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Ye X, Wang E, Huang Y, Yang Y, Zhang T, You H, Long Y, Guo W, Liu B, Wang S. Biomolecule-grafted GO enhanced the mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed PLA scaffolds with TPMS porous structure. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 157:106646. [PMID: 38981181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits excellent mechanical strength and modulus. However, its effectiveness in mechanically reinforcing polymer materials is limited due to issues with interfacial bonding and dispersion arising from differences in the physicochemical properties between GO and polymers. Surface modification using coupling agents is an effective method to improve the bonding problem between polymer and GO, but there may be biocompatibility issues when used in the biomedical field. In this study, the biomolecule L-lysine, was applied to improve the interfacial bonding and dispersion of GO in polylactic acid (PLA) without compromising biocompatibility. The PLA/L-lysine-modified GO (PLA/L-GO) bone scaffold with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure was prepared using fused deposition modeling (FDM). The FTIR results revealed successful grafting of L-lysine onto GO through the reaction between their -COOH and -NH2 groups. The macroscopic and microscopic morphology characterization indicated that the PLA/L-GO scaffolds exhibited an characteristics of dynamic diameter changes, with good interlayer bonding. It was noteworthy that the L-lysine modification promoted the dispersion of GO and the interfacial bonding with the PLA matrix, as characterized by SEM. As a result, the PLA/0.1L-GO scaffold exhibited higher compressive strength (13.2 MPa) and elastic modulus (226.8 MPa) than PLA/0.1GO. Moreover, PLA/L-GO composite scaffold exhibited superior biomineralization capacity and cell response compared to PLA/GO. In summary, L-lysine not only improved the dispersion and interfacial bonding of GO with PLA, enhancing the mechanical properties, but also improved the biological properties. This study suggests that biomolecules like L-lysine may replace traditional modifiers as an innovative bio-modifier to improve the performance of polymer/inorganic composite biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ye
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Enyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yanjian Huang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yanjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Tianwen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hui You
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Fatima M, Qamar MT, Zahra M, Sohail MT, Bahadur A, Iqbal S, Mahmood S, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Evaluation of a novel composite of expanded polystyrene with rGO and SEBS-g-MA. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1965-1973. [PMID: 38590279 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This study displays the effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanofiller and polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-b-polystyrene-grafted maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) on the optical, thermal, and mechanical features of expanded polystyrene (EPS). First, the thin films of pristine EPS and composites were prepared using solution cast method. The prepared films were subjected to fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), SEM, UV-visible spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, and universal testing machine for structural, morphological, optical, thermal, and mechanical characterizations. Optical study revealed a significant increase in refractive index and absorption of composites than EPS. Indirect band-gap energy of EPS (~4.08 eV) was reduced to ~1.61 eV for rGO composite and ~ 2.23 eV for composite composed of rGO and SEBS-g-MA. Thermal analyses presented improvement in characterization temperatures such as T10, T50, Tp, Tm, and Tg of composites, which ultimately lead to the thermal stability of prepared composites than pristine EPS. Stress-strain curves displayed higher yield strength (46.62 MPa), Young's modulus (96.29 MPa), and strain at break (0.54%) for EPS+rGO composite than pure EPS having stress at break (1.01 MPa), Young's modulus (12.44 MPa), and strain at break (0.08%). Moreover, ductility with relatively higher strain at break (0.61%) and lower Young's modulus (79.32 MPa) and yield strength (32.98 MPa) was noticed in EPS+rGO+SEBS-g-MA composite than EPS+rGO composite film. Morphological analysis revealed a change in globular morphology of EPS and inhomogeneous dispersion of rGO in EPS to homogeneously dispersed rGO in EPS matrix without globules owing to the addition of SEBS-g-MA. The increase in compatibility of EPS and rGO due to SEBS-g-MA was also observed in FTIR spectra. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Here, the solution casting approach was used to create the composite film of EPS and rGO with globules of various sizes. After adding SEBS-g-MA, the shape altered to globular free films exhibiting homogenous dispersion of rGO in EPS matrix. An optical investigation showed that composite materials had a significantly higher refractive index and absorption than EPS. The optical, thermal, and mechanical investigations suggest that the produced composites may be a great substitute for virgin EPS, allowing for a wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrukh Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Sohail
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ali Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Sajid Mahmood
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mishref, Kuwait
| | - Nasser S Awwad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Bisio C, Brendlé J, Cahen S, Feng Y, Hwang SJ, Nocchetti M, O'Hare D, Rabu P, Melanova K, Leroux F. Recent advances and perspectives for intercalation layered compounds. Part 2: applications in the field of catalysis, environment and health. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39046465 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Intercalation compounds represent a unique class of materials that can be anisotropic (1D and 2D-based topology) or isotropic (3D) through their guest/host superlattice repetitive organisation. Intercalation refers to the reversible introduction of guest species with variable natures into a crystalline host lattice. Different host lattice structures have been used for the preparation of intercalation compounds, and many examples are produced by exploiting the flexibility and the ability of 2D-based hosts to accommodate different guest species, ranging from ions to complex molecules. This reaction is then carried out to allow systematic control and fine tuning of the final properties of the derived compounds, thus allowing them to be used for various applications. This review mainly focuses on the recent applications of intercalation layered compounds (ILCs) based on layered clays, zirconium phosphates, layered double hydroxides and graphene as heterogeneous catalysts, for environmental and health purposes, aiming at collecting and discussing how intercalation processes can be exploited for the selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bisio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, AL, Italy.
- CNR-SCITEC Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Jocelyne Brendlé
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse CEDEX, France.
| | - Sébastien Cahen
- Institut Jean Lamour - UMR 7198 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Groupe Matériaux Carbonés, Campus ARTEM - 2 Allée André Guinier, B.P. 50840, F54011, NancyCedex, France
| | - Yongjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Seong-Ju Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Morena Nocchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Dermot O'Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Department of Chemistry, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Pierre Rabu
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP43, 67034 Strasbourg cedex 2, France
| | - Klara Melanova
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Fabrice Leroux
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6296, Clermont Auvergne INP, 24 av Blaise Pascal, BP 80026, 63171 Aubière cedex, France.
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da Silva Júnior AH, Müller JDOM, de Oliveira CRS, de Noni Junior A, Tewo RK, Mhike W, da Silva A, Mapossa AB, Sundararaj U. New Insights into Materials for Pesticide and Other Agricultural Pollutant Remediation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3478. [PMID: 39063770 PMCID: PMC11277666 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The increase in the world population and the intensification of agricultural practices have resulted in the release of several contaminants into the environment, especially pesticides and heavy metals. This article reviews recent advances in using adsorbent and catalytic materials for environmental decontamination. Different materials, including clays, carbonaceous, metallic, polymeric, and hybrid materials, are evaluated for their effectiveness in pollutant removal. Adsorption is an effective technique due to its low cost, operational simplicity, and possibility of adsorbent regeneration. Catalytic processes, especially those using metallic nanoparticles, offer high efficiency in degrading complex pesticides. Combining these technologies can enhance the efficiency of remediation processes, promoting a more sustainable and practical approach to mitigate the impacts of pesticides and other agricultural pollutants on the environment. Therefore, this review article aims to present several types of materials used as adsorbents and catalysts for decontaminating ecosystems affected by agricultural pollutants. It discusses recent works in literature and future perspectives on using these materials in environmental remediation. Additionally, it explores the possibilities of using green chemistry principles in producing sustainable materials and using agro-industrial waste as precursors of new materials to remove contaminants from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Henrique da Silva Júnior
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.J.); (J.d.O.M.M.); (C.R.S.d.O.); (A.d.N.J.); (A.d.S.)
| | - Júlia de Oliveira Martins Müller
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.J.); (J.d.O.M.M.); (C.R.S.d.O.); (A.d.N.J.); (A.d.S.)
| | - Carlos Rafael Silva de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.J.); (J.d.O.M.M.); (C.R.S.d.O.); (A.d.N.J.); (A.d.S.)
- Department of Textile Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau 89036-256, SC, Brazil
| | - Agenor de Noni Junior
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.J.); (J.d.O.M.M.); (C.R.S.d.O.); (A.d.N.J.); (A.d.S.)
| | - Robert Kimutai Tewo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Kiganjo/Mathari, B5, Dedan Kimathi, Nyeri Private Bag 10143, Kenya;
| | - Washington Mhike
- Polymer Technology Division, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa;
| | - Adriano da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.H.d.S.J.); (J.d.O.M.M.); (C.R.S.d.O.); (A.d.N.J.); (A.d.S.)
| | - António Benjamim Mapossa
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Abdollahi Boraei SB, Bakhshandeh B, Mohammadzadeh F, Haghighi DM, Mohammadpour Z. Clay-reinforced PVC composites and nanocomposites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29196. [PMID: 38633642 PMCID: PMC11021979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Clay-reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites and nanocomposites are one of the newest and most important compounds studied and used in various applications, including the biomedical, automotive industry, water treatment, packaging, fire retarding, and construction. The most important clays used in the synthesis of these composites are Bentonite, Montmorillonite, Kaolinite, and Illite. The addition of these nanoclays to the PVC matrix improves mechanical properties, thermal stability, and yellowness index properties. In this chapter, a detailed study of PVC and its properties, types of nanoclays and their properties, modification of nanoclays, production methods of composites, and nanocomposites of PVC/clay, their characterization, and applications have been performed. Herein, the types, properties, and applications of PVC/clay nanocomposites, as well as their challenges and future remarks, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi Boraei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorrin Mohtadi Haghighi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadpour
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1517964311, Iran
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Lee I, Kim J, Yun S, Jang J, Cho SY, Cho JS, Ryu JH, Choi D, Cho C. Synergistic Combination of Dual Clays in Multilayered Nanocomposites for Enhanced Flame Retardant Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6606-6615. [PMID: 38371790 PMCID: PMC10870267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to reduce the flammability of synthetic polymeric materials such as cotton fabrics and polyurethane foam (PUF), hybrid nanocoatings are prepared by layer-by-layer assembly. Multilayered nanocomposites of a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), are paired with two kinds of clay nanoplatelets, montmorillonite (MMT) and vermiculite (VMT). The physical properties such as thickness and mass and thermal behaviors in clay-based nanocoatings with and without incorporation of tris buffer are compared to assess the effectiveness of amine salts on flame retardant (FR) performances. A PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT system, in which tris buffer is introduced into the cationic PDDA aqueous solution, produces a thicker and heavier coating. Three different systems, including PDDA/MMT, PDDA/VMT-MMT, and PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT, result in conformal coating, retaining the weave structure of the fabrics after being exposed to a vertical and horizontal flame test, while the uncoated sample is completely burned out. The synergistic effects of dual clay-based hybrid nanocoatings are greatly improved by adding amine salts. Cone calorimetry reveals that the PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT-coated PUF eliminates a second peak heat release rate and significantly reduces other FR performances, compared to those obtained from the clay-based multilayer films with no amine salts added. Ten bilayers of PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT (≈250 nm thick) maintain the shape of foam after exposure to a butane torch flame for 12 s. As for practical use of these nanocomposites in real fire disasters, spray-assisted PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT multilayers on woods exhibit high resistance over flammability. Improved fire resistance in PDDA-tris/VMT-MMT is believed to be due to the enhanced char yield through the addition of tris buffer that promotes the deposition of more clay particles while retaining a highly ordered deposition of a densely packed nanobrick wall structure. This work demonstrates the ability to impart significant fire resistance to synthetic polymer materials in a fully renewable nanocoating that uses environmentally benign chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Lee
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Kim
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Yun
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Wearable
Platform Materials Technology Center (WMC), Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced
Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Youn Cho
- Carbon
Composite Materials Research Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sang Cho
- Department
of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National
University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Ryu
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhi Choi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic
of Korea
| | - Chungyeon Cho
- Department
of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Machado S, Pereira R, Sousa RMOF. Nanobiopesticides: Are they the future of phytosanitary treatments in modern agriculture? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:166401. [PMID: 37597566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The world's population is continuously increasing; therefore, food availability will be one of the major concerns of our future. In addition to that, many practices and products used, such as pesticides and fertilizers have been shown harmful to the environment and human health and are assumed as being one of the main factors responsible for the loss of biodiversity. Also, climate change could agravate the problem since it causes unpredictable variation of local and regional climate conditions,which frequently favor the growth of diseases, pathogens and pest growth. The use of natural products, like essential oils, plant extracts, or substances of microbial-origin in combination with nanotechnology is one suitable way to outgrow this problem. The most often employed natural products in research studies to date include pyrethrum extract, neem oil, and various essential oils, which when enclosed shown increased resistance to environmental factors. They also demonstrated insecticidal, antibacterial, and fungicidal properties. However, in order to truly determine if these products, despite being natural, would be hazardous or not, testing in non-target organisms, which are rare, must start to become a common practice. Therefore, this review aims to present the existing literature concerning nanoformulations of biopesticides and a standard definition for nanobiopesticides, their synthesis methods and their possible ecotoxicological impacts, while discussing the regulatory aspects regarding their authorization and commercialization. As a result of this, you will find a critical analysis in this reading. The most obvious findings are that i) there are insufficient reliable ecotoxicological data for risk assessment purposes and to establish safety doses; and ii) the requirements for registration and authorization of these new products are not as straightforward as those for synthetic chemicals and take a lot of time, which is a major challenge/limitation in terms of the goals set by the Farm to Fork initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Machado
- GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rose Marie O F Sousa
- GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences & INOV4AGRO, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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8
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Mapossa AB, da Silva Júnior AH, de Oliveira CRS, Mhike W. Thermal, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Multifunctional Composites Based on Biodegradable Polymers/Bentonite Clay: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3443. [PMID: 37631500 PMCID: PMC10458906 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of non-biodegradable plastic products has resulted in significant environmental problems caused by their accumulation in landfills and their proliferation into water bodies. Biodegradable polymers offer a potential solution to mitigate these issues through the utilization of renewable resources which are abundantly available and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. However, biodegradable polymers face challenges such as relatively low mechanical strength and thermal resistance, relatively inferior gas barrier properties, low processability, and economic viability. To overcome these limitations, researchers are investigating the incorporation of nanofillers, specifically bentonite clay, into biodegradable polymeric matrices. Bentonite clay is an aluminum phyllosilicate with interesting properties such as a high cation exchange capacity, a large surface area, and environmental compatibility. However, achieving complete dispersion of nanoclays in polymeric matrices remains a challenge due to these materials' hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature. Several methods are employed to prepare polymer-clay nanocomposites, including solution casting, melt extrusion, spraying, inkjet printing, and electrospinning. Biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites are versatile and promising in various industrial applications such as electromagnetic shielding, energy storage, electronics, and flexible electronics. Additionally, combining bentonite clay with other fillers such as graphene can significantly reduce production costs compared to the exclusive use of carbon nanotubes or metallic fillers in the matrix. This work reviews the development of bentonite clay-based composites with biodegradable polymers for multifunctional applications. The composition, structure, preparation methods, and characterization techniques of these nanocomposites are discussed, along with the challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Benjamim Mapossa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Afonso Henrique da Silva Júnior
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Washington Mhike
- Polymer Technology Division, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
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Nomicisio C, Ruggeri M, Bianchi E, Vigani B, Valentino C, Aguzzi C, Viseras C, Rossi S, Sandri G. Natural and Synthetic Clay Minerals in the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Fields. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051368. [PMID: 37242610 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clay minerals are historically among the most used materials with a wide variety of applications. In pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, their healing properties have always been known and used in pelotherapy and therefore attractive for their potential. In recent decades, the research has therefore focused on the systematic investigation of these properties. This review aims to describe the most relevant and recent uses of clays in the pharmaceutical and biomedical field, especially for drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes. Clay minerals, which are biocompatible and non-toxic materials, can act as carriers for active ingredients while controlling their release and increasing their bioavailability. Moreover, the combination of clays and polymers is useful as it can improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers, as well as induce cell adhesion and proliferation. Different types of clays, both of natural (such as montmorillonite and halloysite) and synthetic origin (layered double hydroxides and zeolites), were considered in order to compare them and to assess their advantages and different uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Nomicisio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bianchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Valentino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carola Aguzzi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cesar Viseras
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Granada, Cartuja Campus, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Kumari N, Mohan C, Negi A. An Investigative Study on the Structural, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Clay-Based PVC Polymer Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081922. [PMID: 37112069 PMCID: PMC10145312 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the impact of pristine and surfactant-modified clays (montmorillonite, bentonite and vermiculite) on the thermomechanical properties of a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymer film. Initially, clay was modified by employing the ion exchange method. The modification of clay minerals was confirmed by the XRD pattern and thermogravimetric analysis. Pristine PVC polymer film and clay (montmorillonite, bentonite and vermiculite)-based PVC polymer composite films were fabricated using solution casting. The ideal dispersion of surfactant-modified organo-clays was observed in the PVC polymer matrix due to the hydrophobic nature of modified clays. The resultant pure polymer film and clay polymer composite film were characterized using XRD and TGA, and their mechanical properties were determined using a tensile strength tester and Durometer. From the XRD pattern, the intercalation of the PVC polymer film was found in the interlayer of organo-clay while exfoliation or partial intercalation and exfoliation were observed for pristine clay mineral-based PVC polymer composite films. Thermal analysis indicated a lowering of the decomposition temperature of the composite film as clay promotes the thermal degradation temperature of PVC. Improvement in the tensile strength and hardness was found to be more frequent in the case of organo-clay-based PVC polymer films, which is only due to the hydrophobic nature of organ clays, resulting in greater compatibility with the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, SBAS, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, SBAS, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
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Fabrication of Nylon 6-Montmorillonite Clay Nanocomposites with Enhanced Structural and Mechanical Properties by Solution Compounding. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214471. [PMID: 36365466 PMCID: PMC9658336 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Melt compounding has been favored by researchers for producing nylon 6/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites. It was reported that high compatibility between the clay and the nylon6 matrix is essential for producing exfoliated and well-dispersed clay particles within the nylon6 matrix. Though solution compounding represents an alternative preparation method, reported research for its use for the preparation of nylon 6/montmorillonite clay is limited. In the present work, solution compounding was used to prepare nylon6/montmorillonite clays and was found to produce exfoliated nylon 6/montmorillonite nanocomposites, for both organically modified clays with known compatibility with nylon 6 (Cloisite 30B) and clays with low/no compatibility with nylon 6 (Cloisite 15A and Na+-MMT), though to a lower extent. Additionally, solution compounding was found to produce the more stable α crystal structure for both blank nylon6 and nylon6/montmorillonite clays. The process was found to enhance the matrix crystallinity of blank nylon6 samples from 36 to 58%. The resulting composites were found to possess comparable mechanical properties to similar composites produced by melt blending.
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