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Ramshini E, Alaei H, Reisi P, Naghdi N, Afrozi H, Alaei S, Alehashem M, Eftekharvaghefi S. Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of GABA receptors antagonists on morphine-induced changes in GABA and GLU transmission within the mPFC: an in vivo microdialysis study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:246-250. [PMID: 31156783 PMCID: PMC6528724 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.28478.6925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Many studies have focused on ventral tegmental area than of other mesocorticolimbic areas, and implicated a key role for the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the development of addictive behaviors. So far, the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the discriminative properties of morphine has received little attention and few studies evaluated the role of these receptors in drug dependence. Hence, we investigated the role of this receptor on morphine- induced GABA/ glutamate (GLU) changes in the mPFC following morphine administration using in vivo microdialysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 rats weighing 270-300 g were divided into six groups. First, microdialysis probe was inserted into the mPFC and was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid and collected the baseline samples in all groups. In saline and morphine groups, the saline, in phaclophen and (phaclofen+morphine) groups, phaclofen (100 nmol), and in bicuculline and (bicuculline+morphine) groups, bicuculline (20 nmol) was injected intracerebroventricular. In saline, phaclofen and bicuculline groups 20 min later, animals received saline (0.2 ml, IP) and others groups received morphine (20 mg/kg, IP). Results: Our results showed that morphine increased the average concentration of GABA and decreased the concentration of GLU within mPFC. Pretreatment with phaclofen and bicuculline 20 min before morphine administration had no effect on GABA and GLU release for 100 min. Conclusion: The present study indicated that morphine influence the GABA and GLU transmission in mPFC. Therefore evaluation of neurochemistry changes of this neural circuitry may provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Ramshini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parham Reisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naser Naghdi
- Department of Physiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Alehashem
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Assessing seizure liability using multi-electrode arrays (MEA). Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 55:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liberato JL, Godoy LD, Cunha AOS, Mortari MR, de Oliveira Beleboni R, Fontana ACK, Lopes NP, Dos Santos WF. Parawixin2 Protects Hippocampal Cells in Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120486. [PMID: 30469496 PMCID: PMC6316435 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered as one of the major disabling neuropathologies. Almost one third of adult patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) do not respond to current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Additionally, most AEDs do not have neuroprotective effects against the inherent neurodegenerative process underlying the hippocampal sclerosis on TLE. Dysfunctions in the GABAergic neurotransmission may contribute not only to the onset of epileptic activity but also constitute an important system for therapeutic approaches. Therefore, molecules that enhance GABA inhibitory effects could open novel avenues for the understanding of epileptic plasticity and for drug development. Parawixin2, a compound isolated from Parawixia bistriata spider venom, inhibits both GABA and glycine uptake and has an anticonvulsant effect against a wide range of chemoconvulsants. The neuroprotective potential of Parawixin2 was analyzed in a model of TLE induced by a long-lasting Status Epilepticus (SE), and its efficiency was compared to well-known neuroprotective drugs, such as riluzole and nipecotic acid. Neuroprotection was assessed through histological markers for cell density (Nissl), astrocytic reactivity (GFAP) and cell death labeling (TUNEL), which were performed 24 h and 72 h after SE. Parawixin2 treatment resulted in neuroprotective effects in a dose dependent manner at 24 h and 72 h after SE, as well as reduced reactive astrocytes and apoptotic cell death. Based on these findings, Parawixin2 has a great potential to be used as a tool for neuroscience research and as a probe to the development of novel GABAergic neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Liberato
- Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory (LNP), Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Neuroscience Behavioral Institute (INEC), Av. do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lívea Dornela Godoy
- Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory (LNP), Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Neuroscience Behavioral Institute (INEC), Av. do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Olimpio Siqueira Cunha
- Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory (LNP), Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, DF 70910-900 Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Rene de Oliveira Beleboni
- Department of Biotechnology/School of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, 14096-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andréia C K Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- NPPNS, Department of Physics and Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, Av. do Cafe s/n, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Ferreira Dos Santos
- Neurobiology and Venoms Laboratory (LNP), Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Neuroscience Behavioral Institute (INEC), Av. do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Piantadosi PT, Khayambashi S, Schluter MG, Kutarna A, Floresco SB. Perturbations in reward-related decision-making induced by reduced prefrontal cortical GABA transmission: Relevance for psychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology 2016; 101:279-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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de Freitas RL, Bolognesi LI, Twardowschy A, Corrêa FMA, Sibson NR, Coimbra NC. Neuroanatomical and neuropharmacological approaches to postictal antinociception-related prosencephalic neurons: the role of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Brain Behav 2013; 3:286-301. [PMID: 23785660 PMCID: PMC3683288 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested the involvement of the hippocampus in the elaboration of epilepsy. There is evidence that suggests the hippocampus plays an important role in the affective and motivational components of nociceptive perception. However, the exact nature of this involvement remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the dorsal hippocampus (dH) in the organization of postictal analgesia. In a neuroanatomical study, afferent connections were found from the somatosensory cortex, the medial septal area, the lateral septal area, the diagonal band of Broca, and the dentate gyrus to the dH; all these areas have been suggested to modulate convulsive activity. Outputs to the dH were also identified from the linear raphe nucleus, the median raphe nucleus (MdRN), the dorsal raphe nucleus, and the locus coeruleus. All these structures comprise the endogenous pain modulatory system and may be involved either in postictal pronociception or antinociception that is commonly reported by epileptic patients. dH-pretreatment with cobalt chloride (1.0 mmol/L CoCl2/0.2 μL) to transiently inhibit local synapses decreased postictal analgesia 10 min after the end of seizures. Pretreatment of the dH with either atropine or mecamylamine (1.0 μg/0.2 μL) attenuated the postictal antinociception 30 min after seizures, while the higher dose (5.0 μg/0.2 μL) decreased postictal analgesia immediately after the end of seizures. These findings suggest that the dH exerts a critical role in the organization of postictal analgesia and that muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptor-mediated mechanisms in the dH are involved in the elaboration of antinociceptive processes induced by generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Leonardo de Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP) Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil ; Institute for Neuroscience and Behaviour, Campus Universitarius of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo (USP) Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-901, Brazil
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Reis GM, Dias QM, Silveira JWS, Del Vecchio F, Garcia-Cairasco N, Prado WA. Antinociceptive effect of stimulating the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2010; 11:1015-26. [PMID: 20418174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.01.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A role for the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in nociceptive processing has not been demonstrated yet, but connections from these cortices to brain structures involved in descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms were already demonstrated. This study demonstrated that the electrical stimulation of the occipital or retrosplenial cortex produces antinociception in the rat tail-flick and formalin tests. Bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus abolished the effect of cortical stimulation in the tail-flick test. Injection of glutamate into the same targets was also antinociceptive in the tail-flick test. No rats stimulated in the occipital or retrosplenial cortex showed any change in motor performance on the Rota-rod test, or had epileptiform changes in the EEG recording during or up to 3 hours after stimulation. The antinociception induced by occipital cortex stimulation persisted after neural block of the retrosplenial cortex. The effect of retrosplenial cortex stimulation also persisted after neural block of the occipital cortex. We conclude that stimulation of the occipital or retrosplenial cortex in rats leads to antinociception activating distinct descending pain-inhibitory mechanisms, and this is unlikely to result from a reduced motor performance or a postictal phenomenon. PERSPECTIVE This study presents evidence that stimulation of the retrosplenial or occipital cortex produces antinociception in rat models of acute pain. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of the cerebral cortex in control of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Melo Reis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Cleto Dal-Cól ML, Bertti P, Terra-Bustamante VC, Velasco TR, Araujo Rodrigues MC, Wichert-Ana L, Sakamoto AC, Garcia-Cairasco N. Is dystonic posturing during temporal lobe epileptic seizures the expression of an endogenous anticonvulsant system? Epilepsy Behav 2008; 12:39-48. [PMID: 17980674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) seizures, tonic or clonic motor behaviors (TCB) are commonly associated with automatisms, versions, and vocalizations, and frequently occur during secondary generalization. Dystonias are a common finding and appear to be associated with automatisms and head deviation, but have never been directly linked to generalized tonic or clonic behaviors. The objective of the present study was to assess whether dystonias and TCB are coupled in the same seizure or are associated in an antagonistic and exclusive pattern. Ninety-one seizures in 55 patients with TLE due to mesial temporal sclerosis were analyzed. Only patients with postsurgical seizure outcome of Engel class I or II were included. Presence or absence of dystonia and secondary generalization was recorded. Occurrence of dystonia and occurrence of bilateral tonic or clonic behaviors were negatively correlated. Dystonia and TCB may be implicated in exclusive, non-coincidental, or even antagonistic effects or phenomena in TLE seizures. A neural network related to the expression of one behavioral response (e.g., basal ganglia activation and dystonia) might theoretically "displace" brain activation or disrupt the synchronism of another network implicated in pathological circuit reverberation and seizure expression. The involvement of basal ganglia in the blockade of convulsive seizures has long been observed in animal models. The question is: Do dystonia and underlying basal ganglia activation represent an attempt of the brain to block imminent secondary generalization?
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Cleto Dal-Cól
- Neurophysiology and Experimental Neuroethology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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Rossetti F, Rodrigues MCA, de Oliveira JAC, Garcia-Cairasco N. EEG wavelet analyses of the striatum–substantia nigra pars reticulata–superior colliculus circuitry: Audiogenic seizures and anticonvulsant drug administration in Wistar audiogenic rats (War strain). Epilepsy Res 2006; 72:192-208. [PMID: 17150334 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNPr), striatum (STR) and superior colicullus (SC) in the blockade of experimental seizures is well known. But, in audiogenic seizures (brainstem tonic-clonic seizures), the anticonvulsant activity of these nuclei is still controversial. In the present study we aimed to analyze the STR-SNPr-CS circuitry in the audiogenic seizures of Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR). Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data were collected from WARs under no treatment or injection with systemic (phenobarbital) or intracerebral (intranigral) drugs (muscimol and phenobarbital). The main EEG frequency oscillation of STR, SNPr and SC seen before, during and after audiogenic seizures or during seizure protection, was determinated with wavelet spectral analyses. This method allows the association between behavior and EEG (video-EEG). Audiogenic seizures last only for half a minute in average, suggesting that the interruptions of seizures are probably not due to exhaustion. Systemic phenobarbital caused an acute and dose-dependent behavioral and EEGraphic anticonvulsant effect both in WARs. The dose of phenobarbital 15mg/kg protected animals almost completely, without side effects such as ataxia and sedation. In our data, this endogenous "natural" seizure blockade (or termination) seems to be similar to the "forced" seizure abolition, like the one caused by a systemic non-ataxic phenobarbital dose, because in both cases an intense decrease in the EEG main frequency oscillation can be seen in SNPr and SC. Intranigral phenobarbital or muscimol did not protect animals, and actually induced an increase in the main EEG frequency oscillation in SC. The main finding of the present study is that, in contrast to what is well believed about the incapacity to control audiogenic seizures by the striato-nigro-tectal circuitry, we collected here evidences that these nuclei are involved in the ability to block these seizures. However, the striato-nigro-tectal circuitry in WARs, a genetically developed strain, seems to have different functional mechanisms when compared with normal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Rossetti
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rodrigues MCA, Rossetti F, Foresti ML, Arisi GM, Furtado MA, Dal-Cól MLC, Bertti P, Fernandes A, Santos FL, Del Vecchio F, Garcia-Cairasco N. Correlation between shaking behaviors and seizure severity in five animal models of convulsive seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2005; 6:328-36. [PMID: 15820339 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Wet dog shakes (WDS) and head shakes (HS) are associated with experimentally induced convulsive seizures. We sought to determine whether these behaviors are correlated or not with major (status epilepticus (SE) or fully kindled animals) or minor (non-SE or partially kindled animals) seizure severity. WDS are directly correlated with SE induced by intracerebral star fruit extract (Averrhoa carambola) injection and with kindled animals in the amygdala fast kindling model. On the other hand, WDS are inversely correlated with SE induced by intracerebral bicuculline and pilocarpine injections. Systemic pilocarpine in animals pretreated with methyl-scopolamine barely induced WDS or HS. The role of shaking behaviors may vary from ictal to anticonvulsant depending on the experimental seizure model, circuitries involved, and stimulus intensity. The physical presence of acrylic helmets may per se inhibit the HS response. Also, methyl-scopolamine, a drug incapable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, can induce HS in animals without acrylic helmets.
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