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Aricò M, Mastrangelo M, Di Noia SP, Mabusi MS, Kalolo A, Pisani F. The impact of a newly established specialized pediatric epilepsy center in Tanzania: An observational study. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 148:109454. [PMID: 37776594 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the impact of a newly established clinic for the diagnosis of pediatric epilepsy in a resource-limited center (Ifakara, Tanzania). METHODS Patients aged 0-18 years referred to the Pediatric Epilepsy Unit of Saint Francis Referral Hospital were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were collected through Kobo Toolbox and analyzed through a descriptive analysis.. RESULTS 143 patients were evaluated, and for 48 of them an EEG was recorded (abnormalities were detected in 80.85% of the cases). The diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed in 87 patients. Focal epilepsy was diagnosed in 57 patients, generalized epilepsy in 24 patients, and forms of unknown onset in 6 patients. Epilepsy was excluded for 9 children. Etiologies included hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (39%), central nervous system infections (3.4%), and genetic diseases (3.4%). A specific epilepsy syndrome was diagnosed in 16 patients. 74 patients were under treatment; the most used antiseizure medication (ASM) was phenobarbital (43.36%), followed by carbamazepine (16.08%), sodium valproate (11.19%), phenytoin (2.8%), and lamotrigine (0.7%). Therapeutic changes were proposed to 95 patients, more frequently consisting of withdrawing phenobarbital (39.16%), switching to sodium valproate (27.97%), switching to or adjusting carbamazepine dosage (27.27%), and starting prednisone (2.8%). 76% of the patients with confirmed epilepsy achieved complete seizure freedom at the fourth follow-up consultation. CONCLUSIONS Our data depicted the epilepsy spectrum and highlighted the prognostic implications of improving the availability of ASMs such as sodium valproate and second- and third-generation ones in resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aricò
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; UOC Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Mastrangelo
- Department of Women/Child Health and Urological Science, Sapienza-University of Rome, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sofia Pia Di Noia
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mgabo Siboti Mabusi
- Outpatients Department, Pediatric Epilepsy Unit, Saint Francis Referral Hospital, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Albino Kalolo
- Department of Public Health, Saint Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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Abd El-Rahman AA, El-Shafei SMA, Shehab GMG, Mansour L, Abuelsaad ASA, Gad RA. Assessment of Biochemical and Neuroactivities of Cultural Filtrate from Trichoderma harzianum in Adjusting Electrolytes and Neurotransmitters in Hippocampus of Epileptic Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1815. [PMID: 37763219 PMCID: PMC10533195 DOI: 10.3390/life13091815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a serious chronic neurological disorder, which is accompanied by recurrent seizures. Repeated seizures cause physical injuries and neuronal dysfunction and may be a risk of cancer and vascular diseases. However, many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have side effects of mood alteration or neurocognitive function, a reduction in neuron excitation, and the inhibition of normal activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum cultural filtrate (ThCF) when adjusting different electrolytes and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. METHODS Cytotoxicity of ThCF against LS-174T cancer cells was assessed using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Quantitative estimation for some neurotransmitters, electrolytes in sera or homogenate of hippocampi tissues, and mRNA gene expression for ion or voltage gates was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Treatment with ThCF reduces the proliferative percentage of LS-174T cells in a concentration-dependent manner. ThCF administration improves hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia in the sera of the epilepticus model. ThCF rebalances the elevated levels of many neurotransmitters and reduces the release of GABA and acetylcholine-esterase. Also, treatments with ThCF ameliorate the downregulation of mRNA gene expression for some gate receptors in hippocampal homogenate tissues and recorded a highly significant elevation in the expression of SCN1A, CACNA1S, and NMDA. CONCLUSION Secondary metabolites of Trichoderma (ThCF) have cytotoxic activity against LS-174T (colorectal cancer cell line) and anxiolytic-like activity through a GABAergic mechanism of action and an increase in GABA as inhibitory amino acid in the selected brain regions and reduced levels of NMDA and DOPA. The present data suggested that ThCF may inhibit intracellular calcium accumulation by triggering the NAADP-mediated Ca2+ signaling pathway. Therefore, the present results suggested further studies on the molecular pathway for each metabolite of ThCF, e.g., 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP), harzianic acid (HA), and hydrophobin, as an alternative drug to mitigate the side effects of AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef A. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, Egypt;
| | - Sally M. A. El-Shafei
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, Egypt;
| | - Gaber M. G. Shehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelaziz S. A. Abuelsaad
- Immunology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt;
| | - Rania A. Gad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, NAHDA University (NUB), Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt;
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Zou X, Zhu Z, Guo Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Cui Z, Ke Z, Jiang S, Tong Y, Wu Z, Mao Y, Chen L, Wang D. Neural excitatory rebound induced by valproic acid may predict its inadequate control of seizures. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104218. [PMID: 35970021 PMCID: PMC9399967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Valproic acid (VPA) represents one of the most efficient antiseizure medications (ASMs) for both general and focal seizures, but some patients may have inadequate control by VPA monotherapy. In this study, we aimed to verify the hypothesis that excitatory dynamic rebound induced by inhibitory power may contribute to the ineffectiveness of VPA therapy and become a predictor of post-operative inadequate control of seizures. Methods Awake craniotomy surgeries were performed in 16 patients with intro-operative high-density electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording. The relationship between seizure control and the excitatory rebound was further determined by diagnostic test and univariate analysis. Thereafter, kanic acid (KA)-induced epileptic mouse model was used to confirm that its behavior and neural activity would be controlled by VPA. Finally, a computational simulation model was established to verify the hypothesis. Findings Inadequate control of seizures by VPA monotherapy and post-operative status epilepticus are closely related to a significant excitatory rebound after VPA injection (rebound electrodes≧5/64, p = 0.008), together with increased synchronization of the local field potential (LFP). In addition, the neural activity in the model mice showed a significant rebound on spike firing (53/77 units, 68.83%). The LFP increased the power spectral density in multiple wavebands after VPA injection in animal experiments (p < 0.001). Computational simulation experiments revealed that inhibitory power-induced excitatory rebound is an intrinsic feature in the neural network. Interpretation Despite the limitations, we provide evidence that inadequate control of seizures by VPA monotherapy could be associated with neural excitatory rebounds, which were predicted by intraoperative ECoG analysis. Combined with the evidence from computational models and animal experiments, our findings suggested that ineffective ASMs may be because of the excitatory rebound, which is mediated by increased inhibitory power. Funding This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (62127810, 81970418), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX03) and ZJLab; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (18JC1410403, 19411969000, 19ZR1477700, 20Z11900100); MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment (21DZ2271000); Shanghai Shenkang (SHDC2020CR3073B).
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Asadi-Pooya AA, Rostaminejad M, Zeraatpisheh Z, Mirzaei Damabi N. Cosmetic adverse effects of antiseizure medications; A systematic review. Seizure 2021; 91:9-21. [PMID: 34052629 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We systematically reviewed the existing literature on the cosmetic adverse effects of antiseizure medications (ASMs) in order to depict a clear picture of these unwanted side effects of ASMs with a particular attention to hair loss, hirsutism, acne, and gingival hyperplasia. METHODS This systematic review was prepared according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Scopus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar from the inception to 25 March, 2021 were systematically searched. These key words (title/abstract) were used: "hair loss" OR "hirsutism" OR "acne" OR "gingival hyperplasia" AND "seizure" OR "epilepsy" OR "anriseizure" OR "antiepileptic". The exclusion criteria included: non-original studies, articles not in English, and animal studies. RESULTS The primary search yielded 3938 studies; 127 studies were related to the topic and were included in the current systematic review. The most robust evidence on cosmetic adverse effects of ASMs were related to phenytoin (causing gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, and acne) and valproate (causing hair loss and hirsutism); however, many other ASMs were also implicated in causing these cosmetic adverse effects. CONCLUSION Antiseizure medications may be associated with various cosmetic adverse effects. Phenytoin and valproate are the most notorious ASMs in this regard; but, other ASMs have also been implicated in causing hair loss, hirsutism, acne, and gingival hyperplasia. Physicians should pay more attention to these significant adverse effects that may affect a patient's facial attractiveness, quality of life, and emotional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Zahra Zeraatpisheh
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Li J, Zhang X, Li N, Zhao D, Li G, Lin W. Mortality Rates in People With Convulsive Epilepsy in Rural Northeast China. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1013. [PMID: 33041973 PMCID: PMC7517037 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the mortality rate and causes of death of phenobarbital (PB) monotherapy and sodium valproate (VPA) monotherapy in patients with convulsive epilepsy in rural northeast China and compare the differences in the results between the two antiepileptic drugs. Methods: Patients with convulsive epilepsy were recruited by trained public health workers in a project for epilepsy prevention and treatment. Patients were enrolled between January 2010 and December 2018 and were treated with PB or VPA. Mortality rate (MR), the proportional mortality ratio (PMR) for each cause, standardized mortality ratio, and years of potential life lost (YPLL) for sex, age, and cause were estimated based on the 2018 Chinese rural population. Results: A total of 3,916 patients with convulsive epilepsy enrolled in the study, of whom 3,418 received PB and 498 received VPA. There were 325 reported deaths (300 from the PB group) during the follow-up period. The MRs were 9.96 and 5.73% in the PB and VPA groups, respectively. The overall SMRs were 12.92 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 11.50–13.93) and 7.39 (95% CI: 4.78–10.91), for the PB and VPA groups, respectively. Cerebrovascular disease and heart disease were the major causes of death in both treatment groups. The average YPLL for the PB group (21.9 years) was higher than that for the VPA group (13.4 years). Conclusion: This is the first epidemiological study to examine the MR of patients with epilepsy in rural northeast China. Our study is somewhat different from previous studies reported in China, and we provide new relevant data from northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangjian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Peng X, Yan Y, Chen R, Wang X, Xu X. Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of magnesium valproate versus sodium valproate in acute seizures. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:271-276. [PMID: 31775535 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1699520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of magnesium valproate and sodium valproate as monotherapies in patients with epilepsy in China.Methods: We recruited patients admitted with seizures over a two-year period. All patients underwent early neurological assessments, electroencephalogram testing, and neuroimaging. The treatments received at baseline and at one year of follow-up were compared.Results: In total, 175 patients were included. The retention rates of the magnesium valproate and sodium valproate treatments were 73.1% and 64.2%, respectively. The main cause of discontinuation was the development of intolerable adverse events. The retention rate and total effective rate in the magnesium valproate group were significantly higher than those in the sodium valproate group (73.1% and 70.2% versus 64.2% and 47.2%, respectively). The safety endpoints included 120 patients (magnesium valproate: n = 67; sodium valproate: n = 53). The incidence of adverse events in the magnesium valproate group was significantly lower than that in the sodium valproate group (30% versus 51%).Conclusions: Magnesium valproate treatment shows favorable safety and tolerability and is associated with markedly improved seizure control. Ideally, future large, prospective, randomized, and double-blind studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Singh G, Sharma M, Krishnan A, Dua T, d'Aniello F, Manzoni S, Sander JW. Models of community-based primary care for epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries. Neurology 2020; 94:165-175. [PMID: 31919114 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review systematically community-based primary care interventions for epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries to rationalize approaches and outcome measures in relation to epilepsy care in these countries. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Global Index Medicus, CINAHL, and Web of Science was undertaken to identify trials and implementation of provision of antiseizure medications, adherence reinforcement, and/or health care provider or community education in community-based samples of epilepsy. Data on populations addressed, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from eligible articles. RESULTS The 24 reports identified comprise mostly care programs addressing active convulsive epilepsy. Phenobarbital has been used most frequently, although other conventional antiseizure medications (ASMs) have also been used, but none of the newer. Tolerability rates in these studies are high, but overall attrition is considerable. Other approaches include updating primary health care providers, reinforcing treatment adherence in clinics, and raising community awareness. In these programs, the coverage of existing treatment gap in the community, epilepsy-related mortality, and comorbidity burden are only fleetingly addressed. None, however, explicitly describe sustainability plans. CONCLUSIONS Cost-free provision, mostly of phenobarbital, has resulted in short-term seizure freedom in roughly half of the people with epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries. Future programs should include a range of ASMs. These should cover apart from seizure control and treatment adherence, primary health care provider education, community awareness, and referral protocols for specialist care. Programs should incorporate impact assessment at the local level. Sustainability in the long term as much as resilience and scalability should be addressed in future initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- From the Department of Neurology (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (M.S.), Indian Council of Medical Research; Department of Community Medicine (A.K.), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Mental Health Division (T.D.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (F.d'.A.), University of Naples Federico II, ; University of Campania (S.M.), Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (G.S., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (G.S., J.W.S.), Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.S.), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- From the Department of Neurology (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (M.S.), Indian Council of Medical Research; Department of Community Medicine (A.K.), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Mental Health Division (T.D.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (F.d'.A.), University of Naples Federico II, ; University of Campania (S.M.), Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (G.S., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (G.S., J.W.S.), Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.S.), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Anand Krishnan
- From the Department of Neurology (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (M.S.), Indian Council of Medical Research; Department of Community Medicine (A.K.), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Mental Health Division (T.D.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (F.d'.A.), University of Naples Federico II, ; University of Campania (S.M.), Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (G.S., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (G.S., J.W.S.), Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.S.), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Tarun Dua
- From the Department of Neurology (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (M.S.), Indian Council of Medical Research; Department of Community Medicine (A.K.), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Mental Health Division (T.D.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (F.d'.A.), University of Naples Federico II, ; University of Campania (S.M.), Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (G.S., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (G.S., J.W.S.), Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.S.), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Francesco d'Aniello
- From the Department of Neurology (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (M.S.), Indian Council of Medical Research; Department of Community Medicine (A.K.), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Mental Health Division (T.D.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (F.d'.A.), University of Naples Federico II, ; University of Campania (S.M.), Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (G.S., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (G.S., J.W.S.), Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.S.), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Sara Manzoni
- From the Department of Neurology (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (M.S.), Indian Council of Medical Research; Department of Community Medicine (A.K.), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Mental Health Division (T.D.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (F.d'.A.), University of Naples Federico II, ; University of Campania (S.M.), Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (G.S., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (G.S., J.W.S.), Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.S.), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Josemir W Sander
- From the Department of Neurology (G.S.), Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (M.S.), Indian Council of Medical Research; Department of Community Medicine (A.K.), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Mental Health Division (T.D.), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery (F.d'.A.), University of Naples Federico II, ; University of Campania (S.M.), Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre (G.S., J.W.S.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy (G.S., J.W.S.), Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom; and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.W.S.), Heemstede, Netherlands.
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Li J, Yang D, Zhao D, Li N, Lin W. Efficacy of phenobarbital and sodium valproate in treating convulsive epilepsy in rural northeast China. Seizure 2019; 71:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Jost J, Moyano LM, Auditeau E, Boumediene F, Ratsimbazafy V, Preux PM. Interventional programs to improve therapeutic management of people with epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 80:337-345. [PMID: 29398627 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the current status of initiatives carried out in developing countries to improve therapeutic management of people with epilepsy. METHODS A literature review was performed in 2015 to identify and analyze interventional programs carried out in countries with low- and middle-income economies. Electronic databases were reviewed with no time restriction. Each intervention was categorized according to the level of evidence achieved (A: blind randomized controlled trial, B: randomized controlled trial, C1: randomized trial, C2: controlled trial, D: prospective cohort, E: retrospective evaluation). RESULTS A total of 46 intervention projects were identified, 13 with no quantitative assessment. The 31 remaining projects were carried out in 18 countries, 52% (16) in Africa, 42% (13) in Asia, and 6% (2) in Latin America. Among those, 13% (4) were level B, 3% (1) C1, 6% (2) C2, 74% (23) D, and 3% (1) were level E. The effectiveness of the intervention, assessed by the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs, was the primary objective in 81% (25). People with epilepsy were on average seizure-free in 44.6%±14.4% of cases at one year, ranging from 25.0% to 78.4%. At two years, on average 50.9%±29.7% are seizure-free, ranging from 4.6 to 92.7%. The median compliance was 79.3% with a minimum of 21.6% and a maximum of 100.0%. DISCUSSION No blind randomized controlled trial has been used to assess the efficacy of a program to improve access to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in developing countries, and the level of evidence was globally low. Phenobarbital remains the AED predominantly used in programs. Adherence to treatment management has been pointed out to be a key element in the success of a program, sometimes not sufficiently considered. Monthly supply of AEDs, at specific and community level, reducing the costs and time spent traveling, appeared to be the most effective strategies. Homogenization and standardization of evaluation practices of programs to improve the management of epilepsy in resource-limited settings would lead to comparison and meta-analysis which would ultimately improve strategies of support for not only epilepsy but also other noncommunicable diseases in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Jost
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France.
| | - Luz Maria Moyano
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France; Cysticercosis Elimination Program and Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Emilie Auditeau
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France
| | - Farid Boumediene
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France.
| | - Voa Ratsimbazafy
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacy, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Preux
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges, France.
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Anti-epileptic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides by inhibition of intracellular calcium accumulation and stimulation of expression of CaMKII α in epileptic hippocampal neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102161. [PMID: 25010576 PMCID: PMC4092074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the mechanism of the anti-epileptic effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP), the changes of intracellular calcium and CaMK II α expression in a model of epileptic neurons were investigated. Method Primary hippocampal neurons were divided into: 1) Control group, neurons were cultured with Neurobasal medium, for 3 hours; 2) Model group I: neurons were incubated with Mg2+ free medium for 3 hours; 3) Model group II: neurons were incubated with Mg2+ free medium for 3 hours then cultured with the normal medium for a further 3 hours; 4) GLP group I: neurons were incubated with Mg2+ free medium containing GLP (0.375 mg/ml) for 3 hours; 5) GLP group II: neurons were incubated with Mg2+ free medium for 3 hours then cultured with a normal culture medium containing GLP for a further 3 hours. The CaMK II α protein expression was assessed by Western-blot. Ca2+ turnover in neurons was assessed using Fluo-3/AM which was added into the replacement medium and Ca2+ turnover was observed under a laser scanning confocal microscope. Results The CaMK II α expression in the model groups was less than in the control groups, however, in the GLP groups, it was higher than that observed in the model group. Ca2+ fluorescence intensity in GLP group I was significantly lower than that in model group I after 30 seconds, while in GLP group II, it was reduced significantly compared to model group II after 5 minutes. Conclusion GLP may inhibit calcium overload and promote CaMK II α expression to protect epileptic neurons.
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