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Seemakram W, Boonrung S, Aimi T, Ekprasert J, Lumyong S, Boonlue S. Purification, characterization and partial amino acid sequences of thermo-alkali-stable and mercury ion-tolerant xylanase from Thermomyces dupontii KKU-CLD-E2-3. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21663. [PMID: 33303944 PMCID: PMC7730141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the properties of the low molecular weight thermo-alkali-stable and mercury ion-tolerant xylanase production from Thermomyces dupontii KKU-CLD-E2-3. The xylanase was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography which resulted 27.92-fold purification specific activity of 56.19 U/mg protein and a recovery yield of 2.01%. The purified xylanase showed a molecular weight of 25 kDa by SDS-PAGE and the partial peptide sequence showed maximum sequence homology to the endo-1,4-β-xylanase. The optimum temperature and pH for its activity were 80 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. Furthermore, the purified xylanase can maintain more than 75% of the original activity in pH range of 7.0-10.0 after incubation at 4 °C for 24 h, and can still maintain more than 70% of original activity after incubating at 70 °C for 90 min. Our purified xylanase was activated by Cu2+ and Hg2+ up to 277% and 235% of initial activity, respectively but inhibited by Co2+, Ag+ and SDS at a concentration of 5 mM. The Km and Vmax values of beechwood xylan were 3.38 mg/mL and 625 µmol/min/mg, respectively. Furthermore, our xylanase had activity specifically to xylan-containing substrates and hydrolyzed beechwood xylan, and the end products mainly were xylotetraose and xylobiose. The results suggested that our purified xylanase has potential to use for pulp bleaching in the pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasan Seemakram
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Santhaya Boonrung
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Buriram, 31000, Thailand
| | - Tadanori Aimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Jindarat Ekprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai Univertity, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Sophon Boonlue
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Gautam A, Kumar A, Bharti AK, Dutt D. Rice straw fermentation by Schizophyllum commune ARC-11 to produce high level of xylanase for its application in pre-bleaching. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:693-701. [PMID: 30733790 PMCID: PMC6353721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice straw is valuable resource that has been used as substrate for cost effective production of xylanase under solid-state fermentation by a newly isolated white rot fungi, S. commune ARC-11. Out of eleven carbon sources tested, rice straw was found most effective for the induction of xylanase that produced 4288.3 IU/gds of xylanase by S. commune ARC-11. Maximum xylanase production (6721.9 IU/gds) was observed on 8th day of incubation at temperature (30 °C), initial pH (7.0) and initial moisture content (70.0%). The supplementation of ammonium sulphate (0.08% N, as available nitrogen) enhanced the xylanase production up to 8591.4 IU/gds. The xylanase production by S. commune ARC-11 was further improved by the addition of 0.10%, (w/v) of Tween-20 as surfactant. The maximum xylanase activities were found at pH 5.0 and temperature 55 °C with a longer stability (180 min) at temperature 45, 50 and 55 °C. This xylanase preparation was also evaluated for the pre-bleaching of ethanol-soda pulp from Eulaliopsis binata. An enzyme dosage of 10 IU/g of xylanase resulted maximum decrease in kappa number (14.51%) with a maximum improvement 2.9% in ISO brightness compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gautam
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247 001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Amit Kumar Bharti
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247 001, India
| | - Dharm Dutt
- Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247 001, India
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Tovar-Herrera OE, Martha-Paz AM, Pérez-LLano Y, Aranda E, Tacoronte-Morales JE, Pedroso-Cabrera MT, Arévalo-Niño K, Folch-Mallol JL, Batista-García RA. Schizophyllum commune: An unexploited source for lignocellulose degrading enzymes. Microbiologyopen 2018; 7:e00637. [PMID: 29785766 PMCID: PMC6011954 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose represents the most abundant source of carbon in the Earth. Thus, fraction technology of the biomass turns up as an emerging technology for the development of biorefineries. Saccharification and fermentation processes require the formulation of enzymatic cocktails or the development of microorganisms (naturally or genetically modified) with the appropriate toolbox to produce a cost‐effective fermentation technology. Therefore, the search for microorganisms capable of developing effective cellulose hydrolysis represents one of the main challenges in this era. Schizophyllum commune is an edible agarical with a great capability to secrete a myriad of hydrolytic enzymes such as xylanases and endoglucanases that are expressed in a high range of substrates. In addition, a large number of protein‐coding genes for glycoside hydrolases, oxidoreductases like laccases (Lacs; EC 1.10.3.2), as well as some sequences encoding for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and expansins‐like proteins demonstrate the potential of this fungus to be applied in different biotechnological process. In this review, we focus on the enzymatic toolbox of S. commune at the genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level, as well as the requirements to be employed for fermentable sugars production in biorefineries. At the end the trend of its use in patent registration is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Eduardo Tovar-Herrera
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Adriana Mayrel Martha-Paz
- Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología, Unidad de manipulación genética, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Yordanis Pérez-LLano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Katiushka Arévalo-Niño
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Purification and characterization of low molecular weight extreme alkaline xylanase from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila BF1-7. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Seemakram W, Boonrung S, Katekaew S, Aimi T, Boonlue S. Purification and characterization of low molecular weight alkaline xylanase from Neosartorya tatenoi KKU-CLB-3-2-4-1. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rytioja J, Hildén K, Yuzon J, Hatakka A, de Vries RP, Mäkelä MR. Plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from Basidiomycetes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2014; 78:614-49. [PMID: 25428937 PMCID: PMC4248655 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00035-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Basidiomycete fungi subsist on various types of plant material in diverse environments, from living and dead trees and forest litter to crops and grasses and to decaying plant matter in soils. Due to the variation in their natural carbon sources, basidiomycetes have highly varied plant-polysaccharide-degrading capabilities. This topic is not as well studied for basidiomycetes as for ascomycete fungi, which are the main sources of knowledge on fungal plant polysaccharide degradation. Research on plant-biomass-decaying fungi has focused on isolating enzymes for current and future applications, such as for the production of fuels, the food industry, and waste treatment. More recently, genomic studies of basidiomycete fungi have provided a profound view of the plant-biomass-degrading potential of wood-rotting, litter-decomposing, plant-pathogenic, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) basidiomycetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on plant polysaccharide depolymerization by basidiomycete species from diverse habitats. In addition, these data are compared to those for the most broadly studied ascomycete genus, Aspergillus, to provide insight into specific features of basidiomycetes with respect to plant polysaccharide degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rytioja
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Hildén
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Yuzon
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annele Hatakka
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Valenzuela SV, Diaz P, Pastor FIJ. Xyn11E from Paenibacillus barcinonensis BP-23: a LppX-chaperone-dependent xylanase with potential for upgrading paper pulps. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5949-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tenkanen M, Vršanská M, Siika-aho M, Wong DW, Puchart V, Penttilä M, Saloheimo M, Biely P. Xylanase XYN IV from Trichoderma reesei showing exo- and endo-xylanase activity. FEBS J 2012; 280:285-301. [PMID: 23167779 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A minor xylanase, named XYN IV, was purified from the cellulolytic system of the fungus Trichoderma reesei Rut C30. The enzyme was discovered on the basis of its ability to attack aldotetraohexenuronic acid (HexA-2Xyl-4Xyl-4Xyl, HexA(3)Xyl(3)), releasing the reducing-end xylose residue. XYN IV exhibited catalytic properties incompatible with previously described endo-β-1,4-xylanases of this fungus, XYN I, XYN II and XYN III, and the xylan-hydrolyzing endo-β-1,4-glucanase EG I. XYN IV was able to degrade several different β-1,4-xylans, but was inactive on β-1,4-mannans and β-1,4-glucans. It showed both exo-and endo-xylanase activity. Rhodymenan, a linear soluble β-1,3-β-1,4-xylan, was as the best substrate. Linear xylooligosaccharides were attacked exclusively at the first glycosidic linkage from the reducing end. The gene xyn4, encoding XYN IV, was also isolated. It showed clear homology with xylanases classified in glycoside hydrolase family 30, which also includes glucanases and mannanases. The xyn4 gene was expressed slightly when grown on xylose and xylitol, clearly on arabinose, arabitol, sophorose, xylobiose, xylan and cellulose, but not on glucose or sorbitol, resembling induction of other xylanolytic enzymes from T. reesei. A recombinant enzyme prepared in a Pichia pastoris expression system exhibited identical catalytic properties to the enzyme isolated from the T. reesei culture medium. The physiological role of this unique enzyme remains unknown, but it may involve liberation of xylose from the reducing end of branched oligosaccharides that are resistant toward β-xylosidase and other types of endoxylanases. In terms of its catalytic properties, XYN IV differs from bacterial GH family 30 glucuronoxylanases that recognize 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) substituents as substrate specificity determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Tenkanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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Purification and some properties of low-molecular-weight extreme halophilic xylanase from Chromohalobacter sp. TPSV 101. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Holocellulase Activity from Schizophyllum commune Grown on Bamboo: A Comparison with Different Substrates. Curr Microbiol 2011; 63:581-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang J, Siika-aho M, Puranen T, Tang M, Tenkanen M, Viikari L. Thermostable recombinant xylanases from Nonomuraea flexuosa and Thermoascus aurantiacus show distinct properties in the hydrolysis of xylans and pretreated wheat straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2011; 4:12. [PMID: 21592333 PMCID: PMC3114720 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-4-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials, thermostable enzymes decrease the amount of enzyme needed due to higher specific activity and elongate the hydrolysis time due to improved stability. For cost-efficient use of enzymes in large-scale industrial applications, high-level expression of enzymes in recombinant hosts is usually a prerequisite. The main aim of the present study was to compare the biochemical and hydrolytic properties of two thermostable recombinant glycosyl hydrolase families 10 and 11 (GH10 and GH11, respectively) xylanases with respect to their potential application in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates. RESULTS The xylanases from Nonomuraea flexuosa (Nf Xyn11A) and from Thermoascus aurantiacus (Ta Xyn10A) were purified by heat treatment and gel permeation chromatography. Ta Xyn10A exhibited higher hydrolytic efficiency than Nf Xyn11A toward birchwood glucuronoxylan, insoluble oat spelt arabinoxylan and hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw, and it produced more reducing sugars. Oligosaccharides from xylobiose to xylopentaose as well as higher degree of polymerization (DP) xylooligosaccharides (XOSs), but not xylose, were released during the initial hydrolysis of xylans by Nf Xyn11A, indicating its potential for the production of XOS. The mode of action of Nf Xyn11A and Ta Xyn10A on glucuronoxylan and arabinoxylan showed typical production patterns of endoxylanases belonging to GH11 and GH10, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Because of its high catalytic activity and good thermostability, T. aurantiacus xylanase shows great potential for applications aimed at total hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for platform sugars, whereas N. flexuosa xylanase shows more significant potential for the production of XOSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Matti Siika-aho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Terhi Puranen
- Roal Oy, Tykkimäentie 15, FIN-05200, Rajamäki, Finland
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Viikari
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Chong SL, Battaglia E, Coutinho PM, Henrissat B, Tenkanen M, de Vries RP. The α-glucuronidase Agu1 from Schizophyllum commune is a member of a novel glycoside hydrolase family (GH115). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:1323-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Facchini FDA, Vici AC, Reis VRA, Jorge JA, Terenzi HF, Reis RA, Polizeli MDLTDM. Production of fibrolytic enzymes by Aspergillus japonicus C03 using agro-industrial residues with potential application as additives in animal feed. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 34:347-55. [PMID: 21046416 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation obtained from different and low-cost carbon sources was evaluated to endocellulases and endoxylanases production by Aspergillus japonicus C03. Regarding the enzymatic production the highest levels were observed at 30 °C, using soy bran added to crushed corncob or wheat bran added to sugarcane bagasse, humidified with salt solutions, and incubated for 3 days (xylanase) or 6 days (cellulase) with 70% relative humidity. Peptone improved the xylanase and cellulase activities in 12 and 29%, respectively. The optimum temperature corresponded to 60 °C and 50-55 °C for xylanase and cellulase, respectively, both having 4.0 as optimum pH. Xylanase was fully stable up to 40 °C, which is close to the rumen temperature. The enzymes were stable in pH 4.0-7.0. Cu++ and Mn++ increased xylanase and cellulase activities by 10 and 64%, respectively. A. japonicus C03 xylanase was greatly stable in goat rumen fluid for 4 h during in vivo and in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Dell Antonio Facchini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Sharma M, Chadha BS, Saini HS. Purification and characterization of two thermostable xylanases from Malbranchea flava active under alkaline conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:8834-8842. [PMID: 20630749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two xylanases, MFX I and MFX II, from the thermophilic fungus Malbranchea flava MTCC 4889 with molecular masses of 25.2 and 30kDa and pIs of 4.5 and 3.7, respectively were purified to homogeneity. The xylanases were optimally active at pH 9.0 and at 60 degrees C, exhibited a half-life of 4h at 60 degrees C, and showed distinct mode of action and product profiles when applied to birchwood, oat spelt, and larchwood xylan, and to wheat and rye arabinoxylan. The xylanases were most active on larchwood xylan with K(m) values of 1.25 and 3.7mg/ml. K(cat)/K(m) values suggested that the xylanases preferentially hydrolyzed rye arabinoxylan. LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) analysis of tryptic digests of MFX I and MFX II revealed similarity with known fungal xylanases and suggests that that they belonged to the GH 11 and 10 glycosyl hydrolase super families, respectively. These xylanases can potentially be used in enzyme-assisted bleaching of the pulp derived from agro-residues, as well as production of xylooligosaccharides for pre-biotic functional food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Inverting character of family GH115 α-glucuronidases. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4063-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Valenzuela SV, Díaz P, Javier Pastor FI. Recombinant expression of an alkali stable GH10 xylanase from Paenibacillus barcinonensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4814-4818. [PMID: 20218604 DOI: 10.1021/jf9045792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Xylanase A from Paenibacillus barcinonensis, a new species isolated from a rice field, has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified recombinant xylanase showed high activity on xylans from hardwoods and cereals, and exhibited K(m) and V(max) of 2.93 mg/mL and 50.67 U/mg on birchwood xylan. Xylanase A was highly active at 60 degrees C in alkaline pH values up to 9.5 and remained stable for at least 3 h in alkaline conditions. The amino acid sequence deduced from xynA revealed that it is a single domain xylanase belonging to the GH10 family. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the enzyme released a mixture of hydrolysis products including substituted xylooligomers from cereal arabinoxylans, while xylose, xylobiose, and aldotetraouronic acid were the main products released from glucuronoxylan from birchwood. The enzyme released a complex mixture of xylooligomers for acetylated xylan from eucalyptus, revealing its potential to depolymerize this widely used resource in the pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana V Valenzuela
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Lee JW, Park JY, Kwon M, Choi IG. Purification and characterization of a thermostable xylanase from the brown-rot fungus Laetiporus sulphureus. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:33-7. [PMID: 19147106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A thermostable extracellular xylanase was purified and characterized from brown-rot basidiomycete Laetiporus sulphureus, cultivated on biologically pretreated Pinus densiflora biomass. After three consecutive purification steps using DEAE, Mono Q, and Superdex 75 columns, the xylanase specific activity was found to be 72.4 U/mg, nine fold higher than that of the crude culture solution, purity was 96%, and the molecular mass determined to be 69.3 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature for xylanase activity were 3.0 and 80 degrees C, respectively. Although activity of xylanase was highest at 80 degrees C, it showed highest thermostability at 60 degrees C, retaining approximately 97% of its relative activity following incubation for 4 h. In the presence of 5 mM solution of CaCl2, the relative xylanase activity increased by 35.9%; however, it decreased significantly in the presence of 10 mM solution of Cu2+. Among the xylan-based substrates tested, purified L. sulphureus xylanase showed the highest activity on beechwood xylan. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) experiments revealed that purified L. sulphureus xylanase is an endoxylanase that hydrolyzes xylotriose, xylotetraose, and xylopentaose but not xylobiose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
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Shah S, Gupta MN. Simultaneous refolding, purification and immobilization of xylanase with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:363-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Purification and biochemical characterization of two xylanases from Aspergillus sydowii SBS 45. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 149:229-43. [PMID: 18500584 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-8108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two xylanases were isolated and purified from crude culture filtrate of Aspergillus sydowii SBS 45 after 9 days of growth on wheat bran containing 0.5% (w/v) birch wood xylan as the carbon source under solid-state fermentation. After a three-step purification scheme involving ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-200), and anion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sephadex A-50), xylanase I was purified 93.41 times, and xylanase II was purified 77.40 times with yields of 4.49 and 10.46, respectively. Molecular weights of xylanase I and II were 20.1 and 43 kDa, respectively, in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Optimum temperature was 50 degrees C, and optimum pH was 10.0 for both xylanase I and II. The Km value of xylanase I for birch wood xylan was 3.18 mg ml(-1) and for oat spelt xylan 6.45 mg ml(-1), while the Km value of xylanase II for birch wood xylan was 6.51 mg ml(-1) and for oat spelt xylan 7.69 mg ml(-1). Metal ions like Al3+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Na+, and Zn2+ enhanced the activity of xylanase I and II at 10 mM concentration. Among the additives, L-tryptophan enhanced the activity of xylanase I and II at 10-, 20-, and 30-mM concentrations. Both xylanases appeared to be glycoproteins.
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Badhan AK, Chadha BS, Kaur J, Sonia KG, Saini HS, Bhat MK. Role of Transglycosylation Products in the Expression of Multiple Xylanases in Myceliophthora sp. IMI 387099. Curr Microbiol 2007; 54:405-9. [PMID: 17503151 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the regulation of multiple xylanases produced by Myceliophthora sp. IMI 387099. Fructose was found to positively regulate the expression of multiple xylanase when used as sole carbon source. The xylanases (EX(1 )and EX(2)) of acidic pI were expressed in the presence of simple sugars (glucose, arabinose, and xylose), whereas xylanase of both acidic as well as basic pI (EX(1,) EX(2,) EX(3), and EX(5)) were expressed in the presence of fructose, xylan, and combination of xylan and alcohol. The combination of fructose and xylan also led to expression of an additional xylanase (EX(4)). The positional isomer (iso-X4) was found to be the key transglycosylation product when cultures were grown in the presence of fructose and xylan. In the presence of alcohols, the higher expression of xylanase was ascribed to the synergistic effect of alkyl glycoside and other transglycosylation products present in the culture extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Badhan
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
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Santiago-Hernández A, Vega-Estrada J, del Carmen Montes-Horcasitas M, Hidalgo-Lara ME. Purification and characterization of two sugarcane bagasse-absorbable thermophilic xylanases from the mesophilic Cellulomonas flavigena. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 34:331-8. [PMID: 17219190 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the purification and characterization of two thermophilic xylanases from the mesophilic bacteria Cellulomonas flavigena grown on sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as the only carbon source. Extracellular xylanase activity produced by C. flavigena was found both free in the culture supernatant and associated with residual SCB. To identify some of the molecules responsible for the xylanase activity in the substrate-bound fraction, residual SCB was treated with 3 M guanidine hydrochloride and then with 6 M urea. Further analysis of the eluted material led to the identification of two xylanases Xyl36 (36 kDa) and Xyl53 (53 kDa). The pI for Xyl36 was 5.0, while the pI for Xyl53 was 4.5. Xyl36 had a Km value of 1.95 mg/ml, while Xyl53 had a Km value of 0.78 mg/ml. In addition to SCB, Xyl36 and Xyl53 were also able to bind to insoluble oat spelt xylan and Avicel, as shown by substrate-binding assays. Xyl36 and Xyl53 showed optimal activity at pH 6.5, and at optimal temperature 65 and 55 degrees C, respectively. Xyl36 and Xyl53 retained 24 and 35%, respectively, of their original activity after 8 h of incubation at their optimal temperature. As far as we know, this is the first study on the thermostability properties of purified xylanases from microorganisms belonging to the genus Cellulomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Santiago-Hernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, Mexico D. F., CP 07360, Mexico
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Leathers TD, Nunnally MS, Price NP. Co-production of schizophyllan and arabinoxylan from corn fiber. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:623-6. [PMID: 16642298 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophyllum commune strain ATCC 38548 grew well on a medium containing alkaline H2O2 -pretreated corn fiber as a sole carbon source, and clarified the culture medium within 7 days. The strain preferentially utilized the starch component of corn fiber for growth and production of schizophyllan. Culture supernatants contained approx. 50 mg schizophyllan and 200 mg arabinoxylan per g corn fiber. These polysaccharides were recovered separately by differential precipitation with ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Leathers
- Bioproducts and Biocatalysis Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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Kolenová K, Vrsanská M, Biely P. Mode of action of endo-β-1,4-xylanases of families 10 and 11 on acidic xylooligosaccharides. J Biotechnol 2006; 121:338-45. [PMID: 16157409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mode of action of endo-beta-1,4-xylanases (EXs) of glycoside hydrolase families 10 (GH-10) and 11 (GH-11) was examined on various acidic xylooligosaccharides. As expected, none of the enzymes of GH-10 cleaved aldotetraouronic acid (MeGlcA3Xyl3), which is the shortest acidic product of the action of these EXs on glucuronoxylan. Surprisingly, aldopentaouronic acid (MeGlcA3Xyl4) was also not attacked. Only aldohexaouronic acid (MeGlcA3Xyl5) served as a substrate and was cleaved to xylobiose and aldotetraouronic acid. These results suggested that binding of xylopyranosyl residue in the -2 subsite is prerequisite for cleavage of the linkage adjacent to the xylopyranosyl unit carrying MeGlcA. EXs of family GH-11 cleaved neither aldotetraouronic acid, nor aldopentaouronic acid, which is in agreement with their action on glucuronoxylan. Aldohexaouronic acid was cleaved to aldopentaouronic acid and xylobiose without any production of xylose, suggesting that a xylosyl transfer reaction is involved in the degradation of the substrate by EXs of GH-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kolenová
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Milagres AMF, Magalhães PO, Ferraz A. Purification and properties of a xylanase from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora cultivated on Pinus taeda. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 253:267-72. [PMID: 16243455 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of hemicellulose and cellulose degrading enzymes by the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora was determined while growing in Pinus taeda wood chips. Enzymes produced by the fungus were extracted after 30 days of cultivation and at least two different xylanases were secreted. An endo-(1,4)-beta-xylanase was purified by means of ultrafiltration, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Its molecular mass was 29 kDa and the pH and temperature optima were 5.0 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The endo-xylanase was able to hydrolyze xylan to principally xylotriose and xylotetraose and it has different activities against different xylans. With birchwood xylan as substrate, the enzyme showed a K(m) of 1.93 mg/ml and specific activity of 538 units/mg protein at 50 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M F Milagres
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Engenharia Química de Lorena-Faenquil, Lorena-SP, CP 116 CEP 12 600 970, Brazil.
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