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Mosai AK, Ndlovu G, Tutu H. Improving acid mine drainage treatment by combining treatment technologies: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170806. [PMID: 38350575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The mining and processing of some minerals and coal result in the production of acid mine drainage (AMD) which contains elevated levels of sulfate and metals, which tend to pose serious environmental issues. There are different technologies that have been developed for the treatment of wastewater or AMD. However, there is no "one-size-fits-all" solution, hence a combination of available technologies should be considered to achieve effective treatment. In this review, AMD treatment technologies and the possible alignment in tandem of the different treatment technologies were discussed. The alignment was based on the target species of each technology and AMD composition. The choice of the technologies to combine depends on the quality of AMD and the desired quality of effluent depending on end use (e.g., drinking, industrial, irrigation or release into the environment). AMD treatment technologies targeting metals can be combined with membrane and/or ettringite precipitation technologies that focus on the removal of sulfates. Other technologies can be added to deal with the secondary waste products (e.g., sludge and brines) from the treatment processes. Moreover, some technologies such as ion exchange and adsorption can be added to target specific valuable elements in AMD. Such combinations have the potential to result in effective AMD treatment and minimum waste production, which are not easily achievable with the individual technologies. Overall, this review presents combinations of AMD treatment technologies which can work best together to produce optimal water quality and valuable products in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alseno Kagiso Mosai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Gebhu Ndlovu
- Hydrometallurgy Division, Mintek, 200 Malibongwe drive, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Hlanganani Tutu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, South Africa
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Abushawish A, Chatla A, Almanassra IW, Ihsanullah I, Shanableh A, Laoui T, Atieh MA. Novel composites of activated carbon and layered double oxide for the removal of sulfate from synthetic and brackish groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139740. [PMID: 37544521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate (SO42-) is a major water and environmental concern that causes severe diarrhea, death of invertebrates and plant species, and clogging of industrial pipes. In the current work, treatment of SO42- from synthetic and real groundwater having 3901 mg(SO42-)/L was investigated for the first time using Zn-Al and Mg-Al layered double oxides doped granular activated carbon (GAC/Mg-Al LDO and GAC/Zn-Al LDO). The co-precipitation method was followed to synthesize the GAC/LDO composites using an Mg or Zn to Al molar ratio of 3:1. The GAC/Mg-Al LDO possessed a higher specific surface area (323.9 m2/g) compared to GAC/Zn-Al LDO (195.1 m2/g). The GAC/Mg-Al LDO demonstrated more than 99% removal of SO42- from synthetic water, while it was 50.9% for GAC/Zn-Al LDO and less than 1% for raw GAC at an initial concentration of 50 mg/L. The GAC/Mg-Al LDO was selected for further batch experiments and modeling investigation. The equilibrium data followed the Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir models with determination coefficients of 0.943 and 0.935, respectively. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity was 143.5 mg/g. In the real groundwater adsorption study, the screening experiment revealed high selectivity towards SO42- with 62% removal efficiency. The optimum dosage was found to be 50 g/L with an uptake capacity of 61.5 mg/g. The kinetic data of SO42- removal from synthetic and brackish water were in excellent agreement with the pseudo-second order model, and the equilibrium was attained in 5 h. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the GAC/Mg-Al LDO is an efficient material for treating SO42- from real groundwater and can be utilized as a pretreatment unit for high sulfate water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abushawish
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjaneyulu Chatla
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ismail W Almanassra
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - I Ihsanullah
- Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahar Laoui
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muataz Ali Atieh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Sharma J, Joshi M, Bhatnagar A, Chaurasia AK, Nigam S. Pharmaceutical residues: One of the significant problems in achieving 'clean water for all' and its solution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114219. [PMID: 36057333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid emergence of various metabolic and multiple-drug-resistant infectious diseases, new pharmaceuticals are continuously being introduced in the market. The excess production and use of pharmaceuticals and their untreated/unmetabolized release in the environment cause the contamination of aquatic ecosystem, and thus, compromise the environment and human-health. The present review provides insights into the classification, sources, occurrence, harmful impacts, and existing technologies to curb these problems. A comprehensive detail of various biological and nanotechnological strategies for the removal of pharmaceutical residues from water is critically discussed focusing on their efficiencies, and current limitations to design improved-technologies for their lab-to-field applications. Furthermore, the review highlights and suggests the scope of integrated bionanotechnological methods for enhanced removal of pharmaceutical residues from water to fulfill the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN-SDG) for providing clean potable water for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Joshi
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Akhilesh K Chaurasia
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Subhasha Nigam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Multi-Agent Evolutionary Game in the Recycling Utilization of Sulfate-Rich Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148770. [PMID: 35886620 PMCID: PMC9323009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current industrial development has led to an increase in sulfate-rich industrial sewage, threatening industrial ecology and the environment. Incorrectly treating high-concentration sulfate wastewater can cause serious environmental problems and even harm human health. Water with high sulfate levels can be treated as a resource and treated harmlessly to meet the needs of the circular economy. Today, governments worldwide are working hard to encourage the safe disposal and reuse of industrial salt-rich wastewater by recycling sulfate-rich wastewater (SRW) resources. However, the conflict of interests between the SRW production department, the SRW recycling department, and the governments often make it challenging to effectively manage sulfate-rich wastewater resources. This study aims to use the mechanism of evolutionary game theory (EGT) to conduct theoretical modelling and simulation analysis on the interaction of the behaviour of the above three participants. This paper focuses on the impact of government intervention and the ecological behaviour of wastewater producers on the behavioural decisions of recyclers. The results suggest that the government should play a leading role in developing the SRW resource recovery industry. SRW producers protect the environment in the mature stage, and recyclers actively collect and recover compliant sulfate wastewater resources. Governments should gradually deregulate and eventually withdraw from the market. Qualified recyclers and environmentally friendly wastewater producers can benefit from a mature SRW resources recovery industry.
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Feng H, Liu M, Zeng W, Chen Y, Wang M, Yuan L, Yu Z. Feasibility of resource utilization of the refractory evaporation concentrate of gas field wastewater exhibiting high salinity: Application of UV/Fenton, desulfurization, distillation and crystallization process after pre-treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112317. [PMID: 34736924 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evaporation concentrate of gas field wastewater (EC-GFW) is a new type of refractory actual wastewater produced by the three-effect evaporation of gas field wastewater, exhibiting extremely high salinity and complex organic components. This study proposed a set of processes consisting of AOPs, precipitation, distillation, and crystallization for the systematic treatment of EC-GFW. In this paper, the optimal conditions for the processes after pre-treatment were investigated. The optimal operating parameters of UV/Fenton process were determined to be 180 min of reaction time, 4 of initial pH, 0.6 mol/L of H2O2 dosage, 10:1 of n(H2O2): n(Fe2+) value, and 30 W of UV power. Fenton's reagent was added in two steps (0 min and 90 min) for effective utilization. The results showed that the TOC (Total organic carbon) removal efficiency during the two-stage oxidation reached 93% with TOC in the effluent of 132 mg/L. Then, 82.3% of sulfate ions were removed by the desulfurization process using 50 g/L of CaCl2 within 10 min at a pH of 5 before distillation. It was found that the TOC in the influent of distillation played a decisive role in the quality of the effluent and purity of the crystalline salt, which was expected to be controlled lower than 132 mg/L. The final condensate could utilize to reuse, 99% of main pollutants of which have been removed, reducing the pressure of water supply on site. Simultaneously, the industrial-grade NaCl with extensive application prospect can be recovered. The harmless disposal and resource utilization of EC-GFW was achieved on a laboratory scale, providing the data support and theoretical guidance for treating EC-GFW at gas field project site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Feng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Wei Zeng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Zhilong Yu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Sewerin T, Elshof MG, Matencio S, Boerrigter M, Yu J, de Grooth J. Advances and Applications of Hollow Fiber Nanofiltration Membranes: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:890. [PMID: 34832119 PMCID: PMC8625000 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hollow fiber nanofiltration (NF) membranes have gained increased attention in recent years, partly driven by the availability of alternatives to polyamide-based dense separation layers. Moreover, the global market for NF has been growing steadily in recent years and is expected to grow even faster. Compared to the traditional spiral-wound configuration, the hollow fiber geometry provides advantages such as low fouling tendencies and effective hydraulic cleaning possibilities. The alternatives to polyamide layers are typically chemically more stable and thus allow operation and cleaning at more extreme conditions. Therefore, these new NF membranes are of interest for use in a variety of applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the applications and emerging opportunities for these membranes. Next to municipal wastewater and drinking water processes, we have put special focus on industrial applications where hollow fiber NF membranes are employed under more strenuous conditions or used to recover specific resources or solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sewerin
- NX Filtration, Josink Esweg 44, 7545 PN Enschede, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (M.G.E.)
| | - Maria G. Elshof
- NX Filtration, Josink Esweg 44, 7545 PN Enschede, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (M.G.E.)
| | - Sonia Matencio
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/Pallars, 179-185, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcel Boerrigter
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/Pallars, 179-185, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Jimmy Yu
- Pepsi Co., Inc., Global R & D, 350 Columbus Ave, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Joris de Grooth
- NX Filtration, Josink Esweg 44, 7545 PN Enschede, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (M.G.E.)
- Membrane Science & Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Guo J, Zhou Z, Ming Q, Sun D, Li F, Xi J, Wu Q, Yang J, Xia Q, Zhao X. Recovering chemical sludge from the zero liquid discharge system of flue gas desulfurization wastewater as flame retardants by a stepwise precipitation process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126054. [PMID: 33992018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a five-stage stepwise precipitation process, including pre-sedimentation, magnesium removal, gypsum precipitation, ettringite precipitation and calcium removal, was proposed as a softening pretreatment for zero liquid discharge system for flue gas desulfurization wastewater. Batch tests and long-term bench-scale experiment showed that magnesium, sulfate and calcium were efficiently removed with efficiencies all above 98.0%, leaving a clean effluent majorly containing NaCl and NaOH. The precipitated CaSO4, CaCO3, Mg(OH)2 and ettringite were completely separated by stepwise precipitation, and the purity of Mg(OH)2 and ettringite were further enhanced by washing and soaking treatment. CaSO4 and CaCO3 can be directly recycled as gypsum product and desulfurizing agent within the power plant, while Mg(OH)2 and ettringite presented proper particle size and excellent thermal properties as a synergistic flame retardant. The flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer were greatly improved when blended with recovered Mg(OH)2 and ettringite, and possessed better performance by blending them together because ettringite could act as a dispersing and compatible agent of Mg(OH)2, and relieve the intensity of smoke releasing. Chemical sludge recovery compensates the total cost of the five-stage process by 45.0%, and makes the process technically versatile, economically beneficial and environmentally friendly without solid waste production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qiang Ming
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Dongqi Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Fei Li
- Nantong Power Plant, Huaneng International Power Jiangsu Energy Development Co., Ltd., Nantong 226003, China
| | - Jiafu Xi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Nantong Power Plant, Huaneng International Power Jiangsu Energy Development Co., Ltd., Nantong 226003, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Nantong Power Plant, Huaneng International Power Jiangsu Energy Development Co., Ltd., Nantong 226003, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
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