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Han W, Zhang J, Xu Z, Yang T, Huang J, Beevers S, Kelly F, Li G. Could the association between ozone and arterial stiffness be modified by fish oil supplementation? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118354. [PMID: 38325778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness (AS) is an important predicting factor for cardiovascular disease. However, no epidemiological studies have ever explored the mediating role of biomarkers in the association between ozone and AS, nor weather fish oil modified such association. METHODS Study participants were drawn from the UK biobank, and a total of 95,699 middle-aged and older adults were included in this study. Ozone was obtained from Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model matched to residential addresses, fish oil from self-reported intake, and arterial stiffness was based on device measurements. First, we applied a double robust approach to explore the association between ozone or fish oil intake and arterial stiffness, adjusting for potential confounders at the individual and regional levels. Then, how triglycerides, apolipoprotein B (Apo B)/apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) mediate the relationship between ozone and AS. Last, the modifying role of fish oil was further explored by stratified analysis. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 55 years; annual average ozone exposure was associated with ASI (beta:0.189 [95%CI: 0.146 to 0.233], P < 0.001), and compared to participants who did not consume fish oil, fish oil users had a lower ASI (beta: 0.061 [95%CI: -0.111 to -0.010], P = 0.016). The relationship between ozone exposure and AS was mediated by triglycerides, ApoB/ApoA, and Non-HDL-C with mediation proportions ranging from 10.90% to 18.30%. Stratified analysis showed lower estimates on the ozone-AS relationship in fish oil users (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION Ozone exposure was associated with higher levels of arterial stiffness, in contrast to fish oil consumption, which showed a protective association. The association between ozone exposure and arterial stiffness was partially mediated by some biomarkers. In the general population, fish oil consumption might provide protection against ozone-related AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihu Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sean Beevers
- Environmental Research group, school of public health, Imperial college London, London, UK.
| | - Frank Kelly
- Environmental Research group, school of public health, Imperial college London, London, UK.
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China; Environmental Research group, school of public health, Imperial college London, London, UK.
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2
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Sol JA, Covington AC, McCloy AD, Sessums IP, Malek EM, McGinnis GR, Quindry JC. Effects of Acute Sleep Deprivation on the Physiological Response to Woodsmoke and Exercise. J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:381-387. [PMID: 38383951 PMCID: PMC11073906 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate sleep deprivation effects on the acute physiological response to a combined stressor of woodsmoke and exercise. METHODS Ten participants completed two exercise trials (8 hours of sleep vs 4 hours) with woodsmoke. Trials were conducted in a crossover design. Key measures examined before and after each trial included heart rate variability, pulse wave velocity, blood pressure, pulmonary function testing, and oxidative stress. RESULTS Acute sleep deprivation experienced before exercise and woodsmoke exposure did not impact metrics of heart rate variability, pulse wave velocity, pulmonary function testing, blood pressure, or oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Acute sleep deprivation did not amplify physiologic metrics in response to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with inhaled woodsmoke. Although findings do not eliminate the negative impacts of inhaling woodsmoke, more research is needed to understand the acute effects of woodsmoke exposure on the cardiovascular system. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Sol
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Anna C. Covington
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Aidan D.A. McCloy
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Izaac P. Sessums
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Elias M. Malek
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada – Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Graham R. McGinnis
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada – Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV
| | - John C. Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
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Abstract
Wildfire smoke (WFS) is a mixture of respirable particulate matter, environmental gases, and other hazardous pollutants that originate from the unplanned burning of arid vegetation during wildfires. The increasing size and frequency of recent wildfires has escalated public and occupational health concerns regarding WFS inhalation, by either individuals living nearby and downstream an active fire or wildland firefighters and other workers that face unavoidable exposure because of their profession. In this review, we first synthesize current evidence from environmental, controlled, and interventional human exposure studies, to highlight positive associations between WFS inhalation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Motivated by these findings, we discuss preventative measures and suggest interventions to mitigate the cardiovascular impact of wildfires. We then review animal and cell exposure studies to call attention on the pathophysiological processes that support the deterioration of cardiovascular tissues and organs in response to WFS inhalation. Acknowledging the challenges of integrating evidence across independent sources, we contextualize laboratory-scale exposure approaches according to the biological processes that they model and offer suggestions for ensuring relevance to the human condition. Noting that wildfires are significant contributors to ambient air pollution, we compare the biological responses triggered by WFS to those of other harmful pollutants. We also review evidence for how WFS inhalation may trigger mechanisms that have been proposed as mediators of adverse cardiovascular effects upon exposure to air pollution. We finally conclude by highlighting research areas that demand further consideration. Overall, we aspire for this work to serve as a catalyst for regulatory initiatives to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of WFS inhalation in the community and alleviate the occupational risk in wildland firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (V.A.W., C.T.Y., N.A.M., J.M.O., C.B.)
| | - Luke R Perreault
- Department of Engineering, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA (L.R.P.)
| | - Charbel T Yazbeck
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (V.A.W., C.T.Y., N.A.M., J.M.O., C.B.)
| | - Nicholas A Micovic
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (V.A.W., C.T.Y., N.A.M., J.M.O., C.B.)
| | - Jessica M Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (V.A.W., C.T.Y., N.A.M., J.M.O., C.B.)
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (V.A.W., C.T.Y., N.A.M., J.M.O., C.B.)
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4
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Vu DL, Nguyen QT, Chung PS, Ahn KK. Flowing Liquid-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance Enhancement with Functionalized Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membrane for Self-Powered Pulsating Flow Sensing Application. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:536. [PMID: 38399914 PMCID: PMC10891804 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulsating flow, a common term in industrial and medical contexts, necessitates precise water flow measurement for evaluating hydrodynamic system performance. Addressing challenges in measurement technologies, particularly for pulsating flow, we propose a flowing liquid-based triboelectric nanogenerator (FL-TENG). To generate sufficient energy for a self-powered device, we employed a fluorinated functionalized technique on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane to enhance the performance of FL-TENG. The results attained a maximum instantaneous power density of 50.6 µW/cm2, and the energy output proved adequate to illuminate 10 white LEDs. Regression analysis depicting the dependence of the output electrical signals on water flow revealed a strong linear relationship between the voltage and flow rate with high sensitivity. A high correlation coefficient R2 within the range from 0.951 to 0.998 indicates precise measurement accuracy for the proposed FL-TENG. Furthermore, the measured time interval between two voltage peaks precisely corresponds to the period of pulsating flow, demonstrating that the output voltage can effectively sense pulsating flow based on voltage and the time interval between two voltage peaks. This work highlights the utility of FL-TENG as a self-powered pulsating flow rate sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Linh Vu
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnamdo 50834, Republic of Korea;
| | - Quang Tan Nguyen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea;
| | - Pil Seung Chung
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnamdo 50834, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Energy Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnamdo 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Kwan Ahn
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea;
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Palacio LC, Pachajoa DC, Echeverri-Londoño CA, Saiz J, Tobón C. Air Pollution and Cardiac Diseases: A Review of Experimental Studies. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231212793. [PMID: 37933269 PMCID: PMC10625734 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231212793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with around 6.5 million premature deaths annually, which are directly related to cardiovascular diseases, and the most dangerous atmospheric pollutants to health are as follows: NO2, SO2, CO, and PM. The mechanisms underlying the observed effects have not yet been clearly defined. This work aims to conduct a narrative review of experimental studies to provide a more comprehensive and multiperspective assessment of how the effect of atmospheric pollutants on cardiac activity can result in the development of cardiac diseases. For this purpose, a review was carried out in databases of experimental studies, excluding clinical trials, and epidemiological and simulation studies. After analyzing the available information, the existence of pathophysiological effects of the different pollutants on cardiac activity from exposure during both short-term and long-term is evident. This narrative review based on experimental studies is a basis for the development of recommendations for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Javier Saiz
- Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Kuntic M, Kuntic I, Hahad O, Lelieveld J, Münzel T, Daiber A. Impact of air pollution on cardiovascular aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 214:111857. [PMID: 37611809 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The world population is aging rapidly, and by some estimates, the number of people older than 60 will double in the next 30 years. With the increase in life expectancy, adverse effects of environmental exposures start playing a more prominent role in human health. Air pollution is now widely considered the most detrimental of all environmental risk factors, with some studies estimating that almost 20% of all deaths globally could be attributed to poor air quality. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and will continue to account for the most significant percentage of non-communicable disease burden. Cardiovascular aging with defined pathomechanisms is a major trigger of cardiovascular disease in old age. Effects of environmental risk factors on cardiovascular aging should be considered in order to increase the health span and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in older populations. In this review, we explore the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular aging, from the molecular mechanisms to cardiovascular manifestations of aging and, finally, the age-related cardiovascular outcomes. We also explore the distinction between the effects of air pollution on healthy aging and disease progression. Future efforts should focus on extending the health span rather than the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivana Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Shah S, Kim E, Kim KN, Ha E. Can individual protective measures safeguard cardiopulmonary health from air pollution? A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115708. [PMID: 36940818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the effect of individual protective measures (IPMs) on air pollution is relatively scarce. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of air purifiers, air-purifying respirators, and cookstove changes on cardiopulmonary health outcomes. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 31, 2022, 90 articles and 39,760 participants were included. Two authors independently searched and selected the studies, extracted information, and assessed each study's quality and risk of bias. We performed meta-analyses when three or more studies were available for each IPMs, with comparable intervention and health outcome. Systematic review showed that IPMs were beneficial in children and elderly with asthma along with healthy individuals. Meta-analysis results showed a reduction in cardiopulmonary inflammation using air purifiers than in control groups (with sham/no filter) with a decrease in interleukin 6 by -0.247 μg/mL (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -0.413, -0.082). A sub-group analysis for air purifier as an IPMs in developing counties reduced fractional exhaled nitric oxide by -0.208 ppb (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -0.394, -0.022). However, evidence describing the effects of air purifying respirator and cook stove changes on cardiopulmonary outcomes remained insufficient. Therefore, air purifiers can serve as efficient IPMs against air pollution. The beneficial effect of air purifiers is likely to have a greater effect in developing countries than in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Mooney M, Panagodage Perera NK, Saw R, Waddington G, Cross TJ, Hughes D. Exercise in bushfire smoke for high performance athletes: A Position Statement from the Australian Institute of SportEndorsed by Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians (ACSEP) and Sport Medicine Australia (SMA). J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:98-108. [PMID: 36858652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The frequency of bushfires in Australia is increasing and it is expected bushfire smoke will become a more prevalent phenomenon impacting air quality. The objective of this position statement is to provide guidance to the sport sector regarding exercise in air affected by bushfire smoke. DESIGN This is position statement from the Australian Institute of Sport, based on a narrative review of the literature regarding bushfire smoke and its effects on health and exercise performance. METHODS A narrative review of scientific publications regarding the effects of bushfire smoke on health and exercise performance. RESULTS Bushfire smoke has negative impacts on health and performance. Athletes exercising at high intensity over a prolonged duration will increase their exposure to air pollutants. Athletes with a history of elevated airway responsiveness are likely to be at increased risk of an adverse response to bushfire smoke exposure. CONCLUSIONS Athletes, coaches, support staff and sport organisations should monitor air quality (PM2.5 concentration) and make appropriate adjustments to training duration and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Mooney
- Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Australia. https://twitter.com/Mat_Mooney
| | - Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage Perera
- Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Australia. https://twitter.com/Nim_Perera
| | - Richard Saw
- Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia. https://twitter.com/_RichardSaw
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Australia. https://twitter.com/DrGWaddington
| | - Troy J Cross
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - David Hughes
- Sports Medicine, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia; University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE), University of Canberra, Australia.
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9
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Chen W, Han Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Qiu X, Li W, Xu Y, Zhu T. Glucose Metabolic Disorders Enhance Vascular Dysfunction Triggered by Particulate Air Pollution: a Panel Study. Hypertension 2022; 79:1079-1090. [PMID: 35193365 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dysfunction is a biological pathway whereby particulate matter (PM) exerts deleterious cardiovascular effects. The effects of ambient PM on vascular function in prediabetic individuals are unclear. METHODS A panel study recruited 112 Beijing residents with and without prediabetes. Multiple vascular function indices were measured up to 7 times. The associations between vascular function indices and short-term exposure to ambient PM, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ultrafine particles, accumulation mode particles, and black carbon, and the modification of these associations by glucose metabolic status were examined using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Increases in brachial artery pulse pressure, central aortic pulse pressure, and ejection duration, and decreases in subendocardial viability ratio and reactive hyperemia index were significantly associated with at least one PM pollutant in all participants, indicating increased vascular dysfunction. For example, for an interquartile range increment in 5-day moving average ultrafine particles, brachial artery pulse pressure, and central aortic pulse pressure increased 5.4% (0.8%-10.4%) and 6.2% (1.2%-11.5%), respectively. Additionally, PM-associated changes in vascular function differed according to glucose metabolic status. Among participants with high fasting blood glucose levels (≥6.1 mmol/L), PM exposure was significantly associated with increased brachial artery systolic blood pressure, central aortic systolic blood pressure, brachial artery pulse pressure, central aortic pulse pressure, and augmentation pressure normalized to a heart rate of 75 bpm and decreased subendocardial viability ratio and reactive hyperemia index. Weaker or null associations were observed in the low-fasting blood glucose group. CONCLUSIONS Glucose metabolic disorders may exacerbate vascular dysfunction associated with short-term ambient PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health (W.C., Y.H., Y.W., X.C., X.Q., Y.X., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health (W.C., Y.H., Y.W., X.C., X.Q., Y.X., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (Y.H.)
| | - Yanwen Wang
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health (W.C., Y.H., Y.W., X.C., X.Q., Y.X., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (Y.W.)
| | - Xi Chen
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health (W.C., Y.H., Y.W., X.C., X.Q., Y.X., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China.,Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Human Settlement in Green Building (TCHS), Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co, Ltd, Xiongan, China (X.C.)
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health (W.C., Y.H., Y.W., X.C., X.Q., Y.X., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiju Li
- Peking University Hospital (W.L.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health (W.C., Y.H., Y.W., X.C., X.Q., Y.X., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health (W.C., Y.H., Y.W., X.C., X.Q., Y.X., T.Z.), Peking University, Beijing, China
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Walker ES, Fedak KM, Good N, Balmes J, Brook RD, Clark ML, Cole-Hunter T, Devlin RB, L’Orange C, Luckasen G, Mehaffy J, Shelton R, Wilson A, Volckens J, Peel JL. Acute differences in blood lipids and inflammatory biomarkers following controlled exposures to cookstove air pollution in the STOVES study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:565-578. [PMID: 32615777 PMCID: PMC7775880 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1785402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Household air pollution is a leading risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. Numerous cookstoves have been developed to reduce household air pollution, but it is unclear whether such cookstoves meaningfully improve health. In a controlled exposure study with a crossover design, we assessed the effect of pollution emitted from multiple cookstoves on acute differences in blood lipids and inflammatory biomarkers. Participants (n = 48) were assigned to treatment sequences of exposure to air pollution emitted from five cookstoves and a filtered-air control. Blood lipids and inflammatory biomarkers were measured before and 0, 3, and 24 hours after treatments. Many of the measured outcomes had inconsistent results. However, compared to control, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was higher 3 hours after all treatments, and C-reactive protein and serum amyloid-A were higher 24 hours after the highest treatment. Our results suggest that short-term exposure to cookstove air pollution can increase inflammatory biomarkers within 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan S. Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kristen M. Fedak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert D. Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maggie L. Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert B. Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christian L’Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - John Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rhiannon Shelton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Williamson-Reisdorph CM, Tiemessen KG, Christison K, Gurney S, Richmond D, Wood K, Quindry TS, Dumke CL, Quindry JC. Cardiovascular and Blood Oxidative Stress Responses to Exercise and Acute Woodsmoke Exposure in Recreationally Active Individuals. Wilderness Environ Med 2021; 33:17-24. [PMID: 34887190 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Those who work and recreate outdoors experience woodsmoke exposure during fire season. Exercise during woodsmoke exposure harms the cardiovascular system, but the acute physiologic and biochemical responses are understudied. The purpose of this pilot laboratory-based study was to examine the effect of exercise during woodsmoke exposure on acute indicators of cardiovascular function, including heart rate variability (HRV), pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP), augmentation index (AIx), and blood oxidative stress. METHODS Ten participants performed 2 moderate-intensity exercise (70% V˙O2max) trials (clean air 0 μg·m-3, woodsmoke 250 μg·m-3) in a crossover design. HRV, PWV, BP, AIx, and blood oxidative stress were measured before, after, and 90 min after exercise for each trial. Blood oxidative stress was quantified through lipid damage (LOOH, 8-ISO), protein damage (3-NT, PC), and antioxidant capacity (TEAC). RESULTS A 45-min woodsmoke exposure combined with moderate-intensity exercise did not result in a statistically significant difference in HRV, PWV, BP, AIx, or oxidative stress (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite the known deleterious effects of smoke inhalation, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise while exposed to woodsmoke particulate matter (250 μg·m-3) did not result in a statistically significant difference in HRV, PWV, or blood oxidative stress in this methodologic context. Although findings do not negate the negative impact of woodsmoke inhalation, additional research approaches are needed to better understand the acute effects of smoke exposure on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn G Tiemessen
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Katie Christison
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Shae Gurney
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Dylan Richmond
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Kesley Wood
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Tiffany S Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Charles L Dumke
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - John C Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.
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12
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Chen H, Samet JM, Bromberg PA, Tong H. Cardiovascular health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:2. [PMID: 33413506 PMCID: PMC7791832 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, wildland fires have occurred more frequently and with increased intensity in many fire-prone areas. In addition to the direct life and economic losses attributable to wildfires, the emitted smoke is a major contributor to ambient air pollution, leading to significant public health impacts. Wildfire smoke is a complex mixture of particulate matter (PM), gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. PM from wildfire smoke has a high content of elemental carbon and organic carbon, with lesser amounts of metal compounds. Epidemiological studies have consistently found an association between exposure to wildfire smoke (typically monitored as the PM concentration) and increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. However, previous reviews of the health effects of wildfire smoke exposure have not established a conclusive link between wildfire smoke exposure and adverse cardiovascular effects. In this review, we systematically evaluate published epidemiological observations, controlled clinical exposure studies, and toxicological studies focusing on evidence of wildfire smoke exposure and cardiovascular effects, and identify knowledge gaps. Improving exposure assessment and identifying sensitive cardiovascular endpoints will serve to better understand the association between exposure to wildfire smoke and cardiovascular effects and the mechanisms involved. Similarly, filling the knowledge gaps identified in this review will better define adverse cardiovascular health effects of exposure to wildfire smoke, thus informing risk assessments and potentially leading to the development of targeted interventional strategies to mitigate the health impacts of wildfire smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Philip A Bromberg
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Haiyan Tong
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
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13
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Cole-Hunter T, Dhingra R, Fedak KM, Good N, L'Orange C, Luckasen G, Mehaffy J, Walker E, Wilson A, Balmes J, Brook RD, Clark ML, Devlin RB, Volckens J, Peel JL. Short-term differences in cardiac function following controlled exposure to cookstove air pollution: The subclinical tests on volunteers exposed to smoke (STOVES) study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106254. [PMID: 33221594 PMCID: PMC7775898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to household air pollution from solid fuel combustion for cooking and heating is an important risk factor for premature death and disability worldwide. Current evidence supports an association of ambient air pollution with cardiovascular disease but is limited for household air pollution and for cardiac function. Controlled exposure studies can complement evidence provided by field studies. OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of short-term, controlled exposures to emissions from five cookstoves on measures of cardiac function. METHODS Forty-eight healthy adults (46% female; 20-36 years) participated in six, 2-h exposures ('treatments'), including emissions from five cookstoves and a filtered-air control. Target fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure-concentrations per treatment were: control, 0 µg/m3; liquefied petroleum gas, 10 µg/m3; gasifier, 35 µg/m3; fan rocket, 100 µg/m3; rocket elbow, 250 µg/m3; and three stone fire, 500 µg/m3. Participants were treated in a set (pre-randomized) sequence as groups of 4 to minimize order bias and time-varying confounders. Heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac repolarization metrics were calculated as 5-min means immediately and at 3 h following treatment, for analysis in linear mixed-effects models comparing cookstove to control. RESULTS Short-term differences in SDNN (standard deviation of duration of all NN intervals) and VLF (very-low frequency power) existed for several cookstoves compared to control. While all cookstoves compared to control followed a similar trend for SDNN, the greatest effect was seen immediately following three stone fire (β = -0.13 ms {%}; 95% confidence interval = -0.22, -0.03%), which reversed in direction at 3 h (0.03%; -0.06, 0.13%). VLF results were similar in direction and timing to SDNN; however, other HRV or cardiac repolarization results were not similar to those for SDNN. DISCUSSION We observed some evidence of short-term, effects on HRV immediately following cookstove treatments compared to control. Our results suggest that cookstoves with lower PM2.5 emissions are potentially capable of affecting cardiac function, similar to stoves emitting higher PM2.5 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cole-Hunter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Centre for Air Pollution, Energy, and Health Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Radhika Dhingra
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, NC, USA; Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen M Fedak
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Good
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christian L'Orange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - John Mehaffy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maggie L Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- Environmental Public Health Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John Volckens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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14
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Liu W, Huang J, Lin Y, Cai C, Zhao Y, Teng Y, Mo J, Xue L, Liu L, Xu W, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang JJ. Negative ions offset cardiorespiratory benefits of PM 2.5 reduction from residential use of negative ion air purifiers. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:220-228. [PMID: 32757287 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Negative ion air purifiers (NIAPs), as a less costly alternative to the HEPA filtration, have been increasingly deployed in China and potentially elsewhere. While reducing indoor concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ), NIAPs generate massive amounts of negative ions that may be of health concern. We performed week-long interventions with NIAPs in the dormitories of 56 healthy college students living in Beijing. In a randomized order, each student underwent a true and a sham NIAP session. Cardiorespiratory outcomes were measured before and after each session. The use of true NIAPs reduced indoor PM2.5 concentrations significantly, while notably increased negative ion levels. Increases in PM2.5 and negative ion (NI) exposure were independently associated with increased urinary concentration of malondialdehyde, a biomarker of systemic oxidative stress, resulting in a null net effect of NIAP on malondialdehyde. Likewise, no significant net effects of NIAPs were observed for other outcomes indicative of lung function, vascular tone, arterial stiffness, and inflammation. Our findings suggest that negative ions, possibly along with their reaction products with the room air constituents, adversely affect health. The downsides do not support the use of NIAPs as a health-based mitigation strategy to reduce PM2.5 exposure, especially in residences with PM2.5 concentrations that are not extremely high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Global Health Institute & Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chaorui Cai
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jinhan Mo
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Building Environment and Energy, China Academy of Building Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Global Health Institute & Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
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15
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Pratiti R, Vadala D, Kalynych Z, Sud P. Health effects of household air pollution related to biomass cook stoves in resource limited countries and its mitigation by improved cookstoves. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109574. [PMID: 32668541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household air pollution (HAP) related to cooking is associated with significant global morbidity and mortality. An estimated three billion people worldwide are exposed to cooking related HAP caused by solid fuel combustion. This exposure is highest for the vulnerable population of women and children resulting in significant cumulative health effects. METHODS A literature review was conducted for health effects of household air pollution related to biomass cookstoves in resource limited countries and to evaluate the effect of improved cookstoves on these health effects. We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library. We conducted searches in January 2018 with a repeat in February 2020. We included only studies conducted in resource limited countries, published in English, irrespective of publication year and studies that examined the health effects of HAP and/or studied the effects of improved cookstove (IC). Two authors independently screened journal article titles, abstracts and full-text articles to identify those that included the following search term: biomass cookstoves and health risks. We also assessed the limitations of IC with barriers to their uptake. RESULTS Health effects associated with HAP mostly include increased blood pressure (BP), dyspnea, childhood pneumonia, lung cancer, low birthweight and cardiovascular diseases. Being a global problem with divergent environmental factors including wide variety of fuel used, housing condition, foods prepared, climatic condition and social factors; most solutions though efficient seems inadequate. Improved cookstove (IC) mitigates emissions and improves short term health, though few randomized long-term studies could substantiate its long-standing continuance and health benefits. CONCLUSION There is ample data about the health effects of HAP, with some benefit with IC intervention for elevated blood pressure, dyspnea symptoms, mutagenicity and cardiovascular diseases. IC does not have any benefit in pregnancy outcomes or children health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pratiti
- McLaren HealthCare, G-3245 Beecher Rd, Flint, MI, 48532, USA.
| | - David Vadala
- McLaren HealthCare, G-3245 Beecher Rd, Flint, MI, 48532, USA
| | - Zirka Kalynych
- McLaren HealthCare, G-3245 Beecher Rd, Flint, MI, 48532, USA
| | - Parul Sud
- McLaren HealthCare, G-3245 Beecher Rd, Flint, MI, 48532, USA
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