1
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García-Paz FDM, Del Moral S, Morales-Arrieta S, Ayala M, Treviño-Quintanilla LG, Olvera-Carranza C. Multidomain chimeric enzymes as a promising alternative for biocatalysts improvement: a minireview. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:410. [PMID: 38466518 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Searching for new and better biocatalysts is an area of study in constant development. In nature, mechanisms generally occurring in evolution, such as genetic duplication, recombination, and natural selection processes, produce various enzymes with different architectures and properties. The recombination of genes that code proteins produces multidomain chimeric enzymes that contain two or more domains that sometimes enhance their catalytic properties. Protein engineering has mimicked this process to enhance catalytic activity and the global stability of enzymes, searching for new and better biocatalysts. Here, we present and discuss examples from both natural and synthetic multidomain chimeric enzymes and how additional domains heighten their stability and catalytic activity. Moreover, we also describe progress in developing new biocatalysts using synthetic fusion enzymes and revise some methodological strategies to improve their biological fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor de María García-Paz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001 Col. Chamilpa CP 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Sandra Del Moral
- Investigador por México-CONAHCyT, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Veracruz. MA de Quevedo 2779, Col. Formando Hogar, CP 91960, Veracruz, Veracruz, México
| | - Sandra Morales-Arrieta
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col. Lomas del Texcal CP 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - Marcela Ayala
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001 Col. Chamilpa CP 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Luis Gerardo Treviño-Quintanilla
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac No. 566 Col. Lomas del Texcal CP 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
| | - Clarita Olvera-Carranza
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001 Col. Chamilpa CP 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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2
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Aslam S, Zulfiqar F, Hameed W, Qureshi S, Zaroon, Bashir H. Fusion proteins development strategies and their role as cancer therapeutic agents. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:81-95. [PMID: 37822167 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite decades of research and advancement in chemotherapy. Most tumors can be reduced via standard oncology treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection, and they frequently recur. Significant progress has been made since targeted cancer therapy inception in creation of medications that exhibit improved tumor-selective action. Particularly in preclinical and clinical investigations, fusion proteins have shown strong activity and improved treatment outcomes for a number of human cancers. Synergistically combining many proteins into one complex allows the creation of synthetic fusion proteins with enhanced characteristics or new capabilities. Signal transduction pathways are important for onset, development, and spread of cancer. As result, signaling molecules are desirable targets for cancer therapies, and significant effort has been made into developing fusion proteins that would act as inhibitors of these pathways. A wide range of biotechnological and medicinal applications are made possible by fusion of protein domains that improves bioactivities or creates new functional combinations. Such proteins may function as immune effectors cell recruiters to tumors or as decoy receptors for various ligands. In this review article, we have outlined the standard methods for creating fusion proteins and covered the applications of fusion proteins in treatment of cancer. This article also highlights the role of fusion proteins in targeting the signaling pathways involved in cancer for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakira Aslam
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Warda Hameed
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahnila Qureshi
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zaroon
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Bashir
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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3
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Cutinase fused with C-terminal residues of α-synuclein improves polyethylene terephthalate degradation by enhancing the substrate binding. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Sharma A, Balda S, Capalash N, Sharma P. Engineering multifunctional enzymes for agro-biomass utilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126706. [PMID: 35033642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is a plentiful renewable resource that can be converted into a wide range of high-value-added industrial products. However, the complexity of its structural integrity is one of the major constraints and requires combinations of different fibrolytic enzymes for the cost-effective, industrially and environmentally feasible transformation. An interesting approach is constructing multifunctional enzymes, either in a single polypeptide or by joining multiple domains with linkers and performing diverse reactions simultaneously, in a single host. The production of such chimera proteins multiplies the advantages of different enzymatic reactions in a single setup, in lesser time, at lower production cost and with desirable and improved catalytic activities. This review embodies the various domain-tailoring and extracellular secretion strategies, possible solutions to their challenges, and efforts to experimentally connect different catalytic activities in a single host, as well as their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarjoo Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Balda
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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5
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Minamihata K, Tanaka Y, Santoso P, Goto M, Kozome D, Taira T, Kamiya N. Orthogonal Enzymatic Conjugation Reactions Create Chitin Binding Domain Grafted Chitinase Polymers with Enhanced Antifungal Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1688-1698. [PMID: 34251809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic reaction offers site-specific conjugation of protein units to form protein conjugates or protein polymers with intrinsic functions. Herein, we report horseradish peroxidase (HRP)- and microbial transglutaminase (MTG)-catalyzed orthogonal conjugation reactions to create antifungal protein polymers composed of Pteris ryukyuensis chitinase-A (ChiA) and its two domains, catalytic domain, CatD, and chitin-binding domain, LysM2. We engineered the ChiA and CatD by introducing a peptide tag containing tyrosine (Y-tag) at N-termini and a peptide tag containing lysine and tyrosine (KY-tag) at C-termini to construct Y-ChiA-KY and Y-CatD-KY. Also, LysM2 with Y-tag and KY-tag (Y-LysM2-KY) or with a glutamine-containing peptide tag (Q-tag) (LysM2-Q) were constructed. The proteins with Y-tag and KY-tag were efficiently polymerized by HRP reaction through the formation of dityrosine bonds at the tyrosine residues in the peptide tags. The Y-CatD-KY polymer was further treated by MTG to orthogonally graft LysM2-Q to the KY-tag via isopeptide formation between the side chains of the glutamine and lysine residues in the peptide tags to form LysM2-grafted CatD polymer. The LysM2-grafted CatD polymer exhibited significantly higher antifungal activity than the homopolymer of Y-ChiA-KY and the random copolymer of Y-CatD-KY and Y-LysM2-KY, demonstrating that the structural differences of artificial chitinase polymers have a significant impact on the antifungal activity. This strategy of polymerization and grafting reaction of protein can contribute to the further research and development of functional protein polymers for specific applications in various fields in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Pugoh Santoso
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dan Kozome
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Toki Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Abedi E, Fatemi F, Sefidbakht Y, Siadat SER. Development and characterization of a thermostable GH11/GH10 xylan degrading chimeric enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 149:109854. [PMID: 34311891 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Xylanases are categorized into different family groups, two of which are glycoside hydrolases 10 (GH10) and 11 (GH11) families. These well-characterized xylanases demonstrate different modes of action in hydrolysis of xylans. Imitating certain types of microorganisms to produce bifunctional enzymes such as engineered xylanases has gained considerable attention among researchers. In this study, a recombinant chimeric enzyme (X11-10) was designed by fusing two thermostable xylanases through a peptide linker. The recombinant parental enzymes, xylanase 10 from fungus Bispora sp. MEY-1 (X10) and xylanase 11 from bacterium Thermobacillus xylanilyticus (X11), and their chimera were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris), purified, and characterized. Being active over a wide pH range, X11-10 chimera showed higher thermal stability, possessed a lower Km, and a higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) in comparison to the parental enzymes. Also, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of X11-10 revealed that its active site residues were free to interact with substrate. This novel chimeric xylanase may have potential applications in different industrial processes since it can substitute two separate enzymes and therefore minimize the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Abedi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Fatemi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Ranaei Siadat
- Sobhan Recombinant Protein, No. 22, 2nd Noavari St, Pardis Technology Park, 20th Km of Damavand Road, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Permana D, Minamihata K, Goto M, Kamiya N. Strategies for Making Multimeric and Polymeric Bifunctional Protein Conjugates and Their Applications as Bioanalytical Tools. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:425-437. [PMID: 33455962 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20scr07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes play a central role in the detection of target molecules in biotechnological fields. Most probes used in detection are bifunctional proteins comprising enzymes and binding proteins conjugated by chemical reactions. To create a highly sensitive detection probe, it is essential to increase the enzyme-to-binding protein ratio in the probe. However, if the chemical reactions required to prepare the probe are insufficiently site-specific, the detection probe may lose functionality. Genetic modifications and enzyme-mediated post-translational modifications (PTMs) can ensure the site-specific conjugation of proteins. They are therefore promising strategies for the production of detection probes with high enzyme contents, i.e., polymeric bifunctional proteins. Herein, we review recent advances in the preparation of bifunctional protein conjugates and polymeric bifunctional protein conjugates for detection. We have summarized research on genetically fused proteins and enzymatically prepared polymeric bifunctional proteins, and will discuss the potential use of protein polymers in various detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Permana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Kampus LIPI Bandung
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
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8
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Recombinant chimeric enzymes for lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Permana D, Minamihata K, Sato R, Wakabayashi R, Goto M, Kamiya N. Linear Polymerization of Protein by Sterically Controlled Enzymatic Cross-Linking with a Tyrosine-Containing Peptide Loop. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5160-5169. [PMID: 32201803 PMCID: PMC7081431 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a protein complex needs to be controlled appropriately to maximize its functions. Herein, we report the linear polymerization of bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP) through the site-specific cross-linking reaction catalyzed by Trametes sp. laccase (TL). We introduced a peptide loop containing a tyrosine (Y-Loop) to BAP, and the Y-Looped BAP was treated with TL. The Y-Looped BAP formed linear polymers, whereas BAP fused with a C-terminal peptide containing a tyrosine (Y-tag) showed an irregular shape after TL treatment. The sterically confined structure of the Y-Loop could be responsible for the formation of linear BAP polymers. TL-catalyzed copolymerization of Y-Looped BAP and a Y-tagged chimeric antibody-binding protein, pG2pA-Y, resulted in the formation of linear bifunctional protein copolymers that could be employed as protein probes in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Copolymers comprising Y-Looped BAP and pG2pA-Y at a molar ratio of 100:1 exhibited the highest signal in the ELISA with 26- and 20-fold higher than a genetically fused chimeric protein, BAP-pG2pA-Y, and its polymeric form, respectively. This result revealed that the morphology of the copolymers was the most critical feature to improve the functionality of the protein polymers as detection probes, not only for immunoassays but also for other diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Permana
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Research
Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute
of Sciences (LIPI), Kampus LIPI Bandung Gedung 50, Jl. Cisitu, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division
of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division
of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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10
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Improvement of the catalytic characteristics of a salt-tolerant GH10 xylanase from Streptomyce rochei L10904. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1447-1455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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A review on chimeric xylanases: methods and conditions. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:67. [PMID: 28452014 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-functional enzymes are one of the nature's solutions to facilitate metabolic pathways, thus several reactions are regulated and performed simultaneously on one polypeptide chain. Inspired by nature, artificial chimeric proteins have been designed to reduce the production costs and improve the performance. One of the interesting applications of this method is in the plant-based industries such as feed additive, waste treatment, biofuel production, and pulp and paper bleaching. In fact, the heterogeneous texture of plants needs using a combination of different enzymes to achieve an optimal quality in the manufacturing process. Given that xylans are the most abundant non-cellulosic polysaccharides in nature, xylanases are widely utilized in the mentioned industries. In this regard, several studies have been conducted to develop the relevant chimeric enzymes. Despite the successes that have been attained in this field, misfolding, functional or structural interference, and linker breakage have been reported in some cases. The present paper reviews the research to introduce the prerequisites to design an appropriate chimeric xylanase.
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12
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Linker engineering for fusion protein construction: Improvement and characterization of a GLP-1 fusion protein. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 82:105-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Blatt A, Bauch ME, Pörschke Y, Lohr M. A lycopene β-cyclase/lycopene ε-cyclase/light-harvesting complex-fusion protein from the green alga Ostreococcus lucimarinus can be modified to produce α-carotene and β-carotene at different ratios. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:582-95. [PMID: 25759133 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of asymmetric carotenoids such as α-carotene and lutein in plants and green algae involves the two enzymes lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) and lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE). The two cyclases are closely related and probably resulted from an ancient gene duplication. While in most plants investigated so far the two cyclases are encoded by separate genes, prasinophyte algae of the order Mamiellales contain a single gene encoding a fusion protein comprised of LCYB, LCYE and a C-terminal light-harvesting complex (LHC) domain. Here we show that the lycopene cyclase fusion protein from Ostreococcus lucimarinus catalyzed the simultaneous formation of α-carotene and β-carotene when heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The stoichiometry of the two products in E. coli could be altered by gradual truncation of the C-terminus, suggesting that the LHC domain may be involved in modulating the relative activities of the two cyclase domains in the algae. Partial deletions of the linker region between the cyclase domains or replacement of one or both cyclase domains with the corresponding cyclases from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii resulted in pronounced shifts of the α-carotene-to-β-carotene ratio, indicating that both the relative activities of the cyclase domains and the overall structure of the fusion protein have a strong impact on the product stoichiometry. The possibility to tune the product ratio of the lycopene cyclase fusion protein from Mamiellales renders it useful for the biotechnological production of the asymmetric carotenoids α-carotene or lutein in bacteria or fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blatt
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias E Bauch
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pörschke
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Lohr
- Institut für Allgemeine Botanik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
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14
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Yu K, Liu C, Kim BG, Lee DY. Synthetic fusion protein design and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:155-164. [PMID: 25450191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic fusion proteins can be designed to achieve improved properties or new functionality by synergistically incorporating multiple proteins into one complex. The fusion of two or more protein domains enhances bioactivities or generates novel functional combinations with a wide range of biotechnological and (bio)pharmaceutical applications. In this review, initially, we summarize the commonly used approaches for constructing fusion proteins. For each approach, the design strategy and desired properties are elaborated with examples of recent studies in the areas of biocatalysts, protein switches and bio-therapeutics. Subsequently, the progress in structural prediction of fusion proteins is presented, which can potentially facilitate the structure-based systematic design of fusion proteins toward identifying the best combinations of fusion partners. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Synthetic Biology Research Consortium, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Synthetic Biology Research Consortium, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Singapore 138668, Singapore.
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15
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Lee JI, Jang JH, Yu MJ, Kim YW. Construction of a bifunctional enzyme fusion for the combined determination of biogenic amines in foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9118-24. [PMID: 24001036 DOI: 10.1021/jf403044m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) are a group of low-molecular-mass organic bases derived from free amino acids. Due to the undesirable effects of BAs on human health, amine oxidase-based detection methods for BAs in foods have been developed. Here, we developed a bifunctional enzyme fusion (MAPO) using a Cu(2+)-containing monoamine oxidase (AMAO2) and a flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing putrescine oxidase (APUO) from Arthrobacter aurescens. It was necessary to activate MAPO with supplementary Cu(2+) ions, leading to a 6- to 12-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) for monoamines. The optimal temperatures of Cu(2+)-activated MAPO (cMAPO) for both tyramine and putrescine were 50 °C, and the optimal pH values for tyramine and putrescine were pH 7.0 and pH 8.0, respectively, consistent with those of AMAO2 and APUO, respectively. The cMAPO showed relative specific activities of 100, 99, 32, and 32 for 2-phenylethylamine, tyramine, histamine, and putrescine, respectively. The tyramine-equivalent BA contents of fermented soybean pastes by cMAPO were more than 90% of the total BA determined by HPLC. In conclusion, cMAPO is fully bifunctional toward biogenic monoamines and putrescine, allowing the combined determination of multiple BAs in foods. This colorimetric determination method could be useful for point-of-care testing to screen safety-guaranteed products prior to instrumental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ick Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University , Sejong, 339-700, South Korea
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16
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Chen K, Liu S, Wang G, Zhang D, Du G, Chen J, Shi Z. Enhancement of Streptomyces transglutaminase activity and pro-peptide cleavage efficiency by introducing linker peptide in the C-terminus of the pro-peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:317-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Streptomyces transglutaminase (TGase) has been widely used in food, pharmaceutical and textile industries. Streptomyces TGase is naturally synthesized as zymogen (pro-TGase), which is then processed to produce active enzyme by removing its N-terminal pro-peptide. Although the pro-peptide is essential for TGase folding and secretion, few studies have been reported on improving the properties of TGase by pro-peptide engineering. In this study, we developed a new approach to improve the properties of TGase based on pro-peptide engineering. When the α-helix37G−42S in pro-peptide was substituted with three glycines and three alanines respectively, the mutants exhibited higher specific activity and the efficiency of pro-peptide cleavage was enhanced. To further improve the properties of TGase, relevant mutations were constructed by introducing linker peptides in the C-terminus of the pro-peptide. Mutants with GS (GGGGS) and PT (PTPPTTPT) linker peptide exhibited 1.28 fold and 1.5 fold higher specific activity than the wild-type enzyme, respectively. This new method could be used to improve the properties of TGase by pro-peptide modification, which is a promising technology for creating unique TGase with various beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Chen
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Song Liu
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Guangsheng Wang
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road 214122 Wuxi China
| | - Dongxu Zhang
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Guocheng Du
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jian Chen
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Zhongping Shi
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Wuxi China
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17
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Wang Q, Xue Y, Wu X. Characterization of a novel thermostable chitin-binding domain and its application in immobilization of a multifunctional hemicellulase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3074-3081. [PMID: 23470102 DOI: 10.1021/jf3041275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel thermostable chitin-binding domain (Tt-ChBD) of chitinase A1 from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM571 was cloned, characterized, and compared for its binding activity with another mesophilic chitin-binding domain (Bc-ChBD). Recombinant protein with Tt-ChBD exhibits stronger affinity to chitin than those with Bc-ChBD at temperatures from 65 °C to at least 75 °C, but not to other polysaccharides including xylan, chitosan, cellulose, and agarose. For repeated production of xylose from arabinoxylan-containing feedstocks, a best-characterized trifunctional chimeric enzyme Xar-L1-Xyn (XX) constructed in our previous work was attempted to be immobilized on chitin efficiently by genetically fusing Tt-ChBD to the N-terminal region of XX (named CXX) and the C-terminal region of XX (named XXC), respectively. The fusing position of Tt-CBD affected the affinity-binding activity to chitin. Recombinant XX, XXC, and CXX were purified to homogeneity and characterized. According to the xylosidase activities, the optimum temperature and pH profiles of the CXX and XXC both in free and immobilized form were the same as those of XX. However, the thermal and pH stabilities of the immobilized XXC and CXX were both greatly improved in the range from 70 to 90 °C and pH 4.2-8.2. The immobilized multifunctional hemicellulase exhibited high stability to producing xylose for at least 19 or 30 times in continuous operation with the achievement of 60% or 80% conversion yield at temperatures up to 65 °C. These results indicate the usefulness of Tt-ChBD as an affinity tag for the simultaneous purification and immobilization of the enzyme on chitin and the great potential applications for thermophilic enzyme immobilization at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, GinLing College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China 210097
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18
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Wang S, Cui GZ, Song XF, Feng Y, Cui Q. Efficiency and stability enhancement of cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase by fusion with a carbohydrate binding module and immobilization onto cellulose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:708-17. [PMID: 22843080 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cis-epoxysuccinic acid hydrolase (CESH) is an enzyme that catalyzes cis-epoxysuccinic acid to produce enantiomeric L(+)-tartaric acid. The production of tartaric acid by using CESH would be valuable in the chemical industry because of its high yield and selectivity, but the low stability of CESH hampers its application. To improve the stability of CESH, we fused five different carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) to CESH and immobilized the chimeric enzymes on cellulose. The effects of the fusion and immobilization on the activity, kinetics, and stability of CESH were compared. Activity measurements demonstrated that the fusion with CBMs and the immobilization on cellulose increased the pH and temperature adaptability of CESH. The chimeric enzymes showed significantly different enzyme kinetics parameters, among which the immobilized CBM30-CESH exhibited twofold catalytic efficiency compared with the native CESH. The half-life measurements indicated that the stability of the enzyme in its free form was slightly increased by the fusion with CBMs, whereas the immobilization on cellulose significantly increased the stability of the enzyme. The immobilized CBM30-CESH showed the longest half-life, which is more than five times the free native CESH half-life at 30 °C. Therefore, most CBMs can improve enzymatic properties, and CBM30 is the best fusion partner for CESH to improve both its enzymatic efficiency and its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
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