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Sanders MW, Van der Wolf I, Jansen FE, Aronica E, Helmstaedter C, Racz A, Surges R, Grote A, Becker AJ, Rheims S, Catenoix H, Duncan JS, De Tisi J, Jacques TS, Cross JH, Kalviainen R, Rauramaa T, Chassoux F, Devaux BC, Di Gennaro G, Esposito V, Bodi I, Honavar M, Bien CG, Cloppenborg T, Coras R, Hamer HM, Marusic P, Kalina A, Pieper T, Kudernatsch M, Hartlieb TS, Von Oertzen TJ, Aichholzer M, Dorfmuller G, Chipaux M, Noachtar S, Kaufmann E, Schulze-Bonhage A, Scheiwe CF, Özkara C, Grunwald T, Koenig K, Guerrini R, Barba C, Buccoliero AM, Giordano F, Rosenow F, Menzler K, Garbelli R, Deleo F, Krsek P, Straka B, Arzimanoglou AA, Toulouse J, Van Paesschen W, Theys T, Pimentel J, Loução De Amorim IM, Specchio N, De Palma L, Feucht M, Scholl T, Roessler K, Toledano Delgado R, Gil-Nagel A, Raicevic S, Ristic AJ, Schijns O, Beckervordersandforth J, San Antonio-Arce V, Rumia J, Blumcke I, Braun KP. Outcome of Epilepsy Surgery in MRI-Negative Patients Without Histopathologic Abnormalities in the Resected Tissue. Neurology 2024; 102:e208007. [PMID: 38290094 PMCID: PMC10962914 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Patients with presumed nonlesional focal epilepsy-based on either MRI or histopathologic findings-have a lower success rate of epilepsy surgery compared with lesional patients. In this study, we aimed to characterize a large group of patients with focal epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery despite a normal MRI and had no lesion on histopathology. Determinants of their postoperative seizure outcomes were further studied. METHODS We designed an observational multicenter cohort study of MRI-negative and histopathology-negative patients who were derived from the European Epilepsy Brain Bank and underwent epilepsy surgery between 2000 and 2012 in 34 epilepsy surgery centers within Europe. We collected data on clinical characteristics, presurgical assessment, including genetic testing, surgery characteristics, postoperative outcome, and treatment regimen. RESULTS Of the 217 included patients, 40% were seizure-free (Engel I) 2 years after surgery and one-third of patients remained seizure-free after 5 years. Temporal lobe surgery (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.62; 95% CI 1.19-5.76), shorter epilepsy duration (AOR for duration: 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99), and completely normal histopathologic findings-versus nonspecific reactive gliosis-(AOR: 4.69; 95% CI 1.79-11.27) were significantly associated with favorable seizure outcome at 2 years after surgery. Of patients who underwent invasive monitoring, only 35% reached seizure freedom at 2 years. Patients with parietal lobe resections had lowest seizure freedom rates (12.5%). Among temporal lobe surgery patients, there was a trend toward favorable outcome if hippocampectomy was part of the resection strategy (OR: 2.94; 95% CI 0.98-8.80). Genetic testing was only sporadically performed. DISCUSSION This study shows that seizure freedom can be reached in 40% of nonlesional patients with both normal MRI and histopathology findings. In particular, nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy should be regarded as a relatively favorable group, with almost half of patients achieving seizure freedom at 2 years after surgery-even more if the hippocampus is resected-compared with only 1 in 5 nonlesional patients who underwent extratemporal surgery. Patients with an electroclinically identified focus, who are nonlesional, will be a promising group for advanced molecular-genetic analysis of brain tissue specimens to identify new brain somatic epilepsy genes or epilepsy-associated molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits W Sanders
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iskander Van der Wolf
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Floor E Jansen
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Helmstaedter
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Attila Racz
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Surges
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Grote
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Albert J Becker
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Rheims
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hélène Catenoix
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John S Duncan
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jane De Tisi
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Helen Cross
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reetta Kalviainen
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francine Chassoux
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bertrand C Devaux
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Di Gennaro
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Istvan Bodi
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mrinalini Honavar
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian G Bien
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Cloppenborg
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hajo M Hamer
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petr Marusic
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adam Kalina
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tom Pieper
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kudernatsch
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Till S Hartlieb
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim J Von Oertzen
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Aichholzer
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Dorfmuller
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathilde Chipaux
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian F Scheiwe
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cigdem Özkara
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Koenig
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carmen Barba
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Buccoliero
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Flavio Giordano
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Menzler
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rita Garbelli
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesco Deleo
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pavel Krsek
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbora Straka
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexis A Arzimanoglou
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joseph Toulouse
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wim Van Paesschen
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tom Theys
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - José Pimentel
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabel M Loução De Amorim
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola Specchio
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luca De Palma
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martha Feucht
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theresa Scholl
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Roessler
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rafael Toledano Delgado
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Savo Raicevic
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aleksandar J Ristic
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Schijns
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Beckervordersandforth
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Victoria San Antonio-Arce
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jordi Rumia
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blumcke
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kees P Braun
- From the Department of Child Neurology (M.W.S, I.V.d.W., F.E.J, K.P.B.), Member of EpiCARE ERN, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Department of (Neuro)Pathology (E.A.), Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (E.A.), Heemstede, The Netherlands; Department of Epileptology (C.H., A.R., R.S.); Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburgy; Department of Neuropathology (A.J.B.), University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology (Sylvain Rheims, H.C.), Hospices Civils de Lyon and University of Lyon; Lyon's Neurosciences Research Center (INSERM U1028 / CNRS UMR5292) (Sylvain Rheims, Catenoix Hélène), France; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (J.S.D., J.D.T.); Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and the Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; UCL- NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Lingfield, United Kingdom; Kuopio Epilepsy Center (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland; Department of Pathology (R.K., T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Member of EpiCARE ERN, Kuopio, Finland; Hospital Sainte-Anne (F.C., B.C.D.), GHU-Paris, France; IRCCS NEUROMED (G.D.G., V.E.), Pozzilli (IS), Italy; Department of Neurosurgery (V.E.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuropathology (Istvan Bodi, M.H.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Neuroscience Center, Denmark Hill, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epileptology (Krankenhaus Mara) (C.G.B., T.C.), Medical School, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Bielefeld University; Department of Neuropathology (R.C.); Epilepsy Center (H.M.H.), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.M., A.K.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation, and Epileptology (T.P., M.K.), Schoen-Clinic, Vogtareuth, Germany; Research Institute "Rehabilitation, Transition, Palliation" (M.K.), PMU Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology I (T.J.V.O.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum; Faculty of Medicine (T.J.V.O., M.A.), Johannes Kepler University; Department of Neurosurgery (M.A.), Neuromed Campus, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria; Pediatric Neurosurgery Department (M.C.), Foundation Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Epilepsy Center (S.N., E.K.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Epilepsy Centre (A.S.-B.); Department of Neurosurgery (C.F.S.), University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology (C.O.), Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey; Swiss Epilepsy Center and Department of Neurology (K.K.), University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Department (Renzo Guerrini, C.B.), Pathology Unit (A.M.B.), and Neurosurgery Department (F.G.), Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; University of Florence (Renzo Guerrini, C.B., F.G.), Florence, Italy; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (F.R.), Department of Neurology, and LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main; Department of Neurology (F.R., K.M.), Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Epilepsy Unit (Rita Garbelli, F.D.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Pediatric Neurology (P.K., B.S.), Motol Epilepsy Center, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.A., J.T.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology University Hospitals of Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Unit (A.A.A., V.S.A.-A., J.R.), Child Neurology Department and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (W.V.P.); Department of Neurosurgery (T.T.), University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuropathology (J.P., I.M.L.D.A.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN)Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical and Experimental Neurology (N.S., L.D.P.), Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Center for Rare and Complex Epilepsies (M.F., T.S.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Epilepsy Program (R.T.D., A.G.-N.), Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Neuropathology (Savo Raicevic), Department of Pathology; Department for Epilepsy (A.J.R.), Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade; Medical Faculty (A.J.R.), University of Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Neurosurgery (O.S.), Academic Center for Epileptology; Department of Pathology (J.B.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and University Hospital Erlangen (Ingmar Blumcke), Neuropathology, Erlangen, Germany
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Peltola J, Colon AJ, Pimentel J, Coenen VA, Gil-Nagel A, Gonçalves Ferreira A, Lehtimäki K, Ryvlin P, Taylor RS, Ackermans L, Ardesch J, Bentes C, Bosak M, Burneo JG, Chamadoira C, Elger CE, Erőss L, Fabo D, Faulkner H, Gawlowicz J, Gharabaghi A, Iacoangeli M, Janszky J, Järvenpää S, Kaufmann E, Kho KH, Kumlien E, Laufs H, Lettieri C, Linhares P, Noachtar S, Parrent A, Pataraia E, Patel NK, Peralta AR, Rácz A, Campos AR, Rego R, Ricciuti RA, Rona S, Rouhl RPW, Schulze-Bonhage A, Schuurman R, Sprengers M, Sufianov A, Temel Y, Theys T, Van Paesschen W, Van Roost D, Vaz R, Vonck K, Wagner L, Zwemmer J, Abouihia A, Brionne TC, Gielen F, Boon PAJM. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in the MORE Multicenter Patient Registry. Neurology 2023; 100:e1852-e1865. [PMID: 36927882 PMCID: PMC10159763 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000206887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT DBS) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) was demonstrated in the double-blind Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy randomized controlled trial. The Medtronic Registry for Epilepsy (MORE) aims to understand the safety and longer-term effectiveness of ANT DBS therapy in routine clinical practice. METHODS MORE is an observational registry collecting prospective and retrospective clinical data. Participants were at least 18 years old, with focal DRE recruited across 25 centers from 13 countries. They were followed for at least 2 years in terms of seizure frequency (SF), responder rate (RR), health-related quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31), depression, and safety outcomes. RESULTS Of the 191 patients recruited, 170 (mean [SD] age of 35.6 [10.7] years, 43% female) were implanted with DBS therapy and met all eligibility criteria. At baseline, 38% of patients reported cognitive impairment. The median monthly SF decreased by 33.1% from 15.8 at baseline to 8.8 at 2 years (p < 0.0001) with 32.3% RR. In the subgroup of 47 patients who completed 5 years of follow-up, the median monthly SF decreased by 55.1% from 16 at baseline to 7.9 at 5 years (p < 0.0001) with 53.2% RR. High-volume centers (>10 implantations) had 42.8% reduction in median monthly SF by 2 years in comparison with 25.8% in low-volume center. In patients with cognitive impairment, the reduction in median monthly SF was 26.0% by 2 years compared with 36.1% in patients without cognitive impairment. The most frequently reported adverse events were changes (e.g., increased frequency/severity) in seizure (16%), memory impairment (patient-reported complaint, 15%), depressive mood (patient-reported complaint, 13%), and epilepsy (12%). One definite sudden unexpected death in epilepsy case was reported. DISCUSSION The MORE registry supports the effectiveness and safety of ANT DBS therapy in a real-world setting in the 2 years following implantation. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that ANT DBS reduces the frequency of seizures in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION MORE ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01521754, first posted on January 31, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Peltola
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Albert J Colon
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - José Pimentel
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Volker A Coenen
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Gonçalves Ferreira
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai Lehtimäki
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rod S Taylor
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Ackermans
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Ardesch
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Bentes
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Bosak
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge G Burneo
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Chamadoira
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian E Elger
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Loránd Erőss
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dániel Fabo
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Howard Faulkner
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacek Gawlowicz
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alireza Gharabaghi
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Iacoangeli
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jozsef Janszky
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Soila Järvenpää
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kuan H Kho
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Kumlien
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Helmut Laufs
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Lettieri
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paulo Linhares
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Parrent
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Pataraia
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikunj K Patel
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita Peralta
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Attila Rácz
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Rainha Campos
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Rego
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo A Ricciuti
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Rona
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rob P W Rouhl
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Schuurman
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Sprengers
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Sufianov
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Theys
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Paesschen
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Van Roost
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rui Vaz
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristl Vonck
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Wagner
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Zwemmer
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Abouihia
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas C Brionne
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Gielen
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A J M Boon
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
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