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Sidar A, Voshol GP, Vijgenboom E, Punt PJ. Novel Design of an α-Amylase with an N-Terminal CBM20 in Aspergillus niger Improves Binding and Processing of a Broad Range of Starches. Molecules 2023; 28:5033. [PMID: 37446690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the starch processing industry including the food and pharmaceutical industries, α-amylase is an important enzyme that hydrolyses the α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch, producing shorter maltooligosaccharides. In plants, starch molecules are organised in granules that are very compact and rigid. The level of starch granule rigidity affects resistance towards enzymatic hydrolysis, resulting in inefficient starch degradation by industrially available α-amylases. In an approach to enhance starch hydrolysis, the domain architecture of a Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) family 13 α-amylase from Aspergillus niger was engineered. In all fungal GH13 α-amylases that carry a carbohydrate binding domain (CBM), these modules are of the CBM20 family and are located at the C-terminus of the α-amylase domain. To explore the role of the domain order, a new GH13 gene encoding an N-terminal CBM20 domain was designed and found to be fully functional. The starch binding capacity and enzymatic activity of N-terminal CBM20 α-amylase was found to be superior to that of native GH13 without CBM20. Based on the kinetic parameters, the engineered N-terminal CBM20 variant displayed surpassing activity rates compared to the C-terminal CBM20 version for the degradation on a wide range of starches, including the more resistant raw potato starch for which it exhibits a two-fold higher Vmax underscoring the potential of domain engineering for these carbohydrate active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andika Sidar
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Gerben P Voshol
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- GenomeScan, 2333 BZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Vijgenboom
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Punt
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ginkgo Bioworks, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
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2
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Production and characterization of psychrophilic α-amylase from a psychrophilic bacterium, Shewanella sp. ISTPL2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/amylase-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA psychrophilic and halophilic bacterial isolate, Shewanella sp. ISTPL2, procured from the pristine Pangong Lake, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India, was used for the production and characterization of the psychrophilic and alkalophilic α-amylase enzyme. The α-amylase is a critical enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch molecules and is predominately utilized in biotechnological applications. The highest enzyme activity of partially purified extracellular α-amylase was 10,064.20 U/mL after 12 h of incubation in a shake flask at pH 6.9 and 10 °C. Moreover, the maximum intracellular α-amylase enzyme activity (259.62 U/mL) was also observed at 6 h of incubation. The extracellular α-amylase was refined to the homogeneity with the specific enzyme activity of 36,690.47 U/mg protein corresponding to 6.87-fold purification. The optimized pH and temperature for the α-amylase were found to be pH 8 and 4 °C, respectively, suggesting its stability at alkaline conditions and low or higher temperatures. The amylase activity was highly activated by Cu2+, Fe2+ and Ca2+, while inhibited by Cd2+, Co2+ and Na2+. As per our knowledge, the current study reports the highest activity of a psychrophilic α-amylase enzyme providing prominent biotechnological potential.
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Penaloza-Vazquez A, Ma LM, Rayas-Duarte P. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus spp. strains as potential probiotics for poultry. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:762-774. [PMID: 31393167 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics have become one of the potential solutions to global restriction on antibiotic use in food animal production. Bacillus species have been attractive probiotics partially due to their long-term stability during storage. In this study, 200 endospore-forming bacteria isolates were recovered from sourdough and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of young broiler chicks. Based on the production of a series of exoenzymes and survivability under stress conditions similar to those in the poultry GIT, 42 isolates were selected and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Seven strains with a profile of high enzymatic activities were further evaluated for sporulation efficiency, biofilm formation, compatibility among themselves (Bacillus spp.), and antagonistic effects against three bacteria pathogenic to poultry and humans: Enterococcus cecorum, Salmonella enterica, and Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli. The strains from sourdough were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens whereas the ones from the chicks' GIT were Bacillus subtilis. These strains demonstrated remarkable potential as probiotics for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Maria Ma
- National Institute for Microbial Forensics & Food and Agricultural Biosecurity, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Patricia Rayas-Duarte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.,Robert M. Kerr Food & Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Dutta N, Biswas S, Saha MK. Nano-magnesium aided activity enhancement and biophysical characterization of a psychrophilic α-amylase immobilized on graphene oxide nanosupport. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Soto-Padilla MY, Gortáres-Moroyoqui P, Cira-Chávez LA, Levasseur A, Dendooven L, Estrada-Alvarado MI. Characterization of extracellular amylase produced by haloalkalophilic strain Kocuria sp. HJ014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:396-404. [PMID: 26813880 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2015.1135310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The haloalkaliphilic bacterium Kocuria sp. (HJ014) has the ability to produce extracellular amylase. The aim of this study was to purify and characterize this protein. The amylase enzyme with a specific activity of 753,502 U/mg was purified 5.7- fold using Sepharose 4B and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration columns. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 45,000 Da as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The amylase showed maximum activity at pH 9 and 50°C in the presence of 3.5 M NaCl. The Km was 3.0 mg/ml and Vmax 90.09 U/ml. It was found that extracellular amylase from Kocuria sp. has a high industrial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Y Soto-Padilla
- a Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología , Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez , Chihuahua , Mexico
- b Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias , Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora , Obregón , Mexico
| | | | - Luis A Cira-Chávez
- b Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias , Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora , Obregón , Mexico
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- c Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux , INRA , Marseille , France
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Li T, Deng X, Wang J, Chen Y, He L, Sun Y, Song C, Zhou Z. Biodegradation of nitrobenzene in a lysogeny broth medium by a novel halophilic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:384-389. [PMID: 25440194 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillus licheniformis strain YX2, a novel nitrobenzene-degrading halophilic bacterium, was isolated from active sludge obtained from a pesticide factory. Strain YX2 can withstand highly acidic and alkaline conditions and high temperatures. Degradation of nitrobenzene (200mgL(-1)) by YX2 exceeded 70% after 72h in lysogeny broth medium (pH 4-9). Under optimal degradation conditions (33°C, pH 7 in LB medium) YX2 degraded 50, 100, 200, and 600mgL(-1) nitrobenzene within 36, 36, 72, and 156h, respectively. Even in the presence of benzene, phenol or aniline, strain YX2 efficiently degraded nitrobenzene. Furthermore, strain YX2 completely degraded 600mgL(-1) nitrobenzene in 7% NaCl (w/w). Thus, our data show that strain YX2 may have promise for removing nitrobenzene from complex wastewaters with high salinity and variable pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Xinping Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Yucheng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Lin He
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yuchuan Sun
- School of Geography Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Caixia Song
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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Optimization of Amylase Production from B. amyloliquefaciens (MTCC 1270) Using Solid State Fermentation. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:764046. [PMID: 24949017 PMCID: PMC4037619 DOI: 10.1155/2014/764046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for microbial amylase production persists because of its immense importance in wide spectrum industries. The present work has been initiated with a goal of optimization of solid state fermentation condition for amylase using agroindustrial waste and microbial strain like B. amyloliquefaciens (MTCC 1270). In an aim to improve the productivity of amylase, fermentation has been carried out in the presence of calcium (Ca(+2)), Nitrate (NO3 (-)), and chloride ions (Cl(-)) as well as in the presence of D-inositol and mannitol. Amylase needs calcium ion for the preservation of its structure, activity and stability that proves beneficial also for amylase production using solid state fermentation. The inclusion of ions and sugars in the SSF media is promising which can be explained by the protection offered by them against thermal decay of amylase at various incubation periods at 37°C.
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Abraham A, Narayanan SP, Philip S, Nair DG, Kochupurackal J. Molecular modelling and docking studies of an α-1,4-amylase from endophyticBacillus amyloliquefaciens. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2013.852993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Biochemical characterization of an extracellular polyextremophilic α-amylase from the halophilic archaeon Halorubrum xinjiangense. Extremophiles 2013; 17:677-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Deb P, Talukdar SA, Mohsina K, Sarker PK, Sayem SA. Production and partial characterization of extracellular amylase enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens P-001. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:154. [PMID: 23626928 PMCID: PMC3631119 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Amylases are one of the most important enzymes in present-day biotechnology. The present study was concerned with the production and partial characterization of extracellular amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens P-001. The effect of various fermentation conditions on amylase production through shake-flask culture was investigated. Enzyme production was induced by a variety of starchy substrate but corn flour was found to be a suitable natural source for maximum production. Tryptone and ammonium nitrate (0.2%) as nitrogen sources gave higher yield compared to other nitrogen sources. Maximum enzyme production was obtained after 48 hrs of incubation in a fermentation medium with initial pH 9.0 at 42°C under continuous agitation at 150 rpm. The size of inoculum was also optimized which was found to be 1% (v/v). Enzyme production was 2.43 times higher after optimizing the production conditions as compared to the basal media. Studies on crude amylase revealed that optimum pH, temperature and reaction time of enzyme activity was 6.5, 60°C and 40 minutes respectively. About 73% of the activity retained after heating the crude enzyme solution at 50°C for 30 min. The enzyme was activated by Ca2+ (relative activity 146.25%). It was strongly inhibited by Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+, but less affected by Mg2+ and Fe2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promita Deb
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Singh R, Kapoor V, Kumar V. Influence of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on the α-amylase Production by a Newly Isolated Thermophilic Streptomyces sp. MSC702 (MTCC 10772). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbkr.2011.540.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Uygun DA, Öztürk N, Akgöl S, Denizli A. Novel magnetic nanoparticles for the hydrolysis of starch with Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Kuddus M, . R, Arif JM, Ramteke PW. An Overview of Cold-active Microbial α-amylase: Adaptation Strategies and Biotechnological Potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2011.246.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kubrak OI, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Production and properties of α-amylase fromBacillussp. BKL20. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:279-88. [DOI: 10.1139/w10-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a result of screening Bacillus sp. strains isolated from different natural substrates, strain BKL20 was identified as a producer of a thermostable alkaline α-amylase. Maximum production of this α-amylase was achieved by optimizing culture conditions. Production of α-amylase seemed to be independent of the presence of starch in the culture medium and was stimulated by the presence of peptone (0.3%, m/v) and yeast extract (0.2%, m/v). The enzyme was thermostable and retained amylolytic activity after 30 min of incubation at 60 and 70 °C. High activity was maintained over a broad pH range, from 6.0 to 11.0, and the enzyme remained active after alkaline incubation for 24 h. Bacillus sp. BKL20 α-amylase was not stimulated by Ca2+or other bivalent metal cations and was not inhibited by EGTA or EDTA at 1–10 mmol/L, suggesting that this α-amylase is a Ca2+-independent enzyme. It also showed good resistance to both oxidizing (H2O2) and denaturating (urea) agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha I. Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Janet M. Storey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Azad MAK, Bae JH, Kim JS, Lim JK, Song KS, Shin BS, Kim HR. Isolation and characterization of a novel thermostable α-amylase from Korean pine seeds. N Biotechnol 2009; 26:143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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