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Lin J, Ruan S, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Fang M, Li T, Luo G, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Tandayu E, Chen C, Lu J, Ma C, Si H. Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of wheat xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP) genes: unveiling their role in Fusarium head blight resistance and plant immune mechanisms. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:462. [PMID: 38802731 PMCID: PMC11129392 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive genome-wide study, we identified and classified 83 Xylanase Inhibitor Protein (XIP) genes in wheat, grouped into five distinct categories, to enhance understanding of wheat's resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a significant fungal threat to global wheat production. Our analysis reveals the unique distribution of XIP genes across wheat chromosomes, particularly at terminal regions, suggesting their role in the evolutionary expansion of the gene family. Several XIP genes lack signal peptides, indicating potential alternative secretion pathways that could be pivotal in plant defense against FHB. The study also uncovers the sequence homology between XIPs and chitinases, hinting at a functional diversification within the XIP gene family. Additionally, the research explores the association of XIP genes with plant immune mechanisms, particularly their linkage with plant hormone signaling pathways like abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. XIP-7A3, in particular, demonstrates a significant increase in expression upon FHB infection, highlighting its potential as a key candidate gene for enhancing wheat's resistance to this disease. This research not only enriches our understanding of the XIP gene family in wheat but also provides a foundation for future investigations into their role in developing FHB-resistant wheat cultivars. The findings offer significant implications for wheat genomics and breeding, contributing to the development of more resilient crops against fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuang Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Yonglin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Mengyuan Fang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Gan Luo
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhuangbo Tian
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Erwin Tandayu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Can Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongqi Si
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow and Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Sardar P, Šustr V, Chroňáková A, Lorenc F. Metatranscriptomic holobiont analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the millipede Telodeinopus aoutii (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.931986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As important decomposers of soil organic matter, millipedes contribute to lignocellulose decomposition and nutrient cycling. The degradation of lignocellulose requires the action of several carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and, in most invertebrates, depends on the activity of mutualistic gut microorganisms. To address the question of the importance of the microbiota and endogenous (host) enzymes in digestive processes in millipedes, we analyzed metatranscriptomic data from the tropical millipede Telodeinopus aoutii at the holobiont level. Functional annotation included identification of expressed CAZymes (CAZy families and EC terms) in the host and its intestinal microbiota, foregut, midgut, and hindgut, compared to non-intestinal tissues. Most of the 175 CAZy families were expressed exclusively in the gut microbiota and more than 50% of these microbial families were expressed exclusively in the hindgut. The greatest diversity of expressed endogenous CAZymes from all gut sections was found in the midgut (77 families). Bacteria were the major microbial producers of CAZymes, Proteobacteria dominating in the midgut and Bacteriodetes with Firmicutes in the hindgut. The contribution of the eukaryotic microbiota to CAZymes production was negligible. Functional classification of expressed CAZy families confirmed a broad functional spectrum of CAZymes potentially expressed in the holobiont. Degradation of lignocellulose in the digestive tract of the millipede T. aoutii depends largely on bacterial enzymes expressed in the hindgut. Endogenous cellulases were not detected, except for the potentially cellulolytic family AA15, but an expression of cellulolytic enzymes of this family was not confirmed at the EC-number level. The midgut had the greatest diversity of expressed endogenous CAZymes, mainly amylases, indicating the importance of digesting α-glucosidases for the millipede. In contrast, bacterial lignocellulolytic enzymes are sparsely expressed here. The hindgut was the hotspot of microbial degradation of cellulose and hemicellulases. The gain of the millipede from the microbial lignocellulose degradation in the gut, and consequently the mutualistic status of the relationship between the millipede and its cellulolytic gut bacteria, depends on the ability of the millipede to take up microbial metabolites as nutrients through the hindgut wall. Enzymes expressed in the intestine can degrade all components of lignocellulose except lignin. Assuming that soil microbiota is partially degraded lignin in the millipede diet, T. aoutii can be considered a decomposer of soil organic matter relying primarily on its gut bacteria. The deposition of millipede fecal pellets containing an organic matter modified by the hindgut bacterial community could be of ecological significance.
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Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Zhang W, Ma J, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Yang S. Biochemical characterization of a novel acidic chitinase with antifungal activity from Paenibacillus xylanexedens Z2-4. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1528-1536. [PMID: 34022308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A chitinase gene (PxChi52) from Paenibacillus xylanexedens Z2-4 was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). PxChi52 shared the highest identity of 91% with a glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinase (ChiD) from Bacillus circulans. The recombinant enzyme (PxChi52) was purified and biochemically characterized. PxChi52 had a molecular mass of 52.8 kDa. It was most active at pH 4.5 and 65 °C, respectively, and stable in a wide pH range of 4.0-13.0 and up to 50 °C. The enzyme exhibited the highest specific activity of 16.0 U/mg towards colloidal chitin, followed by ethylene glycol chitin (5.4 U/mg) and ball milled chitin (0.4 U/mg). The Km and Vmax values of PxChi52 towards colloidal chitin were determined to be 3.06 mg/mL and 71.38 U/mg, respectively, PxChi52 hydrolyzed colloidal chitin and chitooligosaccharides with degree of polymerization 2-5 to release mainly N-acetyl chitobiose. In addition, PxChi52 displayed inhibition effects on the growth of some phytopathogenic fungi, including Alternaria alstroemeriae, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Valsa mali. The unique properties of PxChi52 may enable it potential application in agriculture field as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwen Ma
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Ribeiro IDA, Bach E, da Silva Moreira F, Müller AR, Rangel CP, Wilhelm CM, Barth AL, Passaglia LMP. Antifungal potential against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and plant growth promoting abilities of Bacillus isolates from canola (Brassica napus L.) roots. Microbiol Res 2021; 248:126754. [PMID: 33848783 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria show important abilities in promoting plant growth and suppressing phytopathogens, being largely explored in agriculture as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents. Bacteria from canola roots were isolated and screened for different plant growth promotion (PGP) traits and biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Thirty isolates belonging to Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Microbacterium genera were obtained. Several isolates produced auxin, siderophores, hydrolytic enzymes, fixed nitrogen and solubilized phosphate. Five isolates presented antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum by the dual culture assay and four of them also inhibited fungal growth by volatile organic compounds production. All antagonistic isolates belonged to the Bacillus genus, and had their genomes sequenced for the search of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) related to antimicrobial metabolites. These isolates were identified as Bacillus safensis (3), Bacillus pumilus (1), and Bacillus megaterium (1), using the genomic metrics ANI and dDDH. Most strains showed several common BGCs, including bacteriocin, polyketide synthase (PKS), and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), related to pumilacidin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, and other antimicrobial compounds. Pumilacidin-related mass peaks were detected in acid precipitation extracts through MALDI-TOF analysis. The genomic features demonstrated the potential of these isolates in the suppression of plant pathogens; however, some aspects of plant-bacterial interactions remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Daniel Alves Ribeiro
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Evelise Bach
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda da Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Reis Müller
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Pinto Rangel
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Mörschbächer Wilhelm
- LABRESIS - Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.035-903, Brazil
| | - Afonso Luis Barth
- LABRESIS - Laboratório de Pesquisa em Resistência Bacteriana, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.035-903, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Caixa Postal 15.053, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Xu S, Campisi E, Li J, Fischetti VA. Decontamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on fresh Romaine lettuce using a novel bacteriophage lysin. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 341:109068. [PMID: 33498009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raw vegetables are a key food for a healthy diet, but their increased consumption brings a higher risk for foodborne disease. Contamination of salad greens with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 has caused severe disease and important economic losses almost yearly in the United States over the last 10 years. To curb the risk of infections from contaminated produce, approaches based on bacterial virus - commonly known as bacteriophage or phage - have recently started to draw interest among other antimicrobial strategies. Phages enter bacterial cells to reproduce and cause cellular lysis to release their phage progeny at the end of their infection cycle. This lytic effect is caused by lysins, phage-encoded enzymes that have evolved to degrade the bacterial cell wall resulting in hypotonic lysis. When applied externally in their purified form, such enzymes are able to kill sensitive bacteria on contact in a similar way. Their unique bactericidal properties have made lysins effective antimicrobial agents in a variety of applications, from treating multidrug-resistant infections in humans to controlling bacterial contamination in several areas, including microbiological food safety. Here we describe a novel lysin, namely PlyEc2, with potent bactericidal activity against key gram-negative pathogens including E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. PlyEc2 displayed high bactericidal activity against STEC to a concentration of 12.5 μg/ml under different pH conditions. This lysin was also able to reduce the bacterial titer of several pathogenic strains in vitro by more than 5 logarithmic units, resulting in complete sterilization. Importantly, PlyEc2 proved to be a powerful produce decontamination agent in its ability to clear 99.7% of contaminating STEC O157:H7 in our Romaine lettuce leaf model. PlyEc2 was also able to eradicate 99.8% of the bacteria contaminating the washing solution, drastically reducing the risk of cross-contamination during the washing process. A sensory evaluation panel found that treatment with PlyEc2 did not alter the visual and tactile quality of lettuce leaves compared to the untreated leaves. Our study is the first to describe a highly effective lysin treatment to control gram-negative pathogenic contamination on fresh lettuce without the addition of membrane destabilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Xu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, 10065 New York, NY, USA; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Edmondo Campisi
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, 10065 New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jinquan Li
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, 10065 New York, NY, USA; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Vincent A Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, 10065 New York, NY, USA
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Swiontek Brzezinska M, Kalwasińska A, Świątczak J, Żero K, Jankiewicz U. Exploring the properties of chitinolytic Bacillus isolates for the pathogens biological control. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104462. [PMID: 32835774 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant fungal diseases generate serious losses in the agriculture. The bacteria producing biologically active substances that inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens can be an alternative to the chemicals. The chitinolytic bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their physiological properties which may be useful in the promotion of plant growth have been investigated. Their chitinases and antifungal activity were studied. The isolates were also tested for indirect growth-promoting traits such as ammonia production, siderophore production, hydrogen cyanide production, and salicylic acid production. Two chitinolytic strains B3 and B5 were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp., respectively. They produced active chitinases on a medium containing shrimp shell powder. The purified chitinases having the molecular weight of 35-45 kDa inhibited the growth of important plant pathogens such as Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, the isolates showed the ability to produce a broad range of biological substances promoting the growth of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Klaudia Żero
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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Alves EA, Schmaltz S, Tres MV, Zabot GL, Kuhn RC, Mazutti MA. Process development to obtain a cocktail containing cell-wall degrading enzymes with insecticidal activity from Beauveria bassiana. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Biochemical characterization of a bifunctional chitinase/lysozyme from Streptomyces sampsonii suitable for N-acetyl chitobiose production. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1489-1499. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wen S, Mao TX, Yao DM, Li T, Wang FH. Yeast Surface Display of Antheraea pernyi Lysozyme Revealed α-Helical Antibacterial Peptides in Its N-Terminal Domain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9138-9146. [PMID: 30074396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated a novel lysozyme ApLyz from the Chinese oak silkmoth, Antheraea pernyi, for its active expression with N- or C-terminus fused to the yeast cell surface, and the antimicrobial activities of the corresponding expressed lysozymes were evaluated. The bactericidal activity of C-terminal fusion of ApLyz surpassed that of the N-terminal fusion, which revealed the implication of an N-terminal stretch of ApLyz in the bactericidal function based on the structural mobility of this region. Two N-terminal peptides of ApLyz (residues 1-15 and 1-32), which primarily consist of amphiphilic α-helices, exerted similar bactericidal efficacy and had a strong preference for the Gram-negative strains. Further investigation revealed that the N-terminal peptides are membrane-targeting peptides causing cell permeabilization and also possess nonmembrane disturbing bactericidal mechanism. Overall, in addition to the key findings of novel bactericidal peptides from silkmoth lysozyme, this work laid the foundation for future improvement of ApLyz by protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wen
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Tong-Xin Mao
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Dong-Mei Yao
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Tian Li
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Feng-Huan Wang
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, School of Food and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
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Zhang DD, Guo XJ, Wang YJ, Gao TG, Zhu BC. Novel screening strategy reveals a potent Bacillus antagonist capable of mitigating wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 65:512-519. [PMID: 28977681 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Take-all is a severe root disease of wheat worldwide that is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). In this study, 272 Bacillus isolates were screened for their antifungal activity in vitro to Ggt. Of the 128 strains that demonstrated an antagonistic action, 24 of these exhibited at least three of the four plant growth promotion parameters (i.e. indole acetic acid and siderophore production, inorganic phosphorus solubilization and organic phosphorus solubilization) that were tested in wheat plants. The most effective strain found was Bacillus subtilis Pnf-12; its disease reduction effect reached 69%. Pnf-12 also caused a significant improvement (P < 0·05) in the root and shoot weights of wheat plants, though their root length and shoot height were similar to the noninoculated treatment (P > 0·05). The mechanism for this disease control may be linked to the production of the antifungal lipopeptides surfactin, iturin and fengycin production, all of which were detected in the cell-free supernatant of Pnf-12. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Take-all, which is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), is one of the most widespread and devastating root diseases of wheat plants. This study focuses on a novel screening strategy of Bacillus isolates to evaluate their potential biological control capacity for suppressing wheat take-all. The joint assessment of antifungal activities, growth promotion factors and variety of antibiotic synthesis genes, in addition to greenhouse experiments, allowed for the identification and demonstration of the Bacillus isolate Pnf-12 as an effective disease control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - X J Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Y J Wang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - T G Gao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - B C Zhu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Rostami A, Hinc K, Goshadrou F, Shali A, Bayat M, Hassanzadeh M, Amanlou M, Eslahi N, Ahmadian G. Display of B. pumilus chitinase on the surface of B. subtilis spore as a potential biopesticide. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 140:17-23. [PMID: 28755689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinases can inhibit the growth of many fungal diseases which are a great threat for global agricultural production. Biological control of pathogens like fungi, is believed to be one of the best ways to eliminate the adverse effects of plant pathogens. To this end, we expressed and displayed a chitinase from Bacillus pumilus (ChiS) on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores, as a biocontrol agent. RESULT ChiS enzyme from B. pumilus was expressed on the spores of B. subtilis using CotG as a carrier protein. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed the expression of ChiS on the surface of the spores. Enzyme activity assay showed that the surface displayed ChiS was active and was also able to inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma harzianum fungi. Western blot analysis also indicated that CotG-ChiS is partially processed after display. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the stability of the heterologous protein was decreased after fusion. CONCLUSION ChiS was successfully displayed on the surface of Bacillus spores by fusion to the CotG, one of the main spore coat proteins. In-vitro experiments showed that the displayed enzyme was effective in growth inhibition of R. solani and T. harzianum fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Rostami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Krzysztof Hinc
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, UG-MUG, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Fatemeh Goshadrou
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shali
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Bayat
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Design and Development Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Drug Design and Development Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Eslahi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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Djenane Z, Nateche F, Amziane M, Gomis-Cebolla J, El-Aichar F, Khorf H, Ferré J. Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity and the Entomocidal Potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates from Algeria. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E139. [PMID: 28406460 PMCID: PMC5408213 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9040139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work represents the first initiative to analyze the distribution of B. thuringiensis in Algeria and to evaluate the biological potential of the isolates. A total of 157 isolates were recovered, with at least one isolate in 94.4% of the samples. The highest Bt index was found in samples from rhizospheric soil (0.48) and from the Mediterranean area (0.44). Most isolates showed antifungal activity (98.5%), in contrast to the few that had antibacterial activity (29.9%). A high genetic diversity was made evident by the finding of many different crystal shapes and various combinations of shapes within a single isolate (in 58.4% of the isolates). Also, over 50% of the isolates harbored cry1, cry2, or cry9 genes, and 69.3% contained a vip3 gene. A good correlation between the presence of chitinase genes and antifungal activity was observed. More than half of the isolates with a broad spectrum of antifungal activity harbored both endochitinase and exochitinase genes. Interestingly, 15 isolates contained the two chitinase genes and all of the above cry family genes, with some of them harboring a vip3 gene as well. The combination of this large number of genes coding for entomopathogenic proteins suggests a putative wide range of entomotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahia Djenane
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, University Dr Yahia Frès, 26000 Médéa, Algeria.
| | - Farida Nateche
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Meriam Amziane
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Joaquín Gomis-Cebolla
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Fairouz El-Aichar
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Hassiba Khorf
- Microbiology Group, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP 32, EL ALIA, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Juan Ferré
- ERI BIOTECMED and Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, BURJASSOT, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
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Yan Q, Fong SS. Bacterial chitinase: nature and perspectives for sustainable bioproduction. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Senol M, Nadaroglu H, Dikbas N, Kotan R. Purification of Chitinase enzymes from Bacillus subtilis bacteria TV-125, investigation of kinetic properties and antifungal activity against Fusarium culmorum. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:35. [PMID: 25112904 PMCID: PMC4236515 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-014-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin is the main structural component of cell walls of fungi, exoskeletons of insects and other arthropods and shells of crustaceans. Chitinase enzyme is capable of degrading chitin, and this enzyme can be used as a biological fungicide against phytopathogenic fungi, as well as an insecticide against insect pests. METHODS In this study, 158 isolates, which were derived from bacteria cultures isolated from leaves and root rhizospheres of certain plants in Turkey, were selected after confirming that they are not phytopathogenic based on the hypersensitivity test performed on tobacco; and antifungal activity test was performed against Fusarium culmorum, which is a pathogenic fungi that cause decomposition of roots of vegetables. Accordingly, chitinase enzyme activity assay was performed on 31 isolates that have an antifungal activity, and among them the isolate of Bacillus subtilis TV-125 was selected, which has demonstrated the highest activity. RESULTS Chitinase enzyme was purified by using ammonium sulphate and DEAE-sephadex ion exchange chromatography. Ammonium sulphate precipitation of chitinase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis TV-125 isolate was performed at maximum range of 0-20%, and 28.4-fold purification was obtained with a 13.4% of yield. Optimum activity of the purified enzyme was observed at pH 4.0 and at 50°C of temperature. In addition, it was identified that Bacillus subtilis TV-125A isolate retains 42% of its activity at 80°C temperature. CONCLUSION In the last phase of the study, chitinase enzyme purified from Bacillus subtilis TV-125A was tested on four fungal agents, although all the results were positive, it was particularly effective on F. culmorum according to the findings.
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Frederiksen RF, Paspaliari DK, Larsen T, Storgaard BG, Larsen MH, Ingmer H, Palcic MM, Leisner JJ. Bacterial chitinases and chitin-binding proteins as virulence factors. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2013; 159:833-847. [PMID: 23519157 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.051839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) and chitin-binding proteins (CBPs) play a fundamental role in the degradation of the ubiquitous biopolymer chitin, and the degradation products serve as an important nutrient source for marine- and soil-dwelling bacteria. However, it has recently become clear that representatives of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens encode chitinases and CBPs that support infection of non-chitinous mammalian hosts. This review addresses this biological role of bacterial chitinases and CBPs in terms of substrate specificities, regulation, secretion and involvement in cellular and animal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki F Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Dafni K Paspaliari
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Tanja Larsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Birgit G Storgaard
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsbergvej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V., Denmark
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Marianne H Larsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Monica M Palcic
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsbergvej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V., Denmark
| | - Jørgen J Leisner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
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Chavan SB, Deshpande MV. Chitinolytic enzymes: An appraisal as a product of commercial potential. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:833-46. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Chavan
- Jay Biotech; 111, Matrix, World Trade Centre, Kharadi, Pune 411014 India
| | - M. V. Deshpande
- Biochemical Sciences Division; National Chemical Laboratory; Pune 411008 India
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18
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A Novel Alkaliphilic Xylanase from the Newly Isolated Mesophilic Bacillus sp. MX47: Production, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:899-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Surface Display of Bacterial Metallothioneins and a Chitin Binding Domain on Escherichia coli Increase Cadmium Adsorption and Cell Immobilization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:462-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Fasehee H, Westers H, Bolhuis A, Antelmann H, Hecker M, Quax WJ, Mirlohi AF, van Dijl JM, Ahmadian G. Functional analysis of the sortase YhcS in Bacillus subtilis. Proteomics 2011; 11:3905-13. [PMID: 21800427 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sortases of Gram-positive bacteria catalyze the covalent C-terminal anchoring of proteins to the cell wall. Bacillus subtilis, a well-known host organism for protein production, contains two putative sortases named YhcS and YwpE. The present studies were aimed at investigating the possible sortase function of these proteins in B. subtilis. Proteomics analyses revealed that sortase-mutant cells released elevated levels of the putative sortase substrate YfkN into the culture medium upon phosphate starvation. The results indicate that YfkN required sortase activity of YhcS for retention in the cell wall. To analyze sortase function in more detail, we focused attention on the potential sortase substrate YhcR, which is co-expressed with the sortase YhcS. Our results showed that the sortase recognition and cell-wall-anchoring motif of YhcR is functional when fused to the Bacillus pumilus chitinase ChiS, a readily detectable reporter protein that is normally secreted. The ChiS fusion protein is displayed at the cell wall surface when YhcS is co-expressed. In the absence of YhcS, or when no cell-wall-anchoring motif is fused to ChiS, the ChiS accumulates predominately in the culture medium. Taken together, these novel findings show that B. subtilis has a functional sortase for anchoring proteins to the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Fasehee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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