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Azarin K, Usatov A, Minkina T, Duplii N, Fedorenko A, Plotnikov A, Mandzhieva S, Kumar R, Yong JWH, Sehar S, Rajput VD. Evaluating the phytotoxicological effects of bulk and nano forms of zinc oxide on cellular respiration-related indices and differential gene expression in Hordeum vulgare L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116670. [PMID: 38981388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanoparticles is driving the growth of research on their effects on living organisms. However, studies on the effects of nanoparticles on cellular respiration are still limited. The remodeling of cellular-respiration-related indices in plants induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (nnZnO) and its bulk form (blZnO) was investigated for the first time. For this purpose, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings were grown hydroponically for one week with the addition of test compounds at concentrations of 0, 0.3, 2, and 10 mg mL-1. The results showed that a low concentration (0.3 mg mL-1) of blZnO did not cause significant changes in the respiration efficiency, ATP content, and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in leaf tissues. Moreover, a dose of 0.3 mg mL-1 nnZnO increased respiration efficiency in both leaves (17 %) and roots (38 %). Under the influence of blZnO and nnZnO at medium (2 mg mL-1) and high (10 mg mL-1) concentrations, a dose-dependent decrease in respiration efficiency from 28 % to 87 % was observed. Moreover, the negative effect was greater under the influence of nnZnO. The gene transcription of the subunits of the mitochondria electron transport chain (ETC) changed mainly only under the influence of nnZnO in high concentration. Expression of the ATPase subunit gene, atp1, increased slightly (by 36 %) in leaf tissue under the influence of medium and high concentrations of test compounds, whereas in the root tissues, the atp1 mRNA level decreased significantly (1.6-2.9 times) in all treatments. A dramatic decrease (1.5-2.4 times) in ATP content was also detected in the roots. Against the background of overexpression of the AOX1d1 gene, an isoform of alternative oxidase (AOX), the total ROS content in leaves decreased (with the exception of 10 mg mL-1 nnZnO). However, in the roots, where the pressure of the stress factor is higher, there was a significant increase in ROS levels, with a maximum six-fold increase under 10 mg mL-1 nnZnO. A significant decrease in transcript levels of the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolytic enzymes was also shown in the root tissues compared to leaves. Thus, the disruption of oxidative phosphorylation leads to a decrease in ATP synthesis and an increase in ROS production; concomitantly reducing the efficiency of cellular respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Azarin
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Usatov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Duplii
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Fedorenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Plotnikov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden.
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, the Russian Federation.
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Karnwal A, Dohroo A, Malik T. Unveiling the Potential of Bioinoculants and Nanoparticles in Sustainable Agriculture for Enhanced Plant Growth and Food Security. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6911851. [PMID: 38075309 PMCID: PMC10699995 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6911851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing public concern over the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on food security and sustainability has led to exploring innovative methods that offer both environmental and agricultural benefits. One such innovative approach is using plant-growth-promoting bioinoculants that involve bacteria, fungi, and algae. These living microorganisms are applied to soil, seeds, or plant surfaces and can enhance plant development by increasing nutrient availability and defense against plant pathogens. However, the application of biofertilizers in the field faced many challenges and required conjunction with innovative delivering approaches. Nanotechnology has gained significant attention in recent years due to its numerous applications in various fields, such as medicine, drug development, catalysis, energy, and materials. Nanoparticles with small sizes and large surface areas (1-100 nm) have numerous potential functions. In sustainable agriculture, the development of nanochemicals has shown promise as agents for plant growth, fertilizers, and pesticides. The use of nanomaterials is being considered as a solution to control plant pests, including insects, fungi, and weeds. In the food industry, nanoparticles are used as antimicrobial agents in food packaging, with silver nanomaterials being particularly interesting. However, many nanoparticles (Ag, Fe, Cu, Si, Al, Zn, ZnO, TiO2, CeO2, Al2O3, and carbon nanotubes) have been reported to negatively affect plant growth. This review focuses on the effects of nanoparticles on beneficial plant bacteria and their ability to promote plant growth. Implementing novel sustainable strategies in agriculture, biofertilizers, and nanoparticles could be a promising solution to achieve sustainable food production while reducing the negative environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Karnwal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Aradhana Dohroo
- Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh 173405, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia
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Li S, Liu Y, Wang Z, Liu T, Li X, Zhang P. Integrating Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Enzymatic Profiling to Reveal the Wheat Responses to Nano-ZnO Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3808. [PMID: 38005705 PMCID: PMC10674517 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that increased concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) in the soil are harmful to plant growth. However, the sensitivity of different wheat cultivars to nano-ZnO stress is still unclear. To detect the physiological response process of wheat varieties with different tolerance to nano-ZnO stress, four wheat cultivars (viz., cv. TS1, ZM18, JM22, and LM6) with different responses to nano-ZnO stress were selected, depending on previous nano-ZnO stress trials with 120 wheat cultivars in China. The results found that nano-ZnO exposure reduced chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic electron transport efficiency, along with the depressed carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and limited plant growth. Meanwhile, the genotypic variation in photosynthetic carbon assimilation under nano-ZnO stress was found in wheat plants. Wheat cv. JM22 and LM6 possessed relatively lower Zn concentrations and higher leaf nitrogen per area, less reductions in their net photosynthetic rate, a maximum quantum yield of the PS II (Fv/Fm), electron transport flux per cross-section (ETo/CSm), trapped energy flux per cross-section (TRo/CSm), and total soluble sugar and sucrose concentrations under nano-ZnO stress, showing a better tolerance to nano-ZnO stress than wheat cv. TS1 and ZM18. In addition, the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm, ETo/CSm, and TRo/CSm could be used to rapidly screen wheat varieties resistant to nano-ZnO stress. The results here provide a new approach for solving the issues of crop yield decline in regions polluted by heavy metal nanoparticles and promoting the sustainable utilization of farmland with heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Engineering Laboratory for Ecoagriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoyuan 136200, China;
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (Y.L.); (X.L.)
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Doğaroğlu ZG, Uysal Y, Çaylalı Z, Karakulak DS. Green nanotechnology advances: green manufacturing of zinc nanoparticles, characterization, and foliar application on wheat and antibacterial characteristics using Mentha spicata (mint) and Ocimum basilicum (basil) leaf extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:60820-60837. [PMID: 37039921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their distinctive characteristics and widespread application across all scientific disciplines, nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention in the current millennium. Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs is gaining a lot of interest at the moment due to a number of its advantages over traditional methods, including being quicker, less expensive, and more environmentally friendly. In the current study, two distinct plant extracts are used to quickly, cheaply, and environmentally friendly synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Mint (Mentha spicata) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) were the plants employed in this study as stabilizing agents to synthesize ZnO-NPs with a green chemistry approach. The innovative aspect of the study is the use of mint and basil extracts in the conversion of zinc chloride to zinc oxide and then determining the effect of these two types of nanoparticles produced by green synthesis on the growth parameters of the plant when they reach the plants by foliar spraying and their uptake by plants and evaluating the antibacterial properties of these nanoparticles. The physical properties of the produced nanoparticles were investigated using XRD, SEM, and FTIR. Moreover, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to demonstrate the antibacterial properties of ZnO-NPs against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Synthesized ZnO-NPs were also given as foliar treatment in order to determine Zn+2 uptake by plants and potential toxic effects on the growth of wheat. The shape of ZnO-NPs was triangular, as revealed by SEM analysis. In the X-ray diffraction study, strong and clearly discernible sharp peaks were seen, with an average size of 24.5 nm for M-ZnO-NPs and 26.7 nm for B-ZnO-NPs determined using Scherrer's formula. The phytoconstituents of the plant extract served as capping/stabilizing agents during the synthesis of ZnO-NPs, as demonstrated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The produced nanoparticles were applied to the green parts of wheat plants by spraying, and the development of the plants and the change of zinc uptake were investigated. At the same time, the effect of these three types of nanoparticles on the germination of wheat seeds in the soil medium containing these nanoparticles was investigated. According to experimental results, M-ZnO-NPs (produced from mint) and B-ZnO-NPs (produced from basil) improved the germination percentage of wheat at 400 mg/L concentration (100%), while raw ZnO-NPs showed 90% germination at the same concentration. When the Zn+2 uptake of the plant by the leaves depending on the Zn+2 concentration in the environment after spraying was examined, it was determined that the Zn+2 uptake of the plants increased due to the increase in the applied Zn+2 concentration. The highest Zn+2 uptake of the plant was determined as 50, 25, and 50 mg/L for M-ZnO-NP, B-ZnO-NPs, and raw ZnO-NPs, respectively. Therefore, it has been determined that plant growth varies depending on the type and concentration of ZnO-NPs, and therefore, if foliar nanoparticle applications are made to wheat, the threshold concentrations, sizes, and types of ZnO-NPs should be carefully evaluated. In addition, antibacterial properties results showed that S. aureus was more sensitive to all three types of ZnO-NPs than E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu
- Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Uysal
- Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Zehranur Çaylalı
- Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Delil Sefkan Karakulak
- Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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