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Morales-Alducin M, Flores Peña Y, Gutiérrez Valverde JM, Trujillo Hernández PE, Ángel García J. [Parenting stress, maternal feeding styles related to preschooler body mass index]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:1159-1165. [PMID: 37522436 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: excess weight in childhood is influenced by multiple factors; parenting could contribute to this problem, given that during the infant stage the parents, and mainly the mother, are responsible for providing food and feeding their children. Objective: to explore the relationship of parenting stress and maternal feeding styles with preschool BMI. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study. A total of 382 dyads, mother and child (3-5 years of age) participated. The children attended public preschool institutions. Participating mothers completed the Parenting Stress Scale and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Weight and height were measured, and the child's BMI was calculated. Results: 34 % of the mothers more frequently used an indulgent style, 28.2 % of the preschool children had overweight-obese. Mothers with an authoritative style had the highest mean range of parenting stress compared to other categories (H = 15.302, gl = 3, p = 0.002). Maternal schooling, responsibility and demand dimensions were identified as contributing to preschooler BMI. Conclusion: parenting stress and feeding styles are variables that contribute to the risk of overweight-obesity in prescho.
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Family socioeconomic status and childhood adiposity in Europe - A scoping review. Prev Med 2022; 160:107095. [PMID: 35594926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a considerable public health problem worldwide. In Europe, lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) relates to higher childhood adiposity. This scoping review strives to discover, which SES indicators are the most commonly used and meaningful determinants of childhood adiposity (greater level of continuous adiposity indicator, e.g. body mass index z-score, or overweight or obesity categorized by established definitions). The review focused on studies about European general populations from the 21st century (January 2000-April 2021) considering children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. PubMed and reference lists of articles were searched in February-April 2021. Total of 53 studies with 121 association analyses between different SES indicators and adiposity indicators, were identified and reviewed. Different SES indicators were grouped to 25 indicators and further to six indicator groups. The most used indicator was mother's education (n of association analyses = 24) and the most used indicator group was parental education (n of association analyses = 51). Of all association analyses, 55% were inverse, 36% were non-significant, and 8% were positive. Composite SES (80%), parental education (69%) and parental occupation (64%) indicators showed most frequently inverse associations with obesity measures (i.e. lower parental SES associating with higher adiposity), while parental income (50% inverse; 50% non-significant) and property and affluence (42% inverse; 50% nonsignificant) indicators showed approximately even number of inverse and non-significant associations. Instead, majority of parental employment (60%) indicators, showed non-significant associations and 33% showed positive associations (i.e. higher parental SES associating with higher adiposity). Despite some variation in percentages, majority of the associations were inverse in each age group and with different outcome categorizations. In girls and in boys, non-significant associations predominated. It seems that children with parents of higher SES have lower likelihood of adiposity in Europe. Parents' employment appears to differ from other SES indicators, so that having an employed parent(s) does not associate with lower likelihood of adiposity. Positive associations seem to occur more frequently in poorer countries. Criteria for uniform childhood SES and adiposity measures should be established and used in studies in order to be able to produce comparable results across countries.
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Amaerjiang N, Xiao H, Zunong J, Shu W, Li M, Pérez-Escamilla R, Hu Y. Sleep disturbances in children newly enrolled in elementary school are associated with parenting stress in China. Sleep Med 2021; 88:247-255. [PMID: 34798441 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of children's sleep disturbances among students newly enrolled in elementary school, and explored the association between the two during the child's transition from kindergarten to elementary school. METHODS In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,510 newly enrolled school kids and their parents in Beijing. Children's sleep characteristics were evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and parenting stress characteristics were assessed with the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between children's sleep and parenting stress. RESULTS A total of 77.9% of children newly enrolled in elementary school had sleep disturbances and 15.6% of parents had experienced parenting stress. When examining the relationship between children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress, monthly family income over US$1,550 was a protective factor and children with sleep disturbances were associated with higher risk of parenting stress. Two subscales from the CSHQ were associated with higher parenting stress risk: sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Similarly, parents experiencing parenting stress had children with higher risk of sleep disturbances. This risk was also higher for children from parents screening positive in the PSI-SF subscales for parental distress and difficult child. CONCLUSIONS We found that children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress were common and there was a bidirectional association between the two during this transition time. Schools and communities need to provide timely psychological support for children and parents to address major stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubiya Amaerjiang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huidi Xiao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiawulan Zunong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wen Shu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | | | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Rohde JF, Larsen SC, Händel MN, Olsen NJ, Stougaard M, Heitmann BL. Associations between Parental Stress and Subsequent Changes in Dietary Intake and Quality among Preschool Children Susceptible to Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073590. [PMID: 33808371 PMCID: PMC8038074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies indicate that parental stress may be a barrier for healthy dietary behaviours among children. However, there is a lack of evidence from longitudinal studies on the association between parental stress and changes in dietary intake among toddlers. The aim of this study was to examine the association between parental stress and changes in dietary intake and quality among preschool children susceptible to obesity. METHODS In the Healthy Start study, parents to 250 preschool children had completed a modified version of the Parental Stress Index and assessed the dietary intake of their children at baseline and after 15 months of follow up. The association between parental stress and changes in dietary intake and quality was examined using multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for potential confounders. We tested for potential effect modification by group allocation and sex. RESULTS There were no significant associations between parental stress and subsequent changes in child total energy intake, intake of macronutrients or intake of fruit, vegetables, sugar sweetened beverages, fish or starch, or dietary quality. CONCLUSION This study provides no evidence to support an association between parental stress and subsequent change in dietary intake and quality of their children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, Trial number: NCT01583335, Registered: 31 March 2012, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofus Christian Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Mina Nicole Händel
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Nanna Julie Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
| | - Maria Stougaard
- Center for Early Interventions and Family Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark;
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.C.L.); (M.N.H.); (N.J.O.); (B.L.H.)
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Jang M, Owen B, Lauver DR. Different types of parental stress and childhood obesity: A systematic review of observational studies. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1740-1758. [PMID: 31475448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Different types of parental stress may influence children's health behaviors and weight. The aim of this review was to systematically examine the relationships between parental stress and child obesity. We reviewed 27 studies published through December 2018 and classified parental stress as parents' general stress, parenting role stress, and life event stress. There were positive relationships of parents' general stress and parenting role stress with child obesity among families with younger children and in longitudinal studies. The relationship between life event stress and child obesity differed by measures. We found that parenting role stress may be associated with unhealthy parenting practices. Contextual factors such as children's and parents' sex, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure appeared to play a moderating role in the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity, which warrant cautious interpretation. Our recommendations for future research include clarifying further the types of parental stress that influence child obesity, evaluating long-term relationship between parental stress and child obesity, and identifying possible mediating factors to support the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity. Researchers may also consider developing stress management programs for parents to address child obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungock Jang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Brenda Owen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Diane R Lauver
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin
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Dogru AO, Kahraman A, Seker DZ, Sivri N. GIS based evaluation of social determinants of children's health in Turkey: Case study of Istanbul. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108753. [PMID: 31563031 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Basic elements considered as social determinants of the health varies in political, socio-economic, structural and intermediary contexts. While socio-economic and political contexts are directly related with the social, economic, public and health policies in country scale. The structural context additionally includes socio-economic dimensions such as income, education, occupation, social class, gender and race/ethnicity. In addition to these basic determinants, the public health, and especially the children health is also affected by the intermediary determinants, which are material circumstances including physical conditions of the working, housing and neighborhood environments and consumption potential (i.e. healthy foods, proper clothing etc.). Existing experiences provided that, the children who grow up on low socioeconomic conditions or on inappropriate environmental conditions including the residential structures tend to become more often ill than the children living in better environmental and socio-economic conditions. This situation reveals the importance of the city planning in terms of providing better conditions for children's health. This study aims to evaluate the social determinants of children's health by the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. For this purpose, a variety of social determinants in terms of political (quality and quantity of health services), structural (education and social class) and intermediary (physical environment, housing, and neighborhood) contexts were examined in Bakırköy and Esenler districts, which are located European side of Istanbul. For this purpose, 2017 dated official dataset including census information and the statistics on the quality and the quantity of the education and health services in two districts were used for examining the political and structural determinants. The spatial characteristics of the physical environment and housing conditions in the study area were constructed from cadastral maps and development plans by use of GIS tools. As a last step, children's health data that consists of pediatric patient visits and diagnosis reports from 12 hospitals in Bakırköy and Esenler districts were also examined for understanding the potential relationships between the social determinants and existing health conditions. Results of this research revealed that the Bakırköy district has better conditions in terms of all health determinants when compared with Esenler district. Therefore, the health status of children living in Bakirköy is expected to be better than those living in the Esenler, which coincides with the evaluation of official children health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ozgur Dogru
- Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Geomatics, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Kahraman
- Istanbul Technical University, Institue of Informatics, Geographic Information Technology Programme, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dursun Zafer Seker
- Istanbul Technical University, Institue of Informatics, Geographic Information Technology Programme, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nuket Sivri
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaş, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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The effect of residential greenness and city park visiting habits on preschool Children's mental and general health in Lithuania: A cross-sectional study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 223:142-150. [PMID: 31564508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the association between levels of residential surrounding greenness, preschool children's park use, sedentary behaviour, and mental and general health. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1489 4-6-year-old children - residents of Kaunas city, Lithuania. Responses to the questionnaires completed by parents were used to ascertain children's general and mental health. We estimated exposure to greenness by the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and time spent in a park (i.e. park use). We used multivariate logistic regression models to explore the independent associations between health outcomes and surrounding greenness and time spent in the nearest city park, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Of all the studied children, 14% had poor perceived general health, and 44.7% spent 5 or more hours per week in city parks. A significant increase in sedentary behaviour was observed in children with poor health. Every additional hour of time spent in parks was associated with decreased sedentary behaviour and a lower risk of poor health; meanwhile, lower residential greenness was associated with poorer mental and general health. Compared with NDVI-100 m > median and park use exceeding 5 h per week, lower greenness exposure and shorter park usage were associated with the risk of poor health (adjusted odds ratio 2.32 (95% CI: 1.43, 3.78) and the general risk of mental difficulties (adjusted odds ratio 1.43 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.18) in 4-6-year-old children. CONCLUSIONS Lower residential greenness levels and less time spent in a park were associated with poorer general and mental health among 4-6-year-old children. Physical activity in green spaces is recommended as a measure to prevent poor general and mental health among children.
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Larsen SC, Rohde JF, Olsen NJ, Händel MN, Stougaard M, Fahrenkrug J, Heitmann BL. Association between hair cortisol concentration and dietary intake among normal weight preschool children predisposed to overweight and obesity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213573. [PMID: 30849107 PMCID: PMC6407774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between chronically elevated cortisol, as measured by hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and dietary intake among children has generally not been explored. Moreover, it is unknown whether there is an association between parental HCC and dietary intake among their children. Objective To examine associations between HCC and dietary intake among children, and to explore the association between parental HCC and dietary intake among their children. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 296 children predisposed to overweight and obesity who participated in the Healthy Start study. Multiple Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between HCC and total energy intake, macronutrients, fruit and vegetables, added sugar, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and a diet quality index (DQI). Results Among the children, we found that higher HCC was associated with a lower consumption of dietary fat (β: -0.7 g/day [95% CI: -1.3, -0.0] per 100 pg/mg HCC). We found no statistically significant association between HCC and intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate, fruit and vegetables, added sugar, SSB or DQI. We found no association between parental HCC and intake of total energy, added sugar, selected food groups or DQI among their children. However, stratified analyses showed that paternal HCC was associated with a borderline significant lower total energy intake and significantly lower protein intake, but only among daughters (adjusted β: -42 kcal/day [95% CI: -85, 0] and -2.6 g/day [95% CI: -4.4, -0.8] per 100 pg/mg HCC, respectively). Conclusion Among children, chronic stress as measured by HCC may be associated with a lower fat consumption, and paternal HCC may be associated with a lower intake of energy and protein among their daughters. However, the associations observed were weak, and any clinical relevance of these findings remains questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeanett F. Rohde
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Research and Development, Health Science, University College UCC, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Nanna J. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mina N. Händel
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maria Stougaard
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan Fahrenkrug
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Grimalt JO, Böse-O'Reilly S, van den Hazel P. Steps forward reduction of environmental impact on children's health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:184-185. [PMID: 29501005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Stephan Böse-O'Reilly
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine. University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter van den Hazel
- International Network on Children's Health, Environment and Safety (INCHES), The Netherlands
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Rey Gozalo G, Barrigón Morillas JM, Montes González D, Atanasio Moraga P. Relationships among satisfaction, noise perception, and use of urban green spaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:438-450. [PMID: 29268216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rey Gozalo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 5 Poniente 1670, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Juan Miguel Barrigón Morillas
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - David Montes González
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro Atanasio Moraga
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Politécnica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Impact of the Social and Natural Environment on Preschool-Age Children Weight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030449. [PMID: 29510565 PMCID: PMC5876994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The complex impact of environmental and social factors on preschool children being overweight/obese is unclear. We examined the associations between the levels of green space exposure and the risk of being overweight/obese for 4–6 year-old children and assessed the impact of maternal education on these associations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1489 mother-child pairs living in Kaunas, Lithuania, in 2012–2013. We assessed children overweight/obesity by standardized questionnaires using international body mass index cut-off points, and the level of greenness exposures by satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each child’s home and by the distance to a nearest city park. The maternal education was used as the SES indicator. We used logistic regression models to investigate the strength of the associations. Results: Children from families with poorer maternal education, pathological mother-child relations and smoking mothers, and living in areas with less greenness exposure (NDVI-100 m), had significantly higher odds ratios of being overweight/obese. Lower maternal education and distance to a city park modified the effect of greenness cover level exposure on the risk of children being overweight/obese. Conclusions: Higher greenness exposure in the residential settings has beneficial effects on children’s physical development. The green spaces exposures for psychosocial stress management is recommended as a measure to prevent overweight/obesity among children.
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Grazuleviciene R, Andrusaityte S, Petraviciene I, Balseviciene B. Impact of Psychosocial Environment on Young Children's Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101278. [PMID: 29064401 PMCID: PMC5664778 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The impact of maternal psychosocial stress on young children’s mental difficulties is unclear. This study investigated the joint effects of the socioeconomic status and parent-child relationships on emotional and behavioral difficulties in preschool children. Methods: The case-control study included 1416 mothers and their 4–6 year-old children pairs, living in Kaunas city, Lithuania. The parent-child relationships were measured using the Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction subscale. Children’s mental health difficulties were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We used logistic regression models to indicate the strength of the associations. Results: Lower socioeconomic status women more often than higher ones reported pathological mother-child relations. Low education level was associated with statistically significant increase adjusted odds ratios for emotional symptoms and total behavioral difficulties. With reference to the group of better-educated mothers and normal mother-child relations, low education and pathological mother-child relations statistically significantly increased the risk of total difficulties in 4–6 year-old children; the adjusted odds ratios were 2.45; 95% CI 1.51–3.99. Conclusions: Pathological mother-child relations strengthened the effect of lower education on the increased risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties in preschool-age children. Measures oriented towards health behavior and psychosocial difficulties management may decrease children’s emotional and behavioral difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Grazuleviciene
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Inga Petraviciene
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Birute Balseviciene
- Department of Theoretical Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaicio str. 58, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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