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Yang Y, Zheng T, Tang Q, Xiang B, Yang M, Zeng J, Zhou F, Xie X. Developmental dyslexia genes are selectively targeted by diverse environmental pollutants. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:509. [PMID: 39020327 PMCID: PMC11256705 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dyslexia, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, not only affects children's academic performance but is also associated with increased healthcare costs, lower employment rates, and reduced productivity. The pathogenesis of dyslexia remains unclear and it is generally considered to be caused by the overlap of genetic and environmental factors. Systematically exploring the close relationship between exposure to environmental compounds and susceptibility genes in the development of dyslexia is currently lacking but high necessary. METHODS In this study, we systematically compiled 131 publicly reported susceptibility genes for dyslexia sourced from DisGeNET, OMIM, and GeneCards databases. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database database was used to explore the overlap between susceptibility genes and 95 environmental compounds, including metals, persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides. Chemical bias towards the dyslexia risk genes was taken into account in the observation/expectation ratios > 1 and the corresponding P value obtained by hypergeometric probability test. RESULTS Our study found that the number of dyslexia risk genes targeted by each chemical varied from 1 to 109. A total of 35 chemicals were involved in chemical reactions with dyslexia-associated genes, with significant enrichment values (observed/expected dyslexia risk genes) ranging from 1.147 (Atrazine) to 66.901 (Dibenzo(a, h)pyrene). CONCLUSION The results indicated that dyslexia-associated genes were implicated in certain chemical reactions. However, these findings are exploratory, and further research involving animal or cellular experiments is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, West Huangjiahu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qidi Tang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, West Huangjiahu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Bing Xiang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, West Huangjiahu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, West Huangjiahu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, West Huangjiahu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, West Huangjiahu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Research Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, West Huangjiahu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Zhu K, Wan Y, Zhu B, Wang H, Liu Q, Xie X, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiao P, Xiang Z, Song R. Association of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate with dyslexic risk. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138349. [PMID: 36898444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that disturb iodide uptake into the thyroid and have been implicated in child development. However, no data are available on the association between exposure to/related with them and dyslexia. Here, we examined the association of exposure to/related with the three NIS inhibitors with the risk of dyslexia in a case-control study. The three chemicals were detected in urine samples of 355 children with dyslexia and 390 children without dyslexia from three cities in China. The adjusted odds ratios for dyslexia were examined using logistic regression models. The detection frequencies of all the targeted compounds were 100%. After adjusting for multiple covariates, urinary thiocyanate was significantly associated with the risk of dyslexia (P-trend = 0.02). Compared with the lowest quartile, children within the highest quartile had a 2.66-fold risk of dyslexia (95% confidence interval: 1.32, 5.36]. Stratified analyses showed that the association between urinary thiocyanate level and the risk of dyslexia was more pronounced among boys, children with fixed reading time, and those without maternal depression or anxiety during pregnancy. Urinary perchlorate and nitrate levels were not associated with the risk of dyslexia. This study suggests the possible neurotoxicity of thiocyanate or its parent compounds in dyslexia. Further investigation is warranted to confirm our findings and clarify the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Laboratory Center for Public Health Service, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, China.
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Xiao P, Zhu K, Feng Y, Jiang Q, Xiang Z, Zhang Q, Wu X, Fan Y, Zou L, Xiao H, Song R. Associations between dyslexia and children's mental health: Findings from a follow-up study in China. Psychiatry Res 2023; 324:115188. [PMID: 37054554 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Dyslexia is a common learning difficulty that can lead to adverse health outcomes and socioeconomic difficulties. Evidence from longitudinal studies on the association between dyslexia and psychological symptoms in children is limited. Moreover, the psychological trends of children with dyslexia are unclear. In this study, we enrolled 2,056 students in Grades 2 to 5, including 61 dyslexic children, who participated in three mental health surveys and dyslexia screening. All the children were surveyed for symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression. We used generalized estimating equation models to estimate changes in psychological symptoms of children with dyslexia over time and the association between dyslexia and psychological symptoms. The results showed that dyslexia was associated with stress and depressive symptoms in children in both crude (β = 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.89∼4.65], β=1.20, 95%CI: [0.45∼1.94], respectively) and adjusted models (β = 3.32, 95%CI: [1.87∼4.77], β=1.31, 95%CI: [0.52∼2.10], respectively). In addition, we found no significant differences in the emotional status of dyslexic children in either survey. Dyslexic children are at risk for mental health issues, and persistent emotional symptoms. Therefore, interventions regarding not only reading ability but also psychological conditions should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixi Fan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Beanes G, Caliman-Fontes AT, Souza-Marques B, Silva HDS, Leal GC, Carneiro BA, Guerreiro-Costa LNF, Figueiredo AV, Figueiredo CAV, Lacerda ALT, Costa RDS, Quarantini LC. Effects of GRIN2B, GRIA1, and BDNF Polymorphisms on the Therapeutic Action of Ketamine and Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression Patients: Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Neuropharmacol 2022; 45:151-156. [PMID: 36093918 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic variants in glutamate ionotropic receptor N-methyl-d-aspartate type subunit 2B (GRIN2B), glutamate ionotropic receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid type subunit 1 (GRIA1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes on therapeutic response, remission, and total Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores after treatment with ketamine or esketamine in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients. METHODS Participants (N = 60) are from a double-blind, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial comparing single-dose intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) to esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) for TRD. Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale was applied at baseline, 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days postinfusion to assess depressive symptoms. Blood samples were collected to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1805502 (GRIN2B), rs1994862 (GRIA1), and rs6265 (BDNF). RESULTS There was no association between rs1805502, rs1994862, or rs6265 polymorphisms and antidepressant response (P = 0.909, P = 0.776, and P = 0.482, respectively), remission P = 0.790, P = 0.086, and P = 0.669), or Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores at each time point (P = 0.907, P = 0.552, and P = 0.778). CONCLUSIONS We found no association between the studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs6265, rs1805502, and rs1994862) and ketamine's therapeutic action in TRD patients. Further studies with larger samples are needed to clarify the utility of these genes of interest as predictors for antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Teresa Caliman-Fontes
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos
| | | | - Hátilla Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre V Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos
| | - Camila Alexandrina V Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador
| | | | - Ryan Dos S Costa
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador
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Huang A, Zhang J, Wu K, Liu C, Huang Q, Zhang X, Lin X, Huang Y. Exposure to multiple metals and the risk of dyslexia - A case control study in Shantou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119518. [PMID: 35618141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heavy metal exposure has been considered to be the risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders in children. However, the available data on the associations between multiple metals exposure and the risk of dyslexia in China are limited. The purpose of our study was to examine the associations between urinary metal concentrations and Chinese dyslexia risk. A total of 56 Chinese dyslexics and 60 typically developing children were recruited. The urinary concentration of 13 metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Binary logistic regression and the Probit extension of Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR-P) were used to explore the associations between multiple metal exposure and the risk of Chinese dyslexia. Our results indicated that Co, Zn and Pb were significantly associated with Chinese dyslexia in the multiple-metal exposure model. After adjusting the covariates, a positive association was observed between Pb and the risk of Chinese dyslexia, with the odds ratio (OR) in the highest quartiles of 6.81 (95%CI: 1.07-43.19; p-trend = 0.024). Co and Zn were negatively associated with the risk of Chinese dyslexia. Compared to the lowest quartile, the ORs of Co and Zn in the highest quartile are 0.13 (95%CI: 0.02-0.72; p-trend = 0.026) and 0.18 (95%CI: 0.04-0.88; p-trend = 0.038), respectively. In addition, BKMR-P analysis indicated that with the cumulative level across Co, Zn and Pb increased, the risk of Chinese dyslexia gradually declined and then rebounded, albeit non-significantly, and Pb was the major contributor in this association. In general, the urinary concentrations of Co, Zn and Pb were significantly associated with Chinese dyslexia. More prospective studies are needed to confirm the health effects of multiple metals exposure in children with Chinese dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyan Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingbing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuanzhi Zhang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuecong Lin
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, North Taishan Road, Shantou, 515065, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhu K, Liu Q, Xie X, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiao P, Wu X, Zhu B, Song R. Interaction between manganese and SLC6A3 genetic polymorphisms in relation to dyslexia. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Xie X, Wan Y, Zhu B, Liu Q, Zhu K, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiao P, Wu X, Zhang J, Meng H, Song R. Association between urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites and dyslexia among children from three cities of China: The READ program. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:151852. [PMID: 34826485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate (OP) insecticides has been found to be related to neurodevelopmental disorders in children. However, no study has examined the association between OP insecticide exposure and the risk of dyslexia among children. We aimed to explore the association between OP insecticide exposure, indicated by urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAPs), and the risk of dyslexia among Chinese Han children from three cities. A total of 845 children (422 dyslexics and 423 non-dyslexics) from Tongji Reading Environment and Dyslexia research program were included in the current case-control study. We measured six DAPs in urine samples, collected from November 2017 to December 2020. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between DAPs and dyslexia risk, adjusting for potential confounders. The detection frequencies of DAPs were above 97.5%, except for diethyldithiophosphate and dimethyldithiophosphate. Diethyl phosphate metabolites (DEs) were significantly associated with the risk of dyslexia. Compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted ORs of dyslexia risk for the highest quartile of urinary diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and diethylphosphate (DEP) were 1.82 (1.04, 3.20) and 1.85 (1.08, 3.17), respectively. In addition, the adjusted ORs for dyslexia per 10-fold of urinary DEP, DETP, and ∑DEs concentration were 1.87 (1.12, 3.13), 1.55 (1.03, 2.35), and 1.91 (1.13, 3.21), respectively. Analyses stratified by gender indicated that such associations were more significant among boys. This study suggested that exposure to OP insecticides may be related to dyslexia among Chinese Han children from the three studied cities. However, our results should be interpreted with caution because of the case-control design and the fact that only one-spot urine sample was collected from the children. More studies with children living in China are necessary concerning the relatively high levels of urinary OP metabolites in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Xiao P, Zhu K, Liu Q, Xie X, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Wu X, Tang J, Song R. Association between developmental dyslexia and anxiety/depressive symptoms among children in China: The chain mediating of time spent on homework and stress. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:495-501. [PMID: 34743962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between dyslexia and anxiety/depressive symptoms among children in China is unclear. Besides, the pathways to explain the risks are also undefined. METHODS 3993 primary school students from grade 2 to 6 were recruited in this study. The Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and the Pupil Rating Scale-Revised Screening for Learning Disabilities were used to filter the dyslexic children. The Chinese perceived stress scale, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form were used separately to assess stress, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms of the children. Time spent on homework was obtained by asking their parents: "How long does it take the children to complete the homework every day?". The chain mediation models were examined using SPSS PROCESS macro 3.3 software. RESULTS Dyslexic children spend more time on homework (2.61±1.15), and have higher scores for depression (4.75±3.60) and stress (26.55±7.40) compared to normal children (1.87±0.77, 3.25±3.32, and 23.20±8.43, respectively). The differences are statistically significant (all P<0.01). There is no direct association between dyslexia and anxiety symptoms, while dyslexia has a direct link with depressive symptoms. Dyslexia could affect anxiety/depressive symptoms via the independent mediating effect of stress and the chain mediating effect of time spent on homework and stress. The total indirect effect is 0.21 and 0.25, respectively. LIMITATIONS The data used in our study is self-reported and this is a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Time spent on homework and stress could mediate the association between dyslexia and anxiety/depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Children's Rehabilitation, Wuhan Psychology Hospital, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Liu Q, Wan Y, Zhu B, Xie X, Zhu K, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiao P, Xiang Z, Wu X, Zhang J, Meng H, Song R. Association between urinary propylene oxide metabolite and the risk of dyslexia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118469. [PMID: 34752792 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although it is a probable human carcinogen, propylene oxide is widely applied in industry and daily life. However, data on neurodevelopmental effects of propylene oxide exposure among children are extremely limited. We aimed to determine the urinary concentrations of propylene oxide metabolite among school-aged children and evaluate the potential association of propylene oxide exposure with risk of dyslexia. A total of 355 dyslexic children and 390 controls were recruited from three cities (Jining, Wuhan, and Hangzhou) in China, between 2017 and 2020. Urinary N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (i.e., 2-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid; 2-HPMA) was measured as the biomarker of propylene oxide exposure. The detection frequency of 2-HPMA was 100%. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio (OR) for dyslexia per 2-fold increase in urinary 2-HPMA was 1.19 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.01, 1.40, P = 0.042]. Compared with the lowest quartile of urinary 2-HPMA concentrations, children with the highest quartile of 2-HPMA had a 1.63-fold (95% CI: 1.03, 2.56, P = 0.036) significantly increased risk of dyslexia, with a dose-response relationship (P-trend = 0.047). This study provides epidemiological data on the potential association between propylene oxide exposure and the risk of dyslexia in children. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings and reveal the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, PR China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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