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Sproat TDR, Ghosh A, Alshaikh BN. Lyophilized (freeze-dried) human milk for preterm infants: a scoping review. J Perinatol 2024; 44:612-627. [PMID: 38225373 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Freeze-drying (FD), or lyophilization, is commonly used to preserve foods. FD offers potential to create a human milk-derived human milk fortifier, and an alternative to freeze-storing human milk. However, processing human milk is known to affect its components. This scoping review explores the effect of FD on the; macronutrient, micronutrient, vitamin, bioactive components, microbes and anti-microbial factors in human milk, and studies where lyophilized human milk has been given to newborn infants. 48 articles were identified after full text review. FD human milk reduces the fat globule size and as well as the quantity of enzymes, vitamin C and immunoglobulin. Common serum electrolyte disturbances have been reported when preterm infants' are fed FD human milk however it appears a promising method to avoid exposure of preterm infants' to cows' milk. Due to limited data, further studies exploring the safety and efficacy of FD human milk in preterm infants are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D R Sproat
- Neonatal Gastroenterology and Nutrition Program, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Neonatal Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Neonatal Gastroenterology and Nutrition Program, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Belal N Alshaikh
- Neonatal Gastroenterology and Nutrition Program, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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2
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Amiri L, Khalili Doroodzani A, Ostovar A, Dobaradaran S, Mohammadi A, Nabipour I, Raeisi A, Malekizadeh H, Farhadi A, Saeedi R, Afrashteh S, Nazmara S, Keshtkar M. Lactational Exposure of Human Infants to Metal (loid)s: A Comparison of Industrial and Urban Inhabitants in North of the Persian Gulf. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1829-1842. [PMID: 37524879 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, postnatal metal (loid)s (MLs) exposure was compared between the petrochemical and gas area of Asaluyeh (PGA) and urban area of Kaki (UA) in Bushehr province, Iran. Two hundred human breast milk (BM) samples from the industrial and urban areas were analyzed for MLs using Inductivity Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) were found at the highest levels in both study areas. Adjusted multiple linear regression models revealed that the mean concentration of total MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA was statistically significantly greater than that of the UA (655.85 vs. 338.17 µg/L). Also, the mean concentrations of all detected MLs in BM samples collected from the PGA were statistically significantly higher than those collected from the UA. The hazard index (HI) of combined MLs in the PGA and UA illustrated non-cancer risk for infants. Lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in the PGA and Cr in the UA showed the risk of cancer. So it can be concluded that nursing infants from an industrial area are most at risk for MLs exposure during entire lactation course than those from an urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Amiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Atefeh Khalili Doroodzani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshin Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Azam Mohammadi
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, the Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Raeisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasan Malekizadeh
- School of Medicine٫ Bushehr, University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Clinical Research Development Center, The Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Keshtkar
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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3
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Thayagabalu S, Cacho N, Sullivan S, Smulian J, Louis‐Jacques A, Bourgeois M, Chen H, Weerasuriya W, Lemas DJ. A systematic review of contaminants in donor human milk. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13627. [PMID: 38268226 PMCID: PMC10981490 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) from a milk bank is the recommended feeding method for preterm infants when the mother's own milk (MOM) is not available. Despite this recommendation, information on the possible contamination of donor human milk and its impact on infant health outcomes is poorly characterised. The aim of this systematic review is to assess contaminants present in DHM samples that preterm and critically ill infants consume. The data sources used include PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science. A search of the data sources targeting DHM and its potential contaminants yielded 426 publications. Two reviewers (S. T. and D. L.) conducted title/abstract screening through Covidence software, and predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria yielded 26 manuscripts. Contaminant types (bacterial, chemical, fungal, viral) and study details (e.g., type of bacteria identified, study setting) were extracted from each included study during full-text review. Primary contaminants in donor human milk included bacterial species and environmental pollutants. We found that bacterial contaminants were identified in 100% of the papers in which bacterial contamination was sought (16 papers) and 61.5% of the full data set (26 papers), with the most frequently identified genera being Staphylococcus (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) and Bacillus (e.g., Bacillus cereus). Chemical pollutants were discovered in 100% of the papers in which chemical contamination was sought (eight papers) and 30.8% of the full data set (26 papers). The most frequently identified chemical pollutants included perfluoroalkyl substances (six papers), toxic metal (one paper) and caffeine (one paper). Viral and fungal contamination were identified in one paper each. Our results highlight the importance of establishing standardisation in assessing DHM contamination and future studies are needed to clarify the impact of DHM contaminants on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sionika Thayagabalu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Nicole Cacho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sandra Sullivan
- Envision Healthcare, HCA Florida North Florida HospitalGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - John Smulian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Perinatal Outcomes Research, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Adetola Louis‐Jacques
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Perinatal Outcomes Research, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marie Bourgeois
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Henian Chen
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | | | - Dominick J. Lemas
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Center for Perinatal Outcomes Research, College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Souza MCO, Souza JMO, da Costa BRB, Gonzalez N, Rocha BA, Cruz JC, Guida Y, Souza VCO, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Barbosa F. Levels of organic pollutants and metals/metalloids in infant formula marketed in Brazil: Risks to early-life health. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113594. [PMID: 37986457 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Infant formula intake is recommended to ensure comprehensive nutritional and caloric fulfillment when exclusive breastfeeding is not possible. However, similarly to breast milk, infant formulas may also contain pollutants capable of inducing endocrine-disrupting and neurotoxic effects. Thus, considering the sensitivity of their developing physiological systems and that infants have heightened susceptibility to environmental influences, this study was aimed at assessing the contents of essential elements, and inorganic and organic pollutants in infant formulas marketed in Brazil. Additionally, health risk assessments for selected contaminants were also performed. Measured contents of essential elements (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, Se, and Zn) were congruent with label information. Nevertheless, some toxic elements (Pb, Cd, As, Ni, and Al) were also detected. Notably, in the upper-bound scenario, Pb and Cd surpassed established threshold values when comparing the estimated daily intake (EDI) and tolerable daily intake (TDI - 3.57 and 0.36 μg/kg bw, respectively). Bisphenol P (BPP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) were frequently detected (84 % detection rate both) with elevated contents (BPP median = 4.28 ng/g and BBP median = 0.24 ng/g). Furthermore, a positive correlation (0.41) was observed between BPP and BBP, implying a potential co-occurrence within packaging materials. Methyl-paraben also correlated positively with BBP (0.57), showing a detection rate of 53 %. The cumulative PBDE contents ranged from 0.33 to 1.62 ng/g, with BDE-154 and BDE-47 the dominant congeners. When comparing EDI values with TDIs, all organic pollutants remained below the thresholds across all exposure scenarios. Moreover, non-carcinogenic risks were below the threshold (HQ > 1) when dividing the EDIs by the respective reference doses for chronic exposure. While the current findings may suggest that infant formula intake poses no immediate risk in terms of the evaluated chemicals, it remains imperative to conduct further research to safeguard the health of infants considering other chemicals, as well as their potential cumulative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Cristina Oliveira Souza
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Café s/n°, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Maria Oliveira Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Forensic Toxicology Analysis Laboratory, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900 - Monte Alegre, 14015-130, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil; University of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Botany, Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neus Gonzalez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bruno Alves Rocha
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Café s/n°, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonas Carneiro Cruz
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Café s/n°, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yago Guida
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Oliveira Souza
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Café s/n°, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martí Nadal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida do Café s/n°, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Herrero M, Rovira J, González N, Marquès M, Barbosa F, Sierra J, Domingo JL, Nadal M, Souza MCO. Clothing as a potential exposure source of trace elements during early life. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116479. [PMID: 37348630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in determining the chemical composition of textile products has increased among the scientific community and regulatory agencies, driven by toxicological issues and environmental concerns. Chemical elements are naturally present in clothing as natural fibers or intentionally added during manufacture. Some of them show physical-chemical properties that allow their absorption through the skin. In addition, chronic situations increase the dermal exposure capacity. Because of age-specific behavioral characteristics and underdeveloped physiological function, children may be especially sensitive to exposure to trace elements. This study aimed to analyze the levels of twenty trace elements in 120 clothing items commercialized in Spain. Textile products for pregnant women and children <36 months old were included. The potential health implication of this dermal exposure in early life was also evaluated. Aluminum, zinc, and titanium showed the highest concentrations, with median levels of 27.6, 5.6, and 4.2 mg/kg, respectively. Since chromium is employed as a metal complex dye in synthetic fibers, high levels of this element were found in black polyester. Dermal exposure to titanium, which is a ubiquitous element in clothes made of synthetic fibers, was associated with a hazard quotient (HQ) higher than the threshold value (HQ > 1), with values of 1.13 for pregnant women and 1.22 for newborns. On the other hand, HQ values of other elements and cancer risks were lower than the recommended values. Assessing early-life exposure to toxic elements can help to identify potential sources and to prevent or reduce human exposure, mainly in vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Herrero
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Neus González
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament D'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences. Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida Do Cafe S/nº, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University de Barcelona, Joan XXIII Avenue S/n, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marilia Cristina Oliveira Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; University of Sao Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences. Analytical and System Toxicology Laboratory, Avenida Do Cafe S/nº, 14040-903, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Beyene T, Zosky GR, Gibson PG, McDonald VM, Holliday EG, Horvat JC, Vertigan AE, Van Buskirk J, Morgan GG, Jegasothy E, Hanigan I, Murphy VE, Jensen ME. The impact of the 2019/2020 Australian landscape fires on infant feeding and contaminants in breast milk in women with asthma. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36823615 PMCID: PMC9947434 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019/2020 Australian landscape fires (bushfires) resulted in prolonged extreme air pollution; little is known about the effects on breastfeeding women and their infants. This study aimed to examine the impact of prolonged landscape fires on infant feeding methods and assess the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elements in breast milk samples. METHODS From May - December 2020, women with asthma, who were feeding their infants during the fires, were recruited from an existing cohort. Data on infant feeding and maternal concern during the fires were retrospectively collected. Breast milk samples were collected from a sample of women during the fire period and compared with samples collected outside of the fire period for levels of 16 PAHs (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry), and 20 elements (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). RESULTS One-hundred-and-two women who were feeding infants completed the survey, and 77 provided 92 breast milk samples. Two women reported concern about the impact of fire events on their infant feeding method, while four reported the events influenced their decision. PAHs were detected in 34% of samples collected during, versus no samples collected outside, the fire period (cross-sectional analysis); specifically, fluoranthene (median concentration 0.015 mg/kg) and pyrene (median concentration 0.008 mg/kg) were detected. Women whose samples contained fluoranthene and pyrene were exposed to higher levels of fire-related fine particulate matter and more fire days, versus women whose samples had no detectable fluoranthene and pyrene. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, sulphur, and copper were detected in all samples. No samples contained chromium, lead, nickel, barium, or aluminium. No statistically significant difference was observed in the concentration of elements between samples collected during the fire period versus outside the fire period. CONCLUSIONS Few women had concerns about the impact of fire events on infant feeding. Detection of fluoranthene and pyrene in breast milk samples was more likely during the 2019/2020 Australian fire period; however, levels detected were much lower than levels expected to be related to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfalidet Beyene
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Graeme R. Zosky
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XTasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.414724.00000 0004 0577 6676Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa M. McDonald
- grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.414724.00000 0004 0577 6676Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Jay C. Horvat
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Anne E. Vertigan
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.414724.00000 0004 0577 6676Department of Speech Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Joe Van Buskirk
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Geoffrey G. Morgan
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Edward Jegasothy
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Ivan Hanigan
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa E. Murphy
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Megan E. Jensen
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia
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LioNeo project: a randomised double-blind clinical trial for nutrition of very-low-birth-weight infants. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2490-2497. [PMID: 35144698 PMCID: PMC9723485 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521005110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effectiveness of lyophilised banked human milk (HM) as a fortifier to feed very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of HM with HM lyophilisate as an additive compared with the standard additive (cows' milk protein). In this phase I double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial, set in the intensive and intermediate care units of a tertiary hospital, forty VLBWI were enrolled and allocated into two groups: HM plus HM lyophilisate (LioNeo) or HM plus commercial additive (HMCA). The inclusion criteria were preterm infants, birth weight 750-1500 g, small or adequate for gestational age, exclusively receiving donor HM, volume ≥ 100 ml/kg per d and haemodynamically stable. Participants were followed up for 21 consecutive days. The primary outcome measures were necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis (LOS), death, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding or perforation, diarrhoea, regurgitation, vomiting and abdominal distension. The LioNeo and HMCA groups had similar weights at baseline. The regression models showed no differences between the groups in terms of the primary outcomes. Diarrhoea, GI perforation, NEC and LOS were absent in the LioNeo group (one LOS and one NEC in the HMCA group). Multiple regression analysis with the total volume of milk as a covariate did not show significant differences. The lyophilisation of donor HM was considered safe and tolerable for use in stable haemodynamically VLBWI.
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Neshat A, Oghazyan A, Kariminejad F, Mahmudiono T, Fakhri Y, Asadi AMS, Atamaleki A, Khaneghah AM. The concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in human milk: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Pekou A, Manousi N, Zachariadis GA. Multielemental Method for Maternal Breast Milk Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Acid Digestion. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pekou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George A. Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Concentrations and determinants of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic in pooled donor breast milk in Spain. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 240:113914. [PMID: 34974272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To measure concentrations of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in longitudinally collected donor breast milk samples and to determine associated factors. METHODS Pb, Hg, Cd, and As concentrations were measured in 242 pooled breast milk samples from 83 donors to a Human Milk Bank in Spain, in 2015-2018, determining their association with the donors' sociodemographic profile, dietary and lifestyle habits, and post-partum time, among other factors, and with the nutritional characteristics of samples. Mixed-effect linear regression was used to identify predictors of Hg and As concentrations in breast milk and mixed-effect logistic regression to identify predictors of the presence of Pb and Cd. RESULTS As was the element most frequently detected in milk samples (97.1%), followed by Hg (81.2%), Pb (50.6%), and Cd (38.0%). Their median breast milk concentrations were 1.49 μg/L, 0.26 μg/L, 0.14 μg/L, and <0.04 μg/L, respectively. Concentrations of As were higher in breast milk from primiparous donors, while Hg was higher in donors with a greater intake of fatty fish and meat and lower in samples collected after a longer post-partum time and with higher lactose content. Detection of Pb was higher among multiparous donors, those gaining weight since before pregnancy, and ex-smokers and was lower in samples collected more recently and from donors with greater intake of red meat and eggs. Cd detection was higher for donors with university education and those with greater intake of fried and canned food and more frequent use of hand cream and was lower for donors with greater bread intake. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal relatively high As concentrations, moderate Hg concentrations, and low Pb and Cd concentrations in pooled donor breast milk. Several factors including post-partum time, parity, smoking habit, and the intake of certain food items were associated with the metal content of milk samples.
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11
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Heavy Metals and Trace Elements in Human Breast Milk from Industrial/Mining and Agricultural Zones of Southeastern Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179289. [PMID: 34501878 PMCID: PMC8431101 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human breast milk is the most complete foodstuff for infants but can also be a potential source of exposure to toxic chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of metal pollution in the breast milk of women living in agricultural and industrial/mining areas of the Region of Murcia (Spain) that are well known for their cases of environmental pollution. Human milk samples were collected from 50 mothers and inorganic contaminants were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean or maximum concentrations of the different inorganic elements analyzed in breast milk, with the exception of manganese, exceeded the maximum limits established by the WHO and could constitute a high risk for pregnant mothers and their children. The breast milk of women living in the industrial/mining zone presented the highest levels of aluminum, zinc, arsenic, lead, mercury and nickel. On the contrary, the highest concentrations of manganese, chromium and iron were determined in the milk of women living in the agricultural zone. These results suggested and confirmed different profiles of environmental contamination of these areas.
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González N, Esplugas R, Marquès M, Domingo JL. Concentrations of arsenic and vanadium in environmental and biological samples collected in the neighborhood of petrochemical industries: A review of the scientific literature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145149. [PMID: 33540162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical facilities, including oil refineries, are emission sources of a wide range of environmental pollutants such as trace elements, volatile organic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, among others. Populations living near this kind of facilities may be potentially exposed to contaminants, which are, in turn, associated with a wide range of adverse effects. In our laboratory, we have shown that the environmental concentrations of trace elements near the petrochemical complex of Tarragona County (Spain), which is among the largest complexes in the European Union, should not be a relevant pollution source for these elements, with the exception of arsenic (As) and vanadium (V). Moreover, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified As and V as Group 1 and Group 2B, respectively. Based on it, the present paper was aimed at reviewing the available scientific information on the occurrence of As and V in the vicinity of petrochemical complexes worldwide, considering environmental matrices (air, dust, sediments, soil, and water), as well as biological samples (blood, hair, and urine). In general, levels of As and V in environmental matrices showed higher fluctuation throughout the world and was highly dependent on the samples zone while levels of both elements in urinary samples from subjects living near a petrochemical area were higher than those of population living further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus González
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Roser Esplugas
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Ramírez-Acosta S, Arias-Borrego A, Navarro-Roldán F, Selma-Royo M, Calatayud M, Collado MC, Huertas-Abril PV, Abril N, Barrera TG. Omic methodologies for assessing metal(-loid)s-host-microbiota interplay: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1176:338620. [PMID: 34399890 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Omic methodologies have become key analytical tools in a wide number of research topics such as systems biology, environmental analysis, biomedicine or food analysis. They are especially useful when they are combined providing a new perspective and a holistic view of the analytical problem. Methodologies for microbiota analysis have been mostly focused on genome sequencing. However, information provided by these metagenomic studies is limited to the identification of the presence of genes, taxa and their inferred functionality. To achieve a deeper knowledge of microbial functionality in health and disease, especially in dysbiosis conditions related to metal and metalloid exposure, the introduction of additional meta-omic approaches including metabolomics, metallomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics results essential. The possible impact of metals and metalloids on the gut microbiota and their effects on gut-brain axis (GBA) only begin to be figured out. To this end new analytical workflows combining powerful tools are claimed such as high resolution mass spectrometry and heteroatom-tagged proteomics for the absolute quantification of metal-containing biomolecules using the metal as a "tag" in a sensitive and selective detector (e.g. ICP-MS). This review focus on current analytical methodologies related with the analytical techniques and procedures available for metallomics and microbiota analysis with a special attention on their advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramírez-Acosta
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Arias-Borrego
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., Huelva, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarro-Roldán
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Spain
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paula V Huertas-Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Tamara García Barrera
- Research Center of Natural Resources, Health and the Environment (RENSMA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Fuerzas Armadas Ave., Huelva, Spain.
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Dórea JG. Exposure to environmental neurotoxic substances and neurodevelopment in children from Latin America and the Caribbean. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110199. [PMID: 32941839 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Environmental (and occupational) exposure to neurotoxic substances is a worldwide problem that can affect children's neurodevelopment (ND). In Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries there are over 300 million children living under the threat of neurodevelopmental delays due to toxic environmental exposure. Large industrial centers, intense mining and agricultural activities, along with changing complex ecosystems constitute a mosaic that drives contamination of air, water and the food chain. Neurotoxic contaminants such as pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides), chemicals of industrial use (phthalates), and metals (Hg, Pb, Al, As, F, Cd, Mo, Mn) are at the center of environmental exposure studies. Exposure to neurotoxic substances singly or in combination with other compounds or socioeconomic stressors (maternal education, socio-economic and nutritional status) intertwined with occupational and para-occupational exposure can affect ND (motor, cognition, behavior) of children. Significant negative effects of pesticides and neurotoxic elements on ND were found in all studied countries, affecting especially the less-privileged children from laboring families. Studies showed that exposures to the neurotoxicants in human milk are secondary to their more lasting effects during prenatal exposure. This review integrates exposure (prenatal and breastfeeding), metabolism, and ND effects of neurotoxicants. It highlights the overwhelming evidence showing that current levels of exposures are hazardous and detrimental to children's ND in LAC countries. The evidence indicates that a reduction in neurotoxicant exposure is essential to protect children's ND. Therefore, it is urgent to adopt policies and actions that prevent and remediate region-specific children's ND issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970, DF, Brazil.
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