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Alviz-Gazitua P, González A, Lee MR, Aranda CP. Molecular Relationships in Biofilm Formation and the Biosynthesis of Exoproducts in Pseudoalteromonas spp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:431-447. [PMID: 35486299 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most members of the Pseudoalteromonas genus have been isolated from living surfaces as members of epiphytic and epizooic microbiomes on marine macroorganisms. Commonly Pseudoalteromonas isolates are reported as a source of bioactive exoproducts, i.e., secondary metabolites, such as exopolymeric substances and extracellular enzymes. The experimental conditions for the production of these agents are commonly associated with sessile metabolic states such as biofilms or liquid cultures in the stationary growth phase. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms that connect biofilm formation and the biosynthesis of exoproducts in Pseudoalteromonas isolates have rarely been mentioned in the literature. This review compiles empirical evidence about exoproduct biosynthesis conditions and molecular mechanisms that regulate sessile metabolic states in Pseudoalteromonas species, to provide a comprehensive perspective on the regulatory convergences that generate the recurrent coexistence of both phenomena in this bacterial genus. This synthesis aims to provide perspectives on the extent of this phenomenon for the optimization of bioprospection studies and biotechnology processes based on these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alviz-Gazitua
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avda. Fuchslocher 1305, P. Box 5290000, Osorno, Chile
| | - A González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avda. Fuchslocher 1305, P. Box 5290000, Osorno, Chile
| | - M R Lee
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino a Chinquihue km 6, P. Box 5480000, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - C P Aranda
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avda. Fuchslocher 1305, P. Box 5290000, Osorno, Chile.
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2
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Modolon F, Barno AR, Villela HDM, Peixoto RS. Ecological and biotechnological importance of secondary metabolites produced by coral-associated bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1441-1457. [PMID: 32627318 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships between corals and their associated micro-organisms are essential to maintain host homeostasis. Coral-associated bacteria (CAB) can have different beneficial roles in the coral metaorganism, such as metabolizing essential nutrients for the coral host and protecting the coral from pathogens. Many CAB exert these functions via secondary metabolites, which include antibacterial, antifouling, antitumour, antiparasitic and antiviral compounds. This review describes how analysis of CAB has led to the discovery of secondary metabolites with potential biotechnological applications. The most commonly found types of secondary metabolites, antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds, are emphasized and described. Recently developed methods that can be applied to enhance the culturing of CAB from shallow-water reefs and the less-studied deep-sea coral reefs are also discussed. Last, we suggest how the combined use of meta-omics and innovative growth-diffusion techniques can vastly improve the discovery of novel compounds in coral environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Modolon
- Department of Microbiology, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A R Barno
- Department of Microbiology, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - H D M Villela
- Department of Microbiology, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R S Peixoto
- Department of Microbiology, Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,IMAM-AquaRio - Rio de Janeiro Aquarium Research Center, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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3
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Rimoldi S, Gini E, Koch JFA, Iannini F, Brambilla F, Terova G. Effects of hydrolyzed fish protein and autolyzed yeast as substitutes of fishmeal in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) diet, on fish intestinal microbiome. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:118. [PMID: 32321508 PMCID: PMC7178574 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the effects of partial substitution of dietary fishmeal (FM) with either fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) or autolysed dried yeast (HiCell®, Biorigin, Brazil) on intestinal microbiota of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). A total number of 720 fish of 122.18 ± 6.22 g were fed for 92 days with three different diets in triplicate (3 tanks/diet). A diet based on FM/vegetable meal was used as control. The other two diets were formulated by replacing FM with 5% of either FPH or HiCell®. To analyze the gut microbiota associated to autochthonous and allochthonous microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and QIIME pipeline were used. Results A total number of 102 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) at 97% identity were identified in fish gut samples collected at the end of feeding trial. Fourteen OTUs constituted the core gut microbiota, i.e. those OTUs found in at least nine out of fifteen samples per group and shared regardless of the diet. Eight OTUs were assigned to Firmicutes represented by Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, and Bacillus genera, and six to Proteobacteria phylum. Dietary dried yeast autolysate modulated the intestinal microbiota by promoting the growth of some beneficial bacteria. At order level, fish fed yeast showed an enrichment in Bacillales and Clostridiales as compared to the control group, whereas fish fed FPH showed a significantly lower amount of bacteria belonging to Alteromonadales and Enterobacteriales than the other two feeding groups. Although we did not observe any effect of 5% FM replacement with alternative nitrogen sources at phylum level, at lower taxonomical levels, the composition of gut microbiota, in terms of relative abundance of specific taxa, was significantly influenced by the dietary treatment. Conclusions The metabarcoding analysis revealed a clearly intestinal microbiota modulation in response to dietary autolyzed yeast. The abundance of some beneficial bacteria, i.e. indigestible carbohydrate degrading- and SCFA producing bacteria, was positively affected. Brewer’s yeast autolysate could be a valid alternative protein source to FM as well as a valid functional ingredient for aquafeed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - E Gini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - J F A Koch
- Biorigin Brazil. Rua XV de Novembro, 865, Lençóis Paulista, São Paulo, 18680-900, Brazil
| | - F Iannini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - F Brambilla
- VRM srl Naturalleva, Via Sommacampagna, 63/D, 37137, Verona, Italy
| | - G Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
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Sorieul L, Rückert C, Al-Dilaimi A, Winkler A, Kalinowski J, Pham D, Wabete N, Boulo V. Whole-Genome Sequence of Pseudoalteromonas sp. NC201, a Probiotic Strain for Litopenaeus stylirostris Hatcheries in New Caledonia. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e00477-19. [PMID: 31439706 PMCID: PMC6706680 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00477-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain NC201 has shown probiotic potential in Litopenaeus stylirostris rearing. In this study, the complete genome of NC201 was sequenced. This genome consists of a chromosome (4.13 Mb) and a chromid (1.24 Mb). The genome contains gene clusters coding for antibacterial peptides and secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Sorieul
- Ifremer, UR Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable, Noumea, New Caledonia, France
- Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia, France
| | - Christian Rückert
- Centrum for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Arwa Al-Dilaimi
- Centrum for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Centrum for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Centrum for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dominique Pham
- Ifremer, UR Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable, Noumea, New Caledonia, France
| | - Nelly Wabete
- Ifremer, UR Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable, Noumea, New Caledonia, France
| | - Viviane Boulo
- Ifremer, UR Lagons, Ecosystèmes et Aquaculture Durable, Noumea, New Caledonia, France
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The Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea L-amino Acid Oxidase with Antimicrobial Activity Is a Flavoenzyme. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120499. [PMID: 30545033 PMCID: PMC6316408 DOI: 10.3390/md16120499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is a rich source of antimicrobial compounds with promising pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. The Pseudoalteromonas genus harbors one of the highest proportions of bacterial species producing antimicrobial molecules. For decades, the presence of proteins with L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) and antimicrobial activity in Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea has been known. Here, we present for the first time the identification, cloning, characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Pl-LAAO, the enzyme responsible for both LAAO and antimicrobial activity in P. luteoviolacea strain CPMOR-2. Pl-LAAO is a flavoprotein of a broad substrate range, in which the hydrogen peroxide generated in the LAAO reaction is responsible for the antimicrobial activity. So far, no protein with a sequence similarity to Pl-LAAO has been cloned or characterized, with this being the first report on a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing LAAO with antimicrobial activity from a marine microorganism. Our results revealed that 20.4% of the sequenced Pseudoalteromonas strains (specifically, 66.6% of P. luteoviolacea strains) contain Pl-laao similar genes, which constitutes a well-defined phylogenetic group. In summary, this work provides insights into the biological significance of antimicrobial LAAOs in the Pseudoalteromonas genus and shows an effective approach for the detection of novel LAAOs, whose study may be useful for biotechnological applications.
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Yu Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Yin J, Qiu J. Reactive oxygen species-scavenging system is involved in l-amino acid oxidase accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas sp. B3. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:326. [PMID: 28955623 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the mechanisms underlying the flavoprotein l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) accumulation in cells remain unclear. In this study, using LAAO-producer Pseudoalteromonas spp. as model organisms, we found that the cell biomass is negatively associated with LAAO accumulation, whereas the LAAO accumulation is positively associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capability. The expression levels of ROS-scavenging-associated genes were up-regulated with LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas cells, which is presumably due to the requirement for the removal of LAAO-induced ROS. Exogenous H2O2 exposure experiment supported that the ROS-scavenging system is associated with LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas. All these observations indicate that ROS-scavenging capacity determines LAAO accumulation in bacterial cells. Our results shed a light on understanding the mechanism underlying controlling and adapting to LAAO accumulation in Pseudoalteromonas. Besides, our findings are critical to the improvement of heterologous expression of active LAAO in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Yangsheng Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
| | - Juanping Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 China
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Habbu P, Warad V, Shastri R, Madagundi S, Kulkarni VH. Antimicrobial metabolites from marine microorganisms. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:101-116. [PMID: 26968676 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)60003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecological niches have recently been described as "particularly promising" sources for search of new antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. Marine organisms are excellent sources for many industrial products, but they are partly explored. Over 30 000 compounds have been isolated from marine sources. Bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria obtained from various marine sources secret several industrially useful bioactive compounds, possessing antibacterial, antifungal, and antimycobacterial activities. Sustainable cultivation methods for promising marine organisms and biotechnological processes for selected compounds can be developed, along with the establishment of biosensors for monitoring the target compounds. The semisynthetic modifications of marine-based bioactive compounds produce their new derivatives, structural analogs and mimetics that could serve as novel lead compounds against resistant pathogens. The present review focuses on promising antimicrobial compounds isolated from marine microbes from 1991-2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Habbu
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vijayanand Warad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Sridevi College of Pharmacy, Mangalore 575006, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Shastri
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Smita Madagundi
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatrao H Kulkarni
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
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8
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Offret C, Desriac F, Le Chevalier P, Mounier J, Jégou C, Fleury Y. Spotlight on Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Marine Bacteria Pseudoalteromonas: Chemodiversity and Ecological Significance. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E129. [PMID: 27399731 PMCID: PMC4962019 DOI: 10.3390/md14070129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the antimicrobial metabolite-producing Pseudoalteromonas strains. The genus Pseudoalteromonas hosts 41 species, among which 16 are antimicrobial metabolite producers. To date, a total of 69 antimicrobial compounds belonging to 18 different families have been documented. They are classified into alkaloids, polyketides, and peptides. Finally as Pseudoalteromonas strains are frequently associated with macroorganisms, we can discuss the ecological significance of antimicrobial Pseudoalteromonas as part of the resident microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Offret
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Florie Desriac
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Patrick Le Chevalier
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Jérôme Mounier
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Camille Jégou
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Yannick Fleury
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbienne LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Campillo-Brocal JC, Lucas-Elío P, Sanchez-Amat A. Distribution in Different Organisms of Amino Acid Oxidases with FAD or a Quinone As Cofactor and Their Role as Antimicrobial Proteins in Marine Bacteria. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:7403-18. [PMID: 26694422 PMCID: PMC4699246 DOI: 10.3390/md13127073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid oxidases (AAOs) catalyze the oxidative deamination of amino acids releasing ammonium and hydrogen peroxide. Several kinds of these enzymes have been reported. Depending on the amino acid isomer used as a substrate, it is possible to differentiate between l-amino acid oxidases and d-amino acid oxidases. Both use FAD as cofactor and oxidize the amino acid in the alpha position releasing the corresponding keto acid. Recently, a novel class of AAOs has been described that does not contain FAD as cofactor, but a quinone generated by post-translational modification of residues in the same protein. These proteins are named as LodA-like proteins, after the first member of this group described, LodA, a lysine epsilon oxidase synthesized by the marine bacterium Marinomonas mediterranea. In this review, a phylogenetic analysis of all the enzymes described with AAO activity has been performed. It is shown that it is possible to recognize different groups of these enzymes and those containing the quinone cofactor are clearly differentiated. In marine bacteria, particularly in the genus Pseudoalteromonas, most of the proteins described as antimicrobial because of their capacity to generate hydrogen peroxide belong to the group of LodA-like proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan C Campillo-Brocal
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Patricia Lucas-Elío
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Antonio Sanchez-Amat
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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Yu Z, Wang J, Lin J, Zhao M, Qiu J. Exploring regulation genes involved in the expression of L-amino acid oxidase in Pseudoalteromonas sp. Rf-1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122741. [PMID: 25815733 PMCID: PMC4376890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is believed to play important biological and ecological roles in marine niches, thus attracting increasing attention to understand the regulation mechanisms underlying its production. In this study, we investigated genes involved in LAAO production in marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. Rf-1 using transposon mutagenesis. Of more than 4,000 mutants screened, 15 mutants showed significant changes in LAAO activity. Desired transposon insertion was confirmed in 12 mutants, in which disrupted genes and corresponding functionswere identified. Analysis of LAAO activity and lao gene expression revealed that GntR family transcriptional regulator, methylase, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, TonB-dependent heme-receptor family, Na+/H+ antiporter and related arsenite permease, N-acetyltransferase GCN5, Ketol-acid reductoisomerase and SAM-dependent methytransferase, and their coding genes may be involved in either upregulation or downregulation pathway at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational and/or posttranslational level. The nhaD and sdmT genes were separately complemented into the corresponding mutants with abolished LAAO-activity. The complementation of either gene can restore LAAO activity and lao gene expression, demonstrating their regulatory role in LAAO biosynthesis. This study provides, for the first time, insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating LAAO production in Pseudoalteromonas sp. Rf-1, which is important to better understand biological and ecological roles of LAAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (JQ)
| | - Ju Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianxun Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10027, United States of America
| | - Minyan Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Juanping Qiu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (JQ)
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Campillo-Brocal JC, Chacón-Verdú MD, Lucas-Elío P, Sánchez-Amat A. Distribution in microbial genomes of genes similar to lodA and goxA which encode a novel family of quinoproteins with amino acid oxidase activity. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:231. [PMID: 25886995 PMCID: PMC4417212 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-Amino acid oxidases (LAOs) have been generally described as flavoproteins that oxidize amino acids releasing the corresponding ketoacid, ammonium and hydrogen peroxide. The generation of hydrogen peroxide gives to these enzymes antimicrobial characteristics. They are involved in processes such as biofilm development and microbial competition. LAOs are of great biotechnological interest in different applications such as the design of biosensors, biotransformations and biomedicine. The marine bacterium Marinomonas mediterranea synthesizes LodA, the first known LAO that contains a quinone cofactor. LodA is encoded in an operon that contains a second gene coding for LodB, a protein required for the post-translational modification generating the cofactor. Recently, GoxA, a quinoprotein with sequence similarity to LodA but with a different enzymatic activity (glycine oxidase instead of lysine-ε-oxidase) has been described. The aim of this work has been to study the distribution of genes similar to lodA and/or goxA in sequenced microbial genomes and to get insight into the evolution of this novel family of proteins through phylogenetic analysis. Results Genes encoding LodA-like proteins have been detected in several bacterial classes. However, they are absent in Archaea and detected only in a small group of fungi of the class Agaromycetes. The vast majority of the genes detected are in a genome region with a nearby lodB-like gene suggesting a specific interaction between both partner proteins. Sequence alignment of the LodA-like proteins allowed the detection of several conserved residues. All of them showed a Cys and a Trp that aligned with the residues that are forming part of the cysteine tryptophilquinone (CTQ) cofactor in LodA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LodA-like proteins can be clustered in different groups. Interestingly, LodA and GoxA are in different groups, indicating that those groups are related to the enzymatic activity of the proteins detected. Conclusions Genome mining has revealed for the first time the broad distribution of LodA-like proteins containing a CTQ cofactor in many different microbial groups. This study provides a platform to explore the potentially novel enzymatic activities of the proteins detected, the mechanisms of post-translational modifications involved in their synthesis, as well as their biological relevance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1455-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan C Campillo-Brocal
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Chacón-Verdú
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Patricia Lucas-Elío
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Amat
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
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12
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Advances in Detection Methods of l-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:13-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pollegioni L, Motta P, Molla G. L-amino acid oxidase as biocatalyst: a dream too far? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 97:9323-41. [PMID: 24077723 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is a flavoenzyme containing non-covalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide, which catalyzes the stereospecific oxidative deamination of l-amino acids to α-keto acids and also produces ammonia and hydrogen peroxide via an imino acid intermediate. LAAOs purified from snake venoms are the best-studied members of this family of enzymes, although a number of LAAOs from bacterial and fungal sources have been also reported. From a biochemical point of view, LAAOs from different sources are distinguished by molecular mass, substrate specificity, post-translational modifications and regulation. In analogy to the well-known biotechnological applications of d-amino acid oxidase, important results are expected from the availability of suitable LAAOs; however, these expectations have not been fulfilled yet because none of the "true" LAAOs has successfully been expressed as a recombinant protein in prokaryotic hosts, such as Escherichia coli. In enzyme biotechnology, recombinant production of a protein is mandatory both for the production of large amounts of the catalyst and to improve its biochemical properties by protein engineering. As an alternative, flavoenzymes active on specific l-amino acids have been identified, e.g., l-aspartate oxidase, l-lysine oxidase, l-phenylalanine oxidase, etc. According to presently available information, amino acid oxidases with "narrow" or "strict" substrate specificity represent as good candidates to obtain an enzyme more suitable for biotechnological applications by enlarging their substrate specificity by means of protein engineering.
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L-Amino acid oxidases from microbial sources: types, properties, functions, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1507-15. [PMID: 24352734 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
L-Amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), which catalyze the stereospecific oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to α-keto acids and ammonia, are flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing homodimeric proteins. L-Amino acid oxidases are widely distributed in diverse organisms and have a range of properties. Because expressing LAAOs as recombinant proteins in heterologous hosts is difficult, their biotechnological applications have not been thoroughly advanced. LAAOs are thought to contribute to amino acid catabolism, enhance iron acquisition, display antimicrobial activity, and catalyze keto acid production, among other roles. Here, we review the types, properties, structures, biological functions, heterologous expression, and applications of LAAOs obtained from microbial sources. We expect this review to increase interest in LAAO studies.
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Isolation and identification of a new intracellular antimicrobial peptide produced by Paenibacillus alvei AN5. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:1377-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Alkotaini B, Anuar N, Kadhum AAH, Sani AAA. Detection of secreted antimicrobial peptides isolated from cell-free culture supernatant of Paenibacillus alvei AN5. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:571-9. [PMID: 23508455 PMCID: PMC3656248 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An antimicrobial substance produced by the Paenibacillus alvei strain AN5 was detected in fermentation broth. Subsequently, cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) was obtained by medium centrifugation and filtration, and its antimicrobial activity was tested. This showed a broad inhibitory spectrum against both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains. The CFCS was then purified and subjected to SDS-PAGE and infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound. Some de novo sequencing using an automatic Q-TOF premier system determined the amino acid sequence of the purified antimicrobial peptide as Y-S-K-S-L-P-L-S-V-L-N-P (1,316 Da). The novel peptide was designated as peptide AN5-1. Its mode of action was bactericidal, inducing cell lysis in E. coli ATCC 29522 and S. aureus, and non-cell lysis in both S. marcescens and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Peptide AN5-1 displayed stability at a wide range of pH values (2–12) and remained active after exposure to high temperatures (100 °C). It also maintained its antimicrobial activity after incubation with chemicals such as SDS, urea and EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Alkotaini
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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In-gel determination of L-amino acid oxidase activity based on the visualization of Prussian blue-forming reaction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55548. [PMID: 23383337 PMCID: PMC3562322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is attracting increasing attention due to its important functions. Diverse detection methods with their own properties have been developed for characterization of LAAO. In the present study, a simple, rapid, sensitive, cost-effective and reproducible method for quantitative in-gel determination of LAAO activity based on the visualization of Prussian blue-forming reaction is described. Coupled with SDS-PAGE, this Prussian blue agar assay can be directly used to determine the numbers and approximate molecular weights of LAAO in one step, allowing straightforward application for purification and sequence identification of LAAO from diverse samples.
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Yu Z, Qiao H. Advances in non-snake venom L-amino acid oxidase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:1-13. [PMID: 22367642 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidase is widely found in diverse organisms and has different properties. It is thought to contribute to antimicrobial activity, amino acid catabolism, and so forth. The purpose of this communication is to summarize the advances in non-snake venom L-amino acid oxidase, including its enzymatic and structural properties, gene cloning and expression, and biological function. In addition, the mechanism of its biological function as well as its application is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Yu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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Yu M, Wang J, Tang K, Shi X, Wang S, Zhu WM, Zhang XH. Purification and characterization of antibacterial compounds of Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra JG1. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 158:835-842. [PMID: 22194352 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.055970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra JG1 produces a protein PfaP and a range of small-molecule compounds with inhibitory activities against Vibrio anguillarum. The PfaP protein was purified from the extracellular products of JG1 by electroelution, and antibacterial activity was observed by an in-gel antibacterial assay. The complete amino acid sequence (694 aa) of PfaP was determined by de novo peptide sequencing and subsequent alignment with the proteome sequence of strain JG1. The calculated molecular mass of PfaP was 77.0 kDa. PfaP was 58 % identical to l-lysine oxidase AlpP of Pseudoalteromonas tunicata D2, and 54 % identical to the marinocine antimicrobial protein of Marinomonas mediterranea MMB-1. Five small molecules (compounds 1-5) with antibacterial activity, which were identified as p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), trans-cinnamic acid (2), 6-bromoindolyl-3-acetic acid (3), N-hydroxybenzoisoxazolone (4) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (5), were purified by sequential column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 from ethyl acetate extract of strain JG1, and their structures were determined by NMR and MS. Brown compound 3, the only brominated compound, showed antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kaihao Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaochong Shi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shushan Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei-Ming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Chen WM, Sheu FS, Sheu SY. Novel L-amino acid oxidase with algicidal activity against toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa synthesized by a bacterium Aquimarina sp. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:372-9. [PMID: 22112563 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A brownish yellow pigmented bacterial strain, designated antisso-27, was recently isolated from a water area of saltpan in Southern Taiwan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicate that strain antisso-27 belongs the genus Aquimarina in the family Flavobacteriacea and its only closest neighbor is Aquimarina spongiae (96.6%). Based on screening for algicidal activity, strain antisso-27 exhibits potent activity against the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Both the strain antisso-27 bacterial culture and its culture filtrate show algicidal activity against the toxic cyanobacterium, indicating that an algicidal substance is released from strain antisso-27. The algicidal activity of strain antisso-27 occurs during the late stationary phase of bacterial growth. Strain antisso-27 can synthesize an algicidal protein with a molecular mass of 190 kDa, and its isoelectric point is approximately 9.4. This study explores the nature of this algicidal protein such as L-amino acid oxidase with broad substrate specificity. The enzyme is most active with L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-methionine and L-valine and the hydrogen peroxide generated by its catalysis mediates algicidal activity. This is the first report on an Aquimarina strain algicidal to the toxic M. aeruginosa and the algicidal activity is generated through its enzymatic activity of L-amino acid oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ming Chen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Hai-Chuan Rd., Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan
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Rau JE, Fischer U. In-gel detection of L-amino acid oxidases based on the visualisation of hydrogen peroxide production. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 85:228-9. [PMID: 21397638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple and practicable method for in-gel detection of bacterial produced L-amino acid oxidases (L-AAOs) after non-denaturing SDS-PAGE based on the visualisation of occurring hydrogen peroxide production is described. Advantages of this screening method for L-AAOs are the determination of their numbers and approximate molecular weights additionally in one approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Erik Rau
- Zentrum für Umweltforschung und nachhaltige Technologien, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Abteilung Marine Mikrobiologie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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