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Neves Silva S, McElroy S, Aviles Verdera J, Colford K, St Clair K, Tomi-Tricot R, Uus A, Ozenne V, Hall M, Story L, Pushparajah K, Rutherford MA, Hajnal JV, Hutter J. Fully automated planning for anatomical fetal brain MRI on 0.55T. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38650351 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Widening the availability of fetal MRI with fully automatic real-time planning of radiological brain planes on 0.55T MRI. METHODS Deep learning-based detection of key brain landmarks on a whole-uterus echo planar imaging scan enables the subsequent fully automatic planning of the radiological single-shot Turbo Spin Echo acquisitions. The landmark detection pipeline was trained on over 120 datasets from varying field strength, echo times, and resolutions and quantitatively evaluated. The entire automatic planning solution was tested prospectively in nine fetal subjects between 20 and 37 weeks. A comprehensive evaluation of all steps, the distance between manual and automatic landmarks, the planning quality, and the resulting image quality was conducted. RESULTS Prospective automatic planning was performed in real-time without latency in all subjects. The landmark detection accuracy was 4.2± $$ \pm $$ 2.6 mm for the fetal eyes and 6.5± $$ \pm $$ 3.2 for the cerebellum, planning quality was 2.4/3 (compared to 2.6/3 for manual planning) and diagnostic image quality was 2.2 compared to 2.1 for manual planning. CONCLUSIONS Real-time automatic planning of all three key fetal brain planes was successfully achieved and will pave the way toward simplifying the acquisition of fetal MRI thereby widening the availability of this modality in nonspecialist centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Neves Silva
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah McElroy
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Camberley, UK
| | - Jordina Aviles Verdera
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathleen Colford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kamilah St Clair
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Raphael Tomi-Tricot
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Camberley, UK
| | - Alena Uus
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valéry Ozenne
- CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, IHU Liryc, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Megan Hall
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Women & Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Story
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Women & Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kuberan Pushparajah
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Smart Imaging Lab, Radiological Institute, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Panteleienko L, Mallon D, Oliver R, Toosy A, Hoshino Y, Murakami A, Kaushik K, Wermer MJH, Hara H, Yakushiji Y, Banerjee G, Werring DJ. Iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy in older adults. Eur J Neurol 2024:e16278. [PMID: 38511868 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An increasing number of cases of iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) have now been reported worldwide. Proposed diagnostic criteria require a history of medical intervention with potential for amyloid-β transmission, for example those using cadaveric dura mater or requiring instrumentation of the brain or spinal cord. Clinical presentation occurs after an appropriate latency (usually three or four decades); to date, most patients with iatrogenic CAA have had 'early-onset' disease (compared to sporadic, age-related, CAA), as a consequence of childhood procedures. RESULTS We describe five cases of possible iatrogenic CAA in adults presenting in later life (aged 65 years and older); all had prior neurosurgical interventions and presented after a latency suggestive of iatrogenic disease (range 30-39 years). Use of cadaveric dura mater was confirmed in one case, and highly likely in the remainder. CONCLUSION The presentation of iatrogenic CAA in older adults widens the known potential spectrum of this disease and highlights the difficulties of making the diagnosis in this age group, and particularly in differentiating iatrogenic from sporadic CAA. Increased vigilance for cases presenting at an older age is essential for furthering our understanding of the clinical phenotype and broader implications of iatrogenic CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Panteleienko
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dermot Mallon
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rupert Oliver
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ahmed Toosy
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yuki Hoshino
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Aya Murakami
- Department of Neurology Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Kanishk Kaushik
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J H Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Hara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yakushiji
- Department of Neurology Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Gargi Banerjee
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - David J Werring
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Colman MA, Varela M, MacLeod RS, Hancox JC, Aslanidi OV. Interactions between calcium-induced arrhythmia triggers and the electrophysiological-anatomical substrate underlying the induction of atrial fibrillation. J Physiol 2024; 602:835-853. [PMID: 38372694 DOI: 10.1113/jp285740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is sustained by spontaneous focal excitations and re-entry. Spontaneous electrical firing in the pulmonary vein (PV) sleeves is implicated in AF generation. The aim of this simulation study was to identify the mechanisms determining the localisation of AF triggers in the PVs and their contribution to the genesis of AF. A novel biophysical model of the canine atria was used that integrates stochastic, spontaneous subcellular Ca2+ release events (SCRE) with regional electrophysiological heterogeneity in ionic properties and a detailed three-dimensional model of atrial anatomy, microarchitecture and patchy fibrosis. Simulations highlighted the importance of the smaller inward rectifier potassium current (IK1 ) in PV cells compared to the surrounding atria, which enabled SCRE more readily to result in delayed-afterdepolarisations that induced triggered activity. There was a leftward shift in the dependence of the probability of triggered activity on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load. This feature was accentuated in 3D tissue compared to single cells (Δ half-maximal [Ca2+ ]SR = 58 μM vs. 22 μM). In 3D atria incorporating electrical heterogeneity, excitations preferentially emerged from the PV region. These triggered focal excitations resulted in transient re-entry in the left atrium. Addition of fibrotic patches promoted localised emergence of focal excitations and wavebreaks that had a more substantial impact on generating AF-like patterns than the PVs. Thus, a reduced IK1 , less negative resting membrane potential, and fibrosis-induced changes of the electrotonic load all contribute to the emergence of complex excitation patterns from spontaneous focal triggers. KEY POINTS: Focal excitations in the atria are most commonly associated with the pulmonary veins, but the mechanisms for this localisation are yet to be elucidated. We applied a multi-scale computational modelling approach to elucidate the mechanisms underlying such localisations. Myocytes in the pulmonary vein region of the atria have a less negative resting membrane potential and reduced time-independent potassium current; we demonstrate that both of these factors promote triggered activity in single cells and tissues. The less negative resting membrane potential also contributes to heterogeneous inactivation of the fast sodium current, which can enable re-entrant-like excitation patterns to emerge without traditional conduction block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Colman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marta Varela
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rob S MacLeod
- The Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Oleg V Aslanidi
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Aydin E, Tsompanidis A, Chaplin D, Hawkes R, Allison C, Hackett G, Austin T, Padaigaitė E, Gabis LV, Sucking J, Holt R, Baron-Cohen S. Fetal brain growth and infant autistic traits. Mol Autism 2024; 15:11. [PMID: 38419120 PMCID: PMC10900793 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-024-00586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural differences exist in the brains of autistic individuals. To date only a few studies have explored the relationship between fetal brain growth and later infant autistic traits, and some have used fetal head circumference (HC) as a proxy for brain development. These findings have been inconsistent. Here we investigate whether fetal subregional brain measurements correlate with autistic traits in toddlers. METHODS A total of 219 singleton pregnancies (104 males and 115 females) were recruited at the Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, UK. 2D ultrasound was performed at 12-, 20- and between 26 and 30 weeks of pregnancy, measuring head circumference (HC), ventricular atrium (VA) and transcerebellar diameter (TCD). A total of 179 infants were followed up at 18-20 months of age and completed the quantitative checklist for autism in toddlers (Q-CHAT) to measure autistic traits. RESULTS Q-CHAT scores at 18-20 months of age were positively associated with TCD size at 20 weeks and with HC at 28 weeks, in univariate analyses, and in multiple regression models which controlled for sex, maternal age and birth weight. LIMITATIONS Due to the nature and location of the study, ascertainment bias could also have contributed to the recruitment of volunteer mothers with a higher than typical range of autistic traits and/or with a significant interest in the neurodevelopment of their children. CONCLUSION Prenatal brain growth is associated with toddler autistic traits and this can be ascertained via ultrasound starting at 20 weeks gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Aydin
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Alex Tsompanidis
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daren Chaplin
- The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Hawkes
- The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carrie Allison
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gerald Hackett
- The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Topun Austin
- The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eglė Padaigaitė
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lidia V Gabis
- Tel Aviv University, Wolfson Hospital and Maccabi healthcare, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John Sucking
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosemary Holt
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Maybin J, Watters M, Rowley B, Walker C, Sharp G, Alvergne A. COVID-19 and abnormal uterine bleeding: potential associations and mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:153-171. [PMID: 38372528 PMCID: PMC10876417 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 on menstruation has received a high level of public and media interest. Despite this, uncertainty exists about the advice that women and people who menstruate should receive in relation to the expected impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection, long COVID or COVID-19 vaccination on menstruation. Furthermore, the mechanisms leading to these reported menstrual changes are poorly understood. This review evaluates the published literature on COVID-19 and its impact on menstrual bleeding, discussing the strengths and limitations of these studies. We present evidence consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID having an association with changes in menstrual bleeding parameters and that the impact of COVID vaccination on menstruation appears less significant. An overview of menstrual physiology and known causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is provided before discussing potential mechanisms which may underpin the menstrual disturbance reported with COVID-19, highlighting areas for future scientific study. Finally, consideration is given to the effect that menstruation may have on COVID-19, including the impact of the ovarian sex hormones on acute COVID-19 severity and susceptibility and reported variation in long COVID symptoms across the menstrual cycle. Understanding the current evidence and addressing gaps in our knowledge in this area are essential to inform public health policy, direct the treatment of menstrual disturbance and facilitate development of new therapies, which may reduce the severity of COVID-19 and improve quality of life for those experiencing long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Maybin
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Marianne Watters
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Bethan Rowley
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Catherine A. Walker
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | | | - Alexandra Alvergne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, Oxford, U.K
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6
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Yin C, O’Reilly AO, Liu SN, Du TH, Gong PP, Zhang CJ, Wei XG, Yang J, Huang MJ, Fu BL, Liang JJ, Xue H, Hu JY, Ji Y, He C, Du H, Wang C, Zhang R, Tan QM, Lu HT, Xie W, Chu D, Zhou XG, Nauen R, Gui LY, Bass C, Yang X, Zhang YJ. Dual mutations in the whitefly nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β1 subunit confer target-site resistance to multiple neonicotinoid insecticides. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011163. [PMID: 38377137 PMCID: PMC10906874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides, which target insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), have been widely and intensively used to control the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a highly damaging, globally distributed, crop pest. This has inevitably led to the emergence of populations with resistance to neonicotinoids. However, to date, there have been no reports of target-site resistance involving mutation of B. tabaci nAChR genes. Here we characterize the nAChR subunit gene family of B. tabaci and identify dual mutations (A58T&R79E) in one of these genes (BTβ1) that confer resistance to multiple neonicotinoids. Transgenic D. melanogaster, where the native nAChR Dβ1 was replaced with BTβ1A58T&R79E, were significantly more resistant to neonicotinoids than flies where Dβ1 were replaced with the wildtype BTβ1 sequence, demonstrating the causal role of the mutations in resistance. The two mutations identified in this study replace two amino acids that are highly conserved in >200 insect species. Three-dimensional modelling suggests a molecular mechanism for this resistance, whereby A58T forms a hydrogen bond with the R79E side chain, which positions its negatively-charged carboxylate group to electrostatically repulse a neonicotinoid at the orthosteric site. Together these findings describe the first case of target-site resistance to neonicotinoids in B. tabaci and provide insight into the molecular determinants of neonicotinoid binding and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Andrias O. O’Reilly
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shao-Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Jia Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Pesticide Biology and Precise Use Techology, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Gao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Jiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bu-Li Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - He Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Mei Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key laboratory of Pesticide Biology and Precise Use Techology, Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Han-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, School of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu-Guo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Monheim, Germany
| | - Lian-You Gui
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - You-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Janer A, Morris JL, Krols M, Antonicka H, Aaltonen MJ, Lin ZY, Anand H, Gingras AC, Prudent J, Shoubridge EA. ESYT1 tethers the ER to mitochondria and is required for mitochondrial lipid and calcium homeostasis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302335. [PMID: 37931956 PMCID: PMC10627786 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria interact with the ER at structurally and functionally specialized membrane contact sites known as mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs). Combining proximity labelling (BioID), co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation, we found that the ER resident SMP-domain protein ESYT1 was enriched at MERCs, where it forms a complex with the outer mitochondrial membrane protein SYNJ2BP. BioID analyses using ER-targeted, outer mitochondrial membrane-targeted, and MERC-targeted baits, confirmed the presence of this complex at MERCs and the specificity of the interaction. Deletion of ESYT1 or SYNJ2BP reduced the number and length of MERCs. Loss of the ESYT1-SYNJ2BP complex impaired ER to mitochondria calcium flux and provoked a significant alteration of the mitochondrial lipidome, most prominently a reduction of cardiolipins and phosphatidylethanolamines. Both phenotypes were rescued by reexpression of WT ESYT1 and an artificial mitochondria-ER tether. Together, these results reveal a novel function for ESYT1 in mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis through its role in the regulation of MERCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Janer
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jordan L Morris
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michiel Krols
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hana Antonicka
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mari J Aaltonen
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hanish Anand
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric A Shoubridge
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- https://ror.org/01pxwe438 Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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8
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Boumelha J, Molina-Arcas M, Downward J. Facts and Hopes on RAS Inhibitors and Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:5012-5020. [PMID: 37581538 PMCID: PMC10722141 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the past decade has seen great strides in the development of immunotherapies that reactivate the immune system against tumors, there have also been major advances in the discovery of drugs blocking oncogenic drivers of cancer growth. However, there has been very little progress in combining immunotherapies with drugs that target oncogenic driver pathways. Some of the most important oncogenes in human cancer encode RAS family proteins, although these have proven challenging to target. Recently drugs have been approved that inhibit a specific mutant form of KRAS: G12C. These have improved the treatment of patients with lung cancer harboring this mutation, but development of acquired drug resistance after initial responses has limited the impact on overall survival. Because of the immunosuppressive nature of the signaling network controlled by oncogenic KRAS, targeted KRAS G12C inhibition can indirectly affect antitumor immunity, and does so without compromising the critical role of normal RAS proteins in immune cells. This serves as a rationale for combination with immune checkpoint blockade, which can provide additional combinatorial therapeutic benefit in some preclinical cancer models. However, in clinical trials, combination of KRAS G12C inhibitors with PD-(L)1 blockade has yet to show improved outcome, in part due to treatment toxicities. A greater understanding of how oncogenic KRAS drives immune evasion and how mutant-specific KRAS inhibition impacts the tumor microenvironment can lead to novel approaches to combining RAS inhibition with immunotherapies.
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Trotta G, Rodriguez V, Quattrone D, Spinazzola E, Tripoli G, Gayer-Anderson C, Freeman TP, Jongsma HE, Sideli L, Aas M, Stilo SA, La Cascia C, Ferraro L, La Barbera D, Lasalvia A, Tosato S, Tarricone I, D'Andrea G, Tortelli A, Schürhoff F, Szöke A, Pignon B, Selten JP, Velthorst E, de Haan L, Llorca PM, Rossi Menezes P, Del Ben CM, Santos JL, Arrojo M, Bobes J, Sanjuán J, Bernardo M, Arango C, Kirkbride JB, Jones PB, Richards A, Rutten BP, Van Os J, Austin-Zimmerman I, Li Z, Morgan C, Sham PC, Vassos E, Wong C, Bentall R, Fisher HL, Murray RM, Alameda L, Di Forti M. Cannabis use as a potential mediator between childhood adversity and first-episode psychosis: results from the EU-GEI case-control study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7375-7384. [PMID: 38078747 PMCID: PMC10719680 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity and cannabis use are considered independent risk factors for psychosis, but whether different patterns of cannabis use may be acting as mediator between adversity and psychotic disorders has not yet been explored. The aim of this study is to examine whether cannabis use mediates the relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis. METHODS Data were utilised on 881 first-episode psychosis patients and 1231 controls from the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Detailed history of cannabis use was collected with the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire. The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire was used to assess exposure to household discord, sexual, physical or emotional abuse and bullying in two periods: early (0-11 years), and late (12-17 years). A path decomposition method was used to analyse whether the association between childhood adversity and psychosis was mediated by (1) lifetime cannabis use, (2) cannabis potency and (3) frequency of use. RESULTS The association between household discord and psychosis was partially mediated by lifetime use of cannabis (indirect effect coef. 0.078, s.e. 0.022, 17%), its potency (indirect effect coef. 0.059, s.e. 0.018, 14%) and by frequency (indirect effect coef. 0.117, s.e. 0.038, 29%). Similar findings were obtained when analyses were restricted to early exposure to household discord. CONCLUSIONS Harmful patterns of cannabis use mediated the association between specific childhood adversities, like household discord, with later psychosis. Children exposed to particularly challenging environments in their household could benefit from psychosocial interventions aimed at preventing cannabis misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Trotta
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Rodriguez
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Spinazzola
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Giada Tripoli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tom P Freeman
- University of Bath Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology: University of Bath Department of Life Sciences, Bath, UK
| | - Hannah E Jongsma
- PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Sideli
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Aas
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simona A Stilo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- University of Palermo Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Biomedicina Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Ferraro
- University of Palermo Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Biomedicina Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele La Barbera
- University of Palermo Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Biomedicina Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarricone
- University of Bologna Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Bologna Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Andrea
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires ‘H. Mondor’, DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Andrei Szöke
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires ‘H. Mondor’, DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires ‘H. Mondor’, DMU IMPACT, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Institute for Mental Health, GGZ Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry: Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Early Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina M Del Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Luis Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital ‘Virgen de la Luz’, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Genetic Group, Instituto de Investigation Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry Area, Universidad de Oviedo, ISPA, INEUROPA, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio Sanjuán
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic, Department of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, Institute d'investigations Biomediques, August Pi I Sunyer, Centro de Investigation Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, ISGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - James B Kirkbride
- PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- CAMEO Early Intervention Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, England
| | - Alexander Richards
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bart P Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Austin-Zimmerman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zhikun Li
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pak C Sham
- Hong Kong University: University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Wong
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Bentall
- The University of Sheffield Department of Psychology, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - EU-GEI WP2 Group
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Alcala K, Zahed H, Cortez Cardoso Penha R, Alcala N, Robbins HA, Smith-Byrne K, Martin RM, Muller DC, Brennan P, Johansson M. Kidney Function and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1644-1650. [PMID: 37668600 PMCID: PMC10618735 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the temporal association between kidney function, assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the risk of incident renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We also evaluated whether eGFR could improve RCC risk discrimination beyond established risk factors. METHODS We analyzed the UK Biobank cohort, including 463,178 participants of whom 1,447 were diagnosed with RCC during 5,696,963 person-years of follow-up. We evaluated the temporal association between eGFR and RCC risk using flexible parametric survival models, adjusted for C-reactive protein and RCC risk factors. eGFR was calculated from creatinine and cystatin C levels. RESULTS Lower eGFR, an indication of poor kidney function, was associated with higher RCC risk when measured up to 5 years prior to diagnosis. The RCC HR per SD decrease in eGFR when measured 1 year before diagnosis was 1.26 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.16-1.37], and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.05-1.17) when measured 5 years before diagnosis. Adding eGFR to the RCC risk model provided a small improvement in risk discrimination 1 year before diagnosis with an AUC of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.67-0.84) compared with the published model (0.69; 95% CI, 0.63-0.79). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that kidney function markers are associated with RCC risk, but the nature of these associations are consistent with reversed causality. Markers of kidney function provided limited improvements in RCC risk discrimination beyond established risk factors. IMPACT eGFR may be of potential use to identify individuals in the extremes of the risk distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Alcala
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hana Zahed
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Nicolas Alcala
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hilary A. Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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11
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Lythgoe KA, Golubchik T, Hall M, House T, Cahuantzi R, MacIntyre-Cockett G, Fryer H, Thomson L, Nurtay A, Ghafani M, Buck D, Green A, Trebes A, Piazza P, Lonie LJ, Studley R, Rourke E, Smith D, Bashton M, Nelson A, Crown M, McCann C, Young GR, Andre Nunes dos Santos R, Richards Z, Tariq A, Fraser C, Diamond I, Barrett J, Walker AS, Bonsall D. Lineage replacement and evolution captured by 3 years of the United Kingdom Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231284. [PMID: 37848057 PMCID: PMC10581763 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Office for National Statistics Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey (ONS-CIS) is the largest surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the community, and collected data on the United Kingdom (UK) epidemic from April 2020 until March 2023 before being paused. Here, we report on the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 determined by analysing the sequenced samples collected by the ONS-CIS during this period. We observed a series of sweeps or partial sweeps, with each sweeping lineage having a distinct growth advantage compared to their predecessors, although this was also accompanied by a gradual fall in average viral burdens from June 2021 to March 2023. The sweeps also generated an alternating pattern in which most samples had either S-gene target failure (SGTF) or non-SGTF over time. Evolution was characterized by steadily increasing divergence and diversity within lineages, but with step increases in divergence associated with each sweeping major lineage. This led to a faster overall rate of evolution when measured at the between-lineage level compared to within lineages, and fluctuating levels of diversity. These observations highlight the value of viral sequencing integrated into community surveillance studies to monitor the viral epidemiology and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, and potentially other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A. Lythgoe
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (Sydney ID), School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Hall
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Thomas House
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Roberto Cahuantzi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - George MacIntyre-Cockett
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen Fryer
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Laura Thomson
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Anel Nurtay
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Mahan Ghafani
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - David Buck
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Angie Green
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Amy Trebes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Paolo Piazza
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lorne J. Lonie
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | | | - Darren Smith
- The Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Nothumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Matthew Bashton
- The Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Nothumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Andrew Nelson
- The Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Nothumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Matthew Crown
- The Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Nothumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Clare McCann
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Gregory R. Young
- The Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Nothumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Rui Andre Nunes dos Santos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Zack Richards
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Adnan Tariq
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | | | | | - Christophe Fraser
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jeff Barrett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ann Sarah Walker
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, UCL, London, UK
| | - David Bonsall
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Nadkarni A, Garg A, Agrawal R, Sambari S, Mirchandani K, Velleman R, Gupta D, Bhatia U, Fernandes G, D’souza E, Amonkar A, Rane A. Acceptability and feasibility of assisted telepsychiatry in routine healthcare settings in India: a qualitative study. Oxf Open Digit Health 2023; 1:oqad016. [PMID: 38025140 PMCID: PMC10668329 DOI: 10.1093/oodh/oqad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Technology-enabled interventions are often recommended to overcome geographical barriers to access and inequitable distribution of mental healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to examine the acceptability and feasibility of an assisted telepsychiatry model implemented in primary care settings in India. In-depth interviews were conducted with patients who received telepsychiatry consultations. Data were collected about domains such as experience with communicating with psychiatrists over a video call and feasibility of accessing services. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Patients recognized that technology enabled them to access treatment and appreciated its contribution to the improvement in their mental health condition. They reported that the telepsychiatry experience was comparable to face-to-face consultations. They had a positive experience of facilitation by counsellors and found treatment delivery in primary care non-stigmatizing. While some adapted easily to the technology platform because of increased access to technology in their daily lives, others struggled to communicate over a screen. For some, availability of care closer to their homes was convenient; for others, even the little travel involved posed a financial burden. In some cases, the internet connectivity was poor and interfered with the video calls. Patients believed that scale could be achieved through adoption of this model by the public sector, collaboration with civil society, enhanced demand generation strategies and leveraging platforms beyond health systems. Assisted telepsychiatry integrated in routine healthcare settings has the potential to make scarce specialist mental health services accessible in low resource settings by overcoming geographical and logistical barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Nadkarni
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Ankur Garg
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Ravindra Agrawal
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Seema Sambari
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Kedar Mirchandani
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Richard Velleman
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Devika Gupta
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Urvita Bhatia
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Godwin Fernandes
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Ethel D’souza
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Akshada Amonkar
- Addictions and Related Research Group, Sangath, Porvorim, Goa 403501, India
| | - Anil Rane
- Institute of Psychiatry & Human Behaviour , Bambolim, Goa 403108, India
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13
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John NA, Solanky BS, De Angelis F, Parker RA, Weir CJ, Stutters J, Carrasco FP, Schneider T, Doshi A, Calvi A, Williams T, Plantone D, Monteverdi A, MacManus D, Marshall I, Barkhof F, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, Chataway J. Longitudinal Metabolite Changes in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Study of 3 Potential Neuroprotective Treatments. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 37787109 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) may provide a direct index for the testing of medicines for neuroprotection and drug mechanisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) through measures of total N-acetyl-aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), myo-inositol (mIns), total-choline (tCho), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx). Neurometabolites may be associated with clinical disability with evidence that baseline neuroaxonal integrity is associated with upper limb function and processing speed in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). PURPOSE To assess the effect on neurometabolites from three candidate drugs after 96-weeks as seen by 1 H-MRS and their association with clinical disability in SPMS. STUDY-TYPE Longitudinal. POPULATION 108 participants with SPMS randomized to receive neuroprotective drugs amiloride [mean age 55.4 (SD 7.4), 61% female], fluoxetine [55.6 (6.6), 71%], riluzole [54.6 (6.3), 68%], or placebo [54.8 (7.9), 67%]. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3-Tesla. Chemical-shift-imaging 2D-point-resolved-spectroscopy (PRESS), 3DT1. ASSESSMENT Brain metabolites in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and gray matter (GM), brain volume, lesion load, nine-hole peg test (9HPT), and paced auditory serial addition test were measured at baseline and at 96-weeks. STATISTICAL TESTS Paired t-test was used to analyze metabolite changes in the placebo arm over 96-weeks. Metabolite differences between treatment arms and placebo; and associations between baseline metabolites and upper limb function/information processing speed at 96-weeks assessed using multiple linear regression models. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the placebo arm, tCho increased in GM (mean difference = -0.32 IU) but decreased in NAWM (mean difference = 0.13 IU). Compared to placebo, in the fluoxetine arm, mIns/tCr was lower (β = -0.21); in the riluzole arm, GM Glx (β = -0.25) and Glx/tCr (β = -0.29) were reduced. Baseline tNAA(β = 0.22) and tNAA/tCr (β = 0.23) in NAWM were associated with 9HPT scores at 96-weeks. DATA CONCLUSION 1 H-MRS demonstrated altered membrane turnover over 96-weeks in the placebo group. It also distinguished changes in neuro-metabolites related to gliosis and glutaminergic transmission, due to fluoxetine and riluzole, respectively. Data show tNAA is a potential marker for upper limb function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin A John
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bhavana S Solanky
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Floriana De Angelis
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard A Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J Weir
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Stutters
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ferran Prados Carrasco
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
- e-Health Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Torben Schneider
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anisha Doshi
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alberto Calvi
- Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases (imaginEM), Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Williams
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Plantone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anita Monteverdi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - David MacManus
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Marshall
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Brain Connectivity Center, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), London, UK
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14
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Armour SL, Frueh A, Chibalina MV, Dou H, Argemi-Muntadas L, Hamilton A, Katzilieris-Petras G, Carmeliet P, Davies B, Moritz T, Eliasson L, Rorsman P, Knudsen JG. Glucose Controls Glucagon Secretion by Regulating Fatty Acid Oxidation in Pancreatic α-Cells. Diabetes 2023; 72:1446-1459. [PMID: 37494670 PMCID: PMC10545563 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body glucose homeostasis is coordinated through secretion of glucagon and insulin from pancreatic islets. When glucose is low, glucagon is released from α-cells to stimulate hepatic glucose production. However, the mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells remain unclear. Here we show that in α-cells, the interaction between fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism controls glucagon secretion. The glucose-dependent inhibition of glucagon secretion relies on pyruvate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a activity and lowering of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation by increases in glucose. This results in reduced intracellular ATP and leads to membrane repolarization and inhibition of glucagon secretion. These findings provide a new framework for the metabolic regulation of the α-cell, where regulation of fatty acid oxidation by glucose accounts for the stimulation and inhibition of glucagon secretion. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS It has become clear that dysregulation of glucagon secretion and α-cell function plays an important role in the development of diabetes, but we do not know how glucagon secretion is regulated. Here we asked whether glucose inhibits fatty acid oxidation in α-cells to regulate glucagon secretion. We found that fatty acid oxidation is required for the inhibitory effects of glucose on glucagon secretion through reductions in ATP. These findings provide a new framework for the regulation of glucagon secretion by glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Armour
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Frueh
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margarita V. Chibalina
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Haiqiang Dou
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lidia Argemi-Muntadas
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Georgios Katzilieris-Petras
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob G. Knudsen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Ram B, van Sluijs E, Chalkley A, Hargreaves D, Saxena S. Real-world application of a scalable school-based physical activity intervention: A cross-sectional survey of the implementation of The Daily Mile in Greater London primary schools. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288500. [PMID: 37556408 PMCID: PMC10411754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
School-based physical activity interventions are considered ideal given their potential to reach most children. They can help children achieve the recommended guidelines of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. The Daily Mile is a popular school-based active mile intervention with a global reach. It recommends ten core principles for successful implementation, three of which are key for effectiveness: that it is quick (15 minutes), the whole school participates, and that it takes place in the school day during lessons (excluding physical education lessons and scheduled breaks). Studies assessing the impacts of The Daily Mile do not often report implementation of the ten core principles which is crucial to identifying the potential impact and feasibility of scalable interventions in real-world settings. Our aim was to assess adherence to The Daily Mile's ten core principles in Greater London primary schools. We created and distributed a survey to 1717 primary schools during September 2020 and achieved a 21% (n = 369/1717) response rate by September 2021. Our sample was representative of Greater London primary schools with responses from every London borough. A total of 196/369 (53%) schools reported implementing The Daily Mile but none of them reported adherence to all ten core principles. Adherence to at least 6/10 principles in various combinations was reported by 54/196 (28%) schools. Only 19/196 (10%) schools that reported implementing The Daily Mile reported adherence to the three key principles recommended for effectiveness. Despite its popularity and global reach, our findings suggest that an implementation gap exists when The Daily Mile is adopted in real-world settings which is likely to challenge its intended purpose. Further research in school settings is needed to understand factors that can improve adherence to increase the potential public health impact of The Daily Mile and other similar interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Ram
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Chalkley
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Applied Education Research, Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Dougal Hargreaves
- Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Saxena
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Seker Yilmaz B, Gissen P. Genetic Therapy Approaches for Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2227. [PMID: 37626723 PMCID: PMC10452060 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common urea cycle disorder with high unmet needs, as current dietary and medical treatments may not be sufficient to prevent hyperammonemic episodes, which can cause death or neurological sequelae. To date, liver transplantation is the only curative choice but is not widely available due to donor shortage, the need for life-long immunosuppression and technical challenges. A field of research that has shown a great deal of promise recently is gene therapy, and OTCD has been an essential candidate for different gene therapy modalities, including AAV gene addition, mRNA therapy and genome editing. This review will first summarise the main steps towards clinical translation, highlighting the benefits and challenges of each gene therapy approach, then focus on current clinical trials and finally outline future directions for the development of gene therapy for OTCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Seker Yilmaz
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK;
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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17
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Suzuki T, Kilbey A, Casa-Rodríguez N, Lawlor A, Georgakopoulou A, Hayman H, Yin Swe KL, Nordin A, Cantù C, Vantourout P, Ridgway RA, Byrne RM, Chen L, Verzi MP, Gay DM, Gil Vázquez E, Belnoue-Davis HL, Gilroy K, Køstner AH, Kersten C, Thuwajit C, Andersen DK, Wiesheu R, Jandke A, Blyth K, Roseweir AK, Leedham SJ, Dunne PD, Edwards J, Hayday A, Sansom OJ, Coffelt SB. β-Catenin Drives Butyrophilin-like Molecule Loss and γδ T-cell Exclusion in Colon Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1137-1155. [PMID: 37309673 PMCID: PMC10398359 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) expressing γδ T-cell receptors (γδTCR) play key roles in elimination of colon cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which progressing cancer cells evade immunosurveillance by these innate T cells are unknown. Here, we investigated how loss of the Apc tumor suppressor in gut tissue could enable nascent cancer cells to escape immunosurveillance by cytotoxic γδIELs. In contrast with healthy intestinal or colonic tissue, we found that γδIELs were largely absent from the microenvironment of both mouse and human tumors, and that butyrophilin-like (BTNL) molecules, which can critically regulate γδIEL through direct γδTCR interactions, were also downregulated in tumors. We then demonstrated that β-catenin activation through loss of Apc rapidly suppressed expression of the mRNA encoding the HNF4A and HNF4G transcription factors, preventing their binding to promoter regions of Btnl genes. Reexpression of BTNL1 and BTNL6 in cancer cells increased γδIEL survival and activation in coculture assays but failed to augment their cancer-killing ability in vitro or their recruitment to orthotopic tumors. However, inhibition of β-catenin signaling via genetic deletion of Bcl9/Bcl9L in either Apc-deficient or mutant β-catenin mouse models restored Hnf4a, Hnf4g, and Btnl gene expression and γδ T-cell infiltration into tumors. These observations highlight an immune-evasion mechanism specific to WNT-driven colon cancer cells that disrupts γδIEL immunosurveillance and furthers cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kilbey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nuria Casa-Rodríguez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Lawlor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Georgakopoulou
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Hayman
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kyi Lai Yin Swe
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Nordin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pierre Vantourout
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ryan M. Byrne
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - David M. Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ester Gil Vázquez
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathryn Gilroy
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Kersten
- Department of Research, Southern Hospital Trust, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Robert Wiesheu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anett Jandke
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia K. Roseweir
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Leedham
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D. Dunne
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Seth B. Coffelt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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18
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Wight TN, Day AJ, Kang I, Harten IA, Kaber G, Briggs DC, Braun KR, Lemire JM, Kinsella MG, Hinek A, Merrilees MJ. V3: an enigmatic isoform of the proteoglycan versican. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C519-C537. [PMID: 37399500 PMCID: PMC10511178 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00059.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
V3 is an isoform of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan (PG) versican generated through alternative splicing of the versican gene such that the two major exons coding for sequences in the protein core that support chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain attachment are excluded. Thus, versican V3 isoform carries no GAGs. A survey of PubMed reveals only 50 publications specifically on V3 versican, so it is a very understudied member of the versican family, partly because to date there are no antibodies that can distinguish V3 from the CS-carrying isoforms of versican, that is, to facilitate functional and mechanistic studies. However, a number of in vitro and in vivo studies have identified the expression of the V3 transcript during different phases of development and in disease, and selective overexpression of V3 has shown dramatic phenotypic effects in "gain and loss of function" studies in experimental models. Thus, we thought it would be useful and instructive to discuss the discovery, characterization, and the putative biological importance of the enigmatic V3 isoform of versican.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ingrid A Harten
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - David C Briggs
- Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen R Braun
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Joan M Lemire
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael G Kinsella
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Aleksander Hinek
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mervyn J Merrilees
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Agbaje AO. Longitudinal left ventricular mass indexing for DEXA-measured lean mass and fat mass: novel normative reference centiles in postpubertal adolescents and young adults. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H571-H577. [PMID: 36827226 PMCID: PMC10042592 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00045.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy derived from LV mass (LVM) cut point is a marker of cardiovascular events in adults and target organ damage in pediatric research. Inadequate LVM indexing for body size due to scarcity of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-measured lean mass may lead to misclassification in the pediatric population. The only LVM indexed for DEXA-measured lean mass reference in children, mean age 11.6 yr, is 3-decades old and accurate LVM indexing in postpubertal adolescents and young adults is nonexistent. We generate new sex-specific LVM indexed for lean mass percentiles in healthy adolescence and young adulthood and correlated them with surrogates for normalizing body size. From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children UK birth cohort, 868 adolescents (531 females) aged 17 yr were followed up for 7 yr. Lean mass was measured by DEXA at both time points. Echocardiography M-mode, two-dimensional (2-D), and three-dimensional (3-D) echo data for estimating LVM were collected at baseline and follow-up. Over 7 years, LVM increased in males (177.1 g) and females (133.5 g) at 17 yr to 199.9 g (males) and 145 g (females) at 24 yr. LVM/height3 and LVM/height2.7 provided the most consistent cross-sectional and longitudinal intraclass correlation coefficients with LVM/lean mass in both sexes (0.90-0.93). Indexing LVM by lean mass eliminated the sex difference only at age 24 yr but not at 17 yr. LVM/height2.7 85th percentiles for males and females at age 17 yr were 45.1 g/m2.7 and 41.4 g/m2.7, respectively, and at age 24 yr the 75th percentiles were 45.5 g/m2.7 and 41.7 g/m2.7, respectively. The 95th percentiles for males and females at age 17 yr were 49.5 g/m2.7 and 46.8 g/m2.7, respectively, and at age 24 yr were 57.1 g/m2.7 and 50.2 g/m2.7, respectively. These new reference percentile cut points were higher than the currently used 95th percentile pediatric reference of 38.6 g/m2.7. Future studies are warranted in youth with clinical diseases to examine whether these new cut points provide a more accurate stratification of cardiovascular risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Current left ventricular mass cut points for pediatric left ventricular hypertrophy are inaccurate. The inaccuracies are due, in part, to the average age of participants (11.6 yr) evaluated and also due to the lack of Echo and DEXA-measured body composition in postpubertal youth. Novel sex-based cut points are proposed for postpubertal youths at 17 and 24 yr. The new 95th percentile cut points are 15-20 g/m2.7 higher than the current cut point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Agbaje AO, Zachariah JP, Bamsa O, Odili AN, Tuomainen TP. Cumulative insulin resistance and hyperglycemia with arterial stiffness and carotid IMT progression in 1,779 adolescents: a 9-yr longitudinal cohort study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E268-E278. [PMID: 36753290 PMCID: PMC10010917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In pediatric population with diabetes and obesity, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) has been associated with worsening vascular outcomes, however, the cumulative role of HOMA-IR, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia on repeatedly measured vascular outcomes in asymptomatic youth is unknown. We examined the longitudinal associations of fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, UK 1,779, 15-yr-old participants were followed up for 9 yr. Glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR assessed at 15, 17, and 24 yr and sex-specifically dichotomized as ≥75th percentile, indicating high category and <75th percentile as reference. cfPWV and cIMT were measured at ages 17 and 24 yr. Associations were examined using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for cardiometabolic and lifestyle covariates. Among 1,779 participants [49.9% female], glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR had a J- or U-shaped increase from ages 15 through 24 yr. The cumulative exposures to hyperinsulinemia effect estimate -0.019 mU/L; [95% CI -0.019 to -0.002; P = 0.033] and high HOMA-IR: -0.021; [-0.039 to -0.004; P = 0.019] from 15 to 24 yr of age were negatively associated with the 7-yr cfPWV progression. Only cumulative hyperinsulinemia and high HOMA-IR from ages 15 to 17 yr but not from ages 17 to 24 yr was associated with decreased cfPWV progression. There were no associations between cumulative hyperglycemia and cfPWV or cIMT progression. Hyperinsulinemia and HOMA-IR were not associated with cIMT progression. In conclusion, late adolescence may be an optimal timing for intervention targeted at sustaining the protective effect of the decline of insulin and insulin resistance on arterial stiffness progression.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance had a J- or U-shaped increase from 15 to 24 yr with the base of the curve at age 17 yr. Cumulative high insulin and high insulin resistance from 15 to 24 yr were negatively associated with arterial stiffness progression from ages 17 to 24 yr. Age 17 yr may be an optimal timing for intervention targeted at sustaining the protective effect of the decline of insulin and insulin resistance on arterial stiffness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Justin P Zachariah
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Augustine N Odili
- Department of Epidemiology, Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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Singer MR, Dinh T, Levintov L, Annamalai AS, Rey JS, Briganti L, Cook NJ, Pye VE, Taylor IA, Kim K, Engelman AN, Kim B, Perilla JR, Kvaratskhelia M, Cherepanov P. The Drug-Induced Interface That Drives HIV-1 Integrase Hypermultimerization and Loss of Function. mBio 2023; 14:e0356022. [PMID: 36744954 PMCID: PMC9973045 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03560-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors (ALLINIs) are an emerging class of small molecules that disrupt viral maturation by inducing the aberrant multimerization of IN. Here, we present cocrystal structures of HIV-1 IN with two potent ALLINIs, namely, BI-D and the drug candidate Pirmitegravir. The structures reveal atomistic details of the ALLINI-induced interface between the HIV-1 IN catalytic core and carboxyl-terminal domains (CCD and CTD). Projecting from their principal binding pocket on the IN CCD dimer, the compounds act as molecular glue by engaging a triad of invariant HIV-1 IN CTD residues, namely, Tyr226, Trp235, and Lys266, to nucleate the CTD-CCD interaction. The drug-induced interface involves the CTD SH3-like fold and extends to the beginning of the IN carboxyl-terminal tail region. We show that mutations of HIV-1 IN CTD residues that participate in the interface with the CCD greatly reduce the IN-aggregation properties of Pirmitegravir. Our results explain the mechanism of the ALLINI-induced condensation of HIV-1 IN and provide a reliable template for the rational development of this series of antiretrovirals through the optimization of their key contacts with the viral target. IMPORTANCE Despite the remarkable success of combination antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 remains among the major causes of human suffering and loss of life in poor and developing nations. To prevail in this drawn-out battle with the pandemic, it is essential to continue developing advanced antiviral agents to fight drug resistant HIV-1 variants. Allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) are an emerging class of HIV-1 antagonists that are orthogonal to the current antiretroviral drugs. These small molecules act as highly specific molecular glue, which triggers the aggregation of HIV-1 integrase. In this work, we present high-resolution crystal structures that reveal the crucial interactions made by two potent ALLINIs, namely, BI-D and Pirmitegravir, with HIV-1 integrase. Our results explain the mechanism of drug action and will inform the development of this promising class of small molecules for future use in antiretroviral regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Singer
- Chromatin Structure & Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tung Dinh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lev Levintov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Arun S. Annamalai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Juan S. Rey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Lorenzo Briganti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicola J. Cook
- Chromatin Structure & Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie E. Pye
- Chromatin Structure & Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian A. Taylor
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan N. Engelman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Juan R. Perilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Mamuka Kvaratskhelia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure & Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, St-Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Gillett JL, Karadag P, Themelis K, Li YM, Lemola S, Balasubramanian S, Singh SP, Tang NKY. Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066577. [PMID: 36746544 PMCID: PMC9906405 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous qualitative and cross-sectional research has identified a strong sense of mental defeat in people with chronic pain who also experience the greatest levels of distress and disability. This study will adopt a longitudinal experience sampling design to examine the within-person link between the sense of mental defeat and distress and disability associated with chronic pain. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We aim to recruit 198 participants (aged 18-65 years) with chronic pain, to complete two waves of experience sampling over 1 week, 6 months apart (time 1 and time 2). During each wave of experience sampling, the participants are asked to complete three short online surveys per day, to provide in-the-moment ratings of mental defeat, pain, medication usage, physical and social activity, stress, mood, self-compassion, and attention using visual analogue scales. Sleep and physical activity will be measured using a daily diary as well as with wrist actigraphy worn continuously by participants throughout each wave. Linear mixed models and Gaussian graphical models will be fit to the data to: (1) examine the within-person, day-to-day association of mental defeat with outcomes (ie, pain, physical/social activity, medication use and sleep), (2) examine the dynamic temporal and contemporaneous networks of mental defeat with all outcomes and the hypothesised mechanisms of outcomes (ie, perceived stress, mood, attention and self-compassion). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The current protocol has been approved by the Health Research Authority and West Midlands-Solihull Research Ethics Committee (Reference Number: 17/WM0053). The study is being conducted in adherence with the Declaration of Helsinki, Warwick Standard Operating Procedures and applicable UK legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Gillett
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paige Karadag
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kristy Themelis
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Swaran Preet Singh
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - Nicole K Y Tang
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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23
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Chen T, Zhu D, Cheng T, Gao X, Chen H. Sensing dynamic human activity zones using geo-tagged big data in Greater London, UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277913. [PMID: 36662785 PMCID: PMC9858062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploration of dynamic human activity gives significant insights into understanding the urban environment and can help to reinforce scientific urban management strategies. Lots of studies are arising regarding the significant human activity changes in global metropolises and regions affected by COVID-19 containment policies. However, the variations of human activity dynamics amid different phases divided by the non-pharmaceutical intervention policies (e.g., stay-at-home, lockdown) have not been investigated across urban areas in space and time and discussed with the urban characteristic determinants. In this study, we aim to explore the influence of different restriction phases on dynamic human activity through sensing human activity zones (HAZs) and their dominated urban characteristics. Herein, we proposed an explainable analysis framework to explore the HAZ variations consisting of three parts, i.e., footfall detection, HAZs delineation and the identification of relationships between urban characteristics and HAZs. In our study area of Greater London, United Kingdom, we first utilised the footfall detection method to extract human activity metrics (footfalls) counted by visits/stays at space and time from the anonymous mobile phone GPS trajectories. Then, we characterised HAZs based on the homogeneity of daily human footfalls at census output areas (OAs) during the predefined restriction phases in the UK. Lastly, we examined the feature importance of explanatory variables as the metric of the relationship between human activity and urban characteristics using machine learning classifiers. The results show that dynamic human activity exhibits statistically significant differences in terms of the HAZ distributions across restriction phases and is strongly associated with urban characteristics (e.g., specific land use types) during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings can improve the understanding of the variation of human activity patterns during the pandemic and offer insights into city management resource allocation in urban areas concerning dynamic human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Chen
- SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Geography, Environment and Society, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, United States of America
| | - Tao Cheng
- SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaowei Gao
- SpaceTimeLab for Big Data Analytics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huanfa Chen
- Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Evans E, Walhin JP, Hengist A, Betts JA, Dearlove DJ, Gonzalez JT. Ketone monoester ingestion increases postexercise serum erythropoietin concentrations in healthy men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E56-E61. [PMID: 36449571 PMCID: PMC9870573 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00264.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous ketone body infusion can increase erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations, but responses to ketone monoester ingestion postexercise are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ketone monoester ingestion on postexercise erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations. Nine healthy men completed two trials in a randomized, crossover design (1-wk washout). During trials, participants performed 1 h of cycling (initially alternating between 50% and 90% of maximal aerobic capacity for 2 min each interval, and then 50% and 80%, and 50% and 70% when the higher intensity was unsustainable). Participants ingested 0.8 g·kg-1 sucrose with 0.4 g·kg-1 protein immediately after exercise, and at 1, 2, and 3 h postexercise. During the control trial (CONTROL), no further nutrition was provided, whereas on the ketone monoester trial (KETONE), participants also ingested 0.29 g·kg-1 of the ketone monoester (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate immediately postexercise and at 1 and 2 h postexercise. Blood was sampled immediately postexercise, every 15 min in the first hour and hourly thereafter for 4 h. Serum EPO concentrations increased to a greater extent in KETONE than in CONTROL (time × condition interaction: P = 0.046). Peak serum EPO concentrations were higher with KETONE (means ± SD: 9.0 ± 2.3 IU·L-1) compared with CONTROL (7.5 ± 1.5 IU·L-1, P < 0.01). Serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were also higher, and glucose concentrations lower, with KETONE versus CONTROL (both P < 0.01). In conclusion, ketone monoester ingestion increases postexercise erythropoietin concentrations, revealing a new avenue for orally ingestible ketone monoesters to potentially alter hemoglobin mass.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this study was the first to assess the effects of ketone monoester ingestion on erythropoietin concentrations after exercise. We demonstrated that ingestion of a ketone monoester postexercise increased serum erythropoietin concentrations and reduced serum glucose concentrations in healthy men. These data reveal the possibility for ketone monoesters to alter hemoglobin mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Evans
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Walhin
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Hengist
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - David J Dearlove
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Javier T Gonzalez
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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25
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Ho GY, Kyran EL, Bedo J, Wakefield MJ, Ennis DP, Mirza HB, Vandenberg CJ, Lieschke E, Farrell A, Hadla A, Lim R, Dall G, Vince JE, Chua NK, Kondrashova O, Upstill-Goddard R, Bailey UM, Dowson S, Roxburgh P, Glasspool RM, Bryson G, Biankin AV, Cooke SL, Ratnayake G, McNally O, Traficante N, DeFazio A, Weroha SJ, Bowtell DD, McNeish IA, Papenfuss AT, Scott CL, Barker HE. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Supports Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Confers Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting with Eribulin. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4457-4473. [PMID: 36206301 PMCID: PMC9716257 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an aggressive and rare tumor type with limited treatment options. OCS is hypothesized to develop via the combination theory, with a single progenitor resulting in carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, or alternatively via the conversion theory, with the sarcomatous component developing from the carcinomatous component through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we analyzed DNA variants from isolated carcinoma and sarcoma components to show that OCS from 18 women is monoclonal. RNA sequencing indicated that the carcinoma components were more mesenchymal when compared with pure epithelial ovarian carcinomas, supporting the conversion theory and suggesting that EMT is important in the formation of these tumors. Preclinical OCS models were used to test the efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs, including eribulin, which has previously been shown to reverse EMT characteristics in breast cancers and induce differentiation in sarcomas. Vinorelbine and eribulin more effectively inhibited OCS growth than standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, and treatment with eribulin reduced mesenchymal characteristics and N-MYC expression in OCS patient-derived xenografts. Eribulin treatment resulted in an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in OCS cells, which triggered a downregulation of the mevalonate pathway and prevented further cholesterol biosynthesis. Finally, eribulin increased expression of genes related to immune activation and increased the intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells, supporting exploration of immunotherapy combinations in the clinic. Together, these data indicate that EMT plays a key role in OCS tumorigenesis and support the conversion theory for OCS histogenesis. Targeting EMT using eribulin could help improve OCS patient outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE Genomic analyses and preclinical models of ovarian carcinosarcoma support the conversion theory for disease development and indicate that microtubule inhibitors could be used to suppress EMT and stimulate antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo Yaw Ho
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Kyran
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Bedo
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Wakefield
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Darren P. Ennis
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan B. Mirza
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra J. Vandenberg
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Farrell
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Hadla
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Genevieve Dall
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E. Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ngee Kiat Chua
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga Kondrashova
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosanna Upstill-Goddard
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ulla-Maja Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Dowson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Roxburgh
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind M. Glasspool
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Bryson
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susanna L. Cooke
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Orla McNally
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anna DeFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. John Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David D. Bowtell
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain A. McNeish
- Division of Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony T. Papenfuss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare L. Scott
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly E. Barker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Dewing JM, Saunders V, O’Kelly I, Wilson DI. Defining cardiac cell populations and relative cellular composition of the early fetal human heart. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259477. [PMID: 36449524 PMCID: PMC9710754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While the adult human heart is primarily composed of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells, the cellular composition during early development remains largely unknown. Reliable identification of fetal cardiac cell types using protein markers is critical to understand cardiac development and delineate the cellular composition of the developing human heart. This is the first study to use immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry and RT-PCR analyses to investigate the expression and specificity of commonly used cardiac cell markers in the early human fetal heart (8-12 post-conception weeks). The expression of previously reported protein markers for the detection of cardiomyocytes (Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), fibroblasts (DDR2, THY1, Vimentin), endothelial cells (CD31) and smooth muscle cells (α-SMA) were assessed. Two distinct populations of cTnI positive cells were identified through flow cytometry, with MHC positive cardiomyocytes showing high cTnI expression (cTnIHigh) while MHC negative non-myocytes showed lower cTnI expression (cTnILow). cTnI expression in non-myocytes was further confirmed by IHC and RT-PCR analyses, suggesting troponins are not cardiomyocyte-specific and may play distinct roles in non-muscle cells during early development. Vimentin (VIM) was expressed in cultured ventricular fibroblast populations and flow cytometry revealed VIMHigh and VIMLow cell populations in the fetal heart. MHC positive cardiomyocytes were VIMLow whilst CD31 positive endothelial cells were VIMHigh. Using markers investigated within this study, we characterised fetal human cardiac populations and estimate that 75-80% of fetal cardiac cells are cardiomyocytes and are MHC+/cTnIHigh/VIMLow, whilst non-myocytes comprise 20-25% of total cells and are MHC-/cTnILow/VIMHigh, with CD31+ endothelial cells comprising ~9% of this population. These findings show distinct differences from those reported for adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Dewing
- Institute for Developmental Sciences, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Vinay Saunders
- Institute for Developmental Sciences, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ita O’Kelly
- Institute for Developmental Sciences, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Immunocore Ltd, Abingdon, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Wilson
- Institute for Developmental Sciences, School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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27
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Yao S, Uthaya S, Gale C, Modi N, Battersby C. Postnatal corticosteroid use for prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in England and Wales 2012-2019: a retrospective population cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063835. [PMID: 36396314 PMCID: PMC9676997 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the population of babies who do and do not receive postnatal corticosteroids for prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using data held in the National Neonatal Research Database. SETTING National Health Service neonatal units in England and Wales. PATIENTS Babies born less than 32 weeks gestation and admitted to neonatal units from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2019. MAIN OUTCOMES Proportion of babies given postnatal corticosteroid; type of corticosteroid; age at initiation and duration, trends over time. SECONDARY OUTCOMES Survival to discharge, treatment for retinopathy of prematurity, BPD, brain injury, severe necrotising enterocolitis, gastrointestinal perforation. RESULTS 8% (4713/62019) of babies born <32 weeks and 26% (3525/13527) born <27 weeks received postnatal corticosteroids for BPD. Dexamethasone was predominantly used 5.3% (3309/62019), followed by late hydrocortisone 1.5%, inhaled budesonide 1.5%. prednisolone 0.8%, early hydrocortisone 0.3% and methylprednisolone 0.05%. Dexamethasone use increased over time (2012: 4.5 vs 2019: 5.8%, p=0.04). Median postnatal age of initiation of corticosteroid course was around 3 weeks for late hydrocortisone, 4 weeks for dexamethasone, 6 weeks for inhaled budesonide, 12 weeks for prednisolone and 16 weeks for methylprednisolone. Babies who received postnatal corticosteroids were born more prematurely, had a higher incidence of comorbidities and a longer length of stay. CONCLUSIONS In England and Wales, around 1 in 12 babies born less than 32 weeks and 1 in 4 born less than 27 weeks receive postnatal corticosteroids to prevent or treat BPD. Given the lack of convincing evidence of efficacy, challenges of recruiting to and length of time taken to conduct randomised controlled trial, our data highlight the need to monitor long-term outcomes in children who received neonatal postnatal corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yao
- Neonatal Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sabita Uthaya
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Gale
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neena Modi
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cheryl Battersby
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Llorca-Cardenosa MJ, Aronson LI, Krastev DB, Nieminuszczy J, Alexander J, Song F, Dylewska M, Broderick R, Brough R, Zimmermann A, Zenke FT, Gurel B, Riisnaes R, Ferreira A, Roumeliotis T, Choudhary J, Pettitt SJ, de Bono J, Cervantes A, Haider S, Niedzwiedz W, Lord CJ, Chong IY. SMG8/SMG9 Heterodimer Loss Modulates SMG1 Kinase to Drive ATR Inhibitor Resistance. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3962-3973. [PMID: 36273494 PMCID: PMC9627126 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents the third leading cause of global cancer mortality and an area of unmet clinical need. Drugs that target the DNA damage response, including ATR inhibitors (ATRi), have been proposed as novel targeted agents in gastric cancer. Here, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of ATRi in preclinical models of gastric cancer and to understand how ATRi resistance might emerge as a means to identify predictors of ATRi response. A positive selection genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified candidate regulators of ATRi resistance in gastric cancer. Loss-of-function mutations in either SMG8 or SMG9 caused ATRi resistance by an SMG1-mediated mechanism. Although ATRi still impaired ATR/CHK1 signaling in SMG8/9-defective cells, other characteristic responses to ATRi exposure were not seen, such as changes in ATM/CHK2, γH2AX, phospho-RPA, or 53BP1 status or changes in the proportions of cells in S- or G2-M-phases of the cell cycle. Transcription/replication conflicts (TRC) elicited by ATRi exposure are a likely cause of ATRi sensitivity, and SMG8/9-defective cells exhibited a reduced level of ATRi-induced TRCs, which could contribute to ATRi resistance. These observations suggest ATRi elicits antitumor efficacy in gastric cancer but that drug resistance could emerge via alterations in the SMG8/9/1 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE These findings reveal how cancer cells acquire resistance to ATRi and identify pathways that could be targeted to enhance the overall effectiveness of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dragomir B. Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Alexander
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Feifei Song
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Zimmermann
- The healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Biopharma R&D, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frank T. Zenke
- The healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Biopharma R&D, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Riisnaes
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Ferreira
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stephen J. Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andres Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Syed Haider
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Y. Chong
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Devlin MJ, Miller R, Laforets F, Kotantaki P, Garsed DW, Kristeleit R, Bowtell DD, McDermott J, Maniati E, Balkwill FR. The Tumor Microenvironment of Clear-Cell Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1326-1339. [PMID: 36095166 PMCID: PMC9627265 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Some patients with advanced clear-cell ovarian cancer (CCOC) respond to immunotherapy; however, little is known about the tumor microenvironment (TME) of this relatively rare disease. Here, we describe a comprehensive quantitative and topographical analysis of biopsies from 45 patients, 9 with Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes (FIGO) stage I/II (early CCOC) and 36 with FIGO stage III/IV (advanced CCOC). We investigated 14 immune cell phenotype markers, PD-1 and ligands, and collagen structure and texture. We interrogated a microarray data set from a second cohort of 29 patients and compared the TMEs of ARID1A-wildtype (ARID1Awt) versus ARID1A-mutant (ARID1Amut) disease. We found significant variations in immune cell frequency and phenotype, checkpoint expression, and collagen matrix between the malignant cell area (MCA), leading edge (LE), and stroma. The MCA had the largest population of CD138+ plasma cells, the LE had more CD20+ B cells and T cells, whereas the stroma had more mast cells and αSMA+ fibroblasts. PD-L2 was expressed predominantly on malignant cells and was the dominant PD-1 ligand. Compared with early CCOC, advanced-stage disease had significantly more fibroblasts and a more complex collagen matrix, with microarray analysis indicating "TGFβ remodeling of the extracellular matrix" as the most significantly enriched pathway. Data showed significant differences in immune cell populations, collagen matrix, and cytokine expression between ARID1Awt and ARID1Amut CCOC, which may reflect different paths of tumorigenesis and the relationship to endometriosis. Increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells within the MCA and CD4+ T cells at the LE and stroma significantly associated with decreased overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael-John Devlin
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Laforets
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panoraia Kotantaki
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dale W. Garsed
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kristeleit
- Medical Oncology Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jacqueline McDermott
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances R. Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Rehman AM, Simms V, McHugh G, Mujuru H, Ngwira LG, Semphere R, Moyo B, Bandason T, Odland JO, Ferrand RA. Adherence to additional medication for management of HIV-associated comorbidities among older children and adolescents taking antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269229. [PMID: 35704559 PMCID: PMC9200347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of co-morbidities among persons living with HIV is an emerging priority, which may require additional medication over and above life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART). We explored factors associated with adherence to the trial drug among children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Bronchopulmonary Function in Response to Azithromycin Treatment for Chronic Lung Disease in HIV-Infected Children (BREATHE) trial. Methods The BREATHE trial recruited 6–19 year olds with perinatally acquired HIV and co-morbid chronic lung disease as measured by FEV1. This two-site trial was individually randomised (1:1), double-blind and placebo-controlled. Participants received a once-weekly weight-based dose of 1–5 tablets of azithromycin (AZM: 250mg) or placebo, taken orally. We used pharmacy dispensing records and count of returned pills to measure adherence to study medication. Logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with adherence coverage. Poisson regression with Lexis expansion for time was used to explore whether adherence modified the effect of azithromycin on the incidence of acute respiratory exacerbation, a secondary outcome of the trial. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02426112. Results The 347 participants (median age 15.3, 51% male) consumed 14,622 doses of study medication over 16,220 person-weeks under study. Adherence was higher for those randomised to AZM (73.4%) than placebo (68.4%) and declined over the 48 weeks of the study (Score test for trend <0.02). Those with unsuppressed HIV viral load at baseline had 2.08 (95% CI: 1.19, 3.63) times the odds of non-adherence than those with viral suppression. Differences were also observed between trial sites. Conclusion The majority of children and adolescents tolerated the addition of a once-weekly dose of medication to their pill burden. Barriers in adhering to treatment for co-morbid conditions are likely common to barriers in adhering to ART. Control of co-morbidities will therefore present additional challenges in HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Rehman
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Victoria Simms
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Grace McHugh
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hilda Mujuru
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Lucky G. Ngwira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robina Semphere
- Department of Microbiology & HNTI, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Brewster Moyo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Tsitsi Bandason
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jon O. Odland
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rashida A. Ferrand
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Cheng VW, de Pennington N, Zakaria R, Larkin JR, Serres S, Sarkar M, Kirkman MA, Bristow C, Croal P, Plaha P, Campo L, Chappell MA, Lord S, Jenkinson MD, Middleton MR, Sibson NR. VCAM-1-targeted MRI Improves Detection of the Tumor-brain Interface. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2385-2396. [PMID: 35312755 PMCID: PMC9662863 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite optimal local therapy, tumor cell invasion into normal brain parenchyma frequently results in recurrence in patients with solid tumors. The aim of this study was to determine whether microvascular inflammation can be targeted to better delineate the tumor-brain interface through vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)-targeted MRI. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Intracerebral xenograft rat models of MDA231Br-GFP (breast cancer) brain metastasis and U87MG (glioblastoma) were used to histologically examine the tumor-brain interface and to test the efficacy of VCAM-1-targeted MRI in detecting this region. Human biopsy samples of the brain metastasis and glioblastoma margins were examined for endothelial VCAM-1 expression. RESULTS The interface between tumor and surrounding normal brain tissue exhibited elevated endothelial VCAM-1 expression and increased microvessel density. Tumor proliferation and stemness markers were also significantly upregulated at the tumor rim in the brain metastasis model. T2*-weighted MRI, following intravenous administration of VCAM-MPIO, highlighted the tumor-brain interface of both tumor models more extensively than gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. Sites of VCAM-MPIO binding, evident as hypointense signals on MR images, correlated spatially with endothelial VCAM-1 upregulation and bound VCAM-MPIO beads detected histologically. These findings were further validated in an orthotopic medulloblastoma model. Finally, the tumor-brain interface in human brain metastasis and glioblastoma samples was similarly characterized by microvascular inflammation, extending beyond the region detectable using conventional MRI. CONCLUSIONS This work illustrates the potential of VCAM-1-targeted MRI for improved delineation of the tumor-brain interface in both primary and secondary brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinton W.T. Cheng
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rasheed Zakaria
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Larkin
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manjima Sarkar
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Kirkman
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Bristow
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Croal
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences & Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Puneet Plaha
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford and Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Campo
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Chappell
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences & Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lord
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D. Jenkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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32
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Stretton J, Schweizer S, Dalgleish T. Age-Related Enhancements in Positive Emotionality across The Life Span: Structural Equation Modeling of Brain and Behavior. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3461-3472. [PMID: 35256529 PMCID: PMC9034776 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1453-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a bias in attention and memories toward positive and away from negative emotional content. In addition, emotion regulation appears to improve with age, despite concomitant widespread cognitive decline coupled with gray matter volume loss in cortical and subcortical regions thought to subserve emotion regulation. Here, we address this emotion-aging paradox using the behavioral data of an emotion regulation task from a population-derived, male and female, human sample (CamCAN) and use structural equation modeling together with multivariate analysis of structural MRI images of the same sample to investigate brain-behavior relationships. In a series of measurement models, we show the relationship between age and emotionality is best explained by a four-factor model, compared with single and hierarchical factor models. These four latent factors are interpreted as Basal Negative Affect, Positive Reactivity, Negative Reactivity and Positive Regulation (upregulating positive emotion to negative content). Increasing age uniquely contributes to increased Basal Negative Affect, Positive Reactivity, and Positive Regulation, but not Negative Reactivity. Furthermore, we show gray matter volumes, namely in the bilateral frontal operculum, medial frontal gyrus, bilateral hippocampal complex, bilateral middle temporal gyri, and bilateral angular gyrus, are distinctly related to these four latent factors. Finally, we show that a subset of these brain-behavior relationships remain significant when accounting for age and demographic data. Our results support the notion of an age-related increase in positivity and are interpreted in the context of the socioemotional selectivity theory of improved emotion regulation in older age.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Aging is associated with a paradoxical increase in well-being and improved emotion regulation despite widespread cognitive decline and gray matter volume loss in neural regions that underlie emotion regulation. Using a population-derived sample, we test the theories behind this emotion/aging paradox with an emotion regulation task and structural MRI data. We report robust age-related increases in positivity across the life span and show structural neural integrity influences this relationship with increasing age. Several brain-behavior relationships remained unaffected by age and may represent empirically derived neural markers to explore the paradox of increased well-being in old age. The results support the predictions of socioemotional selectivity theory of improved emotion regulation in older age and challenge the amygdala-focused neural predictions of the aging brain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Stretton
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052 Australia
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB21 5EF, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
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33
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Cope TE, Hughes LE, Phillips HN, Adams NE, Jafarian A, Nesbitt D, Assem M, Woolgar A, Duncan J, Rowe JB. Causal Evidence for the Multiple Demand Network in Change Detection: Auditory Mismatch Magnetoencephalography across Focal Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3197-3215. [PMID: 35260433 PMCID: PMC8994545 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1622-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple demand (MD) system is a network of fronto-parietal brain regions active during the organization and control of diverse cognitive operations. It has been argued that this activation may be a nonspecific signal of task difficulty. However, here we provide convergent evidence for a causal role for the MD network in the "simple task" of automatic auditory change detection, through the impairment of top-down control mechanisms. We employ independent structure-function mapping, dynamic causal modeling (DCM), and frequency-resolved functional connectivity analyses of MRI and magnetoencephalography (MEG) from 75 mixed-sex human patients across four neurodegenerative syndromes [behavioral variant fronto-temporal dementia (bvFTD), nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA), posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), and Alzheimer's disease mild cognitive impairment with positive amyloid imaging (ADMCI)] and 48 age-matched controls. We show that atrophy of any MD node is sufficient to impair auditory neurophysiological response to change in frequency, location, intensity, continuity, or duration. There was no similar association with atrophy of the cingulo-opercular, salience or language networks, or with global atrophy. MD regions displayed increased functional but decreased effective connectivity as a function of neurodegeneration, suggesting partially effective compensation. Overall, we show that damage to any of the nodes of the MD network is sufficient to impair top-down control of sensation, providing a common mechanism for impaired change detection across dementia syndromes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previous evidence for fronto-parietal networks controlling perception is largely associative and may be confounded by task difficulty. Here, we use a preattentive measure of automatic auditory change detection [mismatch negativity (MMN) magnetoencephalography (MEG)] to show that neurodegeneration in any frontal or parietal multiple demand (MD) node impairs primary auditory cortex (A1) neurophysiological response to change through top-down mechanisms. This explains why the impaired ability to respond to change is a core feature across dementias, and other conditions driven by brain network dysfunction, such as schizophrenia. It validates theoretical frameworks in which neurodegenerating networks upregulate connectivity as partially effective compensation. The significance extends beyond network science and dementia, in its construct validation of dynamic causal modeling (DCM), and human confirmation of frequency-resolved analyses of animal neurodegeneration models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Cope
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Hughes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Holly N Phillips
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie E Adams
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Amirhossein Jafarian
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Nesbitt
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Moataz Assem
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Woolgar
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
| | - John Duncan
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
- Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
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34
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Larbalestier H, Keatinge M, Watson L, White E, Gowda S, Wei W, Koler K, Semenova SA, Elkin AM, Rimmer N, Sweeney ST, Mazzolini J, Sieger D, Hide W, McDearmid J, Panula P, MacDonald RB, Bandmann O. GCH1 Deficiency Activates Brain Innate Immune Response and Impairs Tyrosine Hydroxylase Homeostasis. J Neurosci 2022; 42:702-716. [PMID: 34876467 PMCID: PMC8805627 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0653-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Parkinson's disease (PD) risk gene GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, an essential cofactor in the synthesis of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. To investigate the mechanisms by which GCH1 deficiency may contribute to PD, we generated a loss of function zebrafish gch1 mutant (gch1-/-), using CRISPR/Cas technology. gch1-/- zebrafish develop marked monoaminergic neurotransmitter deficiencies by 5 d postfertilization (dpf), movement deficits by 8 dpf and lethality by 12 dpf. Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) protein levels were markedly reduced without loss of ascending dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. L-DOPA treatment of gch1-/- larvae improved survival without ameliorating the motor phenotype. RNAseq of gch1-/- larval brain tissue identified highly upregulated transcripts involved in innate immune response. Subsequent experiments provided morphologic and functional evidence of microglial activation in gch1-/- The results of our study suggest that GCH1 deficiency may unmask early, subclinical parkinsonism and only indirectly contribute to neuronal cell death via immune-mediated mechanisms. Our work highlights the importance of functional validation for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk factors and further emphasizes the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genome-wide association studies have now identified at least 90 genetic risk factors for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). Zebrafish are an ideal tool to determine the mechanistic role of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk genes in a vertebrate animal model. The discovery of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) as a genetic risk factor for PD was counterintuitive, GCH1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine (DA), mutations had previously been described in the non-neurodegenerative movement disorder dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Rather than causing DAergic cell death (as previously hypothesized by others), we now demonstrate that GCH1 impairs tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) homeostasis and activates innate immune mechanisms in the brain and provide evidence of microglial activation and phagocytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Larbalestier
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Keatinge
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Watson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Emma White
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Siri Gowda
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Katjusa Koler
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana A Semenova
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 00014
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Adam M Elkin
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Neal Rimmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Mazzolini
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Winston Hide
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jonathan McDearmid
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 00014
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
- Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Gouin T, Ellis-Hutchings R, Thornton Hampton LM, Lemieux CL, Wright SL. Screening and prioritization of nano- and microplastic particle toxicity studies for evaluating human health risks - development and application of a toxicity study assessment tool. Microplast nanoplast 2022; 2:2. [PMID: 35098152 PMCID: PMC8760192 DOI: 10.1186/s43591-021-00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Concern regarding the human health implications that exposure to nano- and microplastic particles (NMPs) potentially represents is increasing. While there have been several years of research reporting on the ecotoxicological effects of NMPs, human health toxicology studies have only recently emerged. The available human health hazard data are thus limited, with potential concern regarding the relevance and reliability for understanding the potential human health implications. In this study we develop and apply a NMP toxicity screening assessment tool (NMP-TSAT) for evaluating human health effects studies against a suite of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) criteria for both in vivo and in vitro studies. A total of 74 studies representing either inhalation or oral exposure pathways were identified and evaluated. Assessment categories include particle characterization, experimental design, and applicability for risk assessment; with critical and non-critical criteria organized to allow screening and prioritization. It is observed that the majority of studies evaluated using the NMP-TSAT have been performed on monodisperse particles, predominately spheres (≈60%), consisting of polystyrene (≈46%). The majority of studies have tested particles < 5 μm, with a minimal particle size of 10 nm and a maximum particle size of about 200 μm. The total assessment score (TAS) possible for in vivo studies is 52, whereas for in vitro studies it is 46, which is based on receiving a maximum score of 2 against 26 and 23 criteria, respectively. The evaluated TAS ranged from between 12 and 44 and 16-34, for in vivo and in vitro studies, respectively. Given the challenges associated with prioritizing studies based on ranking them according to their TAS we propose a Tiered approach, whereby studies are initially screened based on how they score against various critical criteria, which have been defined for their relevance for assessing the hazards and risks for human health. In this instance, studies that score a minimum of '1' against each of the critical criteria, regardless of how they rank according to their TAS, are prioritized as part of a Tier 1 screening and prioritization phase, which would then be followed by an expert evaluation, representing a Tier 2 level of assessment. Using this approach we identify 10 oral ingestion and 2 inhalation studies that score at least 1 against all critical criteria. Lastly, several key observations for strengthening future effects studies are identified, these include a need for the generation and access to standard reference materials representative of human exposure to NMPs for use in toxicity test systems and/or the improved characterization and verification of test particle characteristics, and the adoption of study design guidance, such as recommended by OECD, when conducting either in vivo inhalation or oral ingestion toxicity tests. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43591-021-00023-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Gouin
- TG Environmental Research, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Robert Ellis-Hutchings
- Toxicology and Environmental Research & Consulting, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48673 USA
| | - Leah M. Thornton Hampton
- Department of Toxicology, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA USA
| | - Christine L. Lemieux
- Air Quality and Risk Assessment Division, Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9 Canada
| | - Stephanie L. Wright
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ UK
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36
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Gil V, Miranda S, Riisnaes R, Gurel B, D'Ambrosio M, Vasciaveo A, Crespo M, Ferreira A, Brina D, Troiani M, Sharp A, Sheehan B, Christova R, Seed G, Figueiredo I, Lambros M, Dolling D, Rekowski J, Alajati A, Clarke M, Pereira R, Flohr P, Fowler G, Boysen G, Sumanasuriya S, Bianchini D, Rescigno P, Aversa C, Tunariu N, Guo C, Paschalis A, Bertan C, Buroni L, Ning J, Carreira S, Workman P, Swain A, Califano A, Shen MM, Alimonti A, Neeb A, Welti J, Yuan W, de Bono J. HER3 Is an Actionable Target in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6207-6218. [PMID: 34753775 PMCID: PMC8932336 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized for decades that ERBB signaling is important in prostate cancer, but targeting ERBB receptors as a therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer has been ineffective clinically. However, we show here that membranous HER3 protein is commonly highly expressed in lethal prostate cancer, associating with reduced time to castration resistance (CR) and survival. Multiplex immunofluorescence indicated that the HER3 ligand NRG1 is detectable primarily in tumor-infiltrating myelomonocytic cells in human prostate cancer; this observation was confirmed using single-cell RNA sequencing of human prostate cancer biopsies and murine transgenic prostate cancer models. In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patient-derived xenograft organoids with high HER3 expression as well as mouse prostate cancer organoids, recombinant NRG1 enhanced proliferation and survival. Supernatant from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells promoted murine prostate cancer organoid growth in vitro, which could be reversed by a neutralizing anti-NRG1 antibody and ERBB inhibition. Targeting HER3, especially with the HER3-directed antibody-drug conjugate U3-1402, exhibited antitumor activity against HER3-expressing prostate cancer. Overall, these data indicate that HER3 is commonly overexpressed in lethal prostate cancer and can be activated by NRG1 secreted by myelomonocytic cells in the tumor microenvironment, supporting HER3-targeted therapeutic strategies for treating HER3-expressing advanced CRPC. SIGNIFICANCE: HER3 is an actionable target in prostate cancer, especially with anti-HER3 immunoconjugates, and targeting HER3 warrants clinical evaluation in prospective trials.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neuregulin-1/genetics
- Neuregulin-1/metabolism
- Organoids/drug effects
- Organoids/metabolism
- Organoids/pathology
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gil
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Miranda
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Riisnaes
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mateus Crespo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Ferreira
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Brina
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martina Troiani
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - George Seed
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maryou Lambros
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Dolling
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Rekowski
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah Alajati
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Clarke
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Pereira
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Flohr
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Fowler
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gunther Boysen
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Semini Sumanasuriya
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diletta Bianchini
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Aversa
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Tunariu
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Guo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alec Paschalis
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Bertan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Buroni
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Ning
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Workman
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Swain
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Califano
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Michael M Shen
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonathan Welti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Nakamura KC, Sharott A, Tanaka T, Magill PJ. Input Zone-Selective Dysrhythmia in Motor Thalamus after Dopamine Depletion. J Neurosci 2021; 41:10382-10404. [PMID: 34753740 PMCID: PMC8672689 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1753-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and motor thalamus form circuits important for purposeful movement. In Parkinsonism, basal ganglia neurons often exhibit dysrhythmic activity during, and with respect to, the slow (∼1 Hz) and beta-band (15-30 Hz) oscillations that emerge in cortex in a brain state-dependent manner. There remains, however, a pressing need to elucidate the extent to which motor thalamus activity becomes similarly dysrhythmic after dopamine depletion relevant to Parkinsonism. To address this, we recorded single-neuron and ensemble outputs in the basal ganglia-recipient zone (BZ) and cerebellar-recipient zone (CZ) of motor thalamus in anesthetized male dopamine-intact rats and 6-OHDA-lesioned rats during two brain states, respectively defined by cortical slow-wave activity and activation. Two forms of thalamic input zone-selective dysrhythmia manifested after dopamine depletion: (1) BZ neurons, but not CZ neurons, exhibited abnormal phase-shifted firing with respect to cortical slow oscillations prevalent during slow-wave activity; and (2) BZ neurons, but not CZ neurons, inappropriately synchronized their firing and engaged with the exaggerated cortical beta oscillations arising in activated states. These dysrhythmias were not accompanied by the thalamic hypoactivity predicted by canonical firing rate-based models of circuit organization in Parkinsonism. Complementary recordings of neurons in substantia nigra pars reticulata suggested that their altered activity dynamics could underpin the BZ dysrhythmias. Finally, pharmacological perturbations demonstrated that ongoing activity in the motor thalamus bolsters exaggerated beta oscillations in motor cortex. We conclude that BZ neurons are selectively primed to mediate the detrimental influences of abnormal slow and beta-band rhythms on circuit information processing in Parkinsonism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Motor thalamus neurons mediate the influences of basal ganglia and cerebellum on the cerebral cortex to govern movement. Chronic depletion of dopamine from the basal ganglia causes some symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Here, we elucidate how dopamine depletion alters the ways motor thalamus neurons engage with two distinct oscillations emerging in cortico-basal ganglia circuits in vivo We discovered that, after dopamine depletion, neurons in the thalamic zone receiving basal ganglia inputs are particularly prone to becoming dysrhythmic, changing the phases and/or synchronization (but not rate) of their action potential firing. This bolsters cortical dysrhythmia. Our results provide important new insights into how aberrant rhythmicity in select parts of motor thalamus could detrimentally affect neural circuit dynamics and behavior in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi C Nakamura
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sharott
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
| | - Takuma Tanaka
- Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University, Hikone, Shiga 522-8522, Japan
| | - Peter J Magill
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TH, United Kingdom
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
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38
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Zhao Y, Morka N, Simpson BSS, Freeman A, Kirkham A, Kelly D, Whitaker HC, Emberton M, Norris JM. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography compared to multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer diagnosis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052277. [PMID: 34893484 PMCID: PMC8666885 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has improved almost every aspect of the prostate cancer diagnostic pathway. However, the novel imaging technique, prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) may have demonstrable accuracy in detecting and staging prostate cancer. Here, we describe a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing mpMRI to PSMA PET for the diagnosis of suspected prostate cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane databases will be conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be followed for screening, data extraction, statistical analysis and reporting. Included papers will be full-text articles providing original data, written in English articles and comparing the use of PSMA PET with mpMRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. All studies published between July 1977 and March 2021 will be eligible for inclusion. Study bias and quality will be assessed using Quadas-2 score. To ensure the quality of the reporting of studies, this protocol is written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 checklist. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval will not be required for this systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at both national and international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021239296.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naomi Morka
- University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | | | - Alex Freeman
- Department of Histopathology, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Alex Kirkham
- Department of Radiology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Kelly
- School of Healthcare Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hayley C Whitaker
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joseph M Norris
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Mansfield KL, Puntis S, Soneson E, Cipriani A, Geulayov G, Fazel M. Study protocol: the OxWell school survey investigating social, emotional and behavioural factors associated with mental health and well-being. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052717. [PMID: 34880020 PMCID: PMC9066348 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving our understanding of the broad range of social, emotional and behavioural factors that contribute to mental health outcomes in adolescents will be greatly enhanced with diverse, representative population samples. We present a protocol for a repeated self-report survey assessing risk and protective factors for mental health and well-being in school pupils aged 8-18 years with different socioeconomic backgrounds in England. The survey will provide a comprehensive picture of mental health and associated risks at the community level to inform the development of primary and secondary prevention and treatment strategies in schools. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol is for a large-scale online repeated self-report survey, representative of children and adolescents aged 8-18 years attending schools or further education colleges in participating counties in England. The survey consists of around 300 questions, including validated measures of mental health and well-being, risk and protective factors, and care-seeking behaviour and preferences. Additional questions each year vary to address current events and novel hypotheses, developed by the research team, collaborators and stakeholders. Primary analyses will investigate current and changing risk and protective factors, care-seeking behaviour and attitudes to allowing linkage of their sensitive data to other databases for research, and will compare measures of mental health to measures of well-being. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the University of Oxford Research Ethics Committee (Reference: R62366). Tailored data summaries will be provided to participating schools and stakeholders within 3 months of data collection. The main findings will be presented at scientific meetings, published in peer-reviewed journals and shared via digital and social media channels. At the end of the study, other researchers will be able to apply for access to anonymous data extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Puntis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Soneson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Galit Geulayov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mina Fazel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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40
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Millgate E, Kravariti E, Egerton A, Howes OD, Murray RM, Kassoumeri L, Donocik J, Lewis S, Drake R, Lawrie S, Murphy A, Collier T, Lees J, Stockton-Powdrell C, Walters J, Deakin B, MacCabe J. Cross-sectional study comparing cognitive function in treatment responsive versus treatment non-responsive schizophrenia: evidence from the STRATA study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054160. [PMID: 34824121 PMCID: PMC8627394 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 70%-84% of individuals with antipsychotic treatment resistance show non-response from the first episode. Emerging cross-sectional evidence comparing cognitive profiles in treatment resistant schizophrenia to treatment-responsive schizophrenia has indicated that verbal memory and language functions may be more impaired in treatment resistance. We sought to confirm this finding by comparing cognitive performance between antipsychotic non-responders (NR) and responders (R) using a brief cognitive battery for schizophrenia, with a primary focus on verbal tasks compared against other measures of cognition. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING This cross-sectional study recruited antipsychotic treatment R and antipsychotic NR across four UK sites. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). PARTICIPANTS One hundred and six participants aged 18-65 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder were recruited according to their treatment response, with 52 NR and 54 R cases. OUTCOMES Composite and subscale scores of cognitive performance on the BACS. Group (R vs NR) differences in cognitive scores were investigated using univariable and multivariable linear regressions adjusted for age, gender and illness duration. RESULTS Univariable regression models observed no significant differences between R and NR groups on any measure of the BACS, including verbal memory (ß=-1.99, 95% CI -6.63 to 2.66, p=0.398) and verbal fluency (ß=1.23, 95% CI -2.46 to 4.91, p=0.510). This pattern of findings was consistent in multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS The lack of group difference in cognition in our sample is likely due to a lack of clinical distinction between our groups. Future investigations should aim to use machine learning methods using longitudinal first episode samples to identify responder subtypes within schizophrenia, and how cognitive factors may interact within this. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER REC: 15/LO/0038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Millgate
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Kassoumeri
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacek Donocik
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Shôn Lewis
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Drake
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Lawrie
- Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh Division of Psychiatry, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Collier
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Jane Lees
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - James Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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Schneider C, Buchanan A, Taddese B, Deane CM. DLAB: deep learning methods for structure-based virtual screening of antibodies. Bioinformatics 2021; 38:377-383. [PMID: 34546288 PMCID: PMC8723137 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Antibodies are one of the most important classes of pharmaceuticals, with over 80 approved molecules currently in use against a wide variety of diseases. The drug discovery process for antibody therapeutic candidates however is time- and cost-intensive and heavily reliant on in vivo and in vitro high throughput screens. Here, we introduce a framework for structure-based deep learning for antibodies (DLAB) which can virtually screen putative binding antibodies against antigen targets of interest. DLAB is built to be able to predict antibody-antigen binding for antigens with no known antibody binders. RESULTS We demonstrate that DLAB can be used both to improve antibody-antigen docking and structure-based virtual screening of antibody drug candidates. DLAB enables improved pose ranking for antibody docking experiments as well as selection of antibody-antigen pairings for which accurate poses are generated and correctly ranked. We also show that DLAB can identify binding antibodies against specific antigens in a case study. Our results demonstrate the promise of deep learning methods for structure-based virtual screening of antibodies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The DLAB source code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/oxpig/dlab-public. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Buchanan
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
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42
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Kanel D, Vanes LD, Pecheva D, Hadaya L, Falconer S, Counsell SJ, Edwards DA, Nosarti C. Neonatal White Matter Microstructure and Emotional Development during the Preschool Years in Children Who Were Born Very Preterm. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0546-20.2021. [PMID: 34373253 PMCID: PMC8489022 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0546-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born very preterm (<33 weeks of gestation) are at a higher risk of developing socio-emotional difficulties compared with those born at term. In this longitudinal study, we tested the hypothesis that diffusion characteristics of white matter (WM) tracts implicated in socio-emotional processing assessed in the neonatal period are associated with socio-emotional development in 151 very preterm children previously enrolled into the Evaluation of Preterm Imaging study (EudraCT 2009-011602-42). All children underwent diffusion tensor imaging at term-equivalent age and fractional anisotropy (FA) was quantified in the uncinate fasciculus (UF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Children's socio-emotional development was evaluated at preschool age (median = 4.63 years). Exploratory factor analysis conducted on the outcome variables revealed a three-factor structure, with latent constructs summarized as: "emotion moderation," "social function," and "empathy." Results of linear regression analyses, adjusting for full-scale IQ and clinical and socio-demographic variables, showed an association between lower FA in the right UF and higher "emotion moderation" scores (β = -0.280; p < 0.001), which was mainly driven by negative affectivity scores (β = -0.281; p = 0.001). Results further showed an association between higher full-scale IQ and better social functioning (β = -0.334, p < 0.001). Girls had higher empathy scores than boys (β = -0.341, p = 0.006). These findings suggest that early alterations of diffusion characteristics of the UF could represent a biological substrate underlying the link between very preterm birth and emotional dysregulation in childhood and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kanel
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy D Vanes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Diliana Pecheva
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laila Hadaya
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Shona Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - David A Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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43
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Stirrup O, Boshier F, Venturini C, Guerra-Assunção JA, Alcolea-Medina A, Beckett A, Charalampous T, da Silva Filipe A, Glaysher S, Khan T, Kulasegaran Shylini R, Kele B, Monahan I, Mollett G, Parker M, Pelosi E, Randell P, Roy S, Taylor J, Weller S, Wilson-Davies E, Wade P, Williams R, Copas A, Cutino-Moguel MT, Freemantle N, Hayward AC, Holmes A, Hughes J, Mahungu T, Nebbia G, Partridge D, Pope C, Price J, Robson S, Saeed K, de Silva T, Snell L, Thomson E, Witney AA, Breuer J. SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 is associated with greater disease severity among hospitalised women but not men: multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:e001029. [PMID: 34544733 PMCID: PMC8453594 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 has been associated with an increased rate of transmission and disease severity among subjects testing positive in the community. Its impact on hospitalised patients is less well documented. METHODS We collected viral sequences and clinical data of patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 and hospital-onset COVID-19 infections (HOCIs), sampled 16 November 2020 to 10 January 2021, from eight hospitals participating in the COG-UK-HOCI study. Associations between the variant and the outcomes of all-cause mortality and intensive therapy unit (ITU) admission were evaluated using mixed effects Cox models adjusted by age, sex, comorbidities, care home residence, pregnancy and ethnicity. FINDINGS Sequences were obtained from 2341 inpatients (HOCI cases=786) and analysis of clinical outcomes was carried out in 2147 inpatients with all data available. The HR for mortality of B.1.1.7 compared with other lineages was 1.01 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.28, p=0.94) and for ITU admission was 1.01 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.37, p=0.96). Analysis of sex-specific effects of B.1.1.7 identified increased risk of mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.78, p=0.096) and ITU admission (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.90, p=0.011) in females infected with the variant but not males (mortality HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.10, p=0.177; ITU HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.04, p=0.086). INTERPRETATION In common with smaller studies of patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2, we did not find an overall increase in mortality or ITU admission associated with B.1.1.7 compared with other lineages. However, women with B.1.1.7 may be at an increased risk of admission to intensive care and at modestly increased risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stirrup
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florencia Boshier
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - José Afonso Guerra-Assunção
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adela Alcolea-Medina
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Infection Sciences, Viapath, London, UK
| | - Angela Beckett
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Themoula Charalampous
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sharon Glaysher
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Division of Infection, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Beatrix Kele
- Division of Infection, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Irene Monahan
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Guy Mollett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew Parker
- Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emanuela Pelosi
- Southampton Specialist Virology Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul Randell
- Department of Infection and Immunity, North West London Pathology, London, UK
| | - Sunando Roy
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, South West London Pathology, St. George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophie Weller
- Department of Virology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eleri Wilson-Davies
- Southampton Specialist Virology Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Phillip Wade
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions & Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rachel Williams
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Copas
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nick Freemantle
- Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew C Hayward
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alison Holmes
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Joseph Hughes
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tabitha Mahungu
- Department of Virology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gaia Nebbia
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Partridge
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions & Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cassie Pope
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Infection Care Group, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James Price
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Samuel Robson
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kordo Saeed
- Microbiology Innovation and Research Unit (MIRU), Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Thushan de Silva
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- The Florey Institute for Host-Pathogen Interactions & Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke Snell
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Thomson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adam A Witney
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Judith Breuer
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Microbiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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44
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Harris RJ, Cheung A, Ng JCF, Laddach R, Chenoweth AM, Crescioli S, Fittall M, Dominguez-Rodriguez D, Roberts J, Levi D, Liu F, Alberts E, Quist J, Santaolalla A, Pinder SE, Gillett C, Hammar N, Irshad S, Van Hemelrijck M, Dunn-Walters DK, Fraternali F, Spicer JF, Lacy KE, Tsoka S, Grigoriadis A, Tutt ANJ, Karagiannis SN. Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocyte Profiling Identifies IgG-Biased, Clonally Expanded Prognostic Phenotypes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4290-4304. [PMID: 34224371 PMCID: PMC7611538 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, humoral immune responses may contribute to clinical outcomes, especially in more immunogenic subtypes. Here, we investigated B lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin expression, and clonal features in breast tumors, focusing on aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). In samples from patients with TNBC and healthy volunteers, circulating and tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-B) were evaluated. CD20+CD27+IgD- isotype-switched B lymphocytes were increased in tumors, compared with matched blood. TIL-B frequently formed stromal clusters with T lymphocytes and engaged in bidirectional functional cross-talk, consistent with gene signatures associated with lymphoid assembly, costimulation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, cytotoxic T-cell activation, and T-cell-dependent B-cell activation. TIL-B-upregulated B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway molecules FOS and JUN, germinal center chemokine regulator RGS1, activation marker CD69, and TNFα signal transduction via NFκB, suggesting BCR-immune complex formation. Expression of genes associated with B lymphocyte recruitment and lymphoid assembly, including CXCL13, CXCR4, and DC-LAMP, was elevated in TNBC compared with other subtypes and normal breast. TIL-B-rich tumors showed expansion of IgG but not IgA isotypes, and IgG isotype switching positively associated with survival outcomes in TNBC. Clonal expansion was biased toward IgG, showing expansive clonal families with specific variable region gene combinations and narrow repertoires. Stronger positive selection pressure was present in the complementarity determining regions of IgG compared with their clonally related IgA in tumor samples. Overall, class-switched B lymphocyte lineage traits were conspicuous in TNBC, associated with improved clinical outcomes, and conferred IgG-biased, clonally expanded, and likely antigen-driven humoral responses. SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes assemble in clusters, undergoing B-cell receptor-driven activation, proliferation, and isotype switching. Clonally expanded, IgG isotype-biased humoral immunity associates with favorable prognosis primarily in triple-negative breast cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD20/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin D/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/biosynthesis
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Models, Statistical
- Phenotype
- Prognosis
- RNA-Seq
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- User-Computer Interface
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Harris
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- King's Health Partners Cancer Research UK Cancer Center, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph C F Ng
- Randall Center for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia M Chenoweth
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fittall
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Dominguez-Rodriguez
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Roberts
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dina Levi
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Alberts
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jelmar Quist
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aida Santaolalla
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Pinder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl Gillett
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- King's Health Partners Cancer Biobank, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sheeba Irshad
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Center for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F Spicer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N J Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Center, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Center, London, United Kingdom
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45
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Adiutori R, Puentes F, Bremang M, Lombardi V, Zubiri I, Leoni E, Aarum J, Sheer D, McArthur S, Pike I, Malaspina A. Analysis of circulating protein aggregates as a route of investigation into neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab148. [PMID: 34396108 PMCID: PMC8361415 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma proteome composition reflects the inflammatory and metabolic state of the organism and can be predictive of system-level and organ-specific pathologies. Circulating protein aggregates are enriched with neurofilament heavy chain-axonal proteins involved in brain aggregate formation and recently identified as biomarkers of the fatal neuromuscular disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Using unbiased proteomic methods, we have fully characterized the content in neuronal proteins of circulating protein aggregates from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and healthy controls, with reference to brain protein aggregate composition. We also investigated circulating protein aggregate protein aggregation propensity, stability to proteolytic digestion and toxicity for neuronal and endothelial cell lines. Circulating protein aggregates separated by ultracentrifugation are visible as electron-dense macromolecular particles appearing as either large globular or as small filamentous formations. Analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that circulating protein aggregates obtained from patients are enriched with proteins involved in the proteasome system, possibly reflecting the underlying basis of dysregulated proteostasis seen in the disease, while those from healthy controls show enrichment of proteins involved in metabolism. Compared to the whole human proteome, proteins within circulating protein aggregates and brain aggregates show distinct chemical features of aggregation propensity, which appear dependent on the tissue or fluid of origin and not on the health status. Neurofilaments' two high-mass isoforms (460 and 268 kDa) showed a strong differential expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis compared to healthy control circulating protein aggregates, while aggregated neurofilament heavy chain was also partially resistant to enterokinase proteolysis in patients, demonstrated by immunoreactive bands at 171 and 31 kDa fragments not seen in digested healthy controls samples. Unbiased proteomics revealed that a total of 4973 proteins were commonly detected in circulating protein aggregates and brain, including 24 expressed from genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Interestingly, 285 circulating protein aggregate proteins (5.7%) were regulated (P < 0.05) and are present in biochemical pathways linked to disease pathogenesis and protein aggregation. Biologically, circulating protein aggregates from both patients and healthy controls had a more pronounced effect on the viability of hCMEC/D3 endothelial and PC12 neuronal cells compared to immunoglobulins extracted from the same plasma samples. Furthermore, circulating protein aggregates from patients exerted a more toxic effect than healthy control circulating protein aggregates on both cell lines at lower concentrations (P: 0.03, in both cases). This study demonstrates that circulating protein aggregates are significantly enriched with brain proteins which are representative of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology and a potential source of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this incurable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Adiutori
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Fabiola Puentes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Michael Bremang
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Vittoria Lombardi
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Irene Zubiri
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Emanuela Leoni
- Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH & Co. KG, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Johan Aarum
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Denise Sheer
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Ian Pike
- Proteome Sciences plc, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London WC1H 9BB, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Kostiou V, Zhang H, Hall MWJ, Jones PH, Hall BA. Methods for analysing lineage tracing datasets. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:202231. [PMID: 34035949 PMCID: PMC8097194 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A single population of progenitor cells maintains many epithelial tissues. Transgenic mouse cell tracking has frequently been used to study the growth dynamics of competing clones in these tissues. A mathematical model (the 'single-progenitor model') has been argued to reproduce the observed progenitor dynamics accurately. This requires three parameters to describe the growth dynamics observed in transgenic mouse cell tracking-a division rate, a stratification rate and the probability of dividing symmetrically. Deriving these parameters is a time intensive and complex process. We compare the alternative strategies for analysing this source of experimental data, identifying an approximate Bayesian computation-based approach as the best in terms of efficiency and appropriate error estimation. We support our findings by explicitly modelling biological variation and consider the impact of different sampling regimes. All tested solutions are made available to allow new datasets to be analysed following our workflows. Based on our findings, we make recommendations for future experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kostiou
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Huairen Zhang
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Michael W. J. Hall
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Philip H. Jones
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Benjamin A. Hall
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Mitku AA, Zewotir T, North D, Jeena P, Naidoo RN. Effects of prenatal exposure factors on birth outcomes through mediation of favorable fetal growth conditions using structural equation modeling. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249664. [PMID: 33905420 PMCID: PMC8078817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Birth weight, birth length, and gestational age are major indicators of newborn health. Several prenatal exposure factors influence the fetal environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure factors, including socio-demographic, behavioural, dietary, physical activity, clinical and environmental on birth outcomes through the mediation of Favourable Fetal Growth Conditions (FFGC). Methods Data was obtained from six hundred and fifty-six Mother and Child in the Environment birth cohort study in Durban, South Africa from 2013 to 2017. We adopted structural equation models which evaluate the direct and indirect effects by allowing multiple simultaneous equations to incorporate confounding and mediation. Results A significant direct and indirect effect of FFGC on newborn weight, length, and gestational age was seen. Gestational weight gain and maternal body mass index in the first trimester exerted a mediation effect between maternal behavioural risk factors and FFGC. Similarly, the level of physical activity during pregnancy was associated with decreased gestational weight gain. The effects of maternal characteristics on newborn weight, length, and gestational age were largely indirect, operating through FFGC as a latent variable. Conclusions Gestational weight gain and maternal pre-gestational BMI were observed to mediate the association between prenatal behavioural risk factors and favourable fetal growth conditions. Trial registration Retrospectively registered from 01 March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweke A. Mitku
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Temesgen Zewotir
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Delia North
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prakash Jeena
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajen N. Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Purcell C, Daw P, Kerr C, Cleland J, Cowie A, Dalal HM, Ibbotson T, Murphy C, Taylor R. Protocol for an implementation study of an evidence-based home cardiac rehabilitation programme for people with heart failure and their caregivers in Scotland (SCOT:REACH-HF). BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040771. [PMID: 33277287 PMCID: PMC7722379 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite evidence that cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an essential component of care for people with heart failure, uptake is low. A centre-based format is a known barrier, suggesting that home-based programmes might improve accessibility. The aim of SCOT: Rehabilitation EnAblement in CHronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) is to assess the implementation of the REACH-HF home-based CR intervention in the context of the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland.This paper presents the design and protocol for this observational implementation study. Specific objectives of SCOT:REACH-HF are to: (1) assess service-level facilitators and barriers to the implementation of REACH-HF; (2) compare real-world patient and caregiver outcomes to those seen in a prior clinical trial; and (3) estimate the economic (health and social) impact of implementing REACH-HF in Scotland. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The REACH-HF intervention will be delivered in partnership with four 'Beacon sites' across six NHS Scotland Health Boards, covering rural and urban areas. Health professionals from each site will be trained to facilitate delivery of the 12-week programme to 140 people with heart failure and their caregivers. Patient and caregiver outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Assessments include the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), five-dimension EuroQol 5L, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire. Qualitative interviews will be conducted with up to 20 health professionals involved in programme delivery (eg, cardiac nurses, physiotherapists). 65 facilitator-patient consultations will be audio recorded and assessed for fidelity. Integrative analysis will address key research questions on fidelity, context and CR participant-related outcomes. The SCOT:REACH-HF findings will inform the future potential roll-out of REACH-HF in Scotland. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been given ethical approval by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Service (reference 20/WS/0038, approved 25 March 2020). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study is listed on the ISRCTN registry with study ID ISRCTN53784122. The research team will ensure that the study is conducted in accordance with both General Data Protection Regulations and the University of Glasgow's Research Governance Framework. Findings will be reported to the funder and shared with Beacon Sites, to facilitate service evaluation, planning and good practice. To broaden interest in, and understanding of REACH-HF, we will seek to publish in peer-reviewed scientific journals and present at stakeholder events, national and international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Daw
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Kerr
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aynsley Cowie
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, University Hospital Crosshouse, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Hasnain M Dalal
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Tracy Ibbotson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Clare Murphy
- Royal Alexandra Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rod Taylor
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Penney N, Barton W, Posma JM, Darzi A, Frost G, Cotter PD, Holmes E, Shanahan F, O'Sullivan O, Garcia-Perez I. Investigating the Role of Diet and Exercise in Gut Microbe-Host Cometabolism. mSystems 2020; 5:e00677-20. [PMID: 33262239 PMCID: PMC7716389 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00677-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the individual and combined effects of diet and physical exercise on metabolism and the gut microbiome to establish how these lifestyle factors influence host-microbiome cometabolism. Urinary and fecal samples were collected from athletes and less active controls. Individuals were further classified according to an objective dietary assessment score of adherence to healthy dietary habits according to WHO guidelines, calculated from their proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) urinary profiles. Subsequent models were generated comparing extremes of dietary habits, exercise, and the combined effect of both. Differences in metabolic phenotypes and gut microbiome profiles between the two groups were assessed. Each of the models pertaining to diet healthiness, physical exercise, or a combination of both displayed a metabolic and functional microbial signature, with a significant proportion of the metabolites identified as discriminating between the various pairwise comparisons resulting from gut microbe-host cometabolism. Microbial diversity was associated with a combination of high adherence to healthy dietary habits and exercise and was correlated with a distinct array of microbially derived metabolites, including markers of proteolytic activity. Improved control of dietary confounders, through the use of an objective dietary assessment score, has uncovered further insights into the complex, multifactorial relationship between diet, exercise, the gut microbiome, and metabolism. Furthermore, the observation of higher proteolytic activity associated with higher microbial diversity indicates that increased microbial diversity may confer deleterious as well as beneficial effects on the host.IMPORTANCE Improved control of dietary confounders, through the use of an objective dietary assessment score, has uncovered further insights into the complex, multifactorial relationship between diet, exercise, the gut microbiome, and metabolism. Each of the models pertaining to diet healthiness, physical exercise, or a combination of both, displayed a distinct metabolic and functional microbial signature. A significant proportion of the metabolites identified as discriminating between the various pairwise comparisons result from gut microbe-host cometabolism, and the identified interactions have expanded current knowledge in this area. Furthermore, although increased microbial diversity has previously been linked with health, our observation of higher microbial diversity being associated with increased proteolytic activity indicates that it may confer deleterious as well as beneficial effects on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Penney
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - W Barton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - J M Posma
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Darzi
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Frost
- Section for Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - E Holmes
- Section for Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - O O'Sullivan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - I Garcia-Perez
- Section for Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Koriath C, Kenny J, Adamson G, Druyeh R, Taylor W, Beck J, Quinn L, Mok TH, Dimitriadis A, Norsworthy P, Bass N, Carter J, Walker Z, Kipps C, Coulthard E, Polke JM, Bernal-Quiros M, Denning N, Thomas R, Raybould R, Williams J, Mummery CJ, Wild EJ, Houlden H, Tabrizi SJ, Rossor MN, Hummerich H, Warren JD, Rowe JB, Rohrer JD, Schott JM, Fox NC, Collinge J, Mead S. Predictors for a dementia gene mutation based on gene-panel next-generation sequencing of a large dementia referral series. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3399-3412. [PMID: 30279455 PMCID: PMC6330090 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation genetic sequencing (NGS) technologies facilitate the screening of multiple genes linked to neurodegenerative dementia, but there are few reports about their use in clinical practice. Which patients would most profit from testing, and information on the likelihood of discovery of a causal variant in a clinical syndrome, are conspicuously absent from the literature, mostly for a lack of large-scale studies. We applied a validated NGS dementia panel to 3241 patients with dementia and healthy aged controls; 13,152 variants were classified by likelihood of pathogenicity. We identified 354 deleterious variants (DV, 12.6% of patients); 39 were novel DVs. Age at clinical onset, clinical syndrome and family history each strongly predict the likelihood of finding a DV, but healthcare setting and gender did not. DVs were frequently found in genes not usually associated with the clinical syndrome. Patients recruited from primary referral centres were compared with those seen at higher-level research centres and a national clinical neurogenetic laboratory; rates of discovery were comparable, making selection bias unlikely and the results generalisable to clinical practice. We estimated penetrance of DVs using large-scale online genomic population databases and found 71 with evidence of reduced penetrance. Two DVs in the same patient were found more frequently than expected. These data should provide a basis for more informed counselling and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koriath
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - J Kenny
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - G Adamson
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - R Druyeh
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - W Taylor
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - J Beck
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - L Quinn
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - T H Mok
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - A Dimitriadis
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - P Norsworthy
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - N Bass
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, Maple House, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Carter
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, Maple House, University College London, London, UK
| | - Z Walker
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, Maple House, University College London, London, UK
- Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, SS11 7XX, UK
| | - C Kipps
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - E Coulthard
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Level 1 Learning and Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - J M Polke
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - M Bernal-Quiros
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - N Denning
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - R Thomas
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - R Raybould
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - J Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - C J Mummery
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - E J Wild
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - H Houlden
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - S J Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - M N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - H Hummerich
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - J D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - J B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - J D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - J M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - N C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - J Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - S Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK.
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