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Kikani B, Patel R, Thumar J, Bhatt H, Rathore DS, Koladiya GA, Singh SP. Solvent tolerant enzymes in extremophiles: Adaptations and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124051. [PMID: 36933597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-aqueous enzymology has always drawn attention due to the wide range of unique possibilities in biocatalysis. In general, the enzymes do not or insignificantly catalyze substrate in the presence of solvents. This is due to the interfering interactions of the solvents between enzyme and water molecules at the interface. Therefore, information about solvent-stable enzymes is scarce. Yet, solvent-stable enzymes prove quite valuable in the present day biotechnology. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates in solvents synthesizes commercially valuable products, such as peptides, esters, and other transesterification products. Extremophiles, the most valuable yet not extensively explored candidates, can be an excellent source to investigate this avenue. Due to inherent structural attributes, many extremozymes can catalyze and maintain stability in organic solvents. In the present review, we aim to consolidate information about the solvent-stable enzymes from various extremophilic microorganisms. Further, it would be interesting to learn about the mechanism adapted by these microorganisms to sustain solvent stress. Various approaches to protein engineering are used to enhance catalytic flexibility and stability and broaden biocatalysis's prospects under non-aqueous conditions. It also describes strategies to achieve optimal immobilization with minimum inhibition of the catalysis. The proposed review would significantly aid our understanding of non-aqueous enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh Kikani
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignasha Thumar
- Government Science College, Gandhinagar 382 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitarth Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Atmiya University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Dalip Singh Rathore
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopi A Koladiya
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Chen Y, Liu T, Lai Q, Dong C, Shao Z. Zunongwangia pacifica sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Western Pacific Ocean. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36748469 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zunongwangia is a group of marine bacteria with important industrial application potential and ecological functions. In this study, a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, strictly aerobic and bright yellow pigmented bacterial strain within this genus, designated C2-37M9T, was isolated from a surface seawater sample from the Philippine Basin in the Western Pacific Ocean. Strain C2-37M9T grew at 10-44 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 6-9 (pH 7) and in the presence of 0-12 % NaCl (w/v; 2-3 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that it belonged to the genus Zunongwangia and had 95.7-98.7 % sequence similarity to all type strains of this genus, with the highest value corresponding to Zunongwangia profunda (98.7 %). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values between strain C2-37M9T and all valid type strains were 27.5-32.3, 83.8-86.7 and 86.9-89.0 %, respectively. The principal fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0, summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1 ω9c), iso-C15 : 1 G and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c and/or C16 : 1 ω7c). The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6. The polar lipids were one phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown glycolipids, three unidentified aminolipids and six unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain C2-37M9T was 36.7 mol%. Based on phylogenetic results and genomic-based relatedness indices, as well as phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain C2-37M9T represents a novel species within the genus Zunongwangia, for which the name Zunongwangia pacifica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C2-37M9T (=MCCC M21534T=KCTC 82852T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China.,College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China.,College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, PR China
| | - Qiliang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Chunming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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3
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Nazarian Z, Arab SS. Discovery of carboxylesterases via metagenomics: Putative enzymes that contribute to chemical kinetic resolution. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Sustainable Biosynthesis of Esterase Enzymes of Desired Characteristics of Catalysis for Pharmaceutical and Food Industry Employing Specific Strains of Microorganisms. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactions catalysed by sustainably produced enzymes can contribute to the bioeconomy supporting several industries. Low-value compounds can be transformed into added-value products or high-resolution chemicals could be prepared in reactions catalysed by biocatalyst esterase enzymes. These enzymes can be synthesised by purposely isolated or genetically modified strains of microorganisms. Enzymes belonging to the hydrolase family catalyse the formation and hydrolysis of ester bonds to produce the desired esterified molecule. The synthesis of homo-chiral compounds can be accomplished either by chemical or biocatalytic processes, the latter being preferred with the use of microbial esterases. For varied applications, esterases with high stability and retained activity at lower and higher temperatures have been produced with strains isolated from extreme environments. For sustainable production of enzymes, higher productivity has been achieved by employing fast-growing Escherichia coli after incorporating plasmids of required characteristics from specific isolates. This is a review of the isolated and engineered strains used in the biosynthesis of esterase of the desired property, with the objective of a sustainable supply of enzymes, to produce products of industrial importance contributing to the economy.
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Lu M, Schneider D, Daniel R. Metagenomic Screening for Lipolytic Genes Reveals an Ecology-Clustered Distribution Pattern. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:851969. [PMID: 35756004 PMCID: PMC9226776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.851969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipolytic enzymes are one of the most important enzyme types for application in various industrial processes. Despite the continuously increasing demand, only a small portion of the so far encountered lipolytic enzymes exhibit adequate stability and activities for biotechnological applications. To explore novel and/or extremophilic lipolytic enzymes, microbial consortia in two composts at thermophilic stage were analyzed using function-driven and sequence-based metagenomic approaches. Analysis of community composition by amplicon-based 16S rRNA genes and transcripts, and direct metagenome sequencing revealed that the communities of the compost samples were dominated by members of the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi. Function-driven screening of the metagenomic libraries constructed from the two samples yielded 115 unique lipolytic enzymes. The family assignment of these enzymes was conducted by analyzing the phylogenetic relationship and generation of a protein sequence similarity network according to an integrated classification system. The sequence-based screening was performed by using a newly developed database, containing a set of profile Hidden Markov models, highly sensitive and specific for detection of lipolytic enzymes. By comparing the lipolytic enzymes identified through both approaches, we demonstrated that the activity-directed complements sequence-based detection, and vice versa. The sequence-based comparative analysis of lipolytic genes regarding diversity, function and taxonomic origin derived from 175 metagenomes indicated significant differences between habitats. Analysis of the prevalent and distinct microbial groups providing the lipolytic genes revealed characteristic patterns and groups driven by ecological factors. The here presented data suggests that the diversity and distribution of lipolytic genes in metagenomes of various habitats are largely constrained by ecological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Zhang H, Cheng Z, Wei L, Yu X, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Semi-rational protein engineering of a novel esterase from Bacillus aryabhattai (BaCE) for resolution of (R,S)-ethyl indoline-2-carboxylate to prepare (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Dutta B, Nigam VK, Panja AS, Shrivastava S, Bandopadhyay R. Statistical optimisation of esterase from Salinicoccus roseus strain RF1H and its potential application in synthetic dye decolorisation. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2021.2010718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhramar Dutta
- Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Nigam
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
| | - Anindya Sundar Panja
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Burdwan, India
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Characterization of EstDR4, a Novel Cold-Adapted Insecticides-Metabolizing Esterase from Deinococcus radiodurans. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cold-adapted esterases are attracting increasing attention owing to their prospective use in biotechnology. In this study, a novel cold-adapted family Ⅳ esterase EstDR4 was identified and obtained from extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans). EstDR4 displayed significant substrate preference towards short and medium chain monoesters (C2–C12). It also showed regioselectivity, enantioselectivity and degradation effects on four insecticides. The optimum temperature and pH for EstDR4 activity were 30 °C and pH 8, respectively. Additionally, EstDR4 exhibited relatively high catalytic activity at 0 °C and high stability from 10–40 °C, with over 80% of its initial activity retained after 1 h of incubation. Moreover, EstDR4 activity was stimulated by Tween 80 and Triton X-100, and inhibited by metal ions such as Co2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ and several organic solvents. Thus, this enzyme shows development potential for many industrial biotechnological applications, including the manufacture of thermolabile pharmaceutical products, cold-wash detergents and insecticide biodegradation.
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A Novel Carboxylesterase Derived from a Compost Metagenome Exhibiting High Stability and Activity towards High Salinity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010122. [PMID: 33478024 PMCID: PMC7835964 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Halotolerant lipolytic enzymes have gained growing interest, due to potential applications under harsh conditions, such as hypersalinity and presence of organic solvents. In this study, a lipolytic gene, est56, encoding 287 amino acids was identified by functional screening of a compost metagenome. Subsequently, the gene was heterologously expressed, and the recombinant protein (Est56) was purified and characterized. Est56 is a mesophilic (Topt 50 °C) and moderate alkaliphilic (pHopt 8) enzyme, showing high thermostability at 30 and 40 °C. Strikingly, Est56 is halotolerant as it exhibited high activity and stability in the presence of up to 4 M NaCl or KCl. Est56 also displayed enhanced stability against high temperatures (50 and 60 °C) and urea (2, 4, and 6 M) in the presence of NaCl. In addition, the recently reported halotolerant lipolytic enzymes were summarized. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these enzymes into 13 lipolytic protein families. The majority (45%) including Est56 belonged to family IV. To explore the haloadaptation of halotolerant enzymes, the amino acid composition between halotolerant and halophilic enzymes was statistically compared. The most distinctive feature of halophilic from non-halophilic enzymes are the higher content of acidic residues (Asp and Glu), and a lower content of lysine, aliphatic hydrophobic (Leu, Met and Ile) and polar (Asn) residues. The amino acid composition and 3-D structure analysis suggested that the high content of acidic residues (Asp and Glu, 12.2%) and low content of lysine residues (0.7%), as well as the excess of surface-exposed acidic residues might be responsible for the haloadaptation of Est56.
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Characterization of a novel halotolerant esterase from Chromohalobacter canadensis isolated from salt well mine. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:430. [PMID: 32983823 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A esterase gene was characterized from a halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter canadensis which was originally isolated from a salt well mine. Sequence analysis showed that the esterase, named as EstSHJ2, contained active site serine encompassed by a conserved pentapeptide motif (GSSMG). The EstSHJ2 was classified into a new lipase/esterase family by phylogenetic association analysis. Molecular weight of EstSHJ2 was 26 kDa and the preferred substrate was p-NP butyrate. The EstSHJ2 exhibited a maximum activity at 2.5 M NaCl concentration. Intriguingly, the optimum temperature, pH and stability of EstSHJ2 were related to NaCl concentration. At 2.5 M NaCl concentration, the optimum temperature and pH of EstSHJ2 were 65 ℃ and pH 9.0, and enzyme remained 81% active after 80 ℃ treatment for 2 h. Additionally, the EstSHJ2 showed strong tolerance to metal ions and organic solvents. Among these, 10 mM K+, Ca2+ , Mg2+ and 30% hexane, benzene, toluene has significantly improved activity of EstSHJ2. The EstSHJ2 was the first reported esterase from Chromohalobacter canadensis, and may carry considerable potential for industrial applications under extreme conditions.
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Li Z, Zhu R, Liu Y, Li J, Gao H, Hu N. γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: transpeptidation activity enhancement and L-theanine production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109644. [PMID: 32912696 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
L-theanine, a unique amino acid in green tea with health benefits, can be enzymatically synthesized by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT; EC 2.3.2.2). Here, a salt-tolerant γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from a marine bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was expressed in Escherichia. coli BL21 (DE3) and was shown to be optimally active at 55 °C, pH 8.5 and alkali stable. A mutant, with higher transpeptidation activity, was obtained following two rounds of directed evolution using error-prone PCR and site-saturation mutagenesis. The mutation increased the ratio of transpeptidation to hydrolysis from 1.6 to 35.6. Additionally, Kinetic analysis exhibited 17.5% decrease of Km, 13.0-fold increase of Kcat, and 16.3-fold increase of Kcat/Km in mutant V319A/S437 G versus the wild-type. The 3-D modelling analysis revealed a tighter binding pocket in mutant V319A/S437 G. The frequency of hydrogen bond between donor substrate and two residues in the catalytic pocket (Gly437 and Thr375) was enhanced, which stabilized the ligand binding and thus improved the catalytic efficiency. The optimal conditions for the biocatalytic synthesis were determined as pH 10.0, 20 μg mL-1BaGT, 200 mM L-glutamine, 2 M ethylamine, and a reaction time of 5 h. The V319A/S437 G mutant was shown to increase the percentage yield of L-theanine from 58% to 83%. These results indicate the great potential of V319A/S437 G in L-theanine production after further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Runtao Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Yongqi Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Haofeng Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.
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Varrella S, Tangherlini M, Corinaldesi C. Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins as Untapped Reservoir of Polyextremophilic Prokaryotes of Biotechnological Interest. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020091. [PMID: 32019162 PMCID: PMC7074082 DOI: 10.3390/md18020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) are considered to be among the most extreme ecosystems on our planet, allowing only the life of polyextremophilic organisms. DHABs’ prokaryotes exhibit extraordinary metabolic capabilities, representing a hot topic for microbiologists and biotechnologists. These are a source of enzymes and new secondary metabolites with valuable applications in different biotechnological fields. Here, we review the current knowledge on prokaryotic diversity in DHABs, highlighting the biotechnological applications of identified taxa and isolated species. The discovery of new species and molecules from these ecosystems is expanding our understanding of life limits and is expected to have a strong impact on biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Varrella
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Adıgüzel AO. Production and characterization of thermo-, halo- and solvent-stable esterase from Bacillus mojavensis TH309. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1715370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman Adıgüzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Letter Faculty, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Turkey
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14
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Activity-stability trade-off in random mutant proteins. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:405-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Characterization and improved properties of Glutamine synthetase from Providencia vermicola by site-directed mutagenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15640. [PMID: 30353099 PMCID: PMC6199252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel gene for Glutamine synthetase was cloned and characterized for its activities and stabilities from a marine bacterium Providencia vermicola (PveGS). A mutant S54A was generated by site directed mutagenesis, which showed significant increase in the activity and stabilities at a wide range of temperatures. The Km values of PveGS against hydroxylamine, ADP-Na2 and L-Glutamine were 15.7 ± 1.1, (25.2 ± 1.5) × 10-5 and 32.6 ± 1.7 mM, and the kcat were 17.0 ± 0.6, 9.14 ± 0.12 and 30.5 ± 1.0 s-1 respectively. In-silico-analysis revealed that the replacement of Ser at 54th position with Ala increased the catalytic activity of PveGS. Therefore, catalytic efficiency of mutant S54A had increased by 3.1, 0.89 and 2.9-folds towards hydroxylamine, ADP-Na2 and L-Glutamine respectively as compared to wild type. The structure prediction data indicated that the negatively charged pocket becomes enlarged and hydrogen bonding in Ser54 steadily promotes the product release. Interestingly, the residual activity of S54A mutant was increased by 10.7, 3.8 and 3.8 folds at 0, 10 and 50 °C as compared to WT. Structural analysis showed that S54A located on the loop near to the active site improved its flexibility due to the breaking of hydrogen bonds between product and enzyme. This also facilitated the enzyme to increase its cold adaptability as indicated by higher residual activity shown at 0 °C. Thus, replacement of Ala to Ser54 played a pivotal role to enhance the activities and stabilities at a wide range of temperatures.
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Ke M, Ramesh B, Hang Y, Liu Z. Engineering and characterization of a novel low temperature active and thermo stable esterase from marine Enterobacter cloacae. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:304-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Shehu D, Alias Z. Functional Role of Tyr12 in the Catalytic Activity of Novel Zeta-like Glutathione S-transferase from Acidovorax sp. KKS102. Protein J 2018; 37:261-269. [PMID: 29779193 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes that function in the detoxification of variety of electrophilic substrates. In the present work, we report a novel zeta-like GST (designated as KKSG9) from the biphenyl/polychlorobiphenyl degrading organism Acidovorax sp. KKS102. KKSG9 possessed low sequence similarity but similar biochemical properties to zeta class GSTs. Functional analysis showed that the enzyme exhibits wider substrate specificity compared to most zeta class GSTs by reacting with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), p-nitrobenzyl chloride (NBC), ethacrynic acid (EA), hydrogen peroxide, and cumene hydroperoxide. The enzyme also displayed dehalogenation function against dichloroacetate, permethrin, and dieldrin. The functional role of Tyr12 was also investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant (Y12C) displayed low catalytic activity and dehalogenation function against all the substrates when compared with the wild type. Kinetic analysis using NBC and GSH as substrates showed that the mutant (Y12C) displayed a higher affinity for NBC when compared with the wild type, however, no significant change in GSH affinity was observed. These findings suggest that the presence of tyrosine residue in the motif might represent an evolutionary trend toward improving the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The enzyme as well could be useful in the bioremediation of various types of organochlorine pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayyabu Shehu
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zazali Alias
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wijaya EC, Separovic F, Drummond CJ, Greaves TL. Stability and activity of lysozyme in stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquid (PIL)-water systems. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193838. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmy C. Wijaya
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Calum J. Drummond
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Tamar L. Greaves
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, VIC 3001, Australia
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Gao H, Li C, Bandikari R, Liu Z, Hu N, Yong Q. A novel cold-adapted esterase from Enterobacter cloacae: Characterization and improvement of its activity and thermostability via the site of Tyr193Cys. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:45. [PMID: 29554914 PMCID: PMC5858142 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In industries lipolytic reactions occur in insensitive conditions such as high temperature thus novel stout esterases with unique properties are attracts to the industrial application. Protein engineering is the tool to obtain desirable characters of enzymes. A novel esterase gene was isolated from South China Sea and subjected to a random mutagenesis and site directed mutagenesis for higher activity and thermo-stability compared to wild type. Results A novel esterase showed the highest hydrolytic activity against p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA, C2) and the optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 8.5. It was a cold-adapted enzyme and retained approximately 40% of its maximum activity at 0 °C. A mutant, with higher activity and thermo-stability was obtained by random mutagenesis. Kinetic analysis indicated that the mutant Val29Ala/Tyr193Cys shown 43.5% decrease in Km, 2.6-fold increase in Kcat, and 4.7-fold increase in Kcat/Km relative to the wild type. Single mutants V29A and Y193C were constructed and their kinetic parameters were measured. The results showed that the values of Km, Kcat, and Kcat/Km of V29A were similar to those of the wild type while Y193C showed 52.7% decrease in Km, 2.7-fold increase in Kcat, and 5.6-fold increase in Kcat/Km compared with the wild type. The 3-D structure and docking analysis revealed that the replacement of Tyr by Cys could enlarge the binding pocket. Moreover Y193C also showed a better thermo-stability for the reason its higher hydrophobicity and retained 67% relative activity after incubation for 3 h at 50 °C. Conclusions The superior quality of modified esterase suggested it has great potential application in extreme conditions and the mutational work recommended that important information for the study of esterase structure and function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0885-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Gao
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210018, China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Chanjuan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ramesh Bandikari
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziduo Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210018, China.
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21
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Rong Z, Huo YY, Jian SL, Wu YH, Xu XW. Characterization of a novel alkaline esterase from Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans CGMCC 1.7731 T. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:113-120. [PMID: 29099313 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1387559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel esterase gene (e25) was identified from Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans CGMCC 1.7731T by genome sequence screening. The e25 gene is 948 nucleotides in length and encodes a 315 amino acid protein (E25) with a predicted molecular mass of 33,683 Da. A phylogenetic tree revealed that E25 belongs to the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family of lipolytic enzymes. An activity assay of E25 showed that it exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency when using p-nitrophenyl caproate (C6) as a substrate. The optimum pH and temperature were determined to be approximately pH 9 and 45°C, and the Km and Vmax values were 0.12 mM and 1,772 µmol/min/mg, respectively. After an incubation at 40°C for 80 min, E25 retained 75% of its basal activity. The enzyme exhibited good tolerance to metal cations, such as Ba2+, Ca2+, and Cu2+ (10 mM), but its activity was strongly inhibited by Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. The E25 enzyme was stimulated by glycerol and retained over 60% of its basal activity in the presence of 1% Tween-80 and Triton X-100. Overall, the activity of E25 under alkaline conditions and its organic solvent and detergent tolerance indicate that E25 could be useful as a novel industrial catalyst in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Rong
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ying-Yi Huo
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shu-Ling Jian
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yue-Hong Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry , Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Hangzhou , China
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22
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Fan X, Liang M, Wang L, Chen R, Li H, Liu X. Aii810, a Novel Cold-Adapted N-Acylhomoserine Lactonase Discovered in a Metagenome, Can Strongly Attenuate Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1950. [PMID: 29067011 PMCID: PMC5641347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing (QS) to control virulence and biofilm formation. Enzymatic disruption of quorum sensing is a promising anti-infection therapeutic strategy that does not rely on antibiotics. Here, a novel gene (aii810) encoding an N-acylhomoserine lactonase was isolated from the Mao-tofu metagenome for the first time. Aii810 encoded a protein of 269 amino acids and was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in soluble form. It showed the highest activity at 20°C, and it maintained 76.5% of activity at 0°C and more than 50% activity at 0–40°C. The optimal pH was 8.0. It was stable in both neutral and slightly alkaline conditions and at temperatures below 40°C. The enzyme hydrolyzed several ρ-nitrophenyl esters, but its best substrate was ρ-nitrophenyl acetate. Its kcat and Km values were 347.7 S-1 and 205.1 μM, respectively. It efficiently degraded N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone and N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, exceeding hydrolysis rates of 72.3 and 100%, respectively. Moreover, Aii810 strongly attenuated P. aeruginosa virulence and biofilm formation. This enzyme with high anti-QS activity was the most cold-adapted N-acylhomoserine lactonase reported, which makes it an attractive enzyme for use as a therapeutic agent against P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingjun Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruo Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - He Li
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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23
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Fan X, Liang W, Li Y, Li H, Liu X. Identification and immobilization of a novel cold-adapted esterase, and its potential for bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated vegetables. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:149. [PMID: 28893251 PMCID: PMC5594479 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrethroids are potentially harmful to living organisms and ecosystems. Thus, concerns have been raised about pyrethroid residues and their persistence in agricultural products. To date, although several pyrethroid-hydrolyzing enzymes have been cloned, very few reports are available on pyrethroid-hydrolyzing enzymes with cold adaptation, high hydrolytic activity and good reusability, indispensable properties in practical bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated vegetables. RESULTS Here, a novel gene (est684) encoding pyrethroid-hydrolyzing esterase was isolated from the Mao-tofu metagenome for the first time. Est684 encoded a protein of 227 amino acids and was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in soluble form. The optimum temperature was 18 °C. It maintained 46.1% of activity at 0 °C and over 50% of its maximal activity at 4-35 °C. With the goal of enhancing stability and recycling biocatalysts, we used mesoporous silica SBA-15 as a nanometer carrier for the efficient immobilization of Est684 by the absorption method. The best conditions were an esterase-to-silica ratio of 0.96 mg/g (w/w) and an adsorption time of 30 min at 10 °C. Under these conditions, the recovery of enzyme activity was 81.3%. A large improvement in the thermostability of Est684 was achieved. The half-life (T1/2) of the immobilized enzyme at 35 °C was 6 h, 4 times longer than the soluble enzyme. Interestingly, the immobilized Est684 had less loss in enzyme activity up to 12 consecutive cycles, and it retained nearly 54% of its activity after 28 cycles, indicating excellent operational stability. Another noteworthy characteristic was its high catalytic activity. It efficiently hydrolyzed cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalreate in pyrethroid-contaminated cucumber within 5 min, reaching over 85% degradation efficiency after four cycles. CONCLUSIONS A novel cold-adapted pyrethroid-hydrolyzing esterase was screened from the Mao-tofu metagenome. This report is the first on immobilizing pyrethroid-hydrolyzing enzyme on mesoporous silica. The immobilized enzyme with high hydrolytic activity and outstanding reusability has a remarkable potential for bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated vegetables, and it is proposed as an industrial enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqu Liang
- Dongguan Agriculture Research Center, Dongguan, 523079, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Dongguan Agriculture Research Center, Dongguan, 523079, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 E. Outer Ring Rd., Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Rd, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Dong J, Gasmalla MAA, Zhao W, Sun J, Liu W, Wang M, Han L, Yang R. Characterization of a cold-adapted esterase and mutants from a psychotolerant Pseudomonas
sp. strain. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64:686-699. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammed A. A. Gasmalla
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Xinjiang Shihezi Vocational Technical College; Shihezi Xinjiang People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Han
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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25
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Zarafeta D, Moschidi D, Ladoukakis E, Gavrilov S, Chrysina ED, Chatziioannou A, Kublanov I, Skretas G, Kolisis FN. Metagenomic mining for thermostable esterolytic enzymes uncovers a new family of bacterial esterases. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38886. [PMID: 27991516 PMCID: PMC5171882 DOI: 10.1038/srep38886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysts exerting activity against ester bonds have a broad range of applications in modern biotechnology. Here, we have identified a new esterolytic enzyme by screening a metagenomic sample collected from a hot spring in Kamchatka, Russia. Biochemical characterization of the new esterase, termed EstDZ2, revealed that it is highly active against medium chain fatty acid esters at temperatures between 25 and 60 °C and at pH values 7-8. The new enzyme is moderately thermostable with a half-life of more than six hours at 60 °C, but exhibits exquisite stability against high concentrations of organic solvents. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EstDZ2 is likely an Acetothermia enzyme that belongs to a new family of bacterial esterases, for which we propose the index XV. One distinctive feature of this new family, is the presence of a conserved GHSAG catalytic motif. Multiple sequence alignment, coupled with computational modelling of the three-dimensional structure of EstDZ2, revealed that the enzyme lacks the largest part of the "cap" domain, whose extended structure is characteristic for the closely related Family IV esterases. Thus, EstDZ2 appears to be distinct from known related esterolytic enzymes, both in terms of sequence characteristics, as well as in terms of three-dimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Zarafeta
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Danai Moschidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Ladoukakis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sergey Gavrilov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center for Biotechnology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evangelia D. Chrysina
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilya Kublanov
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center for Biotechnology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Georgios Skretas
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Fragiskos N. Kolisis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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26
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Hang Y, Ran S, Wang X, Jiao J, Wang S, Liu Z. Mutational analysis and stability characterization of a novel esterase of lipolytic enzyme family VI from Shewanella sp. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:655-664. [PMID: 27632949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Esterases are widely used in different industries. Here, a novel esterase, Esth, with low identity with previously reported esterases, was identified and characterized. The results showed that Esth was a cold-adapted esterase and retained 50% of its maximum activity at 0°C. Besides, Esth showed great activity and stability in high concentrations of NaCl. When treated with some organic solvents, detergents and metal ions, Esth showed high activity as well. The kcat/Km value of Esth was 29.5s-1mM-1, suggesting that it has higher catalytic efficiency than all the previously reported esterases from the same family, lipolytic enzyme family VI. The structural modeling showed that changing Ala129 into Gly would form a new hydrogen bond between ser125 and Gly129 and make theα-helix longer, which might influence on the thermostability of enzymes (Kumar, 2000). To confirm this, the mutant EsthA129G was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis. The result indicated that EsthA129G retained over 70% of the activity versus 12% for Esth after incubation at 55°C for 120min, showed a nearly six fold increase when compared with wild type. Overall, Esth shows a potential application prospect in extreme conditions and the mutation research can provide some structural information about thermostable enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shi Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jingwen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ziduo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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27
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Santiago M, Ramírez-Sarmiento CA, Zamora RA, Parra LP. Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms, and Industrial Applications of Cold-Active Enzymes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1408. [PMID: 27667987 PMCID: PMC5016527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-active enzymes constitute an attractive resource for biotechnological applications. Their high catalytic activity at temperatures below 25°C makes them excellent biocatalysts that eliminate the need of heating processes hampering the quality, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of industrial production. Here we provide a review of the isolation and characterization of novel cold-active enzymes from microorganisms inhabiting different environments, including a revision of the latest techniques that have been used for accomplishing these paramount tasks. We address the progress made in the overexpression and purification of cold-adapted enzymes, the evolutionary and molecular basis of their high activity at low temperatures and the experimental and computational techniques used for their identification, along with protein engineering endeavors based on these observations to improve some of the properties of cold-adapted enzymes to better suit specific applications. We finally focus on examples of the evaluation of their potential use as biocatalysts under conditions that reproduce the challenges imposed by the use of solvents and additives in industrial processes and of the successful use of cold-adapted enzymes in biotechnological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Santiago
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - César A. Ramírez-Sarmiento
- Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo A. Zamora
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Loreto P. Parra
- Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocesses Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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28
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Villamil C, Del Portillo P, Monguí A. Clonación, expresión y caracterización de una nueva esterasa derivada de metagenomas de suelos agrícolas colombianos. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v18n2.61520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la bioprospección de ADN metagenómico derivado de comunidades microbianas asociadas a un agroecosistema de importancia nacional. Este análisis permitió realizar la producción, expresión, purificación y caracterización de una enzima novedosa con actividad esterasa. Esta enzima, denominada LipM, había sido previamente identificada en clones metagenómicos derivados de suelos dedicados al cultivo de papa criolla (Solanum pureja), mediante secuencia de nueva generación y análisis bioinformáticos. La secuencia codificante de la enzima fue clonada en el vector pBADgiii y expresada en E. coli como sistema de expresión, lo que permitió optimizar el proceso de producción recombinante y su posterior purificación.Funcionalmente la enzima presentó una mayor afinidad por sustratos de p-nitrofenil con ácidos grasos de cadena corta (<C8). LipM mostró completa funcionalidad a temperaturas entre 30 – 37 ºC y en valores de pH cercanos al fisiológico (entre 7.0 y 8.0). Igualmente, esta enzima exhibió buena estabilidad en presencia de varios iones metálicos, inhibidores y 0.1% (p/v) de SDS. Su alto nivel de estabilidad en presencia de iones metálicos e inhibidores, así como su particular especificidad en cuanto a sustratos, la hacen una enzima óptima para utilización en diferentes aplicaciones biotecnológicas.Palabras clave: metagenómica, enzima esterasa, caracterización, suelos, Lipasa/esterasa
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