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Mucheye Y, Reddythota D. Investigation of the impact of municipal solid waste disposal site leachate on surface water resources in Hosanna Town, Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44049-44067. [PMID: 38922466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Surface water resources are the most precious, yet they are also the most vulnerable to pollution. Consequently, maintaining the sustainability of water supplies is critical for livestock support to achieve SDG goals. Landfill leachate poses a significant threat to water resources in developing countries. This study aims to determine how the Hosanna town landfill site affects the Jewie River by analysing the quality of the Alela and Ajew streams and the landfill leachate in both wet and dry seasons. Furthermore, assess the suitability of the water quality for agricultural purposes. The leachate pollution index (LPI), Canadian Council Member of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI), and irrigation water quality indices (IWQI) were computed for both seasons using two composite leachate samples and five flow-pace composite river samples. In the wet season, the leachate pollution indices for L1 and L2 ranged from 20.87 to 22.47, respectively. During the dry season, the leachate pollutant index of L1 and L2 was found to be 24.42 and 27.98. Only the Ajew River stream was affected during the dry season because the landfill site is only 46 m away. Both the Ajew and Alela River streams are infested during the rainy season. Irrigation index concentrations revealed that the river water is suitable for cultivation. The early stages of landfill waste maturation are evident from the LPI results. Relocating the dump site is necessary to safeguard water resources because leachate has entered the river streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibeltal Mucheye
- Faculty of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, SNNPR, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Reddythota
- Faculty of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, SNNPR, Ethiopia.
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Acheamfour CL, Parveen S, Gutierrez A, Handy ET, Behal S, Kim D, Kim S, East C, Xiong R, Haymaker JR, Micallef SA, Rosenberg Goldstein RE, Kniel KE, Sapkota AR, Hashem F, Sharma M. Detection of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in alternative irrigation water by culture and qPCR-based methods in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0353623. [PMID: 38376152 PMCID: PMC10986563 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03536-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative irrigation waters (rivers, ponds, and reclaimed water) can harbor bacterial foodborne pathogens like Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes, potentially contaminating fruit and vegetable commodities. Detecting foodborne pathogens using qPCR-based methods may accelerate testing methods and procedures compared to culture-based methods. This study compared detection of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes by qPCR (real-time PCR) and culture methods in irrigation waters to determine the influence of water type (river, pond, and reclaimed water), season (winter, spring, summer, and fall), or volume (0.1, 1, and 10 L) on sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and positive (PPV), and negative (NPV) predictive values of these methods. Water samples were collected by filtration through modified Moore swabs (MMS) over a 2-year period at 11 sites in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. on a bi-weekly or monthly schedule. For qPCR, bacterial DNA from culture-enriched samples (n = 1,990) was analyzed by multiplex qPCR specific for S. enterica and L. monocytogenes. For culture detection, enriched samples were selectively enriched, isolated, and PCR confirmed. PPVs for qPCR detection of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes were 68% and 67%, respectively. The NPV were 87% (S. enterica) and 85% (L. monocytogenes). Higher levels of qPCR/culture agreement were observed in spring and summer compared to fall and winter for S. enterica; for L. monocytogenes, lower levels of agreement were observed in winter compared to spring, summer, and fall. Reclaimed and pond water supported higher levels of qPCR/culture agreement compared to river water for both S. enterica and L. monocytogenes, indicating that water type may influence the agreement of these results. IMPORTANCE Detecting foodborne pathogens in irrigation water can inform interventions and management strategies to reduce risk of contamination and illness associated with fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. The use of non-culture methods like qPCR has the potential to accelerate the testing process. Results indicated that pond and reclaimed water showed higher levels of agreement between culture and qPCR methods than river water, perhaps due to specific physiochemical characteristics of the water. These findings also show that season and sample volume affect the agreement of qPCR and culture results. Overall, qPCR methods could be more confidently utilized to determine the absence of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in irrigation water samples examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanelle L. Acheamfour
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, USA
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan Gutierrez
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric T. Handy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Behal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Donghyun Kim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Seongyun Kim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental System Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheryl East
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ray Xiong
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Joseph R. Haymaker
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Shirley A. Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel E. Rosenberg Goldstein
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kalmia E. Kniel
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Amy R. Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Fawzy Hashem
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Manan Sharma
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
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Datta S, Ishikawa M, Chudhakorn S, Charaslertrangsi T. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Characteristics of Escherichia coli in Selected Vegetables and Herbs in Bangkok, Thailand. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100229. [PMID: 38246524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Raw vegetables and herbs are exposure sources of foodborne pathogens. This study examined the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in five types of fresh vegetables and herbs: spearmint (Mentha spicata), leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Produce samples (n = 300) were acquired from local open markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. Each produce sample was preenriched in buffered peptone water and then enriched in E. coli broth. A loopful of the second enrichment was transferred onto selective media for subsequent confirmation and biochemical tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test was employed to assess E. coli susceptibility to selected antibiotics (twelve antibiotics of seven classes). The latex agglutination test was performed to serotype the isolates for O157 and H7 antigens. A commercial test kit was used to determine the presence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). For all samples, the prevalence of E. coli was found to be 32.0% (96/300), whereby produce from supermarkets had a higher prevalence than those from local markets at 40.7% (61/150) and 23.3% (35/150), respectively. Among different types of produce, leaf lettuce had the highest E. coli prevalence at 36.7% (22/60), followed by cucumber and spearmint, coriander, and Chinese cabbage, at 35.0% (21/60), 35.0% (21/60), 35.0% (21/60), and 18.3% (11/60), respectively. Of the positive isolates, 27.1% (26/96) showed multidrug resistance. All isolates (100%) showed resistance to penicillin but varying resistant characteristics for tetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin, with resistance rates of 31.3% (30/96), 31.3% (30/96), and 31.3% (30/96), respectively. Two of the 96 isolates (1.1%) were positive for the O157 antigen but negative for the H7 antigen. No STEC was observed. This study established baseline information regarding the prevalence of E. coli and its antimicrobial resistance profile in produce in Bangkok, Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopanant Datta
- Undergraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Mahidol University International College, Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Marisa Ishikawa
- Undergraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Mahidol University International College, Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Siriyakorn Chudhakorn
- Undergraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Mahidol University International College, Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Tumnoon Charaslertrangsi
- Biological Sciences Program, Science Division, Mahidol University International College, Phuttamonthon 4 Rd, Salaya Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Batra AR, Cottam D, Lepesteur M, Dexter C, Zuccala K, Martino C, Khudur L, Daniel V, Ball AS, Soni SK. Development of A Rapid, Low-Cost Portable Detection Assay for Enterococci in Wastewater and Environmental Waters. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020381. [PMID: 36838346 PMCID: PMC9960780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterborne diseases are known as a leading cause of illness and death in both developing and developed countries. Several pathogens can be present in contaminated water, particularly waters containing faecal material; however, routine monitoring of all pathogens is not currently possible. Enterococcus faecalis, which is present in the microflora of human and animals has been used as a faecal indicator in water due to its abundance in surface water and soil. Accurate and fast detection methods are critical for the effective monitoring of E. faecalis in the environment. Although conventional and current molecular detection techniques provide sufficient sensitivity, specificity and throughput, their use is hampered by the long waiting period (1-6 days) to obtain results, the need for expensive laboratory equipment, skilled personnel, and cold-chain storage. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a detection system for E. faecalis that would be simple, rapid, and low-cost, using an isothermal DNA amplification assay called recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), integrated with a lateral flow assay (LFA). The assay was found to be 100% selective for E. faecalis and capable of detecting rates as low as 2.8 × 103 cells per 100 mL from water and wastewater, and 2.8 × 104 cells per 100 mL from saline water. The assay was completed in approximately 30 min using one constant temperature (38 °C). In addition, this study demonstrated the quantitation of E. faecalis using a lateral flow strip reader for the first time, enhancing the potential use of RPA assay for the enumeration of E. faecalis in wastewater and heavily contaminated environmental waters, surface water, and wastewater. However, the sensitivity of the RPA-LFA assay for the detection of E. faecalis in tap water, saline water and in wastewater was 10-1000 times lower than that of the Enterolert-E test, depending on the water quality. Nevertheless, with further improvements, this low-cost RPA-LFA may be suitable to be used at the point-of-need (PON) if conjugated with a rapid field-deployable DNA extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rani Batra
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-399256594
| | - Darren Cottam
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Muriel Lepesteur
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Carina Dexter
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Kelly Zuccala
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Caroline Martino
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Centre for Applied Sciences, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod, VIC 3085, Australia
| | - Leadin Khudur
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Vivek Daniel
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew S. Ball
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Soni
- ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia’s Biosolids Resource, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West, VIC 3083, Australia
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