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Espinosa-Oliva AM, Ruiz R, Soto MS, Boza-Serrano A, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Roca-Ceballos MA, García-Revilla J, Santiago M, Serres S, Economopoulus V, Carvajal AE, Vázquez-Carretero MD, García-Miranda P, Klementieva O, Oliva-Martín MJ, Deierborg T, Rivas E, Sibson NR, Labandeira-García JL, Machado A, Peral MJ, Herrera AJ, Venero JL, de Pablos RM. Inflammatory bowel disease induces pathological α-synuclein aggregation in the human gut and brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12962. [PMID: 38343067 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS According to Braak's hypothesis, it is plausible that Parkinson's disease (PD) originates in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and spreads to the brain through the vagus nerve. In this work, we studied whether inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in humans can progress with the emergence of pathogenic α-synuclein (α-syn) in the gastrointestinal tract and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. METHODS We have analysed the gut and the ventral midbrain from subjects previously diagnosed with IBD and form a DSS-based rat model of gut inflammation in terms of α-syn pathology. RESULTS Our data support the existence of pathogenic α-syn in both the gut and the brain, thus reinforcing the potential role of the ENS as a contributing factor in PD aetiology. Additionally, we have analysed the effect of a DSS-based rat model of gut inflammation to demonstrate (i) the appearance of P-α-syn inclusions in both Auerbach's and Meissner's plexuses (gut), (ii) an increase in α-syn expression in the ventral mesencephalon (brain) and (iii) the degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, which all are considered classical hallmarks in PD. CONCLUSION These results strongly support the plausibility of Braak's hypothesis and emphasise the significance of peripheral inflammation and the gut-brain axis in initiating α-syn aggregation and transport to the substantia nigra, resulting in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Roca-Ceballos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan García-Revilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marti Santiago
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Vasiliki Economopoulus
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana E Carvajal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Pablo García-Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Oxana Klementieva
- Dementia Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - María J Oliva-Martín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - José L Labandeira-García
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Machado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María J Peral
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Herrera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José L Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Howard AFD, Huszar IN, Smart A, Cottaar M, Daubney G, Hanayik T, Khrapitchev AA, Mars RB, Mollink J, Scott C, Sibson NR, Sallet J, Jbabdi S, Miller KL. An open resource combining multi-contrast MRI and microscopy in the macaque brain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4320. [PMID: 37468455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding brain structure and function often requires combining data across different modalities and scales to link microscale cellular structures to macroscale features of whole brain organisation. Here we introduce the BigMac dataset, a resource combining in vivo MRI, extensive postmortem MRI and multi-contrast microscopy for multimodal characterisation of a single whole macaque brain. The data spans modalities (MRI and microscopy), tissue states (in vivo and postmortem), and four orders of spatial magnitude, from microscopy images with micrometre or sub-micrometre resolution, to MRI signals on the order of millimetres. Crucially, the MRI and microscopy images are carefully co-registered together to facilitate quantitative multimodal analyses. Here we detail the acquisition, curation, and first release of the data, that together make BigMac a unique, openly-disseminated resource available to researchers worldwide. Further, we demonstrate example analyses and opportunities afforded by the data, including improvement of connectivity estimates from ultra-high angular resolution diffusion MRI, neuroanatomical insight provided by polarised light imaging and myelin-stained histology, and the joint analysis of MRI and microscopy data for reconstruction of the microscopy-inspired connectome. All data and code are made openly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F D Howard
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Istvan N Huszar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adele Smart
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michiel Cottaar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Greg Daubney
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Experimental Psychology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Taylor Hanayik
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Mollink
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Connor Scott
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Experimental Psychology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Buck J, Perez‐Balderas F, Zarghami N, Johanssen V, Khrapitchev AA, Larkin JR, Sibson NR. Imaging angiogenesis in an intracerebrally induced model of brain macrometastasis using α v β 3 -targeted iron oxide microparticles. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4948. [PMID: 37038086 PMCID: PMC10909432 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is responsible for a large proportion of cancer mortality, and there are currently no effective treatments. Moreover, the impact of treatments, particularly antiangiogenic therapeutics, is difficult to ascertain using current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Imaging of the angiogenic vasculature has been successfully carried out in solid tumours using microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) conjugated to a Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (RGD) targeting integrin αv β3 . The aim of this study was to determine whether RGD-MPIO could be used to identify angiogenic blood vessels in brain metastases in vivo. A mouse model of intracerebrally implanted brain macrometastasis was established through intracerebral injection of 4T1-GFP cells. T2 *-weighted imaging was used to visualise MPIO-induced hypointense voxels in vivo, and Prussian blue staining was used to visualise MPIO and endogenous iron histologically ex vivo. The RGD-MPIO showed target-specific binding in vivo, but the sensitivity of the agent for visualising angiogenic vessels per se was reduced by the presence of endogenous iron-laden macrophages in larger metastases, resulting in pre-existing hypointense areas within the tumour. Further, our data suggest that peptide-targeted MPIO, but not antibody-targeted MPIO, are taken up by perivascular macrophages within the macrometastatic microenvironment, resulting in additional nonspecific contrast. While pre-MPIO imaging will circumvent the issues surrounding pre-existing hypointensities and enable detection of specific contrast, our preliminary findings suggest that the use of antibodies rather than peptides as the targeting ligand may represent a preferable route forward for new angiogenesis-targeted molecular MRI agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Buck
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Francisco Perez‐Balderas
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Niloufar Zarghami
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Vanessa Johanssen
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alexandre A. Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James R. Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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4
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Msayib Y, Harston GWJ, Ray KJ, Larkin JR, Sutherland BA, Sheerin F, Blockley NP, Okell TW, Jezzard P, Baldwin A, Sibson NR, Kennedy J, Chappell MA. Quantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging of nuclear overhauser effects in acute ischemic stroke. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:341-356. [PMID: 35253936 PMCID: PMC9314583 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, saturation effects between - 2 to - 5 ppm (nuclear Overhauser effects, NOEs) have been shown to exhibit contrast in preclinical stroke models. Our previous work on NOEs in human stroke used an analysis model that combined NOEs and semisolid MT; however their combination might feasibly have reduced sensitivity to changes in NOEs. The aim of this study was to explore the information a 4-pool Bloch-McConnell model provides about the NOE contribution in ischemic stroke, contrasting that with an intentionally approximate 3-pool model. METHODS MRI data from 12 patients presenting with ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed, as well as from six animals induced with an ischemic lesion. Two Bloch-McConnell models (4 pools, and a 3-pool approximation) were compared for their ability to distinguish pathological tissue in acute stroke. The association of NOEs with pH was also explored, using pH phantoms that mimic the intracellular environment of naïve mouse brain. RESULTS The 4-pool measure of NOEs exhibited a different association with tissue outcome compared to 3-pool approximation in the ischemic core and in tissue that underwent delayed infarction. In the ischemic core, the 4-pool measure was elevated in patient white matter ( 1 . 20 ± 0 . 20 ) and in animals ( 1 . 27 ± 0 . 20 ). In the naïve brain pH phantoms, significant positive correlation between the NOE and pH was observed. CONCLUSION Associations of NOEs with tissue pathology were found using the 4-pool metric that were not observed using the 3-pool approximation. The 4-pool model more adequately captured in vivo changes in NOEs and revealed trends depending on tissue pathology in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Msayib
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - George W. J. Harston
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Kevin J. Ray
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James R. Larkin
- Department of Oncology, CRUK and MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Brad A. Sutherland
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Fintan Sheerin
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nicholas P. Blockley
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Thomas W. Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Peter Jezzard
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of Oncology, CRUK and MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James Kennedy
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Michael A. Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Center, School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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5
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Cheng VW, de Pennington N, Zakaria R, Larkin JR, Serres S, Sarkar M, Kirkman MA, Bristow C, Croal P, Plaha P, Campo L, Chappell MA, Lord S, Jenkinson MD, Middleton MR, Sibson NR. VCAM-1-targeted MRI Improves Detection of the Tumor-brain Interface. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2385-2396. [PMID: 35312755 PMCID: PMC9662863 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite optimal local therapy, tumor cell invasion into normal brain parenchyma frequently results in recurrence in patients with solid tumors. The aim of this study was to determine whether microvascular inflammation can be targeted to better delineate the tumor-brain interface through vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-targeted MRI. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Intracerebral xenograft rat models of MDA231Br-GFP (breast cancer) brain metastasis and U87MG (glioblastoma) were used to histologically examine the tumor-brain interface and to test the efficacy of VCAM-1-targeted MRI in detecting this region. Human biopsy samples of the brain metastasis and glioblastoma margins were examined for endothelial VCAM-1 expression. RESULTS The interface between tumor and surrounding normal brain tissue exhibited elevated endothelial VCAM-1 expression and increased microvessel density. Tumor proliferation and stemness markers were also significantly upregulated at the tumor rim in the brain metastasis model. T2*-weighted MRI, following intravenous administration of VCAM-MPIO, highlighted the tumor-brain interface of both tumor models more extensively than gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. Sites of VCAM-MPIO binding, evident as hypointense signals on MR images, correlated spatially with endothelial VCAM-1 upregulation and bound VCAM-MPIO beads detected histologically. These findings were further validated in an orthotopic medulloblastoma model. Finally, the tumor-brain interface in human brain metastasis and glioblastoma samples was similarly characterized by microvascular inflammation, extending beyond the region detectable using conventional MRI. CONCLUSIONS This work illustrates the potential of VCAM-1-targeted MRI for improved delineation of the tumor-brain interface in both primary and secondary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinton W.T. Cheng
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rasheed Zakaria
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Larkin
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manjima Sarkar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Kirkman
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Bristow
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Croal
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences & Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Puneet Plaha
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford and Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Campo
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Chappell
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences & Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Jenkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Sibson NR, Thorsen F, Soto MS. Editorial: The Role of the Immune Response in Brain Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:922700. [PMID: 35619915 PMCID: PMC9127953 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.922700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frits Thorsen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/ Universidad de Sevilla and CIBERNED, Seville, Spain
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Larkin JR, Anthony S, Johanssen VA, Yeo T, Sealey M, Yates AG, Smith CF, Claridge TD, Nicholson BD, Moreland JA, Gleeson F, Sibson NR, Anthony DC, Probert F. Metabolomic Biomarkers in Blood Samples Identify Cancers in a Mixed Population of Patients with Nonspecific Symptoms. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1651-1661. [PMID: 34983789 PMCID: PMC7613224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early diagnosis of cancer is critical for improving patient outcomes, but cancers may be hard to diagnose if patients present with nonspecific signs and symptoms. We have previously shown that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis can detect cancer in animal models and distinguish between differing metastatic disease burdens. Here, we hypothesized that biomarkers within the blood metabolome could identify cancers within a mixed population of patients referred from primary care with nonspecific symptoms, the so-called "low-risk, but not no-risk" patient group, as well as distinguishing between those with and without metastatic disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients (n = 304 comprising modeling, n = 192, and test, n = 92) were recruited from 2017 to 2018 from the Oxfordshire Suspected CANcer (SCAN) pathway, a multidisciplinary diagnostic center (MDC) referral pathway for patients with nonspecific signs and symptoms. Blood was collected and analyzed by NMR metabolomics. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) models separated patients, based upon diagnoses received from the MDC assessment, within 62 days of initial appointment. RESULTS Area under the ROC curve for identifying patients with solid tumors in the independent test set was 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.95]. Maximum sensitivity and specificity were 94% (95% CI: 73-99) and 82% (95% CI: 75-87), respectively. We could also identify patients with metastatic disease in the cohort of patients with cancer with sensitivity and specificity of 94% (95% CI: 72-99) and 88% (95% CI: 53-98), respectively. CONCLUSIONS For a mixed group of patients referred from primary care with nonspecific signs and symptoms, NMR-based metabolomics can assist their diagnosis, and may differentiate both those with malignancies and those with and without metastatic disease. See related commentary by Van Tine and Lyssiotis, p. 1477.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Larkin
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Anthony
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa A. Johanssen
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tianrong Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Megan Sealey
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abi G. Yates
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Friedemann Smith
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Brian D. Nicholson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie-Ann Moreland
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Gleeson
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Economopoulos V, Pannell M, Johanssen VA, Scott H, Andreou KE, Larkin JR, Sibson NR. Inhibition of Anti-Inflammatory Macrophage Phenotype Reduces Tumour Growth in Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850656. [PMID: 35359423 PMCID: PMC8960618 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastasis is a significant clinical problem and carries a poor prognosis. Although it is well-established that macrophages are a primary component of the brain metastasis microenvironment, the role of blood-derived macrophages (BDM) and brain-resident microglia in the progression of brain metastases remains uncertain. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the role, specifically, of pro- and anti-inflammatory BDM and microglial phenotypes on metastasis progression. Initial in vitro studies demonstrated decreased migration of EO771 metastatic breast cancer cells in the presence of pro-inflammatory, but not anti-inflammatory, stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo, suppression of the anti-inflammatory BDM phenotype, specifically, via myeloid knock out of Krüppel-like Factor 4 (KLF4) significantly reduced EO771 tumour growth in the brains of C57BL/6 mice. Further, pharmacological inhibition of the anti-inflammatory BDM and/or microglial phenotypes, via either Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF-1R) or STAT6 pathways, significantly decreased tumour burden in two different syngeneic mouse models of breast cancer brain metastasis. These findings suggest that switching BDM and microglia towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype may be an effective therapeutic strategy in brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Economopoulos
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Pannell
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Scott
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kleopatra E Andreou
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James R Larkin
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Munoz Pinto MF, Campbell SJ, Simoglou Karali C, Johanssen VA, Bristow C, Cheng VWT, Zarghami N, Larkin JR, Pannell M, Hearn A, Chui C, Brinquis Nunez B, Bokma E, Holgate R, Anthony DC, Sibson NR. Selective blood-brain barrier permeabilization of brain metastases by a type 1 receptor-selective tumor necrosis factor mutein. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:52-63. [PMID: 34297105 PMCID: PMC8730757 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis to the brain is a major challenge with poor prognosis. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a significant impediment to effective treatment, being intact during the early stages of tumor development and heterogeneously permeable at later stages. Intravenous injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) selectively induces BBB permeabilization at sites of brain micrometastasis, in a TNF type 1 receptor (TNFR1)-dependent manner. Here, to enable clinical translation, we have developed a TNFR1-selective agonist variant of human TNF that induces BBB permeabilization, while minimizing potential toxicity. METHODS A library of human TNF muteins (mutTNF) was generated and assessed for binding specificity to mouse and human TNFR1/2, endothelial permeabilizing activity in vitro, potential immunogenicity, and circulatory half-life. The permeabilizing ability of the most promising variant was assessed in vivo in a model of brain metastasis. RESULTS The primary mutTNF variant showed similar affinity for human TNFR1 than wild-type human TNF, similar affinity for mouse TNFR1 as wild-type mouse TNF, undetectable binding to human/mouse TNFR2, low potential immunogenicity, and permeabilization of an endothelial monolayer. Circulatory half-life was similar to mouse/human TNF and BBB permeabilization was induced selectively at sites of micrometastases in vivo, with a time window of ≥24 hours and enabling delivery of agents within a therapeutically relevant range (0.5-150 kDa), including the clinically approved therapy, trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a clinically translatable mutTNF that selectively opens the BBB at micrometastatic sites, while leaving the rest of the cerebrovasculature intact. This approach will open a window for brain metastasis treatment that currently does not exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Munoz Pinto
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra J Campbell
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Bristow
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vinton W T Cheng
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Niloufar Zarghami
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Pannell
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- OxSonics Ltd., The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Arron Hearn
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cherry Chui
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Evert Bokma
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Holgate
- Abzena Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicola R Sibson
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Corroyer-Dulmont A, Jaudet C, Frelin AM, Fantin J, Weyts K, Vallis KA, Falzone N, Sibson NR, Chérel M, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Batalla A, Bardet S, Bernaudin M, Valable S. Radioimmunotherapy for Brain Metastases: The Potential for Inflammation as a Target of Choice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:714514. [PMID: 34504791 PMCID: PMC8423367 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.714514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are frequently detected during the follow-up of patients with malignant tumors, particularly in those with advanced disease. Despite a major progress in systemic anti-cancer treatments, the average overall survival of these patients remains limited (6 months from diagnosis). Also, cognitive decline is regularly reported especially in patients treated with whole brain external beam radiotherapy (WBRT), due to the absorbed radiation dose in healthy brain tissue. New targeted therapies, for an earlier and/or more specific treatment of the tumor and its microenvironment, are needed. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a combination of a radionuclide to a specific antibody, appears to be a promising tool. Inflammation, which is involved in multiple steps, including the early phase, of BM development is attractive as a relevant target for RIT. This review will focus on the (1) early biomarkers of inflammation in BM pertinent for RIT, (2) state of the art studies on RIT for BM, and (3) the importance of dosimetry to RIT in BM. These two last points will be addressed in comparison to the conventional EBRT treatment, particularly with respect to the balance between tumor control and healthy tissue complications. Finally, because new diagnostic imaging techniques show a potential for the detection of BM at an early stage of the disease, we focus particularly on this therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Cyril Jaudet
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Anne-Marie Frelin
- Grand accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France
| | - Jade Fantin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Kathleen Weyts
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- Medical Research Council, Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Medical Research Council, Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Chérel
- Team 13-Nuclear Oncology, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré
- Team 13-Nuclear Oncology, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes University, Nantes, France
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Batalla
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Bardet
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
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11
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Zarghami N, Soto MS, Perez-Balderas F, Khrapitchev AA, Karali CS, Johanssen VA, Ansorge O, Larkin JR, Sibson NR. A novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging agent targeting activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule as demonstrated in mouse brain metastasis models. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1592-1607. [PMID: 33153376 PMCID: PMC8217895 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20968943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows visualization of biological processes at the molecular level. Upregulation of endothelial ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) is a key element for leukocyte recruitment in neurological disease. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop a novel molecular MRI contrast agent, by conjugating anti-ALCAM antibodies to microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO), for detection of endothelial ALCAM expression in vivo. Binding specificity of ALCAM-MPIO was demonstrated in vitro under static and flow conditions. Subsequently, in a proof-of-concept study, mouse models of brain metastasis were induced by intracardial injection of brain-tropic human breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma or melanoma cells to upregulate endothelial ALCAM. At selected time-points, mice were injected intravenously with ALCAM-MPIO, and ALCAM-MPIO induced hypointensities were observed on T2*-weighted images in all three models. Post-gadolinium MRI confirmed an intact blood-brain barrier, indicating endoluminal binding. Correlation between endothelial ALCAM expression and ALCAM-MPIO binding was confirmed histologically. Statistical analysis indicated high sensitivity (80-90%) and specificity (79-83%) for detection of endothelial ALCAM in vivo with ALCAM-MPIO. Given reports of endothelial ALCAM upregulation in numerous neurological diseases, this advance in our ability to image ALCAM in vivo may yield substantial improvements for both diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Zarghami
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Corroyer-Dulmont A, Valable S, Fantin J, Chatre L, Toutain J, Teulier S, Bazille C, Letissier E, Levallet J, Divoux D, Ibazizène M, Guillouet S, Perrio C, Barré L, Serres S, Sibson NR, Chapon F, Levallet G, Bernaudin M. Multimodal evaluation of hypoxia in brain metastases of lung cancer and interest of hypoxia image-guided radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11239. [PMID: 34045576 PMCID: PMC8159969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer patients frequently develop brain metastases (BM). Despite aggressive treatment including neurosurgery and external-radiotherapy, overall survival remains poor. There is a pressing need to further characterize factors in the microenvironment of BM that may confer resistance to radiotherapy (RT), such as hypoxia. Here, hypoxia was first evaluated in 28 biopsies from patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) BM, using CA-IX immunostaining. Hypoxia characterization (pimonidazole, CA-IX and HIF-1α) was also performed in different preclinical NSCLC BM models induced either by intracerebral injection of tumor cells (H2030-Br3M, H1915) into the cortex and striatum, or intracardial injection of tumor cells (H2030-Br3M). Additionally, [18F]-FMISO-PET and oxygen-saturation-mapping-MRI (SatO2-MRI) were carried out in the intracerebral BM models to further characterize tumor hypoxia and evaluate the potential of Hypoxia-image-guided-RT (HIGRT). The effect of RT on proliferation of BM ([18F]-FLT-PET), tumor volume and overall survival was determined. We showed that hypoxia is a major yet heterogeneous feature of BM from lung cancer both preclinically and clinically. HIGRT, based on hypoxia heterogeneity observed between cortical and striatal metastases in the intracerebrally induced models, showed significant potential for tumor control and animal survival. These results collectively highlight hypoxia as a hallmark of BM from lung cancer and the value of HIGRT in better controlling tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jade Fantin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chatre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sylvain Teulier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Céline Bazille
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Elise Letissier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Levallet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Didier Divoux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Méziane Ibazizène
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Guillouet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Louisa Barré
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/LDM-TEP Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Françoise Chapon
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, 14000, Caen, France.
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13
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Foo LS, Larkin JR, Sutherland BA, Ray KJ, Yap WS, Hum YC, Lai KW, Manan HA, Sibson NR, Tee YK. Study of common quantification methods of amide proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging for ischemic stroke detection. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:2188-2200. [PMID: 33107119 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the correlation and differences between common amide proton transfer (APT) quantification methods in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. METHODS Five APT quantification methods, including asymmetry analysis and its variants as well as two Lorentzian model-based methods, were applied to data acquired from six rats that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion scanned at 9.4T. Diffusion and perfusion-weighted images, and water relaxation time maps were also acquired to study the relationship of these conventional imaging modalities with the different APT quantification methods. RESULTS The APT ischemic area estimates had varying sizes (Jaccard index: 0.544 ≤ J ≤ 0.971) and had varying correlations in their distributions (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.104 ≤ r ≤ 0.995), revealing discrepancies in the quantified ischemic areas. The Lorentzian methods produced the highest contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs; 1.427 ≤ CNR ≤ 2.002), but generated APT ischemic areas that were comparable in size to the cerebral blood flow (CBF) deficit areas; asymmetry analysis and its variants produced APT ischemic areas that were smaller than the CBF deficit areas but larger than the apparent diffusion coefficient deficit areas, though having lower CNRs (0.561 ≤ CNR ≤ 1.083). CONCLUSION There is a need to further investigate the accuracy and correlation of each quantification method with the pathophysiology using a larger scale multi-imaging modality and multi-time-point clinical study. Future studies should include the magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry results alongside the findings of the study to facilitate the comparison of results between different centers and also the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Sze Foo
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - James R Larkin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Ray
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wun-She Yap
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Chai Hum
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khin Wee Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanani Abdul Manan
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yee Kai Tee
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Vince O, Peeters S, Johanssen VA, Gray M, Smart S, Sibson NR, Stride E. Microbubbles Containing Lysolipid Enhance Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001343. [PMID: 33191662 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound and microbubbles (MBs) offer a noninvasive method of temporarily enhancing blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to therapeutics. To reduce off-target effects, it is desirable to minimize the ultrasound pressures required. It has been shown that a new formulation of MBs containing lysolipids (Lyso-MBs) can increase the cellular uptake of a model drug in vitro. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Lyso-MBs can also enhance BBB permeability in vivo. Female BALB/c mice are injected with either Lyso-MBs or control MBs and gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) and exposed to ultrasound (500 kHz, 1 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 1 ms pulse length, peak-negative pressures 160-480 kPa) for 2 min. BBB permeabilization is measured via magnetic resonance imaging (7.0 T) of Gd-DTPA extravasation and subsequent histological examination of brain tissue to assess serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation (n = 8 per group). An approximately twofold enhancement in BBB permeability is produced by the Lyso-MBs at the highest ultrasound pressure compared with the control. These findings indicate that modifying the composition of phospholipid-shelled MBs has the potential to improve the efficiency of BBB opening, without increasing the ultrasound pressure amplitude required. This is particularly relevant for delivery of therapeutics deep within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Vince
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah Peeters
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sean Smart
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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15
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Sarmiento Soto M, Larkin JR, Martin C, Khrapitchev AA, Maczka M, Economopoulos V, Scott H, Escartin C, Bonvento G, Serres S, Sibson NR. STAT3-Mediated Astrocyte Reactivity Associated with Brain Metastasis Contributes to Neurovascular Dysfunction. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5642-5655. [PMID: 33106335 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are thought to play a pivotal role in coupling neural activity and cerebral blood flow. However, it has been shown that astrocytes undergo morphologic changes in response to brain metastasis, switching to a reactive phenotype, which has the potential to significantly compromise cerebrovascular function and contribute to the neurological sequelae associated with brain metastasis. Given that STAT3 is a key regulator of astrocyte reactivity, we aimed here to determine the impact of STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity on neurovascular function in brain metastasis. Rat models of brain metastasis and ciliary neurotrophic factor were used to induce astrocyte reactivity. Multimodal imaging, electrophysiology, and IHC were performed to determine the relationship between reactive astrocytes and changes in the cerebrovascular response to electrical and physiological stimuli. Subsequently, the STAT3 pathway in astrocytes was inhibited with WP1066 to determine the role of STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity, specifically, in brain metastasis. Astrocyte reactivity associated with brain metastases impaired cerebrovascular responses to stimuli at both the cellular and functional level and disrupted astrocyte-endothelial interactions in both animal models and human brain metastasis samples. Inhibition of STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity in rats with brain metastases restored cerebrovascular function, as shown by in vivo imaging, and limited cerebrovascular changes associated with tumor growth. Together these findings suggest that inhibiting STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity may confer significant improvements in neurological outcome for patients with brain metastases and could potentially be tested in other brain tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that selectively targeting STAT3-mediated astrocyte reactivity ameliorates the cerebrovascular dysfunction associated with brain metastasis, providing a potential therapeutic avenue for improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - James R Larkin
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Martin
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Maczka
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Economopoulos
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Scott
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Escartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Valiente M, Van Swearingen AED, Anders CK, Bairoch A, Boire A, Bos PD, Cittelly DM, Erez N, Ferraro GB, Fukumura D, Gril B, Herlyn M, Holmen SL, Jain RK, Joyce JA, Lorger M, Massague J, Neman J, Sibson NR, Steeg PS, Thorsen F, Young LS, Varešlija D, Vultur A, Weis-Garcia F, Winkler F. Brain Metastasis Cell Lines Panel: A Public Resource of Organotropic Cell Lines. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4314-4323. [PMID: 32641416 PMCID: PMC7572582 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spread of cancer to the brain remains an unmet clinical need in spite of the increasing number of cases among patients with lung, breast cancer, and melanoma most notably. Although research on brain metastasis was considered a minor aspect in the past due to its untreatable nature and invariable lethality, nowadays, limited but encouraging examples have questioned this statement, making it more attractive for basic and clinical researchers. Evidences of its own biological identity (i.e., specific microenvironment) and particular therapeutic requirements (i.e., presence of blood-brain barrier, blood-tumor barrier, molecular differences with the primary tumor) are thought to be critical aspects that must be functionally exploited using preclinical models. We present the coordinated effort of 19 laboratories to compile comprehensive information related to brain metastasis experimental models. Each laboratory has provided details on the cancer cell lines they have generated or characterized as being capable of forming metastatic colonies in the brain, as well as principle methodologies of brain metastasis research. The Brain Metastasis Cell Lines Panel (BrMPanel) represents the first of its class and includes information about the cell line, how tropism to the brain was established, and the behavior of each model in vivo. These and other aspects described are intended to assist investigators in choosing the most suitable cell line for research on brain metastasis. The main goal of this effort is to facilitate research on this unmet clinical need, to improve models through a collaborative environment, and to promote the exchange of information on these valuable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Valiente
- Brain Metastasis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Carey K Anders
- Duke Center for Brain and Spine Metastasis, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amos Bairoch
- CALIPHO group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paula D Bos
- Department of Pathology, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Diana M Cittelly
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- E.L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dai Fukumura
- E.L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- E.L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Lorger
- Brain Metastasis Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Massague
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Josh Neman
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Physiology & Neuroscience, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frits Thorsen
- The Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Remodeling, Shandong, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Leonie S Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damir Varešlija
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adina Vultur
- Molecular & Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frances Weis-Garcia
- Antibody & Bioresource Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Gilchrist S, Kinchesh P, Zarghami N, Khrapitchev AA, Sibson NR, Kersemans V, Smart SC. Improved detection of molecularly targeted iron oxide particles in mouse brain using B 0 field stabilised high resolution MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 67:101-108. [PMID: 31935444 PMCID: PMC7049896 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High resolution multi-gradient echo (MGE) scanning is typically used for detection of molecularly targeted iron oxide particles. The images of individual echoes are often combined to generate a composite image with improved SNR from the early echoes and boosted contrast from later echoes. In 3D implementations prolonged scanning at high gradient duty cycles induces a B0 shift that predominantly affects image alignment in the slow phase encoding dimension of 3D MGE images. The effect corrupts the composite echo image and limits the image resolution that is realised. A real-time adaptive B0 stabilisation during respiration gated 3D MGE scanning is shown to reduce image misalignment and improve detection of molecularly targeted iron oxide particles in composite images of the mouse brain. METHODS An optional B0 measurement block consisting of a 16 μs hard pulse with FA 1°, an acquisition delay of 3.2 ms, followed by gradient spoiling in all three axes was added to a respiration gated 3D MGE scan. During the acquisition delay of each B0 measurement block the NMR signal was routed to a custom built B0 stabilisation unit which mixed the signal to an audio frequency nominally centred around 1000 Hz to enable an Arduino based single channel receiver to measure frequency shifts. The frequency shift was used to effect correction to the main magnetic field via the B0 coil. The efficacy of B0 stabilisation and respiration gating was validated in vivo and used to improve detection of molecularly targeted microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) in a mouse model of acute neuroinflammation. RESULTS Without B0 stabilisation 3D MGE image data exhibit varying mixtures of translation, scaling and blurring, which compromise the fidelity of the composite image. The real-time adaptive B0 stabilisation minimises corruption of the composite image as the images from the different echoes are properly aligned. The improved detection of molecularly targeted MPIO easily compensates for the scan time penalty of 14% incurred by the B0 stabilisation method employed. Respiration gating of the B0 measurement and the MRI scan was required to preserve high resolution detail, especially towards the back of the brain. CONCLUSIONS High resolution imaging for the detection of molecularly targeted iron oxide particles in the mouse brain requires good stabilisation of the main B0 field, and can benefit from a respiration gated image acquisition strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Gilchrist
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Niloufar Zarghami
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C Smart
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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Larkin JR, Simard MA, de Bernardi A, Johanssen VA, Perez-Balderas F, Sibson NR. Improving Delineation of True Tumor Volume With Multimodal MRI in a Rat Model of Brain Metastasis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 106:1028-1038. [PMID: 31959544 PMCID: PMC7082766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain metastases are almost universally lethal with short median survival times. Despite this, they are often potentially curable, with therapy failing only because of local relapse. One key reason relapse occurs is because treatment planning did not delineate metastasis margins sufficiently or accurately, allowing residual tumor to regrow. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with a simple and automated analysis pipeline, could improve upon current clinical practice of single-modality, independent-observer tumor delineation. METHODS AND MATERIALS We used a single rat model of brain metastasis (ENU1564 breast carcinoma cells in BD-IX rats), with and without radiation therapy. Multimodal MRI data were acquired using sequences either in current clinical use or in clinical trial and included postgadolinium T1-weighted images and maps of blood flow, blood volume, T1 and T2 relaxation times, and apparent diffusion coefficient. RESULTS In all cases, independent observers underestimated the true size of metastases from single-modality gadolinium-enhanced MRI (85 ± 36 μL vs 131 ± 40 μL histologic measurement), although multimodal MRI more accurately delineated tumor volume (132 ± 41 μL). Multimodal MRI offered increased sensitivity compared with independent observer for detecting metastasis (0.82 vs 0.61, respectively), with only a slight decrease in specificity (0.86 vs 0.98). Blood flow maps conferred the greatest improvements in margin detection for late-stage metastases after radiation therapy. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images conferred the greatest increase in accuracy of detection for smaller metastases. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that multimodal MRI of brain metastases could significantly improve the visualization of brain metastasis margins, beyond current clinical practice, with the potential to decrease relapse rates and increase patient survival. This finding now needs validation in additional tumor models or clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Larkin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford
| | - Manon A Simard
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford
| | - Axel de Bernardi
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford.
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19
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Sampaio-Baptista C, Vallès A, Khrapitchev AA, Akkermans G, Winkler AM, Foxley S, Sibson NR, Roberts M, Miller K, Diamond ME, Martens GJM, De Weerd P, Johansen-Berg H. White matter structure and myelin-related gene expression alterations with experience in adult rats. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 187:101770. [PMID: 32001310 PMCID: PMC7086231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
White matter (WM) plasticity during adulthood is a recently described phenomenon by which experience can shape brain structure. It has been observed in humans using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and myelination has been suggested as a possible mechanism. Here, we set out to identify molecular and cellular changes associated with WM plasticity measured by DTI. We combined DTI, immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression analysis and examined the effects of somatosensory experience in adult rats. First, we observed experience-induced DTI differences in WM and in grey matter structure. C-Fos mRNA expression, a marker of cortical activity, in the barrel cortex correlated with the MRI WM metrics, indicating that molecular correlates of cortical activity relate to macroscale measures of WM structure. Analysis of myelin-related genes revealed higher myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA expression. Higher MBP protein expression was also found via immunohistochemistry in WM. Finally, unbiased RNA sequencing analysis identified 134 differentially expressed genes encoding proteins involved in functions related to cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of myelination and neuronal activity modulation. In conclusion, macroscale measures of WM plasticity are supported by both molecular and cellular evidence and confirm that myelination is one of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Sampaio-Baptista
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Astrid Vallès
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Guus Akkermans
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sean Foxley
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mark Roberts
- Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mathew E Diamond
- Tactile Perception and Learning Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Weerd
- Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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20
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Corroyer-Dulmont A, Valable S, Falzone N, Frelin-Labalme AM, Tietz O, Toutain J, Soto MS, Divoux D, Chazalviel L, Pérès EA, Sibson NR, Vallis KA, Bernaudin M. VCAM-1 targeted alpha-particle therapy for early brain metastases. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:357-368. [PMID: 31538194 PMCID: PMC7162423 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BM) develop frequently in patients with breast cancer. Despite the use of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), the average overall survival is short (6 months from diagnosis). The therapeutic challenge is to deliver molecularly targeted therapy at an early stage when relatively few metastatic tumor cells have invaded the brain. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), overexpressed by nearby endothelial cells during the early stages of BM development, is a promising target. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic value of targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy, combining lead-212 (212Pb) with an anti-VCAM-1 antibody (212Pb-αVCAM-1). METHODS Human breast carcinoma cells that metastasize to the brain, MDA-231-Br-GFP, were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of nude mice. Twenty-one days after injection, 212Pb-αVCAM-1 uptake in early BM was determined in a biodistribution study and systemic/brain toxicity was evaluated. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed using MR imaging and histology. Overall survival after 212Pb-αVCAM-1 treatment was compared with that observed after standard EBRT. RESULTS 212Pb-αVCAM-1 was taken up into early BM with a tumor/healthy brain dose deposition ratio of 6 (5.52e108 and 0.92e108) disintegrations per gram of BM and healthy tissue, respectively. MRI analyses showed a statistically significant reduction in metastatic burden after 212Pb-αVCAM-1 treatment compared with EBRT (P < 0.001), translating to an increase in overall survival of 29% at 40 days post prescription (P < 0.01). No major toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation demonstrates that 212Pb-αVCAM-1 specifically accumulates at sites of early BM causing tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Ole Tietz
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Didier Divoux
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chazalviel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Elodie A Pérès
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
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21
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Frelin-Labalme AM, Roger T, Falzone N, Quan Lee B, Sibson NR, Vallis KA, Bernaudin M, Valable S, Corroyer-Dulmont A. Radionuclide spatial distribution and dose deposition for in vitro assessments of 212 Pb-αVCAM-1 targeted alpha therapy. Med Phys 2020; 47:1317-1326. [PMID: 31838744 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) takes advantage of the short-range and high-linear energy transfer of α-particles and is increasingly used, especially for the treatment of metastatic lesions. Nevertheless, dosimetry of α-emitters is challenging for the very same reasons, even for in vitro experiments. Assumptions, such as the uniformity of the distribution of radionuclides in the culture medium, are commonly made, which could have a profound impact on dose calculations. In this study we measured the spatial distribution of α-emitting 212 Pb coupled to an anti-VCAM-1 antibody (212 Pb-αVCAM-1) and its evolution over time in the context of in vitro irradiations. METHODS Two experimental setups were implemented without cells to measure α-particle count rates and energy spectra in culture medium containing 15 kBq of 212 Pb-α-VCAM-1. Silicon detectors were placed above and below cell culture dishes for 20 h. One of the dishes had a 2.5-µm-thick mylar-base allowing easy detection of the α-particles. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to analyze experimental spectra. Experimental setups were modeled and α-energy spectra were simulated in the silicon detectors for different decay positions in the culture medium. Simulated spectra were then used to deconvolute experimental spectra to determine the spatial distribution of 212 Pb-αVCAM-1 in the medium. This distribution was finally used to calculate the dose deposition in cell culture experiments. RESULTS Experimental count rates and energy spectra showed differences in measurements taken at the top and the bottom of dishes and temporal variations that did not follow 212 Pb decay. The radionuclide spatial distribution was shown to be composed of a uniform distribution and concentration gradients at the top and the bottom, which were subjected to temporal variations that may be explained by gravity and electrostatic attraction. The absorbed dose in cells calculated from this distribution was compared with the dose expected for a uniform and static distribution and found to be 1.75 times higher, which is highly significant to interpret biological observations. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that accurate dosimetry of α-emitters requires the experimental determination of radionuclide spatial and temporal distribution and highlighted that in vitro assessment of dose for TAT cannot only rely on a uniform distribution of activity in the culture medium. The reliability and reproducibility of future experiments should benefit from specifically developed dosimetry tools and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Frelin-Labalme
- Grand accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF, CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14076, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Roger
- Grand accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF, CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14076, Caen, France
| | - Nadia Falzone
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Boon Quan Lee
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, Caen, France
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22
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Pannell M, Economopoulos V, Wilson TC, Kersemans V, Isenegger PG, Larkin JR, Smart S, Gilchrist S, Gouverneur V, Sibson NR. Imaging of translocator protein upregulation is selective for pro-inflammatory polarized astrocytes and microglia. Glia 2020; 68:280-297. [PMID: 31479168 PMCID: PMC6916298 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Translocator protein (TSPO) expression is increased in activated glia, and has been used as a marker of neuroinflammation in PET imaging. However, the extent to which TSPO upregulation reflects a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype remains unclear. Our aim was to determine whether TSPO upregulation in astrocytes and microglia/macrophages is limited to a specific inflammatory phenotype. TSPO upregulation was assessed by flow cytometry in cultured astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or interleukin-4 (Il-4). Subsequently, mice were injected intracerebrally with either a TNF-inducing adenovirus (AdTNF) or IL-4. Glial expression of TSPO and pro-/anti-inflammatory markers was assessed by immunohistochemistry/fluorescence and flow cytometry. Finally, AdTNF or IL-4 injected mice underwent PET imaging with injection of the TSPO radioligand 18 F-DPA-713, followed by ex vivo autoradiography. TSPO expression was significantly increased in pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages and astrocytes both in vitro, and in vivo after AdTNF injection (p < .001 vs. control hemisphere), determined both histologically and by FACS. Both PET imaging and autoradiography revealed a significant (p < .001) increase in 18 F-DPA-713 binding in the ipsilateral hemisphere of AdTNF-injected mice. In contrast, no increase in either TSPO expression assessed histologically and by FACS, or ligand binding by PET/autoradiography was observed after IL-4 injection. Taken together, these results suggest that TSPO imaging specifically reveals the pro-inflammatory population of activated glial cells in the brain in response to inflammatory stimuli. Since the inflammatory phenotype of glial cells is critical to their role in neurological disease, these findings may enhance the utility and application of TSPO imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pannell
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Vasiliki Economopoulos
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Veerle Kersemans
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - James R. Larkin
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sean Smart
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of OxfordOxfordUK
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23
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Bagi Z, Couch Y, Broskova Z, Perez-Balderas F, Yeo T, Davis S, Fischer R, Sibson NR, Davis BG, Anthony DC. Extracellular vesicle integrins act as a nexus for platelet adhesion in cerebral microvessels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15847. [PMID: 31676801 PMCID: PMC6825169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate signaling pathways via receptor-ligand interactions and content delivery, after attachment or internalization by endothelial cells. However, they originate from diverse cell populations and are heterogeneous in composition. To determine the effects of specific surface molecules, the use of synthetic EV mimetics permits the study of specific EV receptor-ligand interactions. Here, we used endogenous EVs derived from the circulation of rats, as well as ligand-decorated synthetic microparticles (MPs) to examine the role of integrin αvβ3 in platelet adhesion under flow in structurally intact cerebral arteries. At an intraluminal pressure of 50 mmHg and flow rate of 10 µl/min, platelets were delivered to the artery lumen and imaged with whole-field fluorescent microscopy. Under basal conditions very few platelets bound to the endothelium. However, adhesion events were markedly increased following the introduction of arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD)-labelled synthetic MPs or endogenously-derived EVs from experimental stroke animals carrying excess RGD proteins, including vitronectin, CD40-ligand and thrombospondin-1. These data, which were generated in a dynamic and physiologically relevant system, demonstrate the importance of vesicle-carried RGD ligands in platelet adherence to the cerebrovascular endothelium and highlight the ability of synthetic EVs to isolate and identify key components of the molecular handshake between EVs and their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom.
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Yvonne Couch
- RDM-Investigative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzana Broskova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tianrong Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Davis
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G Davis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom.
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24
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Masiero M, Li D, Whiteman P, Bentley C, Greig J, Hassanali T, Watts S, Stribbling S, Yates J, Bealing E, Li JL, Chillakuri C, Sheppard D, Serres S, Sarmiento-Soto M, Larkin J, Sibson NR, Handford PA, Harris AL, Banham AH. Development of Therapeutic Anti-JAGGED1 Antibodies for Cancer Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2030-2042. [PMID: 31395687 PMCID: PMC7611158 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of Notch signaling and its ligand JAGGED1 (JAG1) in tumor biology has been firmly established, making them appealing therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Here, we report the development and characterization of human/rat-specific JAG1-neutralizing mAbs. Epitope mapping identified their binding to the Notch receptor interaction site within the JAG1 Delta/Serrate/Lag2 domain, where E228D substitution prevented effective binding to the murine Jag1 ortholog. These antibodies were able to specifically inhibit JAG1-Notch binding in vitro, downregulate Notch signaling in cancer cells, and block the heterotypic JAG1-mediated Notch signaling between endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Functionally, in vitro treatment impaired three-dimensional growth of breast cancer cell spheroids, in association with a reduction in cancer stem cell number. In vivo testing showed variable effects on human xenograft growth when only tumor-expressed JAG1 was targeted (mouse models) but a more robust effect when stromal-expressed Jag1 was also targeted (rat MDA-MB-231 xenograft model). Importantly, treatment of established triple receptor-negative breast cancer brain metastasis in rats showed a significant reduction in neoplastic growth. MRI imaging demonstrated that this was associated with a substantial improvement in blood-brain barrier function and tumor perfusion. Lastly, JAG1-targeting antibody treatment did not cause any detectable toxicity, further supporting its clinical potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Masiero
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Demin Li
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pat Whiteman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Bentley
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Greig
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tasneem Hassanali
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Watts
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Stribbling
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Yates
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Bealing
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- CRUK Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Devon Sheppard
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Sarmiento-Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Penny A Handford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- CRUK Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison H Banham
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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25
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Eichert N, Verhagen L, Folloni D, Jbabdi S, Khrapitchev AA, Sibson NR, Mantini D, Sallet J, Mars RB. What is special about the human arcuate fasciculus? Lateralization, projections, and expansion. Cortex 2019; 118:107-115. [PMID: 29937266 PMCID: PMC6699597 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptations of the human brain are the basis for our unique abilities such as language. An expansion of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), the dorsal language tract, in the human lineage involving left lateralization is considered canonical, but this hypothesis has not been tested in relation to other architectural adaptations in the human brain. Using diffusion-weighted MRI, we examined AF in the human and macaque and quantified species differences in white matter architecture and surface representations. To compare surface results in the two species, we transformed macaque representations to human space using a landmark-based monkey-to-human cortical expansion model. We found that the human dorsal AF, but not the ventral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO), is left-lateralized. In the monkey AF is not lateralized. Moreover, compared to the macaque, human AF is relatively increased with respect to IFO. A comparison of human and transformed macaque surface representations suggests that cortical expansion alone cannot account for the species differences in the surface representation of AF. Our results show that the human AF has undergone critical anatomical modifications in comparison with the macaque AF. More generally, this work demonstrates that studies on the human brain specializations underlying the language connectome can benefit from current methodological advances in comparative neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Eichert
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dante Mantini
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Research Centre for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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26
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Larkin JR, Simard MA, Khrapitchev AA, Meakin JA, Okell TW, Craig M, Ray KJ, Jezzard P, Chappell MA, Sibson NR. Quantitative blood flow measurement in rat brain with multiphase arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1557-1569. [PMID: 29498562 PMCID: PMC6681434 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18756218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow is an important parameter in many diseases and functional studies that can be accurately measured in humans using arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI. However, although rat models are frequently used for preclinical studies of both human disease and brain function, rat CBF measurements show poor consistency between studies. This lack of reproducibility is due, partly, to the smaller size and differing head geometry of rats compared to humans, as well as the differing analysis methodologies employed and higher field strengths used for preclinical MRI. To address these issues, we have implemented, optimised and validated a multiphase pseudo-continuous ASL technique, which overcomes many of the limitations of rat CBF measurement. Three rat strains (Wistar, Sprague Dawley and Berlin Druckrey IX) were used, and CBF values validated against gold-standard autoradiography measurements. Label positioning was found to be optimal at 45°, while post-label delay was optimised to 0.55 s. Whole brain CBF measures were 109 ± 22, 111 ± 18 and 100 ± 15 mL/100 g/min by multiphase pCASL, and 108 ± 12, 116 ± 14 and 122 ± 16 mL/100 g/min by autoradiography in Wistar, SD and BDIX cohorts, respectively. Tumour model analysis shows that the developed methods also apply in disease states. Thus, optimised multiphase pCASL provides robust, reproducible and non-invasive measurement of CBF in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Larkin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research
UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manon A Simard
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research
UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research
UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James A Meakin
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative
Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital,
Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas W Okell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative
Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital,
Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Craig
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin J Ray
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research
UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Jezzard
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative
Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital,
Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nicola R Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research
UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology,
University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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27
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Ray KJ, Simard MA, Larkin JR, Coates J, Kinchesh P, Smart SC, Higgins GS, Chappell MA, Sibson NR. Tumor pH and Protein Concentration Contribute to the Signal of Amide Proton Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1343-1352. [PMID: 30679178 PMCID: PMC6462213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal pH is a common feature of malignant tumors and has been associated clinically with suboptimal outcomes. Amide proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging (APT MRI) holds promise as a means to noninvasively measure tumor pH, yet multiple factors collectively make quantification of tumor pH from APT MRI data challenging. The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the biophysical sources of altered APT MRI signals in tumors. Combining in vivo APT MRI measurements with ex vivo histological measurements of protein concentration in a rat model of brain metastasis, we determined that the proportion of APT MRI signal originating from changes in protein concentration was approximately 66%, with the remaining 34% originating from changes in tumor pH. In a mouse model of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu), APT MRI showed that a reduction in tumor hypoxia was associated with a shift in tumor pH. The results of this study extend our understanding of APT MRI data and may enable the use of APT MRI to infer the pH of individual patients' tumors as either a biomarker for therapy stratification or as a measure of therapeutic response in clinical settings. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings advance our understanding of amide proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging (APT MRI) of tumors and may improve the interpretation of APT MRI in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Ray
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manon A Simard
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Coates
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C Smart
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff S Higgins
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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28
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Cheng VWT, Soto MS, Khrapitchev AA, Perez-Balderas F, Zakaria R, Jenkinson MD, Middleton MR, Sibson NR. VCAM-1-targeted MRI Enables Detection of Brain Micrometastases from Different Primary Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:533-543. [PMID: 30389659 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A major issue for the effective treatment of brain metastasis is the late stage of diagnosis with existing clinical tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)-targeted MRI for early detection of brain micrometastases in mouse models across multiple primary tumor types.Experimental Design: Xenograft models of brain micrometastasis for human breast carcinoma (MDA231Br-GFP), lung adenocarcinoma (SEBTA-001), and melanoma (H1_DL2) were established via intracardiac injection in mice. Animals (n = 5-6/group) were injected intravenously with VCAM-1-targeted microparticles of iron oxide (VCAM-MPIO) and, subsequently, underwent T 2*-weighted MRI. Control groups of naïve mice injected with VCAM-MPIO and tumor-bearing mice injected with nontargeting IgG-MPIO were included. RESULTS All models showed disseminated micrometastases in the brain, together with endothelial VCAM-1 upregulation across the time course. T 2*-weighted MRI of all tumor-bearing mice injected with VCAM-MPIO showed significantly more signal hypointensities (P < 0.001; two-sided) than control cohorts, despite a lack of blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment. Specific MPIO binding to VCAM-1-positive tumor-associated vessels was confirmed histologically. VCAM-1 expression was demonstrated in human brain metastasis samples, across all three primary tumor types. CONCLUSIONS VCAM-1-targeted MRI enables the detection of brain micrometastases from the three primary tumor types known to cause the majority of clinical cases. These findings represent an important step forward in the development of a broadly applicable and clinically relevant imaging technique for early diagnosis of brain metastasis, with significant implications for improved patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinton W T Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rasheed Zakaria
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Jenkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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29
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Zheng XY, Pellico J, Khrapitchev AA, Sibson NR, Davis JJ. Dy-DOTA integrated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as promising ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Nanoscale 2018; 10:21041-21045. [PMID: 30427363 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrating Dy-DOTA motifs into mesoporous silica nanoparticle scaffolds generates remarkable ultrahigh field T2 relaxivities for a well-defined and tailorable contrast agent, attributed to enhanced Curie outer-sphere contributions as supported by simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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30
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Abstract
The immune landscape in brain metastasis is a very heterogeneous framework. Amongst a broad plethora of cells within the tumor microenvironment, the presence of activated microglia has been perfectly described. The innate role of microglial cells is to detect and eliminate any insults that may disturb the regular behavior of the brain. As part of its defensive role, it releases pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that aim to modulate the inflammatory scenario at the metastatic foci. However, the long term effects that these cells may exert on the metastatic progression is not clear. One of the biggest challenges in the field is to distinguish between brain resident microglial cells and infiltrated bone-marrow derived macrophages. Part of this issue is the fact that both cell types share similar phenotypes. Current studies are based on the modulation of the immune response against cancer cells (immunotherapy). However, most of current clinical trials and newly developed drugs focus on the adaptive immune response (e.g., immune blockade check-points). Additionally, the unique structure of the central nervous system with the presence of the blood-brain barrier have hindered a significant advance in novel therapies against brain metastasis. In this manuscript, we describe current advances in characterization of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages, the importance of microglia during the anti-cancerous response, and the future direction for the development of new strategies against this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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31
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Buck J, Larkin JR, Simard MA, Khrapitchev AA, Chappell MA, Sibson NR. Sensitivity of Multiphase Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin Labelling (MP pCASL) Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Measuring Brain and Tumour Blood Flow in Mice. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2018; 2018:4580919. [PMID: 30532663 PMCID: PMC6247770 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4580919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain and tumour blood flow can be measured noninvasively using arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but reliable quantification in mouse models remains difficult. Pseudocontinuous ASL (pCASL) is recommended as the clinical standard for ASL and can be improved using multiphase labelling (MP pCASL). The aim of this study was to optimise and validate MP pCASL MRI for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement in mice and to assess its sensitivity to tumour perfusion. Following optimization of the MP pCASL sequence, CBF data were compared with gold-standard autoradiography, showing close agreement. Subsequently, MP pCASL data were acquired at weekly intervals in models of primary and secondary brain tumours, and tumour microvessel density was determined histologically. MP pCASL measurements in a secondary brain tumour model revealed a significant reduction in blood flow at day 35 after induction, despite a higher density of blood vessels. Tumour core regions also showed reduced blood flow compared with the tumour rim. Similarly, significant reductions in CBF were found in a model of glioma 28 days after tumour induction, together with an increased density of blood vessels. These findings indicate that MP pCASL MRI provides accurate and robust measurements of cerebral blood flow in naïve mice and is sensitive to changes in tumour perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Buck
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK
| | - James R. Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK
| | - Manon A. Simard
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre A. Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael A. Chappell
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7LE, Oxford, UK
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Zarghami N, Khrapitchev AA, Perez-Balderas F, Soto MS, Larkin JR, Bau L, Sibson NR. Optimization of molecularly targeted MRI in the brain: empirical comparison of sequences and particles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4345-4359. [PMID: 30100719 PMCID: PMC6064157 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s158071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular MRI is an evolving field of research with strong translational potential. Selection of the appropriate MRI sequence, field strength and contrast agent depend largely on the application. The primary aims of the current study were to: 1) assess the sensitivity of different MRI sequences for detection of iron oxide particles in mouse brain; 2) determine the effect of magnetic field strength on detection of iron oxide particles in vivo; and 3) compare the sensitivity of targeted microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) or ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) for detection of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in vivo. METHODS Mice were injected intrastriatally with interleukin 1β to induce VCAM-1 expression on the cerebral vasculature. Subsequently, animals were injected intravenously with either VCAM-MPIO or VCAM-USPIO and imaged 1 or 13 hours post-injection, respectively. MRI was performed at 4.7, 7.0, or 9.4 T, using three different T2*-weighted sequences: single gradient echo 3D (GE3D), multi-gradient echo 3D (MGE3D) and balanced steady-state free precession 3D (bSSFP3D). RESULTS MGE3D yielded the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the detection of iron oxide particles. All sequences showed a significant increase in SNR and CNR from 4.7 to 7.0 T, but no further improvement at 9.4 T. However, whilst targeted MPIO enabled sensitive detection of VCAM-1 expression on the cerebral vasculature, the long half-life (16.5 h vs 1.2 min) and lower relaxivity per particle (1.29×10-14 vs 1.18×10-9 Hz L/particle) of USPIO vs. MPIO rendered them impractical for molecular MRI. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate clear advantages of MPIO compared to USPIO for molecularly-targeted MRI, and indicate that the MGE3D sequence is optimal for MPIO detection. Moreover, higher field strengths (7.0/9.4 T) showed enhanced sensitivity over lower field strengths (4.7 T). With the development of biodegradable MPIO, these agents hold promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Zarghami
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Luca Bau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
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Falzone N, Ackerman NL, Rosales LDLF, Bernal MA, Liu X, Peeters SGJA, Soto MS, Corroyer-Dulmont A, Bernaudin M, Grimoin E, Touzani O, Sibson NR, Vallis KA. Dosimetric evaluation of radionuclides for VCAM-1-targeted radionuclide therapy of early brain metastases. Theranostics 2018; 8:292-303. [PMID: 29290808 PMCID: PMC5743475 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases develop frequently in patients with breast cancer, and present a pressing therapeutic challenge. Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is upregulated on brain endothelial cells during the early stages of metastasis and provides a target for the detection and treatment of early brain metastases. The aim of this study was to use a model of early brain metastasis to evaluate the efficacy of α-emitting radionuclides, 149Tb, 211At, 212Pb, 213Bi and 225Ac; β-emitting radionuclides, 90Y, 161Tb and 177Lu; and Auger electron (AE)-emitters 67Ga, 89Zr, 111In and 124I, for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). METHODS Histologic sections and two photon microscopy of mouse brain parenchyma were used to inform a cylindrical vessel geometry using the Geant4 general purpose Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit with the Geant4-DNA low energy physics models. Energy deposition was evaluated as a radial function and the resulting phase spaces were superimposed on a DNA model to estimate double-strand break (DSB) yields for representative β- and α-emitters, 177Lu and 212Pb. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values were determined by only evaluating DNA damage due to physical interactions. RESULTS 177Lu produced 2.69 ± 0.08 DSB per GbpGy, without significant variation from the lumen of the vessel to a radius of 100 µm. The DSB yield of 212Pb included two local maxima produced by the 6.1 MeV and 8.8 MeV α-emissions from decay products, 212Bi and 212Po, with yields of 7.64 ± 0.12 and 9.15 ± 0.24 per GbpGy, respectively. Given its higher DSB yield 212Pb may be more effective for short range targeting of early micrometastatic lesions than 177Lu. CONCLUSION MC simulation of a model of early brain metastases provides invaluable insight into the potential efficacy of α-, β- and AE-emitting radionuclides for TRT. 212Pb, which has the attributes of a theranostic radionuclide since it can be used for SPECT imaging, showed a favorable dose profile and RBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Falzone
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole L. Ackerman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Mario A. Bernal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah GJA Peeters
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Elisa Grimoin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Omar Touzani
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, Caen, France
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Jurynczyk M, Probert F, Yeo T, Tackley G, Claridge TDW, Cavey A, Woodhall MR, Arora S, Winkler T, Schiffer E, Vincent A, DeLuca G, Sibson NR, Isabel Leite M, Waters P, Anthony DC, Palace J. Metabolomics reveals distinct, antibody-independent, molecular signatures of MS, AQP4-antibody and MOG-antibody disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:95. [PMID: 29208041 PMCID: PMC5718082 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlapping clinical features of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-antibody (Ab) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-Ab disease mean that detection of disease specific serum antibodies is the gold standard in diagnostics. However, antibody levels are not prognostic and may become undetectable after treatment or during remission. Therefore, there is still a need to discover antibody-independent biomarkers. We sought to discover whether plasma metabolic profiling could provide biomarkers of these three diseases and explore if the metabolic differences are independent of antibody titre. Plasma samples from 108 patients (34 RRMS, 54 AQP4-Ab NMOSD, and 20 MOG-Ab disease) were analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy followed by lipoprotein profiling. Orthogonal partial-least squares discriminatory analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to identify significant differences in the plasma metabolite concentrations and produce models (mathematical algorithms) capable of identifying these diseases. In all instances, the models were highly discriminatory, with a distinct metabolite pattern identified for each disease. In addition, OPLS-DA identified AQP4-Ab NMOSD patient samples with low/undetectable antibody levels with an accuracy of 92%. The AQP4-Ab NMOSD metabolic profile was characterised by decreased levels of scyllo-inositol and small high density lipoprotein particles along with an increase in large low density lipoprotein particles relative to both RRMS and MOG-Ab disease. RRMS plasma exhibited increased histidine and glucose, along with decreased lactate, alanine, and large high density lipoproteins while MOG-Ab disease plasma was defined by increases in formate and leucine coupled with decreased myo-inositol. Despite overlap in clinical measures in these three diseases, the distinct plasma metabolic patterns support their distinct serological profiles and confirm that these conditions are indeed different at a molecular level. The metabolites identified provide a molecular signature of each condition which is independent of antibody titre and EDSS, with potential use for disease monitoring and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jurynczyk
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Tianrong Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - George Tackley
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ana Cavey
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mark R Woodhall
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Siddharth Arora
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Woodstock Rd, Oxford, OX2 6GC, UK
| | | | - Eric Schiffer
- Numares AG, Am Biopark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Angela Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gabriele DeLuca
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX37DQ, Oxford, UK
| | - M Isabel Leite
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Patrick Waters
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Level 3, West Wing, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Andreou KE, Soto MS, Allen D, Economopoulos V, de Bernardi A, Larkin JR, Sibson NR. Anti-inflammatory Microglia/Macrophages As a Potential Therapeutic Target in Brain Metastasis. Front Oncol 2017; 7:251. [PMID: 29164051 PMCID: PMC5670100 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a common complication of cancer patients and is associated with poor survival. Histological data from patients with brain metastases suggest that microglia are the major immune population activated around the metastatic foci. Microglia and macrophages have the ability to polarize to different phenotypes and to exert both tumorigenic and cytotoxic effects. However, the role of microglia/macrophages during the early stages of metastatic growth in the brain has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to profile microglial/macrophage activation in a mouse model of breast cancer brain metastasis during the early stages of tumor growth, and to assess the role of the anti-inflammatory microglial/macrophage population, specifically, during this phase. Following intracerebral injection of 5 × 103 4T1-GFP mammary carcinoma cells into female BALB/c mice, robust microglial/macrophage activation around the 4T1 metastatic foci was evident throughout the time-course studied (28 days) and correlated positively with tumor volume (R2 = 0.67). Populations of classically (proinflammatory) and alternatively (anti-inflammatory) activated microglia/macrophages were identified immunohistochemically by expression of either induced nitric oxide synthase/cyclooxygenase 2 or mannose receptor 1/arginase 1, respectively. Temporally, levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cells were broadly stable across the time-course. Subsequently, selective depletion of the anti-inflammatory microglia/macrophage population by intracerebral injection of mannosylated clodronate liposomes significantly reduced metastatic tumor burden (p < 0.01). Moreover, increased levels of apoptosis were associated with tumors in clodronate liposome treated animals compared to controls (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that microglia/macrophages are important effectors of the inflammatory response in the early stages of brain metastasis, and that targeting the anti-inflammatory microglial/macrophage population may offer an effective new therapeutic avenue for patients with brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleopatra E. Andreou
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Allen
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Economopoulos
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Axel de Bernardi
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Larkin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Małecki A, Skipor-Lahuta J, Toborek M, Abbott NJ, Antonetti DA, Su EJ, Lawrence DA, Atış M, Akcan U, Yılmaz CU, Orhan N, Düzgün P, Ceylan UD, Arıcan N, Karahüseyinoğlu S, Şahin GN, Ahıshalı B, Kaya M, Aydin S, Klopstein A, Engelhardt B, Baumann J, Tsao CC, Huang SF, Ogunshola O, Boytsova EB, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Pozhilenkova EA, Gorina YV, Martynova GP, Salmina AB, Bueno D, Garcia-Fernàndez J, Castro V, Skowronska M, Toborek M, Chupel MU, Minuzzi LG, Filaire E, Teixeira AM, Corsi M, Versele R, Fuso A, Sevin E, Di Lorenzo C, Businaro R, Fenart L, Gosselet F, Candela P, Deli MA, Delaney C, O’Keefe E, Farrell M, Doyle S, Campbell M, Drewes LR, Appelt-Menzel A, Cubukova A, Metzger M, Fischer R, Francisco DMF, Bruggmann R, Fries A, Blecharz KG, Wagner J, Winkler L, Schneider U, Vajkoczy P, Furuse M, Gabbert L, Dilling C, Sisario D, Soukhoroukov V, Burek M, Guérit S, Fidan E, Devraj K, Czupalla CJ, Macas J, Thom S, Plate KH, Gerhardt H, Liebner S, Harazin A, Bocsik A, Váradi J, Fenyvesi F, Tubak V, Vecsernyés M, Helms HC, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen CU, Brodin B, Hoyk Z, Tóth ME, Lénárt N, Dukay B, Kittel Á, Vígh J, Veszelka S, Walter F, Zvara Á, Puskás L, Sántha M, Engelhardt S, Ogunshola OO, Huber A, Reitner A, Osmen S, Hahn K, Bounzina N, Gerhartl A, Schönegger A, Steinkellner H, Laccone F, Neuhaus W, Hudson N, Celkova L, Iltzsche A, Drndarski S, Begley DJ, Janiurek MM, Kucharz K, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Lauritzen M, Johnson RH, Kho DT, O’Carroll SJ, Angel CE, Graham ES, Pereira J, Karali CS, Cheng V, Zarghami N, Soto MS, Couch Y, Anthony DC, Sibson NR, Kealy J, Keep RF, Routhe LJ, Xiang J, Ye H, Hua Y, Moos T, Xi G, Kristensen M, Bach A, Strømgaard K, Kutuzov N, Lopes-Pinheiro MA, Lim J, Kamermans A, van Horssen J, Unger WW, Fontijn R, de Vries HE, Majerova P, Garruto RM, Marchetti L, Francisco D, Gruber I, Lyck R, Mészáros M, Porkoláb G, Kiss L, Pilbat AM, Török Z, Bozsó Z, Fülöp L, Michalicova A, Galba J, Mihaljevic S, Novak M, Kovac A, Morofuji Y, Fujimoto T, Watanabe D, Nakagawa S, Ujifuku K, Horie N, Izumo T, Anda T, Matsuo T, Niu F, Buch S, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Kozma M, Nagyőszi P, Nagy K, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Molnár K, Farkas AE, Galajda P, Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA, Kelly E, Wallace E, Greene C, Hughes S, Kealy J, Doyle N, Humphries MM, Grant GA, Friedman A, Veksler R, Molloy MG, Meaney JF, Pender N, Doherty CP, Park M, Liskiewicz A, Przybyla M, Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz D, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Malecki A, Pombero A, Garcia-Lopez R, Martinez-Morga M, Martinez S, Prager O, Solomon-Kamintsky L, Schoknecht K, Bar-Klein G, Milikovsky D, Vazana U, Rosenbach D, Kovács R, Friedman A, Radak Z, Rodríguez-Lorenzo S, Bruggmann R, Kooij G, de Vries HE, Oxana SG, Denis B, Elena V, Anna A, Alla S, Vladimir S, Andrey M, Nataliya M, Elena K, Elizaveta B, Alexander S, Nikita N, Alla B, Yirong Y, Arkady A, Artem G, Mariya U, Anastasia S, Madina B, Artem S, Alexander K, Esmat SA, Valery P, Artem T, Jürgen K, de Abreu MS, Calpena AC, Espina M, García ML, Romero IA, Male D, Storck S, Hartz A, Pahnke J, Surma CU, Surma M, Giżejewski Z, Zieliński H, Szczepkowska A, Kowalewska M, Krawczynska A, Herman AP, Skipor J, Kachappilly N, Veenstra M, Rivera RL, Williams DW, Morgello S, Berman JW, Wyneken U, Batiz LF, Temizyürek A, Khodadust R, Küçük M, Gürses C, Emik S, Zielińska M, Obara-Michlewska M, Milewski K, Skonieczna E, Fręśko I, Neuwelt EA, Maria ARS, Bras AR, Lipka D, Valkai S, Kincses A, Dér A, Deli MA. Abstracts from the 20th International Symposium on Signal Transduction at the Blood-Brain Barriers. Fluids Barriers CNS 2017. [PMCID: PMC5667590 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-017-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Sutherland BA, Fordsmann JC, Martin C, Neuhaus AA, Witgen BM, Piilgaard H, Lønstrup M, Couch Y, Sibson NR, Lauritzen M, Buchan AM. Multi-modal assessment of neurovascular coupling during cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion using remote middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2494-2508. [PMID: 27629101 PMCID: PMC5531347 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16669512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperacute changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion are important determinants of injury. Cerebral blood flow is regulated by neurovascular coupling, and disruption of neurovascular coupling contributes to brain plasticity and repair problems. However, it is unknown how neurovascular coupling is affected hyperacutely during cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion. We have developed a remote middle cerebral artery occlusion model in the rat, which enables multi-modal assessment of neurovascular coupling immediately prior to, during and immediately following reperfusion. Male Wistar rats were subjected to remote middle cerebral artery occlusion, where a long filament was advanced intraluminally through a guide cannula in the common carotid artery. Transcallosal stimulation evoked increases in blood flow, tissue oxygenation and neuronal activity, which were diminished by middle cerebral artery occlusion and partially restored during reperfusion. These evoked responses were not affected by administration of the thrombolytic alteplase at clinically used doses. Evoked cerebral blood flow responses were fully restored at 24 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion indicating that neurovascular dysfunction was not sustained. These data show for the first time that the rat remote middle cerebral artery occlusion model coupled with transcallosal stimulation provides a novel method for continuous assessment of hyperacute neurovascular coupling changes during ischaemia and reperfusion, and offers unique insight into hyperacute ischaemic pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Sutherland
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jonas C Fordsmann
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris Martin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ain A Neuhaus
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brent M Witgen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Piilgaard
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Micael Lønstrup
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
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Abstract
Secondary tumours in the brain account for 40 % of triple negative breast cancer patients, and the percentage may be higher at the time of autopsy. The use of in vivo models allow us to recapitulate the molecular mechanisms potentially used by circulating breast tumour cells to proliferate within the brain.Metastasis is a multistep process that depends on the success of several stages including cell evasion from the primary tumour, distribution and survival within the blood stream and cerebral microvasculature, penetration of the blood-brain barrier and proliferation within the brain microenvironment. Cellular adhesion molecules are key proteins involved in all of the steps in the metastatic process. Our group has developed two different in vivo models to encompass both seeding and colonisation stages of the metastatic process: (1) haematogenous dissemination of tumour cells by direct injection into the left ventricle of the heart, and (2) direct implantation of the tumour cells into the mouse brain.This chapter describes, in detail, the practical implementation of the intracerebral model, which can be used to analyse tumour proliferation within a specific area of the central nervous system and tumour-host cell interactions. We also describe the use of immunohistochemistry techniques to identify, at the molecular scale, tumour-host cell interactions, which may open new windows for brain metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
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39
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Howarth C, Sutherland B, Choi HB, Martin C, Lind BL, Khennouf L, LeDue JM, Pakan JMP, Ko RWY, Ellis-Davies G, Lauritzen M, Sibson NR, Buchan AM, MacVicar BA. A Critical Role for Astrocytes in Hypercapnic Vasodilation in Brain. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2403-2414. [PMID: 28137973 PMCID: PMC5354350 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0005-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is controlled by arterial blood pressure, arterial CO2, arterial O2, and brain activity and is largely constant in the awake state. Although small changes in arterial CO2 are particularly potent to change CBF (1 mmHg variation in arterial CO2 changes CBF by 3%-4%), the coupling mechanism is incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that astrocytic prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) plays a key role for cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, and that preserved synthesis of glutathione is essential for the full development of this response. We combined two-photon imaging microscopy in brain slices with in vivo work in rats and C57BL/6J mice to examine the hemodynamic responses to CO2 and somatosensory stimulation before and after inhibition of astrocytic glutathione and PgE2 synthesis. We demonstrate that hypercapnia (increased CO2) evokes an increase in astrocyte [Ca2+]i and stimulates COX-1 activity. The enzyme downstream of COX-1 that synthesizes PgE2 (microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1) depends critically for its vasodilator activity on the level of glutathione in the brain. We show that, when glutathione levels are reduced, astrocyte calcium-evoked release of PgE2 is decreased and vasodilation triggered by increased astrocyte [Ca2+]iin vitro and by hypercapnia in vivo is inhibited. Astrocyte synthetic pathways, dependent on glutathione, are involved in cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 Reductions in glutathione levels in aging, stroke, or schizophrenia could lead to dysfunctional regulation of CBF and subsequent neuronal damage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal activity leads to the generation of CO2, which has previously been shown to evoke cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases via the release of the vasodilator PgE2 We demonstrate that hypercapnia (increased CO2) evokes increases in astrocyte calcium signaling, which in turn stimulates COX-1 activity and generates downstream PgE2 production. We demonstrate that astrocyte calcium-evoked production of the vasodilator PgE2 is critically dependent on brain levels of the antioxidant glutathione. These data suggest a novel role for astrocytes in the regulation of CO2-evoked CBF responses. Furthermore, these results suggest that depleted glutathione levels, which occur in aging and stroke, will give rise to dysfunctional CBF regulation and may result in subsequent neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Howarth
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, United Kingdom
| | - Brad Sutherland
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun B Choi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chris Martin
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Lykke Lind
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lila Khennouf
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Janelle M P Pakan
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rebecca W Y Ko
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Graham Ellis-Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10028, and
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom,
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,
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40
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Perez-Balderas F, van Kasteren SI, Aljabali AAA, Wals K, Serres S, Jefferson A, Sarmiento Soto M, Khrapitchev AA, Larkin JR, Bristow C, Lee SS, Bort G, De Simone F, Campbell SJ, Choudhury RP, Anthony DC, Sibson NR, Davis BG. Covalent assembly of nanoparticles as a peptidase-degradable platform for molecular MRI. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14254. [PMID: 28198362 PMCID: PMC5316865 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-conjugated microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) have the potential to provide high sensitivity contrast for molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the accumulation and persistence of non-biodegradable micron-sized particles in liver and spleen precludes their clinical use and limits the translational potential of MPIO-based contrast agents. Here we show that ligand-targeted MPIO derived from multiple iron oxide nanoparticles may be coupled covalently through peptide linkers that are designed to be cleaved by intracellular macrophage proteases. The synthesized particles possess potential characteristics for targeted MRI contrast agents, including high relaxivity, unappreciable sedimentation, clearance from circulation and no overt toxicity. Importantly, we demonstrate that these particles are rapidly degraded both in vitro and in vivo, and that the targeted probes can be used for detection of inflammation in vivo using MRI. This approach provides a platform for molecular MRI contrast agents that is potentially more suitable for translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sander I. van Kasteren
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kim Wals
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Andrew Jefferson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alexandre A. Khrapitchev
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Claire Bristow
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Seung Seo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Guillaume Bort
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Filippo De Simone
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sandra J. Campbell
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Robin P. Choudhury
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Oxford Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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41
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Mars RB, Foxley S, Verhagen L, Jbabdi S, Sallet J, Noonan MP, Neubert FX, Andersson JL, Croxson PL, Dunbar RIM, Khrapitchev AA, Sibson NR, Miller KL, Rushworth MFS. The extreme capsule fiber complex in humans and macaque monkeys: a comparative diffusion MRI tractography study. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:4059-4071. [PMID: 26627483 PMCID: PMC5065901 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We compared the course and cortical projections of white matter fibers passing through the extreme capsule in humans and macaques. Previous comparisons of this tract have suggested a uniquely human posterior projection, but these studies have always employed different techniques in the different species. Here we used the same technique, diffusion MRI, in both species to avoid attributing differences in techniques to differences in species. Diffusion MRI-based probabilistic tractography was performed from a seed area in the extreme capsule in both human and macaques. We compared in vivo data of humans and macaques as well as one high-resolution ex vivo macaque dataset. Tractography in the macaque was able to replicate most results known from macaque tracer studies, including selective innervation of frontal cortical areas and targets in the superior temporal cortex. In addition, however, we also observed some tracts that are not commonly reported in macaque tracer studies and that are more reminiscent of results previously only reported in the human. In humans, we show that the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex innervations are broadly similar to those in the macaque. These results suggest that evolutionary changes in the human extreme capsule fiber complex are likely more gradual than punctuated. Further, they demonstrate both the potential and limitations of diffusion MRI tractography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier B Mars
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sean Foxley
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - MaryAnn P Noonan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Franz-Xaver Neubert
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Jesper L Andersson
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paula L Croxson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Robin I M Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Karla L Miller
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
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42
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Ray KJ, Larkin JR, Tee YK, Khrapitchev AA, Karunanithy G, Barber M, Baldwin AJ, Chappell MA, Sibson NR. Determination of an optimally sensitive and specific chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI quantification metric in relevant biological phantoms. NMR Biomed 2016; 29:1624-1633. [PMID: 27686882 PMCID: PMC5095597 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop realistic phantom models of the intracellular environment of metastatic breast tumour and naïve brain, and using these models determine an analysis metric for quantification of CEST MRI data that is sensitive to only labile proton exchange rate and concentration. The ability of the optimal metric to quantify pH differences in the phantoms was also evaluated. Novel phantom models were produced, by adding perchloric acid extracts of either metastatic mouse breast carcinoma cells or healthy mouse brain to bovine serum albumin. The phantom model was validated using 1 H NMR spectroscopy, then utilized to determine the sensitivity of CEST MRI to changes in pH, labile proton concentration, T1 time and T2 time; six different CEST MRI analysis metrics (MTRasym , APT*, MTRRex , AREX and CESTR* with and without T1 /T2 compensation) were compared. The new phantom models were highly representative of the in vivo intracellular environment of both tumour and brain tissue. Of the analysis methods compared, CESTR* with T1 and T2 time compensation was optimally specific to changes in the CEST effect (i.e. minimal contamination from T1 or T2 variation). In phantoms with identical protein concentrations, pH differences between phantoms could be quantified with a mean accuracy of 0.6 pH units. We propose that CESTR* with T1 and T2 time compensation is the optimal analysis method for these phantoms. Analysis of CEST MRI data with T1 /T2 time compensated CESTR* is reproducible between phantoms, and its application in vivo may resolve the intracellular alkalosis associated with breast cancer brain metastases without the need for exogenous contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Ray
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Yee K Tee
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Gogulan Karunanithy
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Michael Barber
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Andrew J Baldwin
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.
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43
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Larkin JR, Dickens AM, Claridge TDW, Bristow C, Andreou K, Anthony DC, Sibson NR. Early Diagnosis of Brain Metastases Using a Biofluids-Metabolomics Approach in Mice. Theranostics 2016; 6:2161-2169. [PMID: 27924154 PMCID: PMC5135440 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 20% of cancer patients will develop brain metastases. Prognosis is currently extremely poor, largely owing to late-stage diagnosis. We hypothesized that biofluid metabolomics could detect tumours at the micrometastatic stage, prior to the current clinical gold-standard of blood-brain barrier breakdown. Metastatic mammary carcinoma cells (4T1-GFP) were injected into BALB/c mice via intracerebral, intracardiac or intravenous routes to induce differing cerebral and systemic tumour burdens. B16F10 melanoma and MDA231BR-GFP human breast carcinoma cells were used for additional modelling. Urine metabolite composition was analysed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Statistical pattern recognition and modelling was applied to identify differences or commonalities indicative of brain metastasis burden. Significant metabolic profile separations were found between control cohorts and animals with tumour burdens at all time-points for the intracerebral 4T1-GFP time-course. Models became stronger, with higher sensitivity and specificity, as the time-course progressed indicating a more severe tumour burden. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting a blinded testing set were 0.89 and 0.82, respectively, at day 5, both rising to 1.00 at day 35. Significant separations were also found between control and all 4T1-GFP injected mice irrespective of route. Likewise, significant separations were observed in B16F10 and MDA231BR-GFP cell line models. Metabolites underpinning each separation were identified. These findings demonstrate that brain metastases can be diagnosed in an animal model based on urinary metabolomics from micrometastatic stages. Furthermore, it is possible to separate differing systemic and CNS tumour burdens, suggesting a metabolite fingerprint specific to brain metastasis. This method has strong potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex M. Dickens
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Claire Bristow
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kleopatra Andreou
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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44
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Soto MS, O'Brien ER, Andreou K, Scrace SF, Zakaria R, Jenkinson MD, O'Neill E, Sibson NR. Disruption of tumour-host communication by downregulation of LFA-1 reduces COX-2 and e-NOS expression and inhibits brain metastasis growth. Oncotarget 2016; 7:52375-52391. [PMID: 27447568 PMCID: PMC5239559 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 20% of cancer patients will suffer metastatic spread to the brain, and prognosis remains poor. Communication between tumour cells and host tissue is essential during metastasis, yet little is known of the processes underlying such interactions in the brain.Here we test the hypothesis that cross-talk between tumour cells and host brain cells, through tumour cell leukocyte function associated protein-1 (LFA-1), is critical in metastasis development. Temporal expression of LFA-1 and its major ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was determined in two different mouse models of brain metastasis. Marked upregulation of both proteins was found, co-localising with astrocytes, microglia and tumour cells themselves. Silencing of LFA-1 expression in MDA231Br-GFP cells prior to intracerebral injection resulted in > 70% reduction in tumour burden compared to control MDA231Br-GFP cells (p < 0.005, n = 5). Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis of brain tissue revealed significant reductions in COX-2, VEGF and eNOS from host brain tissue, but not tumour cells, in mice injected with LFA-1 knockdown cells (p < 0.0001, n = 5). Finally, expression of both LFA-1 and ICAM-1 was demonstrated in human brain metastasis samples.The results of this study suggest LFA-1 as a new target in brain metastasis therapy and highlight the potential synergy with current anti-COX-2 and anti-NOS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Emma R. O'Brien
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Kleopatra Andreou
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Simon F. Scrace
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rasheed Zakaria
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Michael D. Jenkinson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, L97LJ, UK
| | - Eric O'Neill
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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45
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Raducu M, Fung E, Serres S, Infante P, Barberis A, Fischer R, Bristow C, Thézénas ML, Finta C, Christianson JC, Buffa FM, Kessler BM, Sibson NR, Di Marcotullio L, Toftgård R, D'Angiolella V. SCF (Fbxl17) ubiquitylation of Sufu regulates Hedgehog signaling and medulloblastoma development. EMBO J 2016; 35:1400-16. [PMID: 27234298 PMCID: PMC4884786 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligases direct cell survival decisions by controlling protein ubiquitylation and degradation. Sufu (Suppressor of fused) is a central regulator of Hh (Hedgehog) signaling and acts as a tumor suppressor by maintaining the Gli (Glioma-associated oncogene homolog) transcription factors inactive. Although Sufu has a pivotal role in Hh signaling, the players involved in controlling Sufu levels and their role in tumor growth are unknown. Here, we show that Fbxl17 (F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 17) targets Sufu for proteolysis in the nucleus. The ubiquitylation of Sufu, mediated by Fbxl17, allows the release of Gli1 from Sufu for proper Hh signal transduction. Depletion of Fbxl17 leads to defective Hh signaling associated with an impaired cancer cell proliferation and medulloblastoma tumor growth. Furthermore, we identify a mutation in Sufu, occurring in medulloblastoma of patients with Gorlin syndrome, which increases Sufu turnover through Fbxl17-mediated polyubiquitylation and leads to a sustained Hh signaling activation. In summary, our findings reveal Fbxl17 as a novel regulator of Hh pathway and highlight the perturbation of the Fbxl17-Sufu axis in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Raducu
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ella Fung
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barberis
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Bristow
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marie-Laëtitia Thézénas
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Csaba Finta
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Francesca M Buffa
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy Pasteur Institute/Cenci Bolognetti Foundation Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rune Toftgård
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Miller JJ, Lau AZ, Teh I, Schneider JE, Kinchesh P, Smart S, Ball V, Sibson NR, Tyler DJ. Robust and high resolution hyperpolarized metabolic imaging of the rat heart at 7 T with 3D spectral-spatial EPI. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1515-24. [PMID: 25991606 PMCID: PMC4556070 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized metabolic imaging has the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and management of diseases where metabolism is dysregulated, such as heart disease. We investigated the feasibility of imaging rodent myocardial metabolism at high resolution at 7 T. METHODS We present here a fly-back spectral-spatial radiofrequency pulse that sidestepped maximum gradient strength requirements and enabled high resolution metabolic imaging of the rodent myocardium. A 3D echo-planar imaging readout followed, with centric ordered z-phase encoding. The cardiac gated sequence was used to image metabolism in rodents whose metabolic state had been manipulated by being fasted, fed, or fed and given the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate. RESULTS We imaged hyperpolarized metabolites with a spatial resolution of 2×2×3.8 mm(3) and a temporal resolution of 1.8 s in the rat heart at 7 T. Significant differences in myocardial pyruvate dehydrogenase flux were observed between the three groups of animals, concomitant with the known biochemistry. CONCLUSION The proposed sequence was able to image in vivo metabolism with excellent spatial resolution in the rat heart. The field of view enabled the simultaneous multi-organ acquisition of metabolic information from the rat, which is of great utility for preclinical research in cardiovascular disease. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J. Miller
- Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Angus Z. Lau
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
| | - Irvin Teh
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
| | - Jürgen E. Schneider
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Sean Smart
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of OncologyCancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordEnglandUK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy & GeneticsUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordEnglandUK
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Ray KJ, Sibson NR, Kiltie AE. Corrigendum to "Treatment of Breast and Prostate Cancer by Hypofractionated Radiotherapy: Potential Risks and Benefits" [Clin Oncol 27 (7) (2015) 420-426]. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016; 28:161. [PMID: 28843381 PMCID: PMC5603484 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K J Ray
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A E Kiltie
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Spain A, Howarth C, Khrapitchev AA, Sharp T, Sibson NR, Martin C. Neurovascular and neuroimaging effects of the hallucinogenic serotonin receptor agonist psilocin in the rat brain. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:210-20. [PMID: 26192543 PMCID: PMC4655865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) has presented the opportunity for investigation of the neurophysiological effects of drugs in vivo. Psilocin, a hallucinogen metabolised from psilocybin, was recently reported to evoke brain region-specific, phMRI signal changes in humans. The present study investigated the effects of psilocin in a rat model using phMRI and then probed the relationship between neuronal and haemodynamic responses using a multimodal measurement preparation. Psilocin (2 mg/kg or 0.03 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle was administered to rats (N=6/group) during either phMRI scanning or concurrent imaging of cortical blood flow and recording of local field potentials. Compared to vehicle controls psilocin (2 mg/kg) evoked phMRI signal increases in a number of regions including olfactory and limbic areas and elements of the visual system. PhMRI signal decreases were seen in other regions including somatosensory and motor cortices. Investigation of neurovascular coupling revealed that whilst neuronal responses (local field potentials) to sensory stimuli were decreased in amplitude by psilocin administration, concurrently measured haemodynamic responses (cerebral blood flow) were enhanced. The present findings show that psilocin evoked region-specific changes in phMRI signals in the rat, confirming recent human data. However, the results also suggest that the haemodynamic signal changes underlying phMRI responses reflect changes in both neuronal activity and neurovascular coupling. This highlights the importance of understanding the neurovascular effects of pharmacological manipulations for interpreting haemodynamic neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK; Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Clare Howarth
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK; Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Chris Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK.
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49
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Dickens AM, Larkin JR, Davis BG, Griffin JL, Claridge TDW, Sibson NR, Anthony DC. NMR-Based Metabolomics Separates the Distinct Stages of Disease in a Chronic Relapsing Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:435-44. [PMID: 26155956 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (Cr-EAE) is commonly used to explore the pathogenesis and efficacy of new therapies for MS, but it is unclear whether the metabolome of Cr-EAE is comparable to human multiple sclerosis (MS). For MS, the diagnosis and staging can be achieved by metabolomics on blood using a combination of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Here, we sought to discover whether this approach could be used to differentiate between sequential disease states in Cr-EAE and whether the same metabolites would be discriminatory. Urine and plasma samples were obtained at different time-points from a clinically relevant model of MS. Using PLS-DA modelling for the urine samples furnished some predictive models, but could not discriminate between all disease states. However, PLS-DA modelling of the plasma samples was able to distinguish between animals with clinically silent disease (day 10, 28) and animals with active disease (day 14, 38). We were also able to distinguish Cr-EAE mice from naive mice at all-time points and control mice, treated with complete Freund's adjuvant alone, at day 14 and 38. Key metabolites that underpin these models included fatty acids, glucose and taurine. Two of these metabolites, fatty acids and glucose, were also key metabolites in separating relapsing-remitting MS from secondary-progressive MS in the human study. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of this metabolomics approach for distinguishing between different disease states. Furthermore, some, but not all, of the changes in metabolites were conserved in humans and the mouse model, which could be useful for future drug development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/blood
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/urine
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
- Metabolomics/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Biozzi
- Models, Theoretical
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/blood
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/urine
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Dickens
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Radiobiology Research Institute, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
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Ray KJ, Sibson NR, Kiltie AE. Treatment of Breast and Prostate Cancer by Hypofractionated Radiotherapy: Potential Risks and Benefits. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015; 27:420-6. [PMID: 25752244 PMCID: PMC4465964 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer and prostate cancer are the most common cancers diagnosed in women and men, respectively, in the UK, and radiotherapy is used extensively in the treatment of both. In vitro data suggest that tumours in the breast and prostate have unique properties that make a hypofractionated radiotherapy treatment schedule advantageous in terms of therapeutic index. Many clinical trials of hypofractionated radiotherapy treatment schedules have been completed to establish the extent to which hypofractionation can improve patient outcome. Here we present a concise description of hypofractionation, the mathematical description of converting between conventional and hypofractionated schedules, and the motivation for using hypofractionation in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Furthermore, we summarise the results of important recent hypofractionation trials and highlight the limitations of a hypofractionated treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Ray
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A E Kiltie
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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