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Šulc L, Figueiredo D, Huss A, Kalina J, Gregor P, Janoš T, Šenk P, Dalecká A, Andrýsková L, Kodeš V, Čupr P. Current-use pesticide exposure pathways in Czech adults and children from the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108297. [PMID: 37939438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to characterise exposure to pyrethroids, organophosphates, and tebuconazole through multiple pathways in 110 parent-child pairs participating in the CELSPAC-SPECIMEn study. METHODS First, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of pesticides based on measured urinary metabolites. Second, we compared EDI with estimated pesticide intake from food. We used multiple linear regression to identify the main predictors of urinary pesticide concentrations. We also assessed the relationship between urinary pesticide concentrations and organic and non-organic food consumption while controlling for a range of factors. Finally, we employed a model to estimate inhalation and dermal exposure due to spray drift and volatilization after assuming pesticide application in crop fields. RESULTS EDI was often higher in children in comparison to adults, especially in the winter season. A comparison of food intake estimates and EDI suggested diet as a critical pathway of tebuconazole exposure, less so in the case of organophosphates. Regression models showed that consumption per g of peaches/apricots was associated with an increase of 0.37% CI [0.23% to 0.51%] in urinary tebuconazole metabolite concentrations. Consumption of white bread was associated with an increase of 0.21% CI [0.08% to 0.35%], and consumption of organic strawberries was inversely associated (-61.52% CI [-79.34% to -28.32%]), with urinary pyrethroid metabolite concentrations. Inhalation and dermal exposure seemed to represent a relatively small contribution to pesticide exposure as compared to dietary intake. CONCLUSION In our study population, findings indicate diet plays a significant role in exposure to the analysed pesticides. We found an influence of potential exposure due to spray drift and volatilization among the subpopulation residing near presumably sprayed crop fields to be minimal in comparison. However, the lack of data indicating actual spraying occurred during the critical 24-hour period prior to urine sample collection could be a significant contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Šulc
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Figueiredo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gregor
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Janoš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dalecká
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kodeš
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Guzman-Torres H, Sandoval-Pinto E, Cremades R, Ramírez-de-Arellano A, García-Gutiérrez M, Lozano-Kasten F, Sierra-Díaz E. Frequency of urinary pesticides in children: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1227337. [PMID: 37711246 PMCID: PMC10497881 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1227337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are any mix of ingredients and substances used to eliminate or control unwanted vegetable or animal species recognized as plagues. Its use has been discussed in research due to the scarcity of strong scientific evidence about its health effects. International literature is still insufficient to establish a global recommendation through public policy. This study aims to explore international evidence of the presence of pesticides in urine samples from children and their effects on health through a scoping review based on the methodology described by Arksey and O'Malley. The number of articles resulting from the keyword combination was 454, and a total of 93 manuscripts were included in the results and 22 were complementary. Keywords included in the search were: urinary, pesticide, children, and childhood. Children are exposed to pesticide residues through a fruit and vegetable intake environment and household insecticide use. Behavioral effects of neural damage, diabetes, obesity, and pulmonary function are health outcomes for children that are commonly studied. Gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods are used predominantly for metabolite-pesticide detection in urine samples. Dialkylphosphates (DAP) are common in organophosphate (OP) metabolite studies. First-morning spot samples are recommended to most accurately characterize OP dose in children. International evidence in PubMed supports that organic diets in children are successful interventions that decrease the urinary levels of pesticides. Several urinary pesticide studies were found throughout the world's population. However, there is a knowledge gap that is important to address (public policy), due to farming activities that are predominant in these territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Guzman-Torres
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Elena Sandoval-Pinto
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rosa Cremades
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Centro Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ramírez-de-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mariana García-Gutiérrez
- Centro Metropolitano de Atención de la Diabetes Tipo 1, OPD Servicios de Salud, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Felipe Lozano-Kasten
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erick Sierra-Díaz
- Departamentos de Clínicas Quirúrgicas y Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- División de Epidemiología, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente del IMSS, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Guimarães J, Bracchi I, Pinheiro C, Moreira NX, Coelho CM, Pestana D, Prucha MDC, Martins C, Domingues VF, Delerue-Matos C, Dias CC, Azevedo LFR, Calhau C, Leite JC, Ramalho C, Keating E, Fernandes VC. Association of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Exposure during Pregnancy with Maternal Outcomes and Newborn Anthropometric Measures: Results from the IoMum Cohort Study. TOXICS 2023; 11:125. [PMID: 36851000 PMCID: PMC9958656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to characterize the exposure of pregnant women living in Portugal to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and to evaluate the association of this exposure with maternal outcomes and newborn anthropometric measures. We also aimed to compare exposure in summer with exposure in winter. Pregnant women attending ultrasound scans from April 2018 to April 2019 at a central hospital in Porto, Portugal, were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria were: gestational week between 10 and 13, confirmed fetal vitality, and a signature of informed consent. 3-PBA was measured in spot urine samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The median 3-PBA concentration was 0.263 (0.167; 0.458) µg/g creatinine (n = 145). 3-PBA excretion was negatively associated with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.049), and it was higher during the summer when compared to winter (p < 0.001). The frequency of fish or yogurt consumption was associated positively with 3-PBA excretion, particularly during the winter (p = 0.002 and p = 0.015, respectively), when environmental exposure is low. Moreover, 3-PBA was associated with levothyroxine use (p = 0.01), a proxy for hypothyroidism, which could be due to a putative 3-PBA-thyroid hormone antagonistic effect. 3-PBA levels were not associated with the anthropometric measures of the newborn. In conclusion, pregnant women living in Portugal are exposed to 3-PBA, particularly during summer, and this exposure may be associated with maternal clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Guimarães
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabella Bracchi
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Pinheiro
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nara Xavier Moreira
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (MND), Faculty of Nutrition Emília de Jesus Ferreiro (FNEJF), Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 20010-010, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Matta Coelho
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School│FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Prucha
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Martins
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C. Dias
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Filipe R. Azevedo
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School│FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Costa Leite
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Ramalho
- Department of Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Ginecology-Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Keating
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Politécnico do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
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Rousseau M, Rouzeau C, Bainvel J, Pelé F. Domestic Exposure to Chemicals in Household Products, Building Materials, Decoration, and Pesticides: Guidelines for Interventions During the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67 Suppl 1:S113-S134. [PMID: 36480667 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We are exposed to numerous pollutants inside our homes. The perinatal period represents a particular window of vulnerability during which these exposures can have negative health effects over a more or less long term. The objective of this article is to formulate guidelines for health care professionals and intended for parents to reduce exposure to chemical pollutants at home, based on the scientific literature and already existing guidelines. METHODS We have followed the methodological procedures set forth by the French authority for health (HAS) to establish guidelines to limit exposure to pollutants in homes. This narrative review of the scientific literature was conducted with two principal objectives: (1) to identify priority substances emitted within homes and that have a reprotoxic potential and (2) to identify measures to limit exposure to these residential pollutants. The guidelines were developed from the data in the literature and from advice already made available by diverse institutions about environmental health during the perinatal period. RESULTS Domestic pollutants are numerous and come from both common (that is, shared, eg, painting, cleaning, and maintenance work) and specific (use of household pesticides) sources. Numerous pollutants are suspected or known to produce developmental toxicity, that is, to be toxic to children during developmental stages. Removing some products from the home, protecting the vulnerable (ie, pregnant women and young children) from exposure, and airing the home are among the preventive measures proposed to limit exposure to these chemical substances. CONCLUSION Health care professionals can provide advice to parents during the perinatal period to diminish exposure to household pollutants. The lack of interventional studies nonetheless limits the level of evidence for most of these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélie Rousseau
- Association pour la Prévention de la Pollution Atmosphérique (APPA), Loos, France
| | - Camille Rouzeau
- Département de médecine générale, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Justine Bainvel
- Département de médecine générale, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Pelé
- Département de médecine générale, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, CIC 1414 (Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Rennes), Rennes, F-35000, France
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5
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Li Y, Wang X, Feary McKenzie J, 't Mannetje A, Cheng S, He C, Leathem J, Pearce N, Sunyer J, Eskenazi B, Yeh R, Aylward LL, Donovan G, Mueller JF, Douwes J. Pesticide exposure in New Zealand school-aged children: Urinary concentrations of biomarkers and assessment of determinants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107206. [PMID: 35395578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess pesticide exposure and its determinants in children aged 5-14 years. Urine samples (n = 953) were collected from 501 participating children living in urban areas (participant n = 300), rural areas but not on a farm (n = 76), and living on a farm (n = 125). The majority provided two samples, one in the high and one in the low spraying season. Information on diet, lifestyle, and demographic factors was collected by questionnaire. Urine was analysed for 20 pesticide biomarkers by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Nine analytes were detected in > 80% of samples, including six organophosphate insecticide metabolites (DMP, DMTP, DEP, DETP, TCPy, PNP), two pyrethroid insecticide metabolites (3-PBA, trans-DCCA), and one herbicide (2,4-D). The highest concentration was measured for TCPy (median 13 μg/g creatinine), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos and triclopyr, followed by DMP (11 μg/g) and DMTP (3.7 μg/g). Urine metabolite levels were generally similar or low compared to those reported for other countries, while relatively high for TCPy and pyrethroid metabolites. Living on a farm was associated with higher TCPy levels during the high spray season. Living in rural areas, dog ownership and in-home pest control were associated with higher levels of pyrethroid metabolites. Urinary concentrations of several pesticide metabolites were higher during the low spraying season, possibly due to consumption of imported fruits and vegetables. Organic fruit consumption was not associated with lower urine concentrations, but consumption of organic food other than fruit or vegetables was associated with lower concentrations of TCPy in the high spray season. In conclusion, compared to other countries such as the U.S., New Zealand children had relatively high exposures to chlorpyrifos/triclopyr and pyrethroids. Factors associated with exposure included age, season, area of residence, diet, in-home pest control, and pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Xianyu Wang
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Jean Feary McKenzie
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University. PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Andrea 't Mannetje
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University. PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Soo Cheng
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University. PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Chang He
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Janet Leathem
- School of Psychology, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Neil Pearce
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California,1995 University Ave, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Ruby Yeh
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Lesa L Aylward
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia; Summit Toxicology, LLP, 22044, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Donovan
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University. PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- QAEHS, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University. PO Box 756, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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González-Alzaga B, Hernández AF, Kim Pack L, Iavicoli I, Tolonen H, Santonen T, Vinceti M, Filippini T, Moshammer H, Probst-Hensch N, Kolossa-Gehring M, Lacasaña M. The questionnaire design process in the European Human Biomonitoring Initiative (HBM4EU). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107071. [PMID: 34979351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Designing questionnaires is a key point of epidemiological studies assessing human exposure to chemicals. The lack of validated questionnaires can lead to the use of previously developed and sub-optimally adapted questionnaires, which may result in information biases that affect the study's validity. On this ground, a multidisciplinary group of researchers developed a series of tools to support data collection within the HBM4EU initiative. The objective of this paper is to share the process of developing HBM4EU questionnaires, as well as to provide researchers with harmonized procedures that could help them to design future questionnaires to assess environmental exposures. METHODS In the frame of the work package on survey design and fieldwork of the HBM4EU, researchers carried out procedures necessary for the development of quality questionnaires and related data collection tools. These procedures consisted of a systematic search to identify questionnaires used in previous human biomonitoring (HBM) studies, as well as the development of a checklist and evaluation sheet to assess the questionnaires identified. The results of these evaluations were taken into consideration for the development of the final questionnaires. RESULTS The main points covered by each of the sections included in HBM4EU questionnaires are described and discussed in detail. Additional tools developed for data collection in the HBM4EU (e.g. non-responder questionnaire, satisfaction questionnaire, matrix-specific questionnaire) are also addressed. Special attention is paid to the limitations faced and hurdles overcome during the process of questionnaire development. CONCLUSIONS Designing questionnaires for use in HBM studies requires substantial effort by a multidisciplinary team to guarantee that the quality of the information collected meets the study's objectives. The process of questionnaire development described herein will contribute to improve the harmonization of HBM studies within the social and environmental context of the EU countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz González-Alzaga
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada (UGR) School of Medicine, Spain
| | - L Kim Pack
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Germany
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Public Health (DPH), University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Hanna Tolonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Santonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hanns Moshammer
- Department of Environmental Health, Centre for Public Health, Medical University Vienna (MUW), Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marina Lacasaña
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA. Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Andalusian Health and Environment Observatory (OSMAN), Granada, Spain.
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Vera-Herrera L, Sadutto D, Picó Y. Non-Occupational Exposure to Pesticides: Experimental Approaches and Analytical Techniques (from 2019). Molecules 2021; 26:3688. [PMID: 34208757 PMCID: PMC8235395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide residues are a threat to the health of the global population, not only to farmers, applicators, and other pesticide professionals. Humans are exposed through various routes such as food, skin, and inhalation. This study summarizes the different methods to assess and/or estimate human exposure to pesticide residues of the global population. METHODS A systematic search was carried out on Scopus and web of science databases of studies on human exposure to pesticide residues since 2019. RESULTS The methods to estimate human health risk can be categorized as direct (determining the exposure through specific biomarkers in human matrices) or indirect (determining the levels in the environment and food and estimating the occurrence). The role that analytical techniques play was analyzed. In both cases, the application of generic solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up, followed by liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, is decisive. Advances within the analytical techniques have played an unquestionable role. CONCLUSIONS All these studies have contributed to an important advance in the knowledge of analytical techniques for the detection of pesticide levels and the subsequent assessment of nonoccupational human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Moncada-Naquera Road km 4.5, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain; (L.V.-H.); (D.S.)
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8
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He B, Wang X, Jin X, Xue Z, Ni Y, Zhu J, Wang C, Jin Y, Fu Z. β‐Cypermethrin
Alleviated the Inhibitory Effect of Medium from
RAW
264.7 Cells on
3T3‐L1
Cell Maturation into Adipocytes. Lipids 2020; 55:251-260. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
| | - Xini Jin
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
| | - Zimeng Xue
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
| | - Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and BioengineeringZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou Zhejiang 310032 China
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