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Guo L, Tu B, Li D, Zhi L, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Li W, Xu X. Association between United States Environmental Contaminants and the Prevalence of Psoriasis Derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. TOXICS 2024; 12:522. [PMID: 39058174 PMCID: PMC11281726 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Prolonged coexposure to environmental contaminants is reportedly associated with adverse impacts on skin health. However, the collective effects of contaminant mixtures on psoriasis prevalence remain unclear. (2) Methods: A nationally representative cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 and 2009-2014. The association between contaminant exposures and psoriasis prevalence was analyzed through weighted quantile sum regressions, restricted cubic splines, and multivariable logistic regression. (3) Results: 16,453 participants and 60 contaminants in 8 groups were involved. After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, exposure to urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate mixtures (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.21) demonstrated a significant positive linear association with psoriasis prevalence. Ethyl paraben (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.44) exhibited a significant positive correlation with psoriasis risk as an individual contaminant. The association between blood cadmium, lead, and mercury mixtures (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00-1.21), urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate mixtures (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.34), and psoriasis prevalence was more pronounced in the lower healthy lifestyle score subgroup. (4) Conclusions: Exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate mixtures, and ethyl paraben was associated with an elevated psoriasis prevalence. Furthermore, the association between cadmium and lead and mercury mixtures as well as perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate mixtures, and psoriasis prevalence was more pronounced in individuals with less healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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McCarron A, Semple S, Swanson V, Gillespie C, Braban C, Price HD. Piloting co-developed behaviour change interventions to reduce exposure to air pollution and improve self-reported asthma-related health. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00661-2. [PMID: 38609513 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution can exacerbate asthma with immediate and long-term health consequences. Behaviour changes can reduce exposure to air pollution, yet its 'invisible' nature often leaves individuals unaware of their exposure, complicating the identification of appropriate behaviour modifications. Moreover, making health behaviour changes can be challenging, necessitating additional support from healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE This pilot study used personal exposure monitoring, data feedback, and co-developed behaviour change interventions with individuals with asthma, with the goal of reducing personal exposure to PM2.5 and subsequently improving asthma-related health. METHODS Twenty-eight participants conducted baseline exposure monitoring for one-week, simultaneously keeping asthma symptom and medication diaries (previously published in McCarron et al., 2023). Participants were then randomised into control (n = 8) or intervention (n = 9) groups. Intervention participants received PM2.5 exposure feedback and worked with researchers to co-develop behaviour change interventions based on a health behaviour change programme which they implemented during the follow-up monitoring week. Control group participants received no feedback or intervention during the study. RESULTS All interventions focused on the home environment. Intervention group participants reduced their at-home exposure by an average of 5.7 µg/m³ over the monitoring week (-23.0 to +3.2 µg/m³), whereas the control group had a reduction of 4.7 µg/m³ (-15.6 to +0.4 µg/m³). Furthermore, intervention group participants experienced a 4.6% decrease in participant-hours with reported asthma symptoms, while the control group saw a 0.5% increase. Similarly, the intervention group's asthma-related quality of life improved compared to the control group. IMPACT STATEMENT This pilot study investigated a novel behaviour change intervention, utilising personal exposure monitoring, data feedback, and co-developed interventions guided by a health behaviour change programme. The study aimed to reduce personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and improve self-reported asthma-related health. Conducting a randomised controlled trial with 28 participants, co-developed intervention successfully targeted exposure peaks within participants' home microenvironments, resulting in a reduction in at-home personal exposure to PM2.5 and improving self-reported asthma-related health. The study contributes valuable insights into the environmental exposure-health relationship and highlights the potential of the intervention for individual-level decision-making to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy McCarron
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute of Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | | | | | - Heather D Price
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Yu H, Li M, Zheng X, Zhu M, Zheng Z, Xie T, Yan G, Hu P, Cao Z, Feng J, Sun J. Potential source and health risks of black carbon based on MERRA-2 reanalysis data in a typical industrial city of North China Plain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120367. [PMID: 38387352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) significantly affects climate, environmental quality, and human health. This study utilised Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), which can compensate for the shortcomings of ground BC monitoring in spatial-temporal distribution to study the pollution characteristics of BC and potential pollution sources in a typical industrial city (Xinxiang) with serious air pollution in northern China. The results showed that average daily ground observation and MERRA-2 concentration of BC of 7.33 μg m-3 and 9.52 μg m-3. The mean BC concentration derived from MERRA-2 reanalysis data was higher than ground measurement due to resolution limitations and pollution from the northern regions. The reliability of the MERRA-2 data was confirmed through correlation analysis. Consideration of the spatial distribution of BC from MERRA-2 and incorporating the potential source contribution function (PSCF), concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT), and emission inventory, other possible source areas and primary sources of BC in Xinxiang were investigated. The results indicated that implementing transportation and residential emission control measures in Henan Province and its surrounding provinces, such as Hebei Province, will effectively decrease the BC level in Xinxiang City. A passively smoked cigarettes model was used to evaluate the risk of BC exposure. The percentage of lung function decrement (PLFD) was the highest in school-age children, while the impact on lung cancer (LC) health risk was comparatively lower. Notably, the BC health risk in Xinxiang was lower than in most cities across Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China.
| | - Menghui Li
- State Key Lab of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xueqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhensen Zheng
- State Key Lab of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Tianyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China
| | - Guangxuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China
| | - Pengtuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China.
| | - Jinglan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environment Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, PR China
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Goel V, Jain S, Singh V, Kumar M. Source apportionment, health risk assessment, and trajectory analysis of black carbon and light absorption properties of black and brown carbon in Delhi, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116252-116265. [PMID: 37910356 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Black Carbon (BC) is an important atmospheric pollutant, well recognized for adverse health and climatic effects. The present work discusses the monthly and seasonal variations of BC sources, health risks, and light absorption properties. The measurement was done from January to December 2021 using a seven wavelength aethalometer. Annual average BC concentration during the study period was 12.2 ± 8.8 μg/m3 (ranged from 1.9 - 52.2 μg/m3). Results represent highest BC concentration during winter (W), followed by post-monsoon (P-M), summer (S), and monsoon (M) seasons where the fossil fuel (FF) combustion is the major source during W, S, and M seasons and biomass burning (BB) during the P-M season. The health risk assessment revealed that individuals in Delhi are exposed to BC levels equivalent to inhaling the smoke from 36 passively smoked cigarettes (PSC) everyday. The risk is highest during W reaching upto 71 PSC and minimum during M i.e., 9 PSC. The light absorption properties were calculated for BC (AbsBC) and Brown carbon (AbsBrC). AbsBC and varied from 229-89 Mm-1 between 370-950 nm and AbsBrC varied from 87-12 Mm-1 between 370-660 nm. AbsBC contributed substantially to total absorption at all wavelengths, while AbsBrC contribution is quite significant in the UV region only. Trajectory analysis confirmed significant influence of regional sources (e.g., biomass-burning aerosols from northwest and east direction) on air quality, health risks, and light absorption properties of BC over Delhi especially during the P-M season. The BB events of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and eastern Pakistan seems to have significant influence on Delhi's air quality predominantly during P-M season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Goel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
- School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Srishti Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Mayank Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, 110016, India.
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Bellinato F, Adami G, Vaienti S, Benini C, Gatti D, Idolazzi L, Fassio A, Rossini M, Girolomoni G, Gisondi P. Association Between Short-term Exposure to Environmental Air Pollution and Psoriasis Flare. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:375-381. [PMID: 35171203 PMCID: PMC8851365 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a relapsing-remitting course. Selected environmental factors such as infections, stressful life events, or drugs may trigger disease flares. Whether air pollution could trigger psoriasis flares is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether short-term exposure to environmental air pollution is associated with psoriasis flares. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This observational study with both case-crossover and cross-sectional design retrospectively analyzed longitudinal data from September 2013 to January 2020 from patients with chronic plaque psoriasis consecutively attending the outpatient dermatologic clinic of the University Hospital of Verona. For the case-crossover analysis, patients were included who had at least 1 disease flare, defined as Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) increase of 5 or greater between 2 consecutive assessments in a time frame of 3 to 4 months. For the cross-sectional analysis, patients were included who received any systemic treatment for 6 or more months, with grade 2 or higher consecutive PASI assessment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We compared the mean and cumulative (area under the curve) concentrations of several air pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, other nitrogen oxides, benzene, coarse particulate matter [PM; 2.5-10.0 μm in diameter, PM10] and fine PM [<2.5 μm in diameter, PM2.5]) in the 60 days preceding the psoriasis flare and the control visits. RESULTS A total of 957 patients with plaque psoriasis with 4398 follow-up visits were included in the study. Patients had a mean (SD) age of 61 (15) years and 602 (62.9%) were men. More than 15 000 measurements of air pollutant concentration from the official, open-source bulletin of the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) were retrieved. Among the overall cohort, 369 (38.6%) patients with psoriasis flare were included in the case-crossover study. We found that concentrations of all pollutants were significantly higher in the 60 days before psoriasis flare (median PASI at the flare 12; IQR, 9-18) compared with the control visit (median PASI 1; IQR, 1-3, P < .001). In the cross-sectional analysis, exposure to mean PM10 over 20 μg/m3 and mean PM2.5 over 15 μg/m3 in the 60 days before assessment were associated with a higher risk of PASI 5 or greater point worsening (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.21-1.99; and aOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.0-1.57, respectively). Sensitivity analyses that stratified for trimester of evaluation, with various lag of exposure and adjusting for type of treatment, yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this case-crossover and cross-sectional study suggest that air pollution may be a trigger factor for psoriasis flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellinato
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Adami
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Vaienti
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Benini
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Gatti
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Idolazzi
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Fassio
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Rossini
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giampiero Girolomoni
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Singh S, Gokhale S. Effect of COVID-19 epidemic-led lockdowns on aerosol black carbon concentration, sources and its radiation effect in northeast India. JOURNAL OF EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE 2022; 131:139. [PMCID: PMC9166673 DOI: 10.1007/s12040-022-01883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The COVID-19 epidemic-led lockdown (LD) from March 25 to May 31, 2020, had a different level of impact on air quality in the ecologically sensitive region of northeast India, even though the restriction on main anthropogenic activities was expected to reduce particulate matter concentration. The daily average black carbon concentration measured at 880 nm (BC880) was 1.5–15.6 μg m−3 (mean: 5.75±4.24 μg m−3) during the measurement period. It was 9.29±4.11 μg m−3 during pre-LD (February 12–March 21), 4.70±0.95 μg m−3 during LD1 (March 25–April 14), 3.41±0.56 μg m−3 during LD2 (April 15–May 3), 3.69±1.50 μg m−3 during LD3 (May 4–17), 2.94±0.93 μg m−3 during LD4 (May 18–31), and 6.56±5.35 μg m−3 during the Post-LD (June 6–July 3) of 2020. It decreased up to 68% during the lockdowns. The source apportionment based on an improved method showed a significant improvement in the contribution of BC880 sources. The radiation effect determined by Angstrom Absorption Exponent showed that brown carbon accounted for 25% of the aerosol light absorption at 370 nm during the lockdown period. Relative humidity correlates substantially with BC880, while rainfall, temperature, and solar radiation were negatively correlated. The bivariate analysis showed the dominance of local emissions in the BC880 concentrations. Research highlights Black carbon concentration decreased up to 68% during the different phases of lockdown. BC associated with fossil fuel was 51–78%, and biomass burning was 22–49%. The fraction of fossil fuel and biomass burning in whole BC fallen to 0.73 and 0.65 during the lockdowns. Air quality improved by about 47–58% on the 4th and 7th day of lockdown. Brown carbon and meteorological parameters significantly impacted aerosol light absorption in this region.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12040-022-01883-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - Sharad Gokhale
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
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Smith N, Georgiou M, King AC, Tieges Z, Chastin S. Factors influencing usage of urban blue spaces: A systems-based approach to identify leverage points. Health Place 2021; 73:102735. [PMID: 34933144 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Urban blue spaces may have salutogenic health benefits. It is crucial to understand the factors that influence the use of urban blue spaces so that urban populations can benefit equitably. A system map of factors influencing usage was developed by qualitatively analysing 203 intercept interviews conducted with people actively using the towpath along the canal in North Glasgow, Scotland. Network analysis was used to analyse the system map's structure identifying Exercise & Health and Urban Nature as key leverage points and Cleanliness & Maintenance as the key area for improvement. Findings could be used to inform the management, governance and revitalisation of urban blue spaces with the ultimate aim of maximising their potential to be equitable, sustainable and salutogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Smith
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Michail Georgiou
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Abby C King
- Departments of Epidemiology & Population Health and Medicine (Stanford Prevention Research Centre), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Zoë Tieges
- Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Liu J, Zhao M, Zhang H, Zhao J, Kong H, Zhou M, Guan Y, Li TC, Wang X, Chan DYL. Associations between ambient air pollution and IVF outcomes in a heavily polluted city in China. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:49-62. [PMID: 34836814 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is air pollution related to IVF outcomes in a heavily polluted city in China? DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of 8628 fresh, autologous IVF cycles was conducted for the first time at the Reproductive Medicine Center of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between May 2014 and December 2018 (oocyte retrieval date). The exposure was divided into four periods (gonadotrophin injection to oocyte retrieval [P1], oocyte retrieval to embryo transfer [P2], 1 day after embryo transfer to embryo transfer +14 days [P3] and gonadotrophin injection to embryo transfer +14 days [P4]) and four levels (Q1-Q4 according to their 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles). RESULTS An interquartile range increase (Q2 versus Q1) in particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) during P3 and P4 and sulphur dioxide (SO2) during P3 significantly decreased the clinical pregnancy rate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-0.92 for PM10 of P3; aOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-1.00 for PM10 of P4; aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.93 for SO2 of P3). In addition, PM10 was associated with an increased biochemical pregnancy rate (Q3 versus Q1: aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09-2.19 for PM10 of P1) and decreased live birth rate (Q2 versus Q1: aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77-0.99 for PM10 of P3). The multivariate regression results were consistent with that of multiple treatments propensity score method (PSM) for SO2 pollutants in P3 and PM10 pollutants in P4. CONCLUSION From the early follicular stage to the pregnancy test period, high concentrations of PM10 and SO2 may have a negative impact on IVF treatment outcomes in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingpeng Zhao
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongjiao Kong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengge Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yichun Guan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingling Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - David Yiu Leung Chan
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Abstract
Ambient air pollution is produced by sources including vehicular traffic, coal-fired power plants, hydraulic fracturing, agricultural production, and forest fires. It consists of primary pollutants generated by combustion and secondary pollutants formed in the atmosphere from precursor gases. Air pollution causes and exacerbates climate change, and climate change worsens health effects of air pollution. Infants and children are uniquely sensitive to air pollution, because their organs are developing and they have higher air per body weight intake. Health effects linked to air pollution include not only exacerbations of respiratory diseases but also reduced lung function development and increased asthma incidence. Additional outcomes of concern include preterm birth, low birth weight, neurodevelopmental disorders, IQ loss, pediatric cancers, and increased risks for adult chronic diseases. These effects are mediated by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endocrine disruption, and genetic and epigenetic mechanisms across the life span. Natural experiments demonstrate that with initiatives such as increased use of public transportation, both air quality and community health improve. Similarly, the Clean Air Act has improved air quality, although exposure inequities persist. Other effective strategies for reducing air pollution include ending reliance on coal, oil, and gas; regulating industrial emissions; reducing exposure with attention to proximity of residences, schools, and child care facilities to traffic; and a greater awareness of the Air Quality Index. This policy reviews both short- and long-term health consequences of ambient air pollution, especially in relation to developmental exposures. It examines individual, community, and legislative strategies to mitigate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Brumberg
- Division of Neonatology, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York; and
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Castagna J, Senatore A, Bencardino M, D'Amore F, Sprovieri F, Pirrone N, Mendicino G. Multiscale assessment of the impact on air quality of an intense wildfire season in southern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143271. [PMID: 33183815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The summer of 2017 in the Calabria Region (South Italy) was an exceptional wildfire season with the largest area burned by wildfires in the last 11 years (2008-2019). The equivalent black carbon (EBC) and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, recorded at the high-altitude Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Monte Curcio (MCU) regional station, were analyzed to establish the wildfires' impact on air quality, human health, and the ecosystem. A method was applied to identify the possible wildfires that influenced the air quality based on the integration of fire data (both satellite and ground-based) and the high-resolution WRF-HYSPLIT trajectories. The satellite-based fires applied to WRF-HYSPLIT with 10 km of spatial resolution allowed us to establish that for 52.5% of total cases, wildfires were located outside the Calabria Region, and they were influenced by long-range transport. Nonetheless, the impact on human health, qualitatively evaluated in terms of passively smoked cigarettes (PSC) corresponding to the EBC, was greater when wildfires were local. Indeed, for wildfires located mainly in Calabria, the equivalent PSC ranged from 2.75 to 11.08. This maximum PSC value was close to the daily number of smoked cigarettes in Calabria (approximately 12.4). Even if this analogy does not imply a proportional effect between the estimated number of cigarettes smoked and the effective wildfire EBC exposure, this result suggests that wildfire emissions may have negative effects on people's health. Moreover, a focus on the Calabria Region was conducted using high-resolution ground-based GPS and higher resolution WRF-HYSPLIT back-trajectories (2 km) to measure wildfires. The validity of the methodology was confirmed by the EBC and CO positive correlation with the ratio between the identified ground-based burned areas and the distance from the sampling station. Moreover, the impact on the ecosystem was studied by analyzing the land vegetation loss due to the wildfires that contributed to air quality reduction at the MCU station. A total of more than 1679 ha of vegetation burned, the main losses comprising forests and shrubland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castagna
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Senatore
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Francesco D'Amore
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca Sprovieri
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mendicino
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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11
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Adami G, Viapiana O, Rossini M, Orsolini G, Bertoldo E, Giollo A, Gatti D, Fassio A. Association between environmental air pollution and rheumatoid arthritis flares. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4591-4597. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Environmental air pollution has been linked to the pathogenesis of RA. Nevertheless, evidence linking higher concentrations of air pollutants with the risk of RA reactivations is missing. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between RA flares and air pollution.
Methods
We collected longitudinal data of patients affected by RA and of the daily concentration of air pollutants in the Verona area. We designed a case-crossover study. We compared the exposure to pollutants in the 30-day and 60-day periods preceding an arthritic flare referent to the 30-day and 60-day preceding a low-disease activity visit.
Results
The study included 888 patients with RA with 3396 follow-up visits; 13 636 daily air pollution records were retrieved. We found an exposure–response relationship between the concentration of air pollutants and the risk of having abnormal CRP levels. Patients exposed to greater concentrations of air pollutants were at higher risk of having CRP levels ≥5 mg/l. Concentrations of CO, NO, NO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 were higher in the 60-day period preceding a flare.
Conclusions
We found a striking association between air pollution and RA disease severity and reactivations in a cohort of patients followed over a 5-year period. The exposure to high levels of air pollutants was associated with increased CRP levels and a higher risk of experiencing a flare of arthritis. This excessive risk was evident at very low levels of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Davide Gatti
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Fassio
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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12
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Ambade B, Sankar TK, Kumar A, Gautam AS, Gautam S. COVID-19 lockdowns reduce the Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the Asian atmosphere: source apportionment and health hazard evaluation. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2021; 23:12252-12271. [PMID: 33424424 PMCID: PMC7779106 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-01167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The entire world is affected by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is spreading worldwide in a short time. India is one of the countries which is affected most, therefore, the Government of India has implemented several lockdowns in the entire country from April 25, 2020. We studied air pollutants (i.e., PM2.5, Black Carbon (BC), and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) level, and observed significantly sudden reduced. In India, most of the anthropogenic activities completely stopped. Therefore, we studied the levels of BC, PAHs and PM2.5 concentrations, their sources apportion, and health risk assessment during normal days, lockdown (from lockdown 1.0 to lockdown 4.0) and unlock down 1.0 situation at Sakchi, Jamshedpur city. It was observed that lockdowns and unlock down situations BC, PAHs and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly lower than regular days. We applied the advanced air mass back trajectory (AMBT) model to locate airborne particulate matter dispersal from different directions to strengthen the new result. The diagnostic ratio analyses of BC shows that wood burning contribution was too high during the lockdown situations. However, during normal days, the PAHs source profile was dedicated toward biomass, coal burning, and vehicle emission as primary sources of PAHs. During the lockdown period, emission from biomass and coal burning was a significant contributor to PAHs. The summaries of health risk assessment of BC quantified an equal number of passively smoked cigarettes (PSC) for an individual situation was studied. This study focuses on the overall climate impact of pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Ambade
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, 831014 Jharkhand India
| | - Tapan Kumar Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, 831014 Jharkhand India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, 831014 Jharkhand India
| | - Alok Sagar Gautam
- Department of Physics, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114 Tamil Nadu India
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13
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Ambade B, Kurwadkar S, Sankar TK, Kumar A. Emission reduction of black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2021; 14:1081-1095. [PMID: 33995690 PMCID: PMC8109221 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-021-01004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic COVID-19 necessitated various responses throughout the world, including social distancing, use of mask, and complete lockdown. While these measures helped prevent the community spread of the virus, the resulting environmental benefits of lockdown remained mostly unnoticed. While many studies documented improvements in air quality index, very few have explored the reduction in black carbon (BC) aerosols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations due to lockdown. In this study, we evaluated the changes in concentrations of BC, PAHs, and PM2.5 before and during the lockdown period. Our results show that lockdown resulted in a significant reduction in concentrations of these pollutants. The average mass concentration of BC, PAHs, and PM2.5 before the lockdown was 11.71 ± 3.33 μgm-3, 108.71 ± 27.77 ngm-3, and 147.65 ± 41.77 μgm-3, respectively. During the lockdown period, the concentration of BC, PAHs, and PM2.5 was 2.46 ± 0.95 μgm-3, 23.19 ± 11.21 ngm-3, and 50.31 ± 11.95 μgm-3, respectively. The diagnostic ratio analysis for source apportionment showed changes in the emission sources before and during the lockdown. The primary sources of PAHs emissions before the lockdown were biomass, coal combustion, and vehicular traffic, while during the lockdown, PAHs emissions were primarily from the combustion of biomass and coal. Similarly, before the lockdown, the BC mass concentrations came from fossil-fuel and wood-burning, while during the lockdown period, most of the BC mass concentration came from wood-burning. Human health risk assessment demonstrated a significant reduction in risk due to inhalation of PAHs and BC-contaminated air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Ambade
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014 India
| | - Sudarshan Kurwadkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd, Fullerton, CA USA
- Groundwater Characterization and Remediation Division, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 919 Kerr Research Dr., Ada, Oklahoma 74820 USA
| | - Tapan Kumar Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014 India
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Al-Kindi SG, Brook RD, Biswal S, Rajagopalan S. Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease: lessons learned from air pollution. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:656-672. [PMID: 32382149 PMCID: PMC7492399 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is well recognized as a major risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases and has been estimated to contribute more to global morbidity and mortality than all other known environmental risk factors combined. Although air pollution contains a heterogeneous mixture of gases, the most robust evidence for detrimental effects on health is for fine particulate matter (particles ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5)) and ozone gas and, therefore, these species have been the main focus of environmental health research and regulatory standards. The evidence to date supports a strong link between the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with PM2.5 across a range of exposure levels, including to levels below current regulatory standards, with no 'safe' lower exposure levels at the population level. In this comprehensive Review, the empirical evidence supporting the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health are examined, potential mechanisms that lead to increased cardiovascular risk are described, and measures to reduce this risk and identify key gaps in our knowledge that could help address the increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeer G Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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Tantoh DM, Wu MC, Chuang CC, Chen PH, Tyan YS, Nfor ON, Lu WY, Liaw YP. AHRR cg05575921 methylation in relation to smoking and PM 2.5 exposure among Taiwanese men and women. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:117. [PMID: 32736658 PMCID: PMC7394684 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-rich substances like cigarette smoke and PM2.5 induce aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-mediated aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) methylation. AHRR cg05575921 and coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3 (F2RL3) cg03636183 methylation patterns are well-established biomarkers for smoking. Even though AHRR cg05575921 methylation has recently been associated with PM2.5, the interaction between smoking and PM2.5 on AHRR methylation is yet to be fully explored. We evaluated AHRR and F2RL3 CpG sites to identify potential significant markers in relation to PM2.5 and smoking in Taiwanese adults. Methods DNA methylation and smoking data of 948 participants aged 30–70 years were obtained from the Taiwan Biobank Database (2008–2015), while PM2.5 data were obtained from the Air Quality Monitoring Database (2006–2011). Results Smoking and PM2.5 were independently associated with hypomethylation (lower levels) of AHRR cg05575921, AHRR cg23576855, F2RL3 cg03636183, and F2LR3 cg21911711 after multiple-comparison correction (Bonferroni P < 0.00028409). Cg05575921 was the most hypomethylated AHRR CpG site, while cg03636183 was the most hypomethylated F2RL3 CpG site. Overall, cg05575921 was the most hypomethylated CpG site: β = − 0.03909, P < 0.0001; − 0.17536, P < 0.0001 for former and current smoking, respectively (P-trendsmoking < 0.0001) and − 0.00141, P < 0.0001 for PM2.5. After adjusting for F2RL3 cg03636183, smoking and PM2.5 remained significantly associated with cg05575921 hypomethylation: β − 0.02221, P < 0.0001; − 0.11578, P < 0.0001 for former and current smoking, respectively (P-trendsmoking < 0.0001) and − 0.0070, P = 0.0120 for PM2.5. After stratification by sex, smoking and PM2.5 remained associated (P < 0.05) with cg05575921 hypomethylation in both men (β = − 0.04274, − 0.17700, and − 0.00163 for former smoking, current smoking, and PM2.5, respectively) and women (β = − 0.01937, − 0.17255, and − 0.00105 for former smoking, current smoking, and PM2.5, respectively). After stratification by residential area, former and current smoking remained associated (P < 0.05) with cg05575921 hypomethylation: β = − 0.03918 and − 0.17536, respectively (P-trendsmoking < 0.0001). Living in the central and southern areas was also associated (P < 0.05) with cg05575921 hypomethylation: β = − 0.01356 and − 0.01970, respectively (P-trendarea < 0.0001). Conclusion Smoking and PM2.5 were independently associated with hypomethylation of cg05575921, cg23576855, cg03636183, and cg21911711. The most hypomethylated CpG site was cg05575921 and its association with smoking and PM2.5 was dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chuang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yeu Sheng Tyan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Medical Imaging and Big Data Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Medical Imaging and Big Data Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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16
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Pani SK, Wang SH, Lin NH, Chantara S, Lee CT, Thepnuan D. Black carbon over an urban atmosphere in northern peninsular Southeast Asia: Characteristics, source apportionment, and associated health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113871. [PMID: 31918141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) has been demonstrated to pose significant negative impacts on climate and human health. Equivalent BC (EBC) measurements were conducted using a 7-wavelength aethalometer, from March to May 2016, over an urban atmosphere, viz., Chiang Mai (98.957°E, 18.795°N, 373 m above sea level), Thailand in northern peninsular Southeast Asia. Daily variations in aerosol light absorption were mainly governed by open fire activities in the region. The mean mass-specific absorption cross-section (MAC) value of EBC at 880 nm was estimated to be 9.3 m2 g-1. The median EBC mass concentration was the highest in March (3.3 μg m-3) due to biomass-burning (comprised of forest fire and agricultural burning) emissions accompanied by urban air pollution within the planetary boundary layer under favorable meteorological conditions. Daily mean absorption Ångström exponent (AAE470/950) varied between 1.3 and 1.7 and could be due to variations in EBC emission sources and atmospheric mixing processes. EBC source apportionment results revealed that biomass-burning contributed significantly more to total EBC concentrations (34-92%) as compared to fossil-fuel (traffic emissions). Health risk estimates of EBC in relation to different health outcomes were assessed in terms of passive cigarette equivalence, highlighting the considerable health effects associated with exposure to EBC levels. As a necessary action, the reduction of EBC emissions would promote considerable climate and health co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Kumar Pani
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Huei Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chung-Te Lee
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Duangduean Thepnuan
- Environmental Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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17
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UAV-Based Air Pollutant Source Localization Using Combined Metaheuristic and Probabilistic Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the greatest risks for the health of people. In recent years, platforms based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for the monitoring of pollution in the air have been studied to deal with this problem, due to several advantages, such as low-costs, security, multitask and ease of deployment. However, due to the limitations in the flying time of the UAVs, these platforms could perform monitoring tasks poorly if the mission is not executed with an adequate strategy and algorithm. Their application can be improved if the UAVs have the ability to perform autonomous monitoring of the areas with a high concentration of the pollutant, or even to locate the pollutant source. This work proposes an algorithm to locate an air pollutant’s source by using a UAV. The algorithm has two components: (i) a metaheuristic technique is used to trace the increasing gradient of the pollutant concentration, and (ii) a probabilistic component complements the method by concentrating the search in the most promising areas in the targeted environment. The metaheuristic technique has been selected from a simulation-based comparative analysis between some classical techniques. The probabilistic component uses the Bayesian methodology to build and update a probability map of the pollutant source location, with each new sensor information available, while the UAV navigates in the environment. The proposed solution was tested experimentally with a real quadrotor navigating in a virtual polluted environment. The results show the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithm.
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18
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Takano APC, Justo LT, Dos Santos NV, Marquezini MV, de André PA, da Rocha FMM, Pasqualucci CA, Barrozo LV, Singer JM, De André CDS, Saldiva PHN, Veras MM. Pleural anthracosis as an indicator of lifetime exposure to urban air pollution: An autopsy-based study in Sao Paulo. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:23-32. [PMID: 30884435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between air pollution and adverse health effects using a wide variety of methods to assess exposure. However, the assessment of individual long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is a challenging task and has not been evaluated in a large autopsy study. Our goal was to investigate whether exposure to urban air pollution is associated to the degree of lung anthracosis, considering modifying factors such as personal habits, mobility patterns and occupational activities. We conducted a study in Sao Paulo, Brazil from February 2017 to June 2018, combining epidemiological, spatial analysis and autopsy-based approaches. Information about residential address, socio-demographic details, occupation, smoking status, time of residence in the city and time spent commuting was collected via questionnaires applied to the next-of-kin. Images of the pleura surface from upper and lower lobes were used to quantify anthracosis in the lungs. We used multiple regression models to assess the association between the amount of carbon deposits in human lungs, measured by the fraction of pleural anthracosis (FA), and potential explanatory variables. We analyzed 413 cases and our data showed that for each additional hour spent in daily commuting, the ratio FA/(1-FA) is multiplied by 1.05 (95% confidence interval: [1.02; 1.08]). The estimated coefficient for daily hours spent in traffic was not considerably affected by the inclusion of socio-demographic variables and smoking habits. We estimate a tobacco equivalent dose of 5 cigarettes per day in a city where annual PM2.5 concentration oscillates around 25 μg/m3. Pleural anthracosis is a potential index of lifetime exposure to traffic-derived air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Cremasco Takano
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lígia Vizeu Barrozo
- Department of Geography, School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio M Singer
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo (IEA-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Shimojo M, Kasahara Y, Inoue M, Tsunoda SI, Shudo Y, Kurata T, Obika S. A gapmer antisense oligonucleotide targeting SRRM4 is a novel therapeutic medicine for lung cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7618. [PMID: 31110284 PMCID: PMC6527545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive neuroendocrine phenotype of the deadliest human lung cancers. However the therapeutic landscape for SCLC has not changed in over 30 years. Effective treatment and prognosis are needed to combat this aggressive cancer. Herein we report that Ser/Arg repetitive matrix 4 (SRRM4), a splicing activator, is abnormally expressed at high levels in SCLC and thus is a potential therapeutic target. We screened an effective gapmer antisense oligonucleotide (gASO) targeting SRRM4 in vitro which led to cell death of SCLC. Our gASO, which is stabilized by containing artificial nucleotides, effectively represses SRRM4 mRNA. We found that our gASO repressed SRRM4 synthesis leading to a dramatic tumor reduction in a lung cancer mouse model. We also analyzed miRNA microarray and found that the miR-4516 is abnormally increased in exosomes in the blood of SCLC patients. Treating with gASO suppressed tumors in the SCLC model mouse concurrently reduced plasma miR-4516. In conclusion this study reports that administration of an SRRM4-targeted gASO coupled with a novel miRNA diagnostic methodology represents a potential breakthrough in the therapeutic treatment of high mortality SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Shimojo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuuya Kasahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masaki Inoue
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-8586, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tsunoda
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-8586, Japan
| | - Yoshie Shudo
- Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takayasu Kurata
- Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
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20
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Tantoh DM, Lee KJ, Nfor ON, Liaw YC, Lin C, Chu HW, Chen PH, Hsu SY, Liu WH, Ho CC, Lung CC, Wu MF, Liaw YC, Debnath T, Liaw YP. Methylation at cg05575921 of a smoking-related gene (AHRR) in non-smoking Taiwanese adults residing in areas with different PM 2.5 concentrations. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:69. [PMID: 31060609 PMCID: PMC6503351 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is associated with cancer, metabolic, neurological, and autoimmune disorders. Hypomethylation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) especially at cg05575921 is associated with smoking and lung cancer. Studies on the association between AHRR methylation at cg05575921 and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) other than smoking are limited. The aim of our study was to assess the pattern of blood DNA methylation at cg05575921 in non-smoking Taiwanese adults living in areas with different PM2.5 levels. METHODS Data on blood DNA methylation, smoking, and residence were retrieved from the Taiwan Biobank dataset (2008-2015). Current and former smokers, as well as individuals with incomplete information were excluded from the current study. The final analysis included 708 participants (279 men and 429 women) aged 30-70 years. PM2.5 levels have been shown to increase as one moves from the northern through central towards southern Taiwan. Based on this trend, the study areas were categorized into northern, north-central, central, and southern regions. RESULTS Living in PM2.5 areas was associated with lower methylation levels: compared with the northern area (reference area), living in north-central, central, and southern areas was associated with lower methylation levels at cg05575921. However, only methylation levels in those living in central and southern areas were significant (β = - 0.01003, P = 0.009 and β = - 0.01480, P < 0.001, respectively. Even though methylation levels in those living in the north-central area were not statistically significant, the test for linear trend was significant (P < 0.001). When PM2.5 was included in the regression model, a unit increase in PM2.5 was associated with 0.00115 (P < 0.001) lower cg05575921 methylation levels. CONCLUSION Living in PM2.5 areas was inversely associated with blood AHRR methylation levels at cg05575921. The methylation levels were lowest in participants residing in southern followed by central and north-central areas. Moreover, when PM2.5 was included in the regression model, it was inversely associated with methylation levels at cg05575921. Blood methylation at cg05575921 (AHRR) in non-smokers might indicate different exposures to PM2.5 and lung cancer which is a PM2.5-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jung Lee
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Liaw
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Wei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lung
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Liaw
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tonmoy Debnath
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Road, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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21
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Choe SA, Jun YB, Lee WS, Yoon TK, Kim SY. Association between ambient air pollution and pregnancy rate in women who underwent IVF. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:1071-1078. [PMID: 29659826 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are the concentrations of five criteria air pollutants associated with probabilities of biochemical pregnancy loss and intrauterine pregnancy in women? SUMMARY ANSWER Increased concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) and after embryo transfer were associated with a decreased probability of intrauterine pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Exposure to high ambient air pollution was suggested to be associated with low fertility and high early pregnancy loss in women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Using a retrospective cohort study design, we analysed 6621 cycles of 4581 patients who underwent one or more fresh IVF cycles at a fertility centre from January 2006 to December 2014, and lived in Seoul at the time of IVF treatment. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS To estimate patients' individual exposure to air pollution, we computed averages of hourly concentrations of five air pollutants including PM10, NO2, CO, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) measured at 40 regulatory monitoring sites in Seoul for each of the four exposure periods: period 1 (start of COS to oocyte retrieval), period 2 (oocyte retrieval to embryo transfer), period 3 (embryo transfer to hCG test), and period 4 (start of COS to hCG test). Hazard ratios (HRs) from the time-varying Cox-proportional hazards model were used to estimate probabilities of biochemical pregnancy loss and intrauterine pregnancy for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in each air pollutant concentration during each period, after adjusting for individual characteristics. We tested the robustness of the result using generalised linear mixed model, accounting for within-woman correlation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mean age of the women was 35 years. Average BMI was 20.9 kg/m2 and the study population underwent 1.4 IVF cycles on average. Cumulative pregnancy rate in multiple IVF cycles was 51.3% per person. Survival analysis showed that air pollution during periods 1 and 3 was generally associated with IVF outcomes. Increased NO2 (adjusted HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99) and CO (0.94, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.00) during period 1 were associated with decreased probability of intrauterine pregnancy. PM10 (0.92, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), NO2 (0.93, 95% CI = 0.86, 1.00) and CO (0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.00) levels during period 3 were also inversely associated with intrauterine pregnancy. Both PM10 (1.17, 95% CI: 1.04 1.33) and NO2 (1.18, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.34) during period 3 showed positive associations with biochemical pregnancy loss. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The district-specific ambient air pollution treated as an individual exposure may not represent the actual level of each woman's exposure to air pollution. Smoking, working status, parity or gravidity of women, and semen analysis data were not included in the analysis. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study provided evidence of an association between increased ambient concentrations of PM10, NO2 and CO and reduced probabilities for achieving intrauterine pregnancy using multiple IVF cycle data. Specifically, our results indicated that lower intrauterine pregnancy rates in IVF cycles may be linked to ambient air pollution during COS and the post-transfer period. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2013 R1A6A3A04059017, 2016 R1D1A1B03933410 and 2018 R1A2B6004608) and the National Cancer Center of Korea (NCC-1810220-01). The authors report no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Choe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, CHA University.,CHA fertility center, Seoul station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - Y B Jun
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - W S Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, CHA University.,Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - T K Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, CHA University.,CHA fertility center, Seoul station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10408, Korea
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22
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Tibuakuu M, Michos ED, Navas-Acien A, Jones MR. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: A Focus on Vulnerable Populations Worldwide. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2018; 5:370-378. [PMID: 30931239 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-018-0166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Certain subgroups defined by sociodemographics (race/ethnicity, age, sex and socioeconomic status [SES]), geographic location (rural vs. urban), comorbid conditions and country economic conditions (developed vs. developing) may disproportionately suffer the adverse cardiovascular effects of exposure to ambient air pollution. Yet, previous reviews have had a broad focus on the general population without consideration of these potentially vulnerable populations. Recent findings Over the past decade, a wealth of epidemiologic studies have linked air pollutants including particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, subclinical CVD, clinical cardiovascular outcomes and cardiovascular mortality in certain susceptible populations. Highest risk for poor CVD outcomes from air pollution exist in racial/ethnic minorities, especially in blacks compared to whites in the U.S, those at low SES, elderly populations, women, those with certain comorbid conditions and developing countries compared to developed countries. However, findings are less consistent for urban compared to rural populations. Summary Vulnerable subgroups including racial/ethnic minorities, women, the elderly, smokers, diabetics and those with prior heart disease had higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes from exposure to air pollution. There is limited data from developing countries where concentrations of air pollutants are more extreme and cardiovascular event rates are higher than that of developed countries. Further epidemiologic studies are needed to understand and address the marked disparities in CVD risk conferred by air pollution globally, particularly among these vulnerable subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tibuakuu
- St. Luke's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, USA.,Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Wu J, Lu J, Min X, Zhang Z. Distribution and health risks of aerosol black carbon in a representative city of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19403-19412. [PMID: 29728970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although aerosol black carbon (BC) exerts strong influences on human health, research on potential health risks of aerosol BC around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is very limited. This is the very first study to investigate the distribution of aerosol BC in a typical city of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the resulting health risks. The results showed that the maximal real-time (5-min monitoring interval) concentration of aerosol BC was 22.34 μg/m3, much higher than day- and week-averaged concentrations which were in the range of 1.28-6.15 and 1.93-4.63 μg/m3, respectively. The health risks were evaluated using four different health endpoints including low birth weight (LBW), percentage lung function decrement of school-aged children (PLFD), cardiovascular mortality (CM), and lung cancer (LC). The highest risks of LBW, PLFD, CM, and LC had reached 69.5, 184.4, 67.4, and 31.8 numbers of equivalent passively smoked cigarettes (PSC), respectively. The concentrations and health risks of aerosol BC in the study area are at a middle level among the global cities/regions. In comparison, the cities of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are experiencing high potential health risks resulting from aerosol BC to need more effective prevention and control of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China.
| | - Xiuyun Min
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Xining, Qinghai, 810008, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
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