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Álvarez-Herrera C, Maisanaba S, Ruíz-Cabello ML, Repetto G. Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a predictor toxicity tool. MethodsX 2024; 13:102823. [PMID: 39036606 PMCID: PMC11259944 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is frequently used as a genetically manipulable model system, offering valuable understandings into cellular mechanisms. In the present study, a comprehensive step-by-step methodology for the research of the action mechanisms and detoxification by efflux pumps is showed. The protocol involves the thawing and culture of yeast cells in liquid medium under controlled conditions to ensure exponential growth. After that, a dose-response assessment is carried out by culturing wild-type cells in liquid medium, followed by exposure to increasing concentrations of the toxic substances. Optical density measurements are taken spectrophotometrically after exposure, and the process is repeated at least three times for quantitative analysis. Subsequently, defective mutants are selected to explore specific mechanisms of action or detoxification by efflux pumps, with cultures prepared and treated similarly to the wild type. Optical density measurements are again taken after exposure for quantitative analysis. This methodology ensures robust and reproducible results for the research toxic substances effects on S. pombe.-Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an adequate tool to evaluate contaminants toxicity.-Dose-responses curves are obtained on wild type to evaluate toxicity mechanisms.-This methodology ensures robust and reproducible results for the research toxic substances effects on S. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Repetto
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain
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Palma F, Acunzo M, Della Marca R, Dell'Annunziata F, Folliero V, Chianese A, Zannella C, Franci G, De Filippis A, Galdiero M. Evaluation of antifungal spectrum of Cupferron against Candida albicans. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106835. [PMID: 39117014 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast accounting for about 50-90 % of all cases of candidiasis in humans, ranging from superficial to systemic potentially life-threatening infections. The presence of several virulence factors, including biofilm, hyphal transition, and proteolytic enzymes production, worsens the fungal infections burden on healthcare system resources. Hence, developing new bioactive compounds with antifungal activity is a pressing urgence for the scientific community. In this perspective, we evaluated the anti-Candida potential of the N-Nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine ammonium salt (cupferron) against standard and clinical C. albicans strains. Firstly, the in vitro cytotoxicity of cupferron was checked in the range 400-12.5 μg/mL against human microglial cells (HMC-3). Secondly, its antifungal spectrum was explored via disk diffusion test, broth-microdilution method, and time-killing curve analysis, validating the obtained results through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Additionally, we evaluated the cupferron impact on the main virulence determinants of Candida albicans. At non-toxic concentrations (100-12.5 μg/mL), the compound exerted interesting anti-Candida activity, registering a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 50 and 100 μg/mL against the tested strains, with a fungistatic effect until 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, cupferron was able to counteract fungal virulence at MIC and sub-MIC values (50-12.5 μg/mL). These findings may propose cupferron as a new potential antifungal option for the treatment of Candida albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Acunzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Della Marca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Dell'Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Pan ZN, Zhuang LL, Zhao HS, Yin SY, Chu M, Liu XY, Bao HC. Propylparaben exposure impairs G2/M and metaphase-anaphase transition during mouse oocyte maturation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116798. [PMID: 39083874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Propylparaben (PrPB) is a known endocrine disrupting chemicals that is widely applied as preservative in pharmaceuticals, food and cosmetics. PrPB has been detected in human urine samples and human serum and has been proven to cause functional decline in reproduction. However, the direct effects of PrPB on mammalian oocyte are still unknown. Here, we demonstrationed that exposure to PrPB disturbed mouse oocyte maturation in vitro, causing meiotic resumption arrest and first polar body extrusion failure. Our results indicated that 600 μM PrPB reduced the rate of oocyte germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Further research revealed that PrPB caused mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which led to oocyte DNA damage. This damage further disturbed the activity of the maturation promoting factor (MPF) complex Cyclin B1/ Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and induced G2/M arrest. Subsequent experiments revealed that PrPB exposure can lead to spindle morphology disorder and chromosome misalignment due to unstable microtubules. In addition, PrPB adversely affected the attachment between microtubules and kinetochore, resulting in persistent activation of BUB3 amd BubR1, which are two spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) protein. Taken together, our studies indicated that PrPB damaged mouse oocyte maturation via disrupting MPF related G2/M transition and SAC depended metaphase-anaphase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Nan Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics (Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital), China
| | - Li-Li Zhuang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics (Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital), China
| | - Hui-Shan Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics (Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital), China
| | - Shu-Yuan Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics (Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital), China
| | - Min Chu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics (Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital), China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics (Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital), China.
| | - Hong-Chu Bao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics (Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital), China.
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Álvarez-Herrera C, Maisanaba S, Llana Ruíz-Cabello M, Rojas R, Repetto G. A strategy for the investigation of toxic mechanisms and protection by efflux pumps using Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains: Application to rotenone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171253. [PMID: 38408667 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Effects not related with the inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain are studied in S. pombe, which lacks it. This study aims: First, the use of a strategy with S. pombe strains to investigate the toxicity, mechanisms of action, interactions and detoxication by efflux pumps. Second, to investigate the mechanisms of toxic action of rotenone. In the dose-response assessment, the yeast presented a good correlation with the toxicity in Daphnia magna for 15 chemicals. In the mechanistic study, the mph1Δ strain presented marked specificity to the interaction with microtubules by carbendazim. DNA damage caused by hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of deoxynucleotide synthesis, was identified with marked specificity with the rad3Δ strain. The sty1Δ strain was very sensitive to the oxidative and osmotic stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and potassium chloride, respectively, being more sensitive to oxidative stress than the pap1Δ strain. The protection by exclusion pumps was also evaluated. Rotenone presented low toxicity in S. pombe due to the lack of its main target, and the marked protection by the exclusion transporters Bfr1, Pmd1, Caf5 and Mfs1. Marked cellular stress was detected. Finally, the toxicity of rotenone could be potentiated by the fungicide carbendazim and the antimetabolite hydroxyurea. In conclusion, the use of S. pombe strains is a valid strategy to: a) assess global toxicity; b) investigate the main mechanisms of toxic action, particularly spindle and DNA interferences, and osmotic and oxidative stress not related to complex I inhibition; c) explore the detoxication by efflux pumps; and d) evaluate possible chemical interactions. Therefore, it should be useful for the investigation of adverse outcome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Maisanaba
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | - Raquel Rojas
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo Repetto
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Guan M, Cao Y, Wang X, Xu X, Ning C, Qian J, Ma F, Zhang X. Characterizing temporal variability and repeatability of dose-dependent functional genomics approach for evaluating triclosan toxification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165209. [PMID: 37391155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Dose-dependent functional genomics approach has shown great advantage in identifying the molecular initiating event (MIE) of chemical toxification and yielding point of departure (POD) at genome-wide scale. However, POD variability and repeatability derived from experimental design (settings of dose, replicate number, and exposure time) has not been fully determined. In this work, we evaluated POD profiles perturbed by triclosan (TCS) using dose-dependent functional genomics approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at multiple time points (9 h, 24 h and 48 h). The full dataset (total 9 concentrations with 6 replicates per treatment) at 9 h was subsampled 484 times to generate subsets of 4 dose groups (Dose A - Dose D with varied concentration range and spacing) and 5 replicate numbers (2 reps - 6 reps). Firstly, given the accuracy of POD and the experimental cost, the POD profiles from 484 subsampled datasets demonstrated that the Dose C group (space narrow at high concentrations and wide dose range) with three replicates was best choice at both gene and pathway levels. Secondly, the variability of POD was found to be relatively robustness and stability across different experimental designs, but POD was more dependent on the dose range and interval than the number of replicates. Thirdly, MIE of TCS toxification was identified to be the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway at all-time points, supporting the ability of our approach to accurately recognize MIE of chemical toxification at both short- and long-term exposure. Finally, we identified and validated 13 key mutant strains involved in MIE of TCS toxification, which could serve as biomarkers for TCS exposure. Taken together, our work evaluated the repeatability of dose-dependent functional genomics approach and the variability of POD and MIE of TCS toxification, which will benefit the experimental design for future dose-dependent functional genomics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yuqi Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Can Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Gavilanes-Martínez MA, Coral-Garzón A, Cáceres DH, García AM. Antifungal activity of boric acid, triclosan and zinc oxide against different clinically relevant Candida species. Mycoses 2021; 64:1045-1052. [PMID: 33969547 PMCID: PMC8373697 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Candida includes about 200 different species, but only a few are able to produce disease in humans. The species responsible for the highest proportion of human infections is Candida albicans. However, in the last two decades there has been an increase in the proportion of infections caused by other Candida species, including C. glabrata (Nakaseomyces glabrata), C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei (Pichia kudriavzevi) and more recently C. auris. Decolonisation of patients has been used as an infection control strategy for bacterial infections, but information about decolonisation products used in clinical practice for Candida and other fungal pathogens is limited. Compounds with antimicrobial activity, such as triclosan (TR), boric acid (BA) and zinc oxide (ZO), are mainly used in personal care products. These products can be used for long periods of time without an abrasive skin effect and are a possible alternative for patient decolonisation in healthcare settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of boric acid (BA), triclosan (TR) and zinc oxide (ZO), individually and combined, against clinically relevant Candida species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compounds to be screened for antifungal activity were evaluated at different concentrations, alone, and combined, using a well diffusion assay. The statistical evaluation was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc analysis using the multiple comparisons method. RESULTS Individually, BA and TR showed antifungal activity against all Candida species evaluated but ZO did not show any antifungal activity. Mixtures of BA [5%]-TR [0.2%]; BA [5%]-TR [0.3%]; BA [5%]-TR [0.2%]-ZO [8.6%]; and BA [5%]-TR [0.2%]-ZO [25%] yielded the highest antifungal activity. An increased antifungal effect was observed in some mixtures when compared with individual compounds. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated antifungal activity of BA and TR against multiple Candida species, including against a clade of the emerging healthcare-associated pathogen C. auris. Additionally, this study shows enhancement of the antifungal effect and no antagonism among the mixtures of these compounds. Further research is needed to determine whether these compounds can reduce the burden of Candida on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marly Alejandra Gavilanes-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas -CIB, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Coral-Garzón
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas -CIB, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego H Cáceres
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center and Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana María García
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas -CIB, Medellín, Colombia
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Navrátilová A, Kovár M, Požgajová M. Ascorbic acid mitigates cadmium-induced stress, and contributes to ionome stabilization in fission yeast. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15380-15393. [PMID: 33236313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly toxic environmental pollutant which through enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production triggers oxidative stress to the cell. Cell growth, a fundamental feature of all living organisms is closely connected to the cell shape and homeostasis. As these processes largely depend on cell fitness status and environmental conditions we have analyzed, the impact of different cadmium concentrations and the effect of ascorbic acid (ascorbate, AsA) supplementation on cell growth parameters, cell morphology, and ionome balance maintenance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that cadmium causes membrane lipid peroxidation resulting in cell shape alterations leading to growth impairment and through mineral elements disequilibrium affects ionome homeostasis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AsA recognized as one of the most prominent antioxidants, when overdosed, displays considerable pro-oxidant activity, though precise dosing of its supplementation is desired. We present here that AsA under efficacious concentration largely improves cell condition affected by cadmium. Although, we clearly demonstrate the beneficial feature of AsA, further studies are required to fully understand its protective nature on cell homeostasis maintenance under conditions of the broken environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica Navrátilová
- Department of Genetics and Breeding Biology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Kovár
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Požgajová
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
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