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Zhao W, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li L, Hu J, Tao Y, Du J, Lu J, Xu H, Wang H. Combined pretreatment of malic acid and kraft pulping for the production of fermentable sugars and highly active lignin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134619. [PMID: 39127272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The separation and utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in lignocellulosic biorefineries present significant challenges. This study proposes a pretreatment method for biomass refining by combining acid and kraft pulping. Firstly, the biomass was pretreated by malic acid, resulting in the isolation of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) with a yield of 86.26 % with optimized conditions of 180 °C, 1 wt% concentration, 40 min. Secondly, a mixture of 12.98 wt% NaOH and 1.043 wt% Na2S is employed to achieve lignin removal efficiency up to 63.42 %. Physical refinement techniques are then applied to enhance the enzyme digestion efficiency of cellulose, resulting in an increase from 55.03 % to 91.4 % for efficient cellulose conversion. The reacted samples exhibit a lignin composition rich in β-O-4 ether bonds, facilitating their high-value utilization. The results indicated that the combined pretreatment approach demonstrates high efficiency in separating cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin while obtaining XOS, highly active lignin, and enzyme-digested substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Zhao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Leping Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinwen Hu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yehan Tao
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Du
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Huanfei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China.
| | - Haisong Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China.
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Lee J, An HE, Lee KH, Kim S, Park C, Kim CB, Yoo HY. Identification of Gluconacetobacter xylinus LYP25 and application to bacterial cellulose production in biomass hydrolysate with acetic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129597. [PMID: 38266828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a remarkable biomacromolecule with potential applications in food, biomedical, and other industries. However, the low economic feasibility of BC production processes hinders its industrialization. In our previous work, we obtained candidate strains with improved BC production through random mutations in Gluconacetobacter. In this study, the molecular identification of LYP25 strain with significantly improved productivity, the development of chestnut pericarp (CP) hydrolysate medium, and its application in BC fermentation were performed for cost-effective BC production process. As a result, the mutant strain was identified as Gluconacetobacter xylinus. The CP hydrolysate (CPH) medium contained 30 g/L glucose with 0.4 g/L acetic acid, whereas other candidates known to inhibit fermentation were not detected. Although acetic acid is generally known as a fermentation inhibitor, it improves the BC production by G. xylinus when present within about 5 g/L in the medium. Fermentation of G. xylinus LYP25 in CPH medium resulted in 17.3 g/L BC, a 33 % improvement in production compared to the control medium, and BC from the experimental and control groups had similar physicochemical properties. Finally, the overall process of BC production from biomass was evaluated and our proposed platform showed the highest yield (17.9 g BC/100 g biomass).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Eun An
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, 445-8, Gyeongin-Ro, Guro-Gu, Seoul 08221, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20, Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Bae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Optimization of Major Extraction Variables to Improve Recovery of Anthocyanins from Elderberry by Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderberry, which is well known for its richness in anthocyanin, is attracting attention in the bioindustry as a functional material with high antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study is to optimize extraction conditions to more effectively recover anthocyanins from elderberry. In a fundamental experiment to determine the suitable solvent, various GRAS reagents, such as acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and isopropyl alcohol, were used, and total phenol and anthocyanin contents were detected as 9.0 mg/g-biomass and 5.1 mg/g-biomass, respectively, only in the extraction using ethanol. Therefore, ethanol was selected as the extraction solvent, and an experimental design was performed to derive a response surface model with temperature, time, and EtOH concentration as the main variables. The optimal conditions for maximal anthocyanin recovery were determined to be 20.0 °C, 15.0 min, and 40.9% ethanol, and the total anthocyanin content was 21.0 mg/g-biomass. In addition, the total phenol and flavonoid contents were detected as 67.4 mg/g-biomass and 43.8 mg/g-biomass, respectively. The very simple and economical extraction conditions suggested in this study contributed to improving the utilization potential of anthocyanin, a useful antioxidant derived from elderberry.
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Lee J, Lee KH, Kim S, Son H, Chun Y, Park C, Yoo HY. Microbial Production of Bacterial Cellulose Using Chestnut Shell Hydrolysates by Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53524. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1479-1484. [PMID: 36310363 PMCID: PMC9720068 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2208.08022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is gaining attention as a carbon-neutral alternative to plant cellulose, and as a means to prevent deforestation and achieve a carbon-neutral society. However, the high cost of fermentation media for BC production is a barrier to its industrialization. In this study, chestnut shell (CS) hydrolysates were used as a carbon source for the BC-producing bacteria strain, Gluconacetobacter xylinus ATCC 53524. To evaluate the suitability of the CS hydrolysates, major inhibitors in the hydrolysates were analyzed, and BC production was profiled during fermentation. CS hydrolysates (40 g glucose/l) contained 1.9 g/l acetic acid when applied directly to the main medium. As a result, the BC concentration at 96 h using the control group and CS hydrolysates was 12.5 g/l and 16.7 g/l, respectively (1.3-fold improved). In addition, the surface morphology of BC derived from CS hydrolysates revealed more densely packed nanofibrils than the control group. In the microbial BC production using CS, the hydrolysate had no inhibitory effect during fermentation, suggesting it is a suitable feedstock for a sustainable and eco-friendly biorefinery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to valorize CS by utilizing it in BC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Son
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsang Chun
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, Seoul 08221, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
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Valorization of Cheese Whey as a Feedstock for Production of Cyclosporin A by Tolypocladium inflatum. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Food waste-based biorefineries are considered an essential concept for the implementation of a sustainable circular economy. In this study, cheese whey powder (CWP), a dairy industry waste, was utilized to produce cyclosporin A (CsA). As it is difficult to valorize CWP because its components vary depending on the origin, a process for sugar conversion via acid hydrolysis was designed to obtain reproducible results using refined whey powder (WP) of a consistent quality. Acid hydrolysis was carried out using 2% (w/w) HCl and biomass loading of 50 g/L at 121 °C for 20 min. CWP hydrolysates were utilized to ferment Tolypocladium inflatum ATCC 34921. CsA production was found to be 51.3 mg/L at 12 days, a 1.4-fold increase compared to the control (commercial glucose, 36.3 mg/L). Our results showed that 100 g CWP can be converted to 81.8 mg of CsA. This finding demonstrated that CWP can be used as a sustainable feedstock for biorefineries.
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Zhou X, Li G, Liu F, Li N. Production of ethanol from corn straw based on chemical looping gasification: Economic analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127568. [PMID: 35788389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass chemical looping gasification is a promising technique allowing high quality syngas production with low energy penalty and low tar generation. In this study, a new ethanol production process from corn straw based on chemical looping gasification is developed and simulated. According to the results of prediction, the energy efficiency as well as techno-economic performance for the ethanol from corn straw system are researched to give useful information for the investment as well as development of the system. The results demonstrate that the proposed system has an energy efficiency of 49.32%, fixed capital investment of 1.61×108 $ and minimum ethanol selling price of 0.81 $/kg. More importantly, the equipment investment of the chemical looping gasification is 0.71% of the total equipment investment and beneficial to reduce the investment. Finally, the minimum ethanol selling price is compared with other ethanol production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- College of Zhongran, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, PR China
| | - Guang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, PR China.
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resources, Hohhot 010051, PR China
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