003 (no risk) to 0.83 (high risk). Areas with moderate, considerable, and high risk constituted 67.4 % of the total land area, and only 1.8 % of the area was classed as low risk. Central urban and eastern areas around Taihu Lake were risk accumulation regions that needed more remedial attention. Risk cluster zones in the central urban area involved significant source-sink response relationships with the spatial distribution of industries, whereas eastern zones were linked to vehicular traffic distribution, accounting for 27.5 % and 16.5 % of the total area, respectively. This study provides a new methodological framework for the assessment of environmental risk, risk zonation, and risk source-sink spatial interaction in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Chen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwu Zhong
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China
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Wei H, Muthanna TM, Lundy L, Viklander M. An evaluation of temporal changes in physicochemical properties of gully pot sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65452-65465. [PMID: 35486282 PMCID: PMC9481490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pollution is recognised as a major challenge in achieving EU Water Framework Directive compliance, with urban runoff being a key pathway connecting various sources to receiving waters. Gully pots, as one of the ubiquitous urban drainage infrastructures, are placed at the inlets of piped drainage pipe network and actively drain runoff from urban catchment with suspended solids proportionally retained. The physiochemical properties of these retained solids reflect the activities within the catchment during the accumulation period. In this work, seven gully pots in two catchment types (highway and housing) in Luleå, Sweden were fully emptied and sediments analysed for total mass, particle size distribution and selected metal concentrations by six size fractions. The results of this sampling campaign are compared with the results of a 2005 study of the same gully pots to identify changes in the physicochemical properties of sediments over time and examine whether changes identified can be linked to changes in wider catchment management practices. The results highlight the potential impacts of winter road maintenance operations (e.g. up to a 15-fold higher solids loading rate in road catchment gully pots), reaching a normalised solids accumulation rate of 0.176-0.819 kg m2 year-1. An increase in tyre and road wear associated with winter road maintenance operations is also understood to contribute to the temporal increase of several metals including Cu, Zn, Co, Cr and V in the < 63-µm solids fraction in the road catchment gully pots. The concentrations of As and Pb decrease in all size fractions in both catchments, with the implementation of unleaded fuels (for Pb in housing catchment only), End-of-Life Vehicle Directive (Directive 2000/53/EC) (for Pb in both catchments), and strengthened industrial emission reduction measures suggested as possible drivers. The high contamination load for Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in < 63-µm sediments from low-traffic housing catchment also emphasised the necessity of tracing and restricting non-traffic-related metal sources. Further seasonal monitoring of gully pot sediments is recommended to fully follow up the development of metals loading in both catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wei
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Tone Merete Muthanna
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lian Lundy
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Maria Viklander
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
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Chen L, Zhou S, Yang Q, Li Q, Xing D, Xiao Y, Tang C. Pb Content, Risk Level and Primary-Source Apportionment in Wheat and Rice Grains in the Lihe River Watershed, Taihu Region, Eastern China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126256. [PMID: 34207823 PMCID: PMC8295996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study detailed a complete research from Lead (Pb) content level to ecological and health risk to direct- and primary-sources apportionment arising from wheat and rice grains, in the Lihe River Watershed of the Taihu region, East China. Ecological and health risk assessment were based on the pollution index and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health risk assessment model. A three-stage quantitative analysis program based on Pb isotope analysis to determine the relative contributions of primary sources involving (1) direct-source apportionment in grains with a two-end-member model, (2) apportionment of soil and dustfall sources using the IsoSource model, and (3) the integration of results of (1) and (2) was notedly first proposed. The results indicated that mean contents of Pb in wheat and rice grains were 0.54 and 0.45 mg/kg and both the bio-concentration factors (BCF) were <<1; the ecological risk pollution indices were 1.35 for wheat grains and 1.11 for rice grains; hazard quotient (HQ) values for adult and child indicating health risks through ingestion of grains were all <1; Coal-fired industrial sources account for up to 60% of Pb in the grains. This study provides insights into the management of grain Pb pollution and a new method for its source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Chen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Q.Y.); Tel.: +86-138-0517-1474 (S.Z.); +86-136-6891-7304 (Q.Y.)
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Q.Y.); Tel.: +86-138-0517-1474 (S.Z.); +86-136-6891-7304 (Q.Y.)
| | - Qingrong Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Dongxu Xing
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Cuiming Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (L.C.); (Q.L.); (D.X.); (Y.X.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510610, China
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7
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Wang C, Jin H, Zhong C, Wang J, Sun M, Xie M. Estimating the contribution of atmosphere on heavy metals accumulation in the aboveground wheat tissues induced by anthropogenic forcing. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109955. [PMID: 32736148 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of atmosphere pollution on human health is receiving more and more concerns as strengthened anthropogenic activity had brought excessive pollutant into the atmosphere. To date, the quantitative estimation about the contribution of atmosphere on the accumulation of heavy metal in the edible cereal parts induced by anthropogenic forcing is scarce. Taking the Yangtze River Delta area, China as an example, this study estimates quantitatively the influence of atmosphere on the concentration of heavy metal in the aboveground wheat tissues induced by anthropogenic industrial activity at the regional scale. The results show that the aboveground wheat tissues in the southern Yangtze River Delta area accumulated much more heavy metals than that in the northern area, although there is no significant difference in the geological and climate conditions, soil types, agricultural manages, wheat cultivar and soil heavy metals concentrations (even heavy metals concentrations in wheat root) between the southern area and northern area. The mean concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in wheat grain in southern area have exceeded the thresholds of contamination levels. The present study suggests that the influence of atmosphere on the accumulation of Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr in the aboveground wheat tissues is greatly significant when high amounts of pollutant are measured in the atmosphere. Based on translocation coefficient of the element, it is estimated that atmospheric pollution induced by anthropogenic forcing might lead to the concentration of heavy metals in wheat straw and grain increase by approximately 100% and 354% (Hg), 64% and 293% (Pb), 122% and 160% (Cr), 50% and 38% (Cd) and 14% and 41% (Cu), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Hao Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Cong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, 20015-1305, USA
| | - Mingyang Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mingjie Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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8
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Deng W, Liu W, Wen Y, Li X. A new inverse distance model to calculate the percentage contribution of various Pb sources. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109475. [PMID: 32272290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) isotopic composition analysis is a useful tool to accurately identify the origin of Pb in environmental media. The existing calculation method of the contribution of Pb sources from Pb isotope ratios greatly restricted the development of Pb contamination source apportionment. In the present study, a new distance model for calculating the mass proportion of Pb sources, which is based on the distance between the samples and the possible Pb sources in the Pb isotope ratios plot, was presented. The inverse distance model was applied to calculate the contribution proportion of two Pb sources in three previous studies. The average absolute differences between the proportions calculated by the conventional binary mixing equation and the inverse distance model were 0.21%, 1% and 1.9%, respectively, indicating that the new model agreeably calculated the contribution of two Pb sources. The anthropogenic sources proportion (52%) calculated by the inverse distance model of three Pb sources to park soil Pb in Shanghai was comparable to the result that was calculated by the conventional ternary mixing equation (53%), which showed the validity of the new model in calculating the contribution proportion of three Pb sources. Rational results were obtained by the inverse distance model in calculating the contribution of four Pb sources, illustrating that the new model has potential use in calculating the apportionment of four or more Pb sources. These results suggest that the inverse distance model is a simple and efficient approach for calculating the contribution proportion of various Pb contamination sources, and provides a prospective in the study of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Deng
- Institute of the Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Institute of the Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Yongli Wen
- Institute of the Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Xuxiang Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710047, PR China
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9
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Tang ZJ, Cao ZM, Guo XW, Chen HJ, Lian Y, Zheng WJ, Chen YJ, Lian HZ, Hu X. Cytotoxicity and toxicoproteomic analyses of human lung epithelial cells exposed to extracts of atmospheric particulate matters on PTFE filters using acetone and water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110223. [PMID: 31991395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Differences of cytotoxicity associated with exposure to different extracts of atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) are still not well characterized by in vitro toxicoproteomics. In this study, in vitro cytotoxicity assays and toxicoproteomic analyses were carried out to investigate toxic effects of PM collected using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters extracted with acetone for PM2.1 and water for PM2.1 and PM10 on A549 human lung epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity assays based on cell viability, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation indicated that PM2.1 extracted with acetone had the highest toxicity. iTRAQ labeling and LC-MS/MS analyses indicated that the number of differentially expressed proteins in A549 cells affected by PM2.1 extracted with acetone was noticeably higher than that of the other two groups. Hierarchical cluster analyses showed that the influences of the extracts of PM2.1 and PM10 using water on the proteome of A549 cells were similar, whereas significantly different from the effect of PM2.1 extracted with acetone. Pathways analyses indicated that PM2.1 extracted with acetone influenced the expression of proteins involved in 14 pathways including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, proteasome, etc. PM2.1 extracted with water affected the expression of proteins involved in 3 pathways including non-homologous end-joining, ribosome and endocytosis. However, PM10 extracted with water affected the expression of proteins involved in only spliceosome pathway. The extracts of PM using different extractants to detach PM from PTFE filters influenced the cytotoxic effects of PM and the proteome of A549 cells. Therefore, extractants should be assessed carefully before the investigations on cytotoxicity to improve the compatibility of experimental results among research teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Wen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Lian
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada
| | - Wei-Juan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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10
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Chen L, Zhou S, Wu S, Wang C, He D. Concentration, fluxes, risks, and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in the Lihe River watershed, Taihu region, eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113301. [PMID: 31600708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated ecological and human-health risks associated with heavy-metal pollution arising from deposition in the Lihe River region of eastern China. Ecological risk assessment was based on the geoaccumulation index and health risk using a US Environmental Protection Agency health risk assessment model. Pollution source contributions were assessed through enrichment factors, positive matrix factor analysis, and Pb isotopic analyses. Mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn measured in deposited particulates were 8.842, 79.92, 150.3, 46.86, 231.7 and 1920 mg kg-1, respectively. Deposition fluxes of these six heavy metals were 0.6, 6.0, 10.9, 3.3, 16.4, and 157 mg m-2 a-1, respectively. The order of ecological risk was Cd > Zn ≈ Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr. Ingestion is the main pathway of human exposure, however hazard quotient and hazard index values of the heavy metals studied were <1, indicating little or minimal risk to human health. The contributions to atmospheric deposition of coal-fired industries were Cd 82.4%, Cu 51.9%, Ni 51.2%, and Pb 68.3%. Zn was derived mainly from vehicular emissions (75.7%), and Cr concentrations (66.3%) were controlled mainly by natural sources. The qualitative and quantitative methods employed here resulted in improved accuracy of source apportionment. The results provide insights into the management of heavy-metal pollution in atmospheric deposition and serve as a reference for other regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Di He
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wang C, Wang J, Zhao Y, Zhong C. The vertical migration and speciation of the Pb in the paddy soil: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108741. [PMID: 31541907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Migration of Pb in the soil can be enhanced by acidification and frequent change of environmental condition. The paddy soil, where the environmental condition such as redox fluctuates frequently due to soil submergence and drainage, may offer a favorable condition for Pb migrating to deeper soil and further contaminate groundwater by leaching or irrigation. To date, not much is known about how quickly Pb migrates in the soil and the relevant transformation of Pb. We use long-term soil profile monitoring, sequential extraction and isotopic measurement to examine the temporal change of concentrations and isotopic ratios of Pb associated with different soil components in the paddy soil profile in the Yangtze River Delta area during 2011-2017. We find that Pb vertical migration in the paddy soil is faster. Pb in the shallow soil may migrate downward up to 60 cm during six years. The migration of Pb is dominated by the carbonate, and secondarily influenced by Fe/Mn oxides. Our results also imply that the mechanism of Pb migration in soils is changing. The mechanism which is now characterized as the carbonate-dominating will be replaced as the Fe/Mn oxides-dominating in the near future as the carbonate in shallow soil is becoming depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, 20015, USA
| | - Yanping Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Cong Zhong
- Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang Q, Zhang K, Zheng Y, Zhou G. Pollution characteristics of atmospheric dustfall and heavy metals in a typical inland heavy industry city in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 71:283-291. [PMID: 30195686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Through field sampling of atmospheric dustfall in regions of Zhuzhou City, China for a period of one year, the deposition fluxes of atmospheric dustfall and five heavy metals contained inside, including Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb, were analyzed. Meanwhile the enrichment factor and index methods were used to analyze the pollution characteristics of heavy metals of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou. The annual deposition flux of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou was 50.79 g/(m2·year), while the annual deposition fluxes of Cr, As, Cd, Hg and Pb were 9.80, 59.69, 140.09, 0.87 and 1074.91 mg/(m2·year), respectively. The pollution level of atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou was relatively lower compared with most other cities in China, but the deposition fluxes of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou were much higher than that in most cities and regions around the world. Cd is the typical heavy metal element in atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou, and both the enrichment factor and pollution index of Cd were the highest. Cd, Hg, Pb and As in atmospheric dustfall were mainly from human activities. According to the single-factor index, Nemerow index and pollution load index analyses, the atmospheric dustfall in Zhuzhou could easily cause severe heavy metal pollution to urban soil, and the most polluting element was Cd, followed by Pb, As and Hg. Only the pollution level of Cr lay in the safety region and mainly originated from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Guanhua Zhou
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Ni Z, Liu S, Jiang Z, Huang X. Atmospheric deposition of trace elements to Daya Bay, South China Sea: Fluxes and sources. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:672-683. [PMID: 29475711 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted from October 2015 to March 2017, with the aim of providing the first data on the fluxes and sources of wet and dry deposition of trace elements (TEs) in Daya Bay, South China Sea. Wet deposition flux of TEs was always preponderant and orders of magnitude higher than that of dry deposition owing to the high rainfall frequency in Daya Bay. The total deposition fluxes of TEs in the target area were higher than in most places worldwide, but at a moderate level within China. Wet deposition was highest in summer and lowest in winter, whereas dry deposition showed an opposite seasonal trend. The main sources of TEs in wet deposition were seasalt/dust, fossil fuel combustion, and crustal sources, and in dry deposition, they were dust/metallurgic, fossil fuel, petrochemical industry and crustal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhixin Ni
- South China Sea Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Al Ali S, Debade X, Chebbo G, Béchet B, Bonhomme C. Contribution of atmospheric dry deposition to stormwater loads for PAHs and trace metals in a small and highly trafficked urban road catchment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26497-26512. [PMID: 28948446 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A deep understanding of pollutant buildup and wash-off is essential for accurate urban stormwater quality modeling and for the development of stormwater management practices, knowing the potential adverse impacts of runoff pollution on receiving waters. In the context of quantifying the contribution of airborne pollutants to the contamination of stormwater runoff and assessing the need of developing an integrated AIR-WATER modeling chain, loads of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal trace elements (MTEs) are calculated in atmospheric dry deposits, stormwater runoff, and surface dust stock within a small yet highly trafficked urban road catchment (~ 30,000 vehicles per day) near Paris. Despite the important traffic load and according to the current definition of "atmospheric" source, atmospheric deposition did not account for more than 10% of the PAHs and trace metal loads in stormwater samples for the majority of the events, based on the ratio of deposition to stormwater. This result shows that atmospheric deposition is not a major source of pollutants in stormwater, and thus, linking the air and water compartment in a modeling chain to have more accurate estimates of pollutant loads in stormwater runoff might not be relevant. Comparison of road dust with water samples demonstrates that only the fine fraction of the available stock is eroded during a rainfall event. Even if the atmosphere mostly generates fine particles, the existence of other sources of fine particles to stormwater runoff is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja Al Ali
- LEESU, MA 102, Ecole des Ponts, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, Champs-sur-Marne, France.
- Ecole Doctorale de Sciences et Technologies, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire de Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Xavier Debade
- DEEP, INSA Lyon, Université de Lyon, Bât. Sadi Carnot 20, Avenue A. Einstein, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Ghassan Chebbo
- LEESU, MA 102, Ecole des Ponts, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, Champs-sur-Marne, France
- Faculty of Engineering III, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Béatrice Béchet
- LEE, Geotechnical Engineering, Environment, Natural Hazards and Earth Sciences Department, Centre de Nantes, IFSTTAR (French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport, Development, and Networks), Route de Bouaye, CS4, 44344, Bouguenais, France
| | - Céline Bonhomme
- LEESU, MA 102, Ecole des Ponts, AgroParisTech, UPEC, UPE, Champs-sur-Marne, France
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Miller CN, Rayalam S. The role of micronutrients in the response to ambient air pollutants: Potential mechanisms and suggestions for research design. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2017; 20:38-53. [PMID: 28145849 PMCID: PMC6130895 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1261746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
People living in regions of low socioeconomic status are thought to be prone to higher exposures to environmental pollutants, poor nutrition, and numerous preventable diseases and infections. Poverty correlates with pollution and malnutrition; however, limited studies examined their interrelationship. The well-studied, deleterious health effects attributed to environmental pollutants and poor nutrition may act in combination with produce more severe adverse health outcomes than any one factor alone. Deficiencies in specific nutrients render the body more susceptible to injury which may influence the pathways that serve as the mechanistic responses to ambient air pollutants. This review (1) explores specific micronutrients that are of global concern, (2) explains how these nutrients may impact the body's response to ambient air pollution, and (3) provides guidance on designing animal models of nutritional deficiency. It is likely that those individuals who reside in regions of high ambient air pollution are similarly malnourished. Therefore, it is important that research identifies specific nutrients of concern and their impact in identified regions of high ambient air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette N. Miller
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, USA
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Li B, Xiao R, Wang C, Cao L, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Yang L, Guo Y. Spatial distribution of soil cadmium and its influencing factors in peri-urban farmland: a case study in the Jingyang District, Sichuan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:21. [PMID: 27981467 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semi-agricultural ecosystems in peri-urban areas are susceptible to contamination. The spatial distribution and influencing factors of such pollution are unclear and poorly constrained in many areas worldwide. Therefore, studying the problems of soil pollution in peri-urban areas is critical for environmental management and agricultural production. In this paper, with cadmium (Cd) as the target pollutant, the spatiotemporal variations of soil cadmium pollution and the relative importance of the affecting factors were analyzed at a peri-urban area from the Jingyang District, Sichuan, China. Statistical results showed that the farmland in the study area could be considered moderately soil Cd-polluted, under the dual influence of natural factors and human activity. In particular, the soil Cd concentration in Tianyuan and Bajiaojing exceeded 0.5 mg kg-1, for intensive industrial enterprises are distributed in these areas. Correspondingly, the geoaccumulation index also showed that the contamination of Cd in this area was moderately polluted. Moreover, the ecological risk index was 80% in the study area, indicating that the soil Cd pollution potential risk was moderate to high. High geological background values (soil Cd = 0.29 mg kg-1), river migration, industrial enterprises, and traffic significantly influenced soil Cd pollution, with natural geological factors playing greater roles. The significant horizontal-spatial effective distances away from Shiting River, Deyang-Aba Highway, and chemical plants were 200, 400, and 100 m, respectively. These results will be useful in guiding farmland cultivation and pollution remediation effectively in the peri-urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Linhai Cao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shunqiang Zheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Jinyang Agricultural Bureau of Sichuan Province, Deyang, 643000, China
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Fernández-Olmo I, Puente M, Irabien A. A comparative study between the fluxes of trace elements in bulk atmospheric deposition at industrial, urban, traffic, and rural sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13427-13441. [PMID: 25940474 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The input of trace elements via atmospheric deposition towards industrial, urban, traffic, and rural areas is quite different and depends on the intensity of the anthropogenic activity. A comparative study between the element deposition fluxes in four sampling sites (industrial, urban, traffic, and rural) of the Cantabria region (northern Spain) has been performed. Sampling was carried out monthly using a bulk (funnel bottle) sampler. The trace elements, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn, and V, were determined in the water soluble and insoluble fractions of bulk deposition samples. The element deposition fluxes at the rural, urban, and traffic sites followed a similar order (Zn > Mn> > Cu ≈ Ti > Pb > V ≈ Cr > Ni> > As ≈ Mo > Cd). The most enriched elements were Cd, Zn, and Cu, while V, Ni, and Cr were less enriched. An extremely high deposition of Mn was found at the industrial site, leading to high enrichment factor values, resulting from the presence of a ferro-manganese/silico-manganese production plant in the vicinity of the sampling site. Important differences were found in the element solubilities in the studied sites; the element solubilities were higher at the traffic and rural sites, and lower at the urban and industrial sites. For all sites, Zn and Cd were the most soluble elements, whereas Cr and Ti were less soluble. The inter-site correlation coefficients for each element were calculated to assess the differences between the sites. The rural and traffic sites showed some similarities in the sources of trace elements; however, the sources of these elements at the industrial and rural sites were quite different. Additionally, the element fluxes measured in the insoluble fraction of the bulk atmospheric deposition exhibited a good correlation with the daily traffic volume at the traffic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fernández-Olmo
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain,
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Lin C, Wang J, Cheng H, Ouyang W. Arsenic profile distribution of the wetland argialbolls in the Sanjiang Plain of northeastern China. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10766. [PMID: 26042614 PMCID: PMC4455307 DOI: 10.1038/srep10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The wetland Argialbolls pedon was chosen to investigate the effects of pedogenic processes and anthropogenic activities on the vertical distribution of As concentrations. Two wetland Argialboll cores (90 cm long) were collected from the Sanjiang Plain in northeastern China and analyzed for pH, soil organic matter (SOM), Fe, Mn, and As. The results indicate that SOM accumulated in the upper horizons, while Fe and Mn were reductively leached from the upper horizons and significantly accumulated in the lower argillic horizons. Atmospheric As deposition and As redistribution during the pedogenic process led to the unique vertical distribution of As concentrations in the wetland Argialbolls. Overall, As was leached from upper horizons and then accumulated in the lower argillic horizons. However, continual atmospheric As deposition maintained a slightly elevated As concentration in the top layer. In detail, As concentration in the upper horizons ranged from 1.1 to 5.3 mg kg(-1), while it ranged from 18.2 to 65.7 mg kg(-1) in the lower argillic horizons. The high As concentration in the argillic horizons might pose a risk to shallow groundwater in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Yoon JH, Kim I, Kim HR, Won JU, Bae KJ, Jung PK, Roh J. The association between blood cadmium level and airflow obstruction in Korean men. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:569-75. [PMID: 25541276 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.990512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most humans are exposed to environmental contaminants via inhalation. Various toxic inhalants cause lung damage with pathologic changes to the airway system. Lung function decline is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. AIM To consider the potential burden of cadmium on pulmonary disease, this study examined the relationship between blood cadmium levels and airflow obstruction in a Korean general population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008-2011 were used. Male participants were selected who were older than 40 years, who had completed a reliable pulmonary function test and for who measurements of blood cadmium levels were available (n = 1974). The pulmonary function tests were undertaken and airflow obstruction was defined when forced vital capacity/forced expiratory volume in 1 second ratio < 0.7. RESULTS In an age-adjusted logistic regression model, blood cadmium levels correlated with the risk of obstructive airflow pattern in total participants as well as in smokers or never smokers. Further adjustment for BMI, current occupation and educational level did not attenuate these associations among total participants, smokers and never smokers (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.83-3.50 in total; OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.55-3.02 in smokers; OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.48-9.33 in never smokers). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, blood cadmium level was associated with airflow obstruction independently of smoking history and that association was still significant in never smokers. Careful attention is needed for the general population who are potentially exposed to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Yoon
- a Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,b Department of Preventive Medicine , Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,c Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,d Incheon Workers' Health Center , Incheon , Korea
| | - Inah Kim
- a Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,c Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,d Incheon Workers' Health Center , Incheon , Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
- b Department of Preventive Medicine , Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- a Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,c Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,e Department of Preventive Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea , and
| | - Kyu-Jung Bae
- f Korea Armed Forces Medical Command , Sungnam , Korea
| | - Pil-Kyun Jung
- a Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,c Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,e Department of Preventive Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea , and
| | - Jaehoon Roh
- a Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,c Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea .,d Incheon Workers' Health Center , Incheon , Korea .,e Department of Preventive Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea , and
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Xiong TT, Leveque T, Austruy A, Goix S, Schreck E, Dappe V, Sobanska S, Foucault Y, Dumat C. Foliar uptake and metal(loid) bioaccessibility in vegetables exposed to particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2014; 36:897-909. [PMID: 24729051 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
At the global scale, high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) enriched with metal(loid)s are currently observed in the atmosphere of urban areas. Foliar lead uptake was demonstrated for vegetables exposed to airborne PM. Our main objective here was to highlight the health risk associated with the consumption of vegetables exposed to foliar deposits of PM enriched with the various metal(loid)s frequently observed in the atmosphere of urban areas (Cd, Sb, Zn and Pb). Leaves of mature cabbage and spinach were exposed to manufactured mono-metallic oxide particles (CdO, Sb2O3 and ZnO) or to complex process PM mainly enriched with lead. Total and bioaccessible metal(loid) concentrations were then measured for polluted vegetables and the various PM used as sources. Finally, scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to study PM-phyllosphere interactions. High quantities of Cd, Sb, Zn and Pb were taken up by the plant leaves. These levels depended on both the plant species and nature of the PM, highlighting the interest of acquiring data for different plants and sources of exposure in order to better identify and manage health risks. A maximum of 2% of the leaf surfaces were covered with the PM. However, particles appeared to be enriched in stomatal openings, with up to 12% of their area occupied. Metal(loid) bioaccessibility was significantly higher for vegetables compared to PM sources, certainly due to chemical speciation changes. Taken together, these results confirm the importance of taking atmospheric PM into account when assessing the health risks associated with ingestion of vegetables grown in urban vegetable crops or kitchen gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Xiong
- INP-ENSAT, UPS; EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), Université de Toulouse, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
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Xiong T, Leveque T, Shahid M, Foucault Y, Mombo S, Dumat C. Lead and cadmium phytoavailability and human bioaccessibility for vegetables exposed to soil or atmospheric pollution by process ultrafine particles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2014; 43:1593-1600. [PMID: 25603245 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.11.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to airborne particles, they can accumulate metals in their edible portions through root or foliar transfer. There is a lack of knowledge on the influence of plant exposure conditions on human bioaccessibility of metals, which is of particular concern with the increase in urban gardening activities. Lettuce, radish, and parsley were exposed to metal-rich ultrafine particles from a recycling factory via field atmospheric fallouts or polluted soil. Total lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in of the edible plant parts and their human bioaccessibility were measured, and Pb translocation through the plants was studied using Pb isotopic analysis. The Pb and Cd bioaccessibility measured for consumed parts of the different polluted plants was significantly higher for root exposure (70% for Pb and 89% for Cd in lettuce) in comparison to foliar exposure (40% for Pb and 69% for Cd in lettuce). The difference in metal bioaccessibility could be linked to the metal compartmentalization and speciation changes in relation to exposure conditions. Metal nature strongly influences the measured bioaccessibility: Cd presents higher bioaccessibility in comparison to Pb. In the case of foliar exposure, a significant translocation of Pb from leaves toward the roots was observed. To conclude, the type of pollutant and the method of exposure significantly influences the phytoavailability and human bioaccessibility of metals, especially in relation to the contrasting phenomena involved in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere. The conditions of plant exposure must therefore be taken into account for environmental and health risk assessment.
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Li HB, Cui XY, Li K, Li J, Juhasz AL, Ma LQ. Assessment of in vitro lead bioaccessibility in house dust and its relationship to in vivo lead relative bioavailability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:8548-8555. [PMID: 24968149 DOI: 10.1021/es501899j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
House dust samples containing 25-738 mg of Pb kg(-1) from 15 cities in China were assessed for in vitro Pb bioaccessibility and in vivo Pb relative bioavailability. On the basis of stable Pb isotope ratios, the Pb in dust samples mainly originated from coal combustion. Lead bioaccessibility was determined using gastric (GP) and intestinal phase (IP) of solubility bioaccessibility research consortium (SBRC), in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG), Deutsches Institut für Normunge.V. (DIN), and physiologically based extraction test methods (PBET), while Pb relative bioavailability (RBA) was determined using a mouse blood model. Lead bioaccessibility in 24 house dust samples varied significantly (23-99%) depending on the methods. Values from the IP were considerably lower than those from the GP because of the co-precipitation of Pb with iron and re-adsorption onto the dust matrix. The SBRC assay with lower GP pH produced higher Pb bioaccessibility because of enhanced Pb dissolution. When compared to mouse blood data using 12 dust samples (29-60%), SBRC-GP and DIN-GP data were correlated with Pb RBA with r(2) values of 0.68 and 0.85 and intercepts 3.15 and 17.4, respectively. Overall, SBRC-GP had potential to predict Pb RBA in dust samples. However, our data suggested that more research is needed to develop a valid in vitro method for predicting Pb RBA in house dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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Schreck E, Dappe V, Sarret G, Sobanska S, Nowak D, Nowak J, Stefaniak EA, Magnin V, Ranieri V, Dumat C. Foliar or root exposures to smelter particles: consequences for lead compartmentalization and speciation in plant leaves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:667-76. [PMID: 24508855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In urban areas with high fallout of airborne particles, metal uptake by plants mainly occurs by foliar pathways and can strongly impact crop quality. However, there is a lack of knowledge on metal localization and speciation in plants after pollution exposure, especially in the case of foliar uptake. In this study, two contrasting crops, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and rye-grass (Lolium perenne L.), were exposed to Pb-rich particles emitted by a Pb-recycling factory via either atmospheric or soil application. Pb accumulation in plant leaves was observed for both ways of exposure. The mechanisms involved in Pb uptake were investigated using a combination of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques (electron microscopy, laser ablation, Raman microspectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy). The results show that Pb localization and speciation are strongly influenced by the type of exposure (root or shoot pathway) and the plant species. Foliar exposure is the main pathway of uptake, involving the highest concentrations in plant tissues. Under atmospheric fallouts, Pb-rich particles were strongly adsorbed on the leaf surface of both plant species. In lettuce, stomata contained Pb-rich particles in their apertures, with some deformations of guard cells. In addition to PbO and PbSO4, chemical forms that were also observed in pristine particles, new species were identified: organic compounds (minimum 20%) and hexagonal platy crystals of PbCO3. In rye-grass, the changes in Pb speciation were even more egregious: Pb-cell wall and Pb-organic acid complexes were the major species observed. For root exposure, identified here as a minor pathway of Pb transfer compared to foliar uptake, another secondary species, pyromorphite, was identified in rye-grass leaves. Finally, combining bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic techniques permitted both the overall speciation and the minor but possibly highly reactive lead species to be determined in order to better assess the health risks involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schreck
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Dappe
- LASIR (UMR CNRS 8516), Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Sarret
- ISTerre, UMR 5275, Université Grenoble I, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- LASIR (UMR CNRS 8516), Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Chemistry, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Nowak
- Department of Chemistry, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Anna Stefaniak
- Department of Chemistry, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Valérie Magnin
- ISTerre, UMR 5275, Université Grenoble I, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Ranieri
- CEA-INAC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Camille Dumat
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Meyer A, Strajhar P, Murer C, Da Cunha T, Odermatt A. Species-specific differences in the inhibition of human and zebrafish 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by thiram and organotins. Toxicology 2012; 301:72-8. [PMID: 22796344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamates and organotins can inhibit enzymes by interacting with functionally essential sulfhydryl groups. Both classes of chemicals were shown to inhibit human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2), which converts active cortisol into inactive cortisone and has a role in renal and intestinal electrolyte regulation and in the feto-placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids. In fish, 11β-HSD2 has a dual role by inactivating glucocorticoids and generating the major androgen 11-ketotestosterone. Inhibition of this enzyme may enhance glucocorticoid and diminish androgen effects in fish. Here, we characterized 11β-HSD2 activity of the model species zebrafish. A comparison with human and mouse 11β-HSD2 revealed species-specific substrate preference. Unexpectedly, assessment of the effects of thiram and several organotins on the activity of zebrafish 11β-HSD2 showed weak inhibition by thiram and no inhibition by any of the organotins tested. Sequence comparison revealed the presence of an alanine at position 253 on zebrafish 11β-HSD2, corresponding to cysteine-264 in the substrate-binding pocket of the human enzyme. Substitution of alanine-253 by cysteine resulted in a more than 10-fold increased sensitivity of zebrafish 11β-HSD2 to thiram. Mutating cysteine-264 on human 11β-HSD2 to serine resulted in 100-fold lower inhibitory activity. Our results demonstrate significant species differences in the sensitivity of human and zebrafish 11β-HSD2 to inhibition by thiram and organotins. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed a key role of cysteine-264 in the substrate-binding pocket of human 11β-HSD2 for sensitivity to sulfhydryl modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Meyer
- Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology and Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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