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Zhou S, Pan B, Kuang X, Chen S, Liu L, Song Y, Zhao Y, Xu X, Cheng X, Yang J. Characterization and mechanism investigation of salt-activated methionine sulfoxide reductase A from halophiles. iScience 2024; 27:110806. [PMID: 39297162 PMCID: PMC11408995 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Halophiles, thriving in harsh saline environments, capture scientific interest due to their remarkable ability to prosper under extreme salinity. This study unveils the distinct salt-induced activation of methionine sulfoxide reductases (MsrA) from Halobacterium hubeiense, showcasing a significant enhancement in enzymatic activity across various salt concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 M. This contrasts sharply with the activity profiles of non-halophilic counterparts. Through comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that salt ions stabilize and compact the enzyme's structure, notably enhancing its substrate affinity. Mutagenesis analysis further confirms the essential role of salt bridges formed by the basic Arg168 residue in salt-induced activation. Mutating Arg168 to an acidic or neutral residue disrupts salt-induced activation, substantially reducing the enzyme activity under salt conditions. Our research provides evidence of salt-activated MsrA activity in halophiles, elucidating the molecular basis of halophilic enzyme activity in response to salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihuan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Kuang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuhong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lianghui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yawen Song
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianlin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
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Zhang Q, Pan B, Yang P, Tian J, Zhou S, Xu X, Dai Y, Cheng X, Chen Y, Yang J. Engineering of methionine sulfoxide reductase A with simultaneously improved stability and activity for kinetic resolution of chiral sulfoxides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129540. [PMID: 38244733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) has emerged as promising biocatalysts in the enantioselective kinetic resolution of racemic (rac) sulfoxides. In this study, we engineered robust MsrA variants through directed evolution, demonstrating substantial improvements of thermostability. Mechanism analysis reveals that the enhanced thermostability results from the strengthening of intracellular interactions and increase in molecular compactness. Moreover, these variants demonstrated concurrent improvements in catalytic activities, and notably, these enhancements in stability and activity collectively contributed to a significant improvement in enzyme substrate tolerance. We achieved kinetic resolution on a series of rac-sulfoxides with high enantioselectivity under initial substrate concentrations reaching up to 93.0 g/L, representing a great improvement in the aspect of the substrate concentration for biocatalytic preparation of chiral sulfoxide. Hence, the simultaneously improved thermostability, activity and substrate tolerance of MsrA represent an excellent biocatalyst for the green synthesis of optically pure sulfoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Piao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shihuan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianlin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yangxue Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China.
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3
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Thyne KM, Salmon AB. Sexually dimorphic effects of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on murine longevity and health span during methionine restriction. GeroScience 2023; 45:3003-3017. [PMID: 37391679 PMCID: PMC10643651 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan in various model organisms, and understanding the molecular effectors of MR could expand the repertoire of tools targeting the aging process. Here, we address to what extent the biochemical pathway responsible for redox metabolism of methionine plays in regulating the effects of MR on lifespan and health span. Aerobic organisms have evolved methionine sulfoxide reductases to counter the oxidation of the thioether group contained in the essential amino acid methionine. Of these enzymes, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and has subcellular localization in both the cytosol and mitochondria. Loss of MsrA increases sensitivity to oxidative stress and has been associated with increased susceptibility to age-associated pathologies including metabolic dysfunction. We rationalized that limiting the available methionine with MR may place increased importance on methionine redox pathways, and that MsrA may be required to maintain available methionine for its critical uses in cellular homeostasis including protein synthesis, metabolism, and methylation. Using a genetic mutant mouse lacking MsrA, we tested the requirement for this enzyme in the effects of MR on longevity and markers of healthy aging late in life. When initiated in adulthood, we found that MR had minimal effects in males and females regardless of MsrA status. MR had minimal effect on lifespan with the exception of wild-type males where loss of MsrA slightly increased lifespan on MR. We also observed that MR drove an increase in body weight in wild-type mice only, but mice lacking MsrA tended to maintain more stable body weight throughout their lives. We also found that MR had greater benefit to males than females in terms of glucose metabolism and some functional health span assessments, but MsrA generally had minimal impact on these metrics. Frailty was also found to be unaffected by MR or MsrA in aged animals. We found that in general, MsrA was not required for the beneficial effects of MR on longevity and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Thyne
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Yang Z, Zhu S, Wang X, Chen C, Huang D, Feng J. Nitric oxide modulates folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and mitochondrial energy levels of peaches during cold storage. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1184736. [PMID: 37215226 PMCID: PMC10196066 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1184736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is closely associated with postharvest preservation. This study investigated the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on FOCM, storage quality, energy metabolism, and mitochondrial membrane integrity in cold-storage peach fruit. In this experiment, peaches were soaked with 1.5 mmol L-1S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as NO donor, and the negative treatment (NT) solution containing 5 μmol L-1 carboxy-PTIO (c-PTIO, NO scavenger), 200 μmol L-1 NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, NO synthase-like enzyme inhibitor), and 200 μmol L-1 sodium tungstate dihydrate (nitrate reductase inhibitor) and stored at 0°C. The results showed that NO decreased the activity of S-adenosylmethionine synthase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and increased the activity of methionine sulfoxide reductase A, as well as the content of N5-methyl-THF, the ratio of tetrahydrofolate (THF), homocysteine, methionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and SAM to S-adenosylhomocysteine compared with the control, indicating that NO effectively increased FOCM flux by affecting the activity of FOCM enzymes. Meanwhile, NO increased the activities of H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, cytochrome c oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, and the contents of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate, and maintained high energy charge in peaches during storage. NO retarded the increase in mitochondrial permeability transition, reactive oxygen species content, and the decrease in mitochondrial membrane fluidity, membrane potential, and swelling. NT treatment exhibited the opposite results. In conclusion, these results suggested that NO could induce the accumulation of folate and FOCM flux and maintain mitochondrial energy levels, which might be responsible for maintaining the quality of peaches during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shuhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Changbao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jianrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Xue D, Tao M, Jiang F, Jia B, Li Y, Huang G, Hu Z. Characterization of a new selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductase from Haematococcus pluvialis and its antioxidant activity in response to high light intensity, hydrogen peroxide, glyphosate, and cadmium exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113903. [PMID: 35870349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium incorporates into selenocysteine (Sec) which is a key component of selenoproteins implicated in antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) play crucial roles in cellular defense against environmental stress. Whereas mammals have the MsrB selenoprotein form, unicellular organisms have MsrA. The Sec residue at the conserved catalytic sites of selenoprotein MsrA confers a metabolic advantage over the non-selenoprotein type MsrA. In the present study, the novel selenoprotein HpMsrA from Haematococcus pluvialis was cloned by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends and transformed into the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Alignment of homologs revealed the presence of the conserved catalytic domain GUFW and showed that the HpMsrA protein comprises Sec (U) at the N-terminus but no recycled Cys at the C-terminus. We studied the response of HpMsrA expression to selenite, high light intensity, hydrogen peroxide, cadmium nitrate, and glyphosate exposure via real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme activity analysis. The results demonstrated that HpMsrA protects cellular proteins against oxidative and environmental stressors. Compared with wild type C. reinhardtii, the transformant exhibited a superior antioxidant ability. The discoveries made herein shed light on the antioxidant physiology and environmental stress resistance mechanisms of the selenoproteins in microalgae. This information may aid in conducting environmental risk assessments of aquatic ecosystems involving microalgae known to respond rapidly and quantitatively to abiotic stress factors promoting excessive reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengfeng Xue
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Fajun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Beibu Gulf Marine Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Youhao Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanqin Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China.
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6
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Xue B, Li H, Liu S, Feng Q, Xu Y, Deng R, Chen S, Wang J, Li X, Wan M, Tang S, Zhu H. The redox cycling of STAT2 maintains innate immune homeostasis. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111215. [PMID: 35977519 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are essential in antiviral defense, antitumor effects, and immunoregulatory activities. Although methionine oxidation is associated with various physiological and pathophysiological processes in plants, animals, and humans, its role in immunity remains unclear. We find that the redox cycling of signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) is an intrinsic cellular biological process, and that impairment of the redox status contributes to STAT2 methionine oxidation, inhibiting its activation. IFN protects STAT2 from methionine oxidation through the recruitment of methionine sulfoxide reductase MSRB2, whose enzymatic activity is enhanced by N-acetyltransferase 9 (NAT9), a chaperone of STAT2 defined in this study, upon IFN treatment. Consequently, loss of Nat9 renders mice more susceptible to viral infection. Our study highlights the key function of methionine oxidation in immunity, which provides evidence for the decline of immune function by aging and may provide insights into the clinical applications of IFN in immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xue
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiyi Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rilin Deng
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengwen Chen
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengyu Wan
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Tang
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haizhen Zhu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Center of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Translational Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Nasreen M, Nair RP, McEwan AG, Kappler U. The Peptide Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase (MsrAB) of Haemophilus influenzae Repairs Oxidatively Damaged Outer Membrane and Periplasmic Proteins Involved in Nutrient Acquisition and Virulence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081557. [PMID: 36009276 PMCID: PMC9404787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfoxide-damage repair mechanisms are emerging as essential for the virulence of bacterial pathogens, and in the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae the periplasmic MsrAB peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase is necessary for resistance to reactive chlorine species such as hypochlorite. Additionally, this enzyme has a role in modulating the host immune response to infection. Here, we have analysed the enzymatic properties of MsrAB, which revealed that both domains of the protein are catalytically active, with the turnover number of the MsrA domain being 50% greater than that for the MsrB domain. MsrAB was active with small molecular sulfoxides as well as oxidised calmodulin, and maximal activity was observed at 30°C, a temperature close to that found in the natural niche of H. influenzae, the nasopharynx. Analyses of differential methionine oxidation identified 29 outer membrane and periplasmic proteins that are likely substrates for MsrAB. These included the LldD lactate dehydrogenase and the lipoprotein eP4 that is involved in NAD and hemin metabolism in H. influenzae. Subsequent experiments showed that H. influenzae MsrAB can repair oxidative damage to methionines in purified eP4 with up to 100% efficiency. Our work links MsrAB to the maintenance of different adhesins and essential metabolic processes in the H. influenzae, such as NAD metabolism and access to L-lactate, which is a key growth substrate for H. influenzae during infection.
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Peng T, Cheng X, Chen Y, Yang J. Sulfoxide Reductases and Applications in Biocatalytic Preparation of Chiral Sulfoxides: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:714899. [PMID: 34490206 PMCID: PMC8417374 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.714899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral sulfoxides are valuable organosulfur compounds that have been widely used in medicinal and organic synthesis. Biocatalytic approaches for preparing chiral sulfoxides were developed in the past few years, mainly through asymmetric oxidation of prochiral sulfides. Recently, the application of sulfoxide reductase to prepare chiral sulfoxides through kinetic resolution has emerged as a new method, exhibiting extraordinary catalytic properties. This article reviews the chemical and biological functions of these sulfoxide reductases and highlights their applications in chiral sulfoxide preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Indhu MS, Nanjundappa S, Muttu R, Vikramaditya U, Mahawar M, Sarkar M, Guttula TS, Bhure S. Molecular Expression of Bioactive Recombinant Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A (MsrA). Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:11-17. [PMID: 32586239 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200625201628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during cryopreservation of semen, leads to oxidation of biomolecules affecting the functionality of spermatozoa. Methionine residues in proteins are highly prone to oxidation and get converted into methionine sulfoxide (MetO). Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) can improve the functionality of spermatozoa by reducing the MetO to methionine restoring the lost functionality of the affected proteins. OBJECTIVE The expression of catalytically active recombinant MsrA (rMsrA). METHODS The msrA gene was PCR amplified, cloned and sequenced. Further, the recombinant clone was used for protein expression and purification. The protein was getting precipitated during dialysis in Tris-buffer. Hence, the purified rMsrA was dialyzed at 4°C against the Tris-buffer pH 7.5 containing MgCl2, KCl, NaCl, urea and triton X-100. During dialysis, changes of buffer were done at every 12 h interval with stepwise reduction in the concentrations of NaCl, urea and triton X-100. The final dialysis was done with buffer containing 10 mM MgCl2, 30 mM KCl, and 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5. The activity of the rMsrA was checked spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The protein BLAST of buffalo MsrA with bovine sequence showed 14 amino acid mismatches. The rMsrA has been purified under denaturing conditions as it was forming inclusion bodies consistently during protein expression. After renaturation, the purified 33 kDa rMsrA was catalytically active by biochemical assay. CONCLUSION The rMsrA expressed in prokaryotic system is catalytically active and can be used for supplementation to semen extender to repair the oxidatively damaged seminal plasma proteins that occur during cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Indhu
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Shruthi Nanjundappa
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Ramamoorthy Muttu
- Division of Animal Reproduction, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Upmanyu Vikramaditya
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Manish Mahawar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Taru Sharma Guttula
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Sanjeevkumar Bhure
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar - 243122, Bareilly, U.P., India
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10
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Das K, Garnica O, Flores J, Dhandayuthapani S. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) modulates cells and protects against Mycoplasma genitalium induced cytotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:323-335. [PMID: 32222467 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is a ubiquitous antioxidant repair enzyme which specifically reduces the oxidized methionine (Met-O) in proteins to methionine (Met). Previous studies have shown that lack of or overexpression of MsrA in cells affects the function of proteins and can lead to altered cellular processes. Interestingly, some pathogenic bacteria secrete and/or carry MsrA on their surface, suggesting some key roles for this enzyme in the modulation of host cellular processes. Therefore, we investigated how exogenously added MsrA affects the ability of the host cells in combating infection by using an in vitroMycoplasma genitalium cytotoxicity model. HeLa cells pretreated with MsrA and infected with M. genitalium showed significantly lower necrosis (cytotoxicity) than untreated cells infected with M. genitalium. Intriguingly, necrotic cell death pathway specific real time RT-PCR revealed that M. genitalium infection upregulates the expression of the TNF gene in HeLa cells and that MsrA pretreatment of the cells downregulates its expression significantly. Consistent with this, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that HeLa cells pretreated with MsrA secreted reduced levels of TNF-α following M. genitalium infection. Also, our study demonstrates that MsrA treatment of cells affects the phosphorylation status of transcriptional regulators such as NF-кB, JNK and p53 that regulate different cytokines. Further, fluorescent microscopy showed the cellular uptake of exogenously added MsrA fused with red fluorescent protein (MsrA-RFP). Altogether, our results suggest that secreted MsrA may help pathogens to modulate host cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Das
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Omar Garnica
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Javier Flores
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA.
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11
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Yang J, Wen Y, Peng L, Chen Y, Cheng X, Chen Y. Identification of MsrA homologues for the preparation of (R)-sulfoxides at high substrate concentrations. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3381-3388. [PMID: 30860233 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) homologue with extremely high substrate tolerance and a wide substrate scope for the biocatalytic preparation of enantiopure sulfoxides. This MsrA homologue which was obtained from Pseudomonas alcaliphila (named paMsrA) showed good activity and enantioselectivity towards a series of aryl methyl/ethyl sulfoxides 1a-1k, with electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents at the aromatic ring. Chiral sulfoxides in the R configuration were prepared with approximately 50% of yield and up to 99% enantiomeric excess through the asymmetric reductive resolution of racemic sulfoxide catalyzed by the recombinant paMsrA protein. More importantly, kinetic resolution has been successfully accomplished with high enantioselectivity (E > 200) at initial substrate concentrations up to 320 mM (approximately 45 g L-1), which represents a great improvement in the aspect of the substrate concentration for the biocatalytic preparation of chiral sulfoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou province, P.R. China
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12
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Acheampong KK, Kokona B, Braun GA, Jacobsen DR, Johnson KA, Charkoudian LK. Colorimetric Assay Reports on Acyl Carrier Protein Interactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15589. [PMID: 31666546 PMCID: PMC6821831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to produce new molecules of potential pharmaceutical relevance via combinatorial biosynthesis hinges on improving our understanding of acyl-carrier protein (ACP)-protein interactions. However, the weak and transient nature of these interactions makes them difficult to study using traditional spectroscopic approaches. Herein we report that converting the terminal thiol of the E. coli ACP 4'-phosphopantetheine arm into a mixed disulfide with 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate ion (TNB-) activates this site to form a selective covalent cross-link with the active site cysteine of a cognate ketoacyl synthase (KS). The concomitant release of TNB2-, which absorbs at 412 nm, provides a visual and quantitative measure of mechanistically relevant ACP-KS interactions. The colorimetric assay can propel the engineering of biosynthetic routes to novel chemical diversity by providing a high-throughput screen for functional hybrid ACP-KS partnerships as well as the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents by enabling the rapid identification of small molecule inhibitors of ACP-KS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi K Acheampong
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041-1391, USA
| | - Bashkim Kokona
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041-1391, USA
| | - Gabriel A Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041-1391, USA
| | | | - Karl A Johnson
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, 19041-1391, USA.
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Peng L, Wen Y, Chen Y, Yuan Z, Zhou Y, Cheng X, Chen Y, Yang J. Biocatalytic Preparation of Chiral Sulfoxides through Asymmetric Reductive Resolution by Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liaotian Peng
- Department of Biochemistry; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 P.R. China
| | - Yuanmei Wen
- Department of Biochemistry; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Generic Drug Research Centre of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering, Research Centre of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 P.R. China
| | - Zhimei Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 P.R. China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- Generic Drug Research Centre of Guizhou Province, Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering, Research Centre of Guizhou Province; School of Pharmacy; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry; Zunyi Medical University; Zunyi 563000 P.R. China
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Guan XL, Wu PF, Wang S, Zhang JJ, Shen ZC, Luo H, Chen H, Long LH, Chen JG, Wang F. Dimethyl sulfide protects against oxidative stress and extends lifespan via a methionine sulfoxide reductase A-dependent catalytic mechanism. Aging Cell 2017; 16:226-236. [PMID: 27790859 PMCID: PMC5334523 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is a key endogenous antioxidative enzyme with longevity benefits in animals. Only very few approaches have been reported to enhance MsrA function. Recent reports have indicated that the antioxidant capability of MsrA may involve a Met oxidase activity that facilities the reaction of Met with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, we used a homology modeling approach to search the substrates for the oxidase activity of MsrA. We found that dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a main metabolite that produced by marine algae, emerged as a good substrate for MsrA‐catalytic antioxidation. MsrA bounds to DMS and promoted its antioxidant capacity via facilitating the reaction of DMS with ROS through a sulfonium intermediate at residues Cys72, Tyr103, and Glu115, followed by the release of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMS reduced the antimycin A‐induced ROS generation in cultured PC12 cells and alleviated oxidative stress. Supplement of DMS exhibited cytoprotection and extended longevity in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. MsrA knockdown abolished the cytoprotective effect and the longevity benefits of DMS. Furthermore, we found that the level of physiologic DMS was at the low micromolar range in different tissues of mammals and its level decreased after aging. This study opened a new window to elucidate the biological role of DMS and other low‐molecular sulfides in the cytoprotection and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
- Department of Pharmacy; Wuhan Puai Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430033 China
| | - Peng-Fei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST); Ministry of Education of China; Wuhan 430030 China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430030 China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases; The Institute of Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Zu-Cheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Han Luo
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST); Ministry of Education of China; Wuhan 430030 China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430030 China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases; The Institute of Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST); Ministry of Education of China; Wuhan 430030 China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430030 China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases; The Institute of Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST); Ministry of Education of China; Wuhan 430030 China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430030 China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases; The Institute of Brain Research; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science; Wuhan 430030 China
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Wu Y, Xie G, Xu Y, Ma L, Tong C, Fan D, Du F, Yu H. PEP-1-MsrA ameliorates inflammation and reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. J Transl Med 2015; 13:316. [PMID: 26410585 PMCID: PMC4584131 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is a potent intracellular oxidoreductase and serves as an essential factor that protects cells against oxidative damage. However, therapeutic use of exogenous MsrA in oxidative stress-induced diseases is limited, because it cannot enter the cells. The aim of this study is to investigate whether MsrA with PEP-1, a cell penetrating peptide, fused to its N-terminus can protect against oxidative stress in macrophages and can attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. METHODS MsrA and the fusion protein PEP-1-MsrA were expressed and purified using a pET28a expression system. Transduction of the fusion protein into macrophages was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis levels were measured by flow cytometry. In in vivo study, MsrA or PEP-1-MsrA proteins were intraperitoneally injected into apoE(-/-) mice fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Plasma lipids levels, inflammatory gene expression, and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were assessed. Atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by Oil Red O staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PEP-1-MsrA could penetrate the cells and significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis in H2O2-treated macrophages. It also decreased TNFα and IL-1β mRNA levels and increased the IL-10 mRNA level in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. In in vivo study, PEP-1-MsrA injection significantly increased plasma PON1 and SOD activities and decreased plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) level compared to the injection of vehicle control or MsrA. In PEP-1-MsrA injected mice, hepatic PON1 levels were increased, while the expression of TNFα and IL-6 mRNA in the liver was suppressed. Although plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not change, the aortic atherosclerosis in PEP-1-MsrA treated mice was significantly reduced. This was accompanied by a reduction of total and apoptotic macrophages in the lesions. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that PEP-1-MsrA may be a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Guanghui Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Chuanfeng Tong
- Cardiology Division of Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Fen Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 Donghu Road, Bldg. 2, 2-209, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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Achilli C, Ciana A, Minetti G. The discovery of methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes: An historical account and future perspectives. Biofactors 2015; 41:135-52. [PMID: 25963551 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
L-Methionine (L-Met) is the only sulphur-containing proteinogenic amino acid together with cysteine. Its importance is highlighted by it being the initiator amino acid for protein synthesis in all known living organisms. L-Met, free or inserted into proteins, is sensitive to oxidation of its sulfide moiety, with formation of L-Met sulfoxide. The sulfoxide could not be inserted into proteins, and the oxidation of L-Met in proteins often leads to the loss of biological activity of the affected molecule. Key discoveries revealed the existence, in rats, of a metabolic pathway for the reduction of free L-Met sulfoxide and, later, in Escherichia coli, of the enzymatic reduction of L-Met sulfoxide inserted in proteins. Upon oxidation, the sulphur atom becomes a new stereogenic center, and two stable diastereoisomers of L-Met sulfoxide exist. A fundamental discovery revealed the existence of two unrelated families of enzymes, MsrA and MsrB, whose members display opposite stereospecificity of reduction for the two sulfoxides. The importance of Msrs is additionally emphasized by the discovery that one of the only 25 selenoproteins expressed in humans is a Msr. The milestones on the road that led to the discovery and characterization of this group of antioxidant enzymes are recounted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Achilli
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annarita Ciana
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Minetti
- Laboratories of Biochemistry, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Fan H, Wu PF, Zhang L, Hu ZL, Wang W, Guan XL, Luo H, Ni M, Yang JW, Li MX, Chen JG, Wang F. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A negatively controls microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via inhibiting ROS/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways through a catalytic antioxidant function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:832-47. [PMID: 25602783 PMCID: PMC4367238 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative burst is one of the earliest biochemical events in the inflammatory activation of microglia. Here, we investigated the potential role of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), a key antioxidant enzyme, in the control of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. RESULTS MsrA was detected in rat microglia and its expression was upregulated on microglial activation. Silencing of MsrA exacerbated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of microglia and the production of inflammatory markers, indicating that MsrA may function as an endogenous protective mechanism for limiting uncontrolled neuroinflammation. Application of exogenous MsrA by transducing Tat-rMsrA fusion protein into microglia attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammatory events, which was indicated by an increased Iba1 (a specific microglial marker) expression and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and this attenuation was accompanied by inhibiting multiple signaling pathways such as p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB). These effects were due to MsrA-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, which may be derived from a catalytic effect of MsrA on the reaction of methionine with ROS. Furthermore, the transduction of Tat-rMsrA fusion protein suppressed the activation of microglia and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in a rat model of neuroinflammation in vivo. INNOVATION This study provides the first direct evidence for the biological significance of MsrA in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Our data provide a profound insight into the role of endogenous antioxidative defense systems such as MsrA in the control of microglial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan City, China
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Arrest defective 1 regulates the oxidative stress response in human cells and mice by acetylating methionine sulfoxide reductase A. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1490. [PMID: 25341044 PMCID: PMC4649535 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) protects proteins from oxidation, and also helps remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) by recovering antioxidant enzymes inactivated by oxidation. Although its functions have been investigated extensively, little is known about the mechanism by which MSRA is regulated. Arrest defective 1 (ARD1) is an enzyme that catalyzes not only N-terminal acetylation as a cotranslational modification but also lysine acetylation as a posttranslational modification. ARD1, which is expressed in most cell types, is believed to participate in diverse biological processes, but its roles are poorly understood. Given that MSRA was hunted in a yeast two-hybrid screen with ARD1 as the bait, we here investigated whether ARD1 is a novel regulator of MSRA. ARD1 was shown to interact with and acetylate MSRA in both cells and test tubes. It specifically acetylated the K49 residue of MSRA, and by doing so repressed the enzymatic function of MSRA. ARD1 increased cellular levels of ROS, carbonylated proteins and DNA breaks under oxidative stress. Moreover, it promoted cell death induced by pro-oxidants, which was attenuated in MSRA-deficient cells. When mice were exposed to hyperoxic conditions for 2 days, their livers and kidneys were injured and protein carbonylation was increased. The oxidative tissue injury was more severe in ARD1 transgenic mice than in their wild-type littermates. In conclusion, ARD1 has a crucial role in the cellular response to oxidative stress as a bona fide regulator of MSRA. ARD1 is a potential target for ameliorating oxidative injury or for potentiating ROS-producing anticancer agents.
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