1
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Ham S, Kim HJ, Shin N, Hwang JH, Oh SJ, Park JY, Joo JC, Kim HT, Bhatia SK, Yang YH. Continuous production of gamma aminobutyric acid by engineered and immobilized Escherichia coli whole-cells in a small-scale reactor system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 168:110258. [PMID: 37210798 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid and a human neurotransmitter. Recently, increasing demand for food additives and biodegradable bioplastic monomers, such as nylon 4, has been reported. Consequently, considerable efforts have been made to produce GABA through fermentation and bioconversion. To realize bioconversion, wild-type or recombinant strains harboring glutamate decarboxylase were paired with the cheap starting material monosodium glutamate, resulting in less by-product formation and faster production compared to fermentation. To increase the reusability and stability of whole-cell production systems, this study used an immobilization and continuous production system with a small-scale continuous reactor for gram-scale production. The cation type, alginate concentration, barium concentration, and whole-cell concentration in the beads were optimized and this optimization resulted in more than 95 % conversion of 600 mM monosodium glutamate to GABA in 3 h and reuse of the immobilized cells 15 times, whereas free cells lost all activity after the ninth reaction. When a continuous production system was applied after optimizing the buffer concentration, substrate concentration, and flow rate, 165 g of GABA was produced after 96 h of continuous operation in a 14-mL scale reactor. Our work demonstrates the efficient and economical production of GABA by immobilization and continuous production in a small-scale reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sion Ham
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jin Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Chungchung nam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Son J, Sohn YJ, Baritugo KA, Jo SY, Song HM, Park SJ. Recent advances in microbial production of diamines, aminocarboxylic acids, and diacids as potential platform chemicals and bio-based polyamides monomers. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108070. [PMID: 36462631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, bio-based manufacturing processes of value-added platform chemicals and polymers in biorefineries using renewable resources have extensively been developed for sustainable and carbon dioxide (CO2) neutral-based industry. Among them, bio-based diamines, aminocarboxylic acids, and diacids have been used as monomers for the synthesis of polyamides having different carbon numbers and ubiquitous and versatile industrial polymers and also as precursors for further chemical and biological processes to afford valuable chemicals. Until now, these platform bio-chemicals have successfully been produced by biorefinery processes employing enzymes and/or microbial host strains as main catalysts. In this review, we discuss recent advances in bio-based production of diamines, aminocarboxylic acids, and diacids, which has been developed and improved by systems metabolic engineering strategies of microbial consortia and optimization of microbial conversion processes including whole cell bioconversion and direct fermentative production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kei-Anne Baritugo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Xue C, Ng IS. A direct enzymatic evaluation platform (DEEP) to fine-tuning pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent proteins for cadaverine production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:272-283. [PMID: 36271696 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal phosphate, PLP) is an essential cofactor for multiple enzymatic reactions in industry. However, cofactor engineering based on PLP regeneration and related to the performance of enzymes in chemical production has rarely been discussed. First, we found that MG1655 strain was sensitive to nitrogen source and relied on different amino acids, thus the biomass was significantly reduced when PLP excess in the medium. Then, the six KEIO collection strains were applied to find out the prominent gene in deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway, where pdxB was superior in controlling cell growth. Therefore, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference (CRISPRi) targeted on pdxB in MG1655 was employed to establish a novel direct enzymatic evaluation platform (DEEP) as a high-throughput tool and obtained the optimal modules for incorporating of PLP to enhance the biomass and activity of PLP-dependent enzymes simultaneously. As a result, the biomass has increased by 55% using PlacI promoter driven pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PdxH) with a trace amount of precursor. When the strains incorporated DEEP and lysine decarboxylase (CadA), the cadaverine productivity was increased 32% due to the higher expression of CadA. DEEP is not only feasible for high-throughput screening of the best chassis for PLP engineering but also practical in fine-tuning the quantity and quality of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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4
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Son J, Baritugo KA, Sohn YJ, Kang KH, Kim HT, Joo JC, Park SJ. Production of γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) in Recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum by Expression of Glutamate Decarboxylase Active at Neutral pH. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29106-29115. [PMID: 36033683 PMCID: PMC9404463 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) is an important chemical by itself and can be further used for the production of monomer used for the synthesis of biodegradable polyamides. Until now, GABA production usingCorynebacterium glutamicum harboring glutamate decarboxylases (GADs) has been limited due to the discrepancy between optimal pH for GAD activity (pH 4.0) and cell growth (pH 7.0). In this study, we developed recombinant C. glutamicum strains expressing mutated GAD from Escherichia coli (EcGADmut) and GADs from Lactococcus lactis CICC20209 (LlGAD) and Lactobacillus senmaizukei (LsGAD), all of which showed enhanced pH stability and adaptability at a pH of approximately 7.0. In shake flask cultivations, the GABA productions of C. glutamicum H36EcGADmut, C. glutamicum H36LsGAD, and C. glutamicum H36LlGAD were examined at pH 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0, respectively. Finally, C. glutamicum H36EcGADmut (40.3 and 39.3 g L-1), H36LlGAD (42.5 and 41.1 g L-1), and H36LsGAD (41.6 and 40.2 g L-1) produced improved GABA titers and yields in batch fermentation at pH 6.0 and pH 7.0, respectively, from 100 g L-1 glucose. The recombinant strains developed in this study could be used for the establishment of sustainable direct fermentative GABA production from renewable resources under mild culture conditions, thus increasing the availability of various GADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Son
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in
System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha
Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kei-Anne Baritugo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in
System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha
Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Sohn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in
System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha
Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Kang
- Center
for Bio-based Chemistry, Division of Specialty and Bio-based Chemical
Technology, Korea Research Institute of
Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34602, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Catholic University
of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in
System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha
Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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5
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Ham S, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Choi YK, Jeon JM, Yoon JJ, Choi KY, Ahn J, Kim HT, Yang YH. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) production in Escherichia coli with pyridoxal kinase (pdxY) based regeneration system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 155:109994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.109994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Application of l-glutamate oxidase from Streptomyces sp. X119-6 with catalase (KatE) to whole-cell systems for glutaric acid production in Escherichia coli. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Whole-cell biocatalyst for cadaverine production using stable, constitutive and high expression of lysine decarboxylase in recombinant Escherichia coli W3110. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109811. [PMID: 34116745 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial production of industrial chemicals is a sustainable approach to reduce the dependence on petroleum-based chemicals such as acids, alcohols, and amines, in which the cadaverine is a natural diamide and serves as one of the key monomers for biopolymer production. In this study, the constitutive promoter J23100 driven lysine decarboxylase (CadA) for cadaverine production was established and compared in different Escherichia coli strains. The best chassis designed as JW, expressed the highest amount of CadA by using J23100 promoter, showing stable and high copy numbers (i.e., PCN > 100) when culture in the antibiotic-free medium. JW attained a CadA activity of 167 g-DAP/g-DCW-h and had the maximum biocatalyst of 45.6 g-DCW/L in fed-batch fermentation. In addition, JW was able to convert 2.5 M L-lysine to 221 g/L cadaverine, with 86 % yield and 55.3 g/L-h productivity. The whole-cell biocatalyst could be reused over four times at an average of 97 % conversion when supplied half of fresh cells in the reaction. This work developed a stable, constitutive expression, long-term preservation, high-level expression of CadA for DAP production, and paved an alternative opportunity of bio-nylon for industry in the future.
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8
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Xue C, Yu TH, Ng IS. Engineering pyridoxal kinase PdxY-integrated Escherichia coli strain and optimization for high-level 5-aminolevulinic acid production. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Lin JY, Xue C, Tan SI, Ng IS. Pyridoxal kinase PdxY mediated carbon dioxide assimilation to enhance the biomass in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-400. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124530. [PMID: 33340949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalga served as the promising bioresources due to the high efficiency of carbon dioxide conversion. However, the application of microalga is still restricted by low biomass, easier contamination, and high cost of production. To overcome the challenge, engineered Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-400 with pyridoxal kinase gene (pdxY) has demonstrated in this study. The results indicated CC-400 with pdxY reached enhanced algal biomass in three different systems, including flask, Two-layer Photo-Reactor (TPR) and airlift Photo-Bioreactor (PBR). The genetic strain PY9 cultured with 1% CO2 in the PBR showed a significant enhancement of biomass up to 1.442 g/L, a 2-times of that of the wild type. We also found the transcriptional levels of carbonic anhydrase (CA) dropped down in PY9 while higher levels of RuBisCo and pdxY occurred, thus the carbon dioxide assimilation under mixotrophic culture dramatically increased. We proofed that pdxY successfully mediated carbon dioxide utilization in CC-400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chengfeng Xue
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shih-I Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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10
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Improvement of cadaverine production in whole cell system with baker's yeast for cofactor regeneration. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:891-899. [PMID: 33486578 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadaverine, 1,5-diaminopentane, is one of the most promising chemicals for biobased-polyamide production and it has been successfully produced up to molar concentration. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is a critical cofactor for inducible lysine decarboxylase (CadA) and is required up to micromolar concentration level. Previously the regeneration of PLP in cadaverine bioconversion has been studied and salvage pathway pyridoxal kinase (PdxY) was successfully introduced; however, this system also required a continuous supply of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) for PLP regeneration from pyridoxal (PL) which add in cost. Herein, to improve the process further a method of ATP regeneration was established by applying baker's yeast with jhAY strain harboring CadA and PdxY, and demonstrated that providing a moderate amount of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) with the simple addition of baker's yeast could increase cadaverine production dramatically. After optimization of reaction conditions, such as PL, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, MgCl2, and phosphate buffer, we able to achieve high production (1740 mM, 87% yield) from 2 M L-lysine. Moreover, this approach could give averaged 80.4% of cadaverine yield after three times reactions with baker's yeast and jhAY strain. It is expected that baker's yeast could be applied to other reactions requiring an ATP regeneration system.
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11
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Osire T, Yang T, Xu M, Zhang X, Long M, Ngon NKA, Rao Z. Integrated gene engineering synergistically improved substrate-product transport, cofactor generation and gene translation for cadaverine biosynthesis in E. coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:8-17. [PMID: 33301846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several approaches for efficient production of cadaverine, a bio-based diamine with broad industrial applications have been explored. Here, Serratia marcescens lysine decarboxylase (SmcadA) was expressed in E. coli; mild surfactants added in biotransformation reactions; the E. coli native lysine/cadaverine antiporter cadB, E. coli pyridoxal kinases pdxK and pdxY overexpressed and synthetic RBS libraries screened. Addition of mild surfactants and overexpression of antiporter cadB increased cadaverine biosynthesis of SmcadA. Moreover, expression of pdxY gene yielded 19.82 g/L in a reaction mixture containing added cofactor precursor pyridoxal (PL), without adding exogenous PLP. The screened synthetic RBS1, applied to fully exploit pdxY gene expression, ultimately resulted in PLP self-sufficiency, producing 27.02 g/L cadaverine using strain T7R1_PL. To boost SmcadA catalytic activity, the designed mutants Arg595Lys and Ser512Ala had significantly improved cumulative cadaverine production of 219.54 and 201.79 g/L respectively compared to the wild-type WT (181.62 g/L), after 20 h reaction. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations for WT and variants indicated that increased flexibility at the binding sites of the protein enhanced residue-ligand interactions, contributing to high cadaverine synthesis. This work demonstrates potential of harnessing different pull factors through integrated gene engineering of efficient biocatalysts and gaining insight into the mechanisms involved through MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolbert Osire
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengfei Long
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Noelle Kewang A Ngon
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 LiHu Boulevard, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Zheng W, Chen K, Fang S, Cheng X, Xu G, Yang L, Wu J. Construction and Application of PLP Self-sufficient Biocatalysis System for Threonine Aldolase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109667. [PMID: 33051017 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of organic synthesis involve threonine aldolase (TA), a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme. Although the addition of exogenous PLP is necessary for the reactions, it increases the cost and complicates the purification of the product. This work constructed a PLP self-sufficient biocatalysis system for TA, which included an improvement of the intracellular PLP level and co-immobilization of TA with PLP. Engineered strain BL-ST was constructed by introducing PLP synthase PdxS/T to Escherichia coli BL21(ED3). The intracellular PLP concentration of the strain increased approximately fivefold to 48.5 μmol/gDCW. l-TA, from Bacillus nealsonii (BnLTA), was co-expressed in the strain BL-ST with PdxS/T, resulting in the engineered strain BL-BnLTA-ST. Compared with the control strain BL-BnLTA (254.1 U/L), the enzyme activity of the strain BL-BnLTA-ST reached 1518.4 U/L without the addition of exogenous PLP. An efficient co-immobilization system was then designed. The epoxy resin LX-1000HFA wrapped by polyethyleneimine (PEI) acted as a carrier to immobilize the crude enzyme solution of the strain BL-BnLTA-ST mixed with an extra 100 μM of exogenous PLP, resulting in the catalyst HFAPEI-BnLTA-STPLP 100. HFAPEI-BnLTA-STPLP 100 exhibited a half-life of approximately 450 h, and the application of the catalyst in the continuous biosynthesis of 3-[4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl] serine had more than 180 batch reactions (>60%conv) without the extra addition of exogenous PLP. The excellent compatibility and stability of the system were further confirmed by other TAs. This work introduced a PLP self-sufficient biocatalysis system that can reduce the cost of PLP and contribute to the industrial application of TA. In addition, the system may also be applied in other PLP-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sai Fang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiuli Cheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, China.
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13
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Han YH, Choi TR, Park YL, Park JY, Song HS, Kim HJ, Lee SM, Park SL, Lee HS, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Yang YH. Enhancement of pipecolic acid production by the expression of multiple lysine cyclodeaminase in the Escherichia coli whole-cell system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Xue C, Hsu KM, Ting WW, Huang SF, Lin HY, Li SF, Chang JS, Ng IS. Efficient biotransformation of l-lysine into cadaverine by strengthening pyridoxal 5’-phosphate-dependent proteins in Escherichia coli with cold shock treatment. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Han YH, Choi TR, Park YL, Song HS, Choi YK, Kim HJ, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Park K, Park SH, Kim W, Yang YH. Simultaneous monitoring of the bioconversion from lysine to glutaric acid by ethyl chloroformate derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2020; 597:113688. [PMID: 32194075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutaric acid is a precursor of a plasticizer that can be used for the production of polyester amides, ester plasticizer, corrosion inhibitor, and others. Glutaric acid can be produced either via bioconversion or chemical synthesis, and some metabolites and intermediates are produced during the reaction. To ensure reaction efficiency, the substrates, intermediates, and products, especially in the bioconversion system, should be closely monitored. Until now, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has generally been used to analyze the glutaric acid-related metabolites, although it demands separate time-consuming derivatization and non-derivatization analyses. To substitute for this unreasonable analytical method, we applied herein a gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method with ethyl chloroformate (ECF) derivatization to simultaneously monitor the major metabolites. We determined the suitability of GC-MS analysis using defined concentrations of six metabolites (l-lysine, cadaverine, 5-aminovaleric acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, glutamate, and glutaric acid) and their mass chromatograms, regression equations, regression coefficient values (R2), dynamic ranges (mM), and retention times (RT). This method successfully monitored the production process in complex fermentation broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hoon Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Lim Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong Ro 2639, Jochiwon, Sejong City, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong Ro 2639, Jochiwon, Sejong City, 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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16
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An environmentally friendly strategy for cadaverine bio-production: in situ utilization of CO2 self-released from L-lysine decarboxylation for pH control. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Kim S, Ahn JO, Kim KM, Lee CH. Effects of the mobile phase on the chromatographic separation of l-lysine and 5-aminovaleric acid. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Choi TR, Han YH, Park YL, Jung HR, Yang SY, Song HS, Yang YH. A clean and green approach for odd chain fatty acids production in Rhodococcus sp. YHY01 by medium engineering. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121383. [PMID: 31071574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Odd chain fatty acids serve as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal agents, and are useful for the production of biodiesel. Rhodococcus sp. YHY01 utilizes a wide range of carbon sources and accumulate lipids i.e. fructose (37% w/w dcw) glucose (56% w/w dcw), glycerol (50% w/w dcw), acetate (42% w/w dcw), butyrate (65% w/w dcw), lactate (56% w/w dcw), and propionate (62% w/w dcw). In this study, propionate was proved as the best carbon source and produced 69% odd chain fatty acids of total fatty acids, followed by glycerol (13% odd chain fatty acids of total fatty acids). A synthetic medium optimized with response surface design containing glycerol, propionate, and ammonium chloride (0.32%:0.76%:0.040% w/v) facilitated the production of total fatty acids 69% w/w of dcw, and odd chain fatty acids comprised 85% w/w of total fatty acids. Major odd chain fatty acids were in the order C17:0 > C15:0 > Cis-10-C17:1 > 10Me-C17:0 > C19:0 > Cis-10-C19:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and App1ications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Lim Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and App1ications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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19
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Moon YM, Yang SY, Choi TR, Jung HR, Song HS, Han YH, Park HY, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Park K, Kim JS, Yang YH. Enhanced production of cadaverine by the addition of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to whole cell system with regeneration of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and ATP. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 127:58-64. [PMID: 31088617 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cadaverine, also known as 1,5-pentanediamine, is an important platform chemical with a wide range of applications and can be produced either by fermentation or bioconversion. Bioconversion of cadaverine from l-lysine is the preferred method because of its many benefits, including rapid reaction time and an easy downstream process. In our previous study, we replaced pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) with pyridoxal kinase (PdxY) along with pyridoxal (PL) because it could achieve 80% conversion with 0.4 M of l-lysine in 6 h. However, conversion was sharply decreased in the presence of high concentrations of l-lysine (i.e., 1 M), resulting in less than 40% conversion after several hours. In this study, we introduced an ATP regeneration system using polyphosphate kinase (ppk) into systems containing cadaverine decarboxylase (CadA) and PdxY for a sufficient supply of PLP, which resulted in enhanced cadaverine production. In addition, to improve transport efficiency, the use of surfactants was tested. We found that membrane permeabilization via hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) increased the yield of cadaverine in the presence of high concentrations of l-lysine. By combining these two strategies, the ppk system and addition of CTAB, we enhanced cadaverine production up to 100% with 1 M of l-lysine over the course of 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Moon
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Jung
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Yeon Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoon Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong Ro 2639, Jochiwon, Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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20
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De Schouwer F, Claes L, Vandekerkhove A, Verduyckt J, De Vos DE. Protein-Rich Biomass Waste as a Resource for Future Biorefineries: State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1272-1303. [PMID: 30667150 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein-rich biomass provides a valuable feedstock for the chemical industry. This Review describes every process step in the value chain from protein waste to chemicals. The first part deals with the physicochemical extraction of proteins from biomass, hydrolytic degradation to peptides and amino acids, and separation of amino acid mixtures. The second part provides an overview of physical and (bio)chemical technologies for the production of polymers, commodity chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other fine chemicals. This can be achieved by incorporation of oligopeptides into polymers, or by modification and defunctionalization of amino acids, for example, their reduction to amino alcohols, decarboxylation to amines, (cyclic) amides and nitriles, deamination to (di)carboxylic acids, and synthesis of fine chemicals and ionic liquids. Bio- and chemocatalytic approaches are compared in terms of scope, efficiency, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Free De Schouwer
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Laurens Claes
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Annelies Vandekerkhove
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jasper Verduyckt
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dirk E De Vos
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, post box 2461, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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