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Gemignani J, Gervain J. A Within-Subject Multimodal NIRS-EEG Classifier for Infant Data. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4161. [PMID: 39000941 PMCID: PMC11244119 DOI: 10.3390/s24134161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and Electroencephalography (EEG) are commonly employed neuroimaging methods in developmental neuroscience. Since they offer complementary strengths and their simultaneous recording is relatively easy, combining them is highly desirable. However, to date, very few infant studies have been conducted with NIRS-EEG, partly because analyzing and interpreting multimodal data is challenging. In this work, we propose a framework to carry out a multivariate pattern analysis that uses an NIRS-EEG feature matrix, obtained by selecting EEG trials presented within larger NIRS blocks, and combining the corresponding features. Importantly, this classifier is intended to be sensitive enough to apply to individual-level, and not group-level data. We tested the classifier on NIRS-EEG data acquired from five newborn infants who were listening to human speech and monkey vocalizations. We evaluated how accurately the model classified stimuli when applied to EEG data alone, NIRS data alone, or combined NIRS-EEG data. For three out of five infants, the classifier achieved high and statistically significant accuracy when using features from the NIRS data alone, but even higher accuracy when using combined EEG and NIRS data, particularly from both hemoglobin components. For the other two infants, accuracies were lower overall, but for one of them the highest accuracy was still achieved when using combined EEG and NIRS data with both hemoglobin components. We discuss how classification based on joint NIRS-EEG data could be modified to fit the needs of different experimental paradigms and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gemignani
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Judit Gervain
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Université Paris Cité & CNRS, 75006 Paris, France
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2
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Wu D, Chang C, Yang J, Luo J, Xie S, Li H. Habit-DisHabit Design with a Quadratic Equation: A Better Model of the Hemodynamic Changes in Preschoolers during the Dimension Change Card Sorting Task. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1574. [PMID: 37761535 PMCID: PMC10528280 DOI: 10.3390/children10091574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
General linear modeling (GLM) has been widely employed to estimate the hemodynamic changes observed by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology, which are found to be nonlinear rather than linear, however. Therefore, GLM might not be appropriate for modeling the hemodynamic changes evoked by cognitive processing in developmental neurocognitive studies. There is an urgent need to identify a better statistical model to fit into the nonlinear fNIRS data. This study addressed this need by developing a quadratic equation model to reanalyze the existing fNIRS data (N = 38, Mage = 5.0 years, SD = 0.69 years, 17 girls) collected from the mixed-order design Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) task and verified the model with a new set of data with the Habit-DisHabit design. First, comparing the quadratic and cubic modeling results of the mixed-order design data indicated that the proposed quadratic equation was better than GLM and cubic regression to model the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) changes in this task. Second, applying this quadratic model with the Habit-DisHabit design data verified its suitability and indicated that the new design was more effective in identifying the neural correlates of cognitive shifting than the mixed-order design. These findings jointly indicate that Habit-DisHabit Design with a quadratic equation might better model the hemodynamic changes in preschoolers during the DCCS task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.C.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiutong Luo
- Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.L.); (S.X.)
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sha Xie
- Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (J.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Hui Li
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
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3
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Li R, Yang D, Fang F, Hong KS, Reiss AL, Zhang Y. Concurrent fNIRS and EEG for Brain Function Investigation: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155865. [PMID: 35957421 PMCID: PMC9371171 DOI: 10.3390/s22155865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) stand as state-of-the-art techniques for non-invasive functional neuroimaging. On a unimodal basis, EEG has poor spatial resolution while presenting high temporal resolution. In contrast, fNIRS offers better spatial resolution, though it is constrained by its poor temporal resolution. One important merit shared by the EEG and fNIRS is that both modalities have favorable portability and could be integrated into a compatible experimental setup, providing a compelling ground for the development of a multimodal fNIRS-EEG integration analysis approach. Despite a growing number of studies using concurrent fNIRS-EEG designs reported in recent years, the methodological reference of past studies remains unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, this review critically summarizes the status of analysis methods currently used in concurrent fNIRS-EEG studies, providing an up-to-date overview and guideline for future projects to conduct concurrent fNIRS-EEG studies. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science through 31 August 2021. After screening and qualification assessment, 92 studies involving concurrent fNIRS-EEG data recordings and analyses were included in the final methodological review. Specifically, three methodological categories of concurrent fNIRS-EEG data analyses, including EEG-informed fNIRS analyses, fNIRS-informed EEG analyses, and parallel fNIRS-EEG analyses, were identified and explained with detailed description. Finally, we highlighted current challenges and potential directions in concurrent fNIRS-EEG data analyses in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihui Li
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Dalin Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 43241, Korea
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 4515 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Keum-Shik Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 43241, Korea
| | - Allan L. Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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Ayaz H, Baker WB, Blaney G, Boas DA, Bortfeld H, Brady K, Brake J, Brigadoi S, Buckley EM, Carp SA, Cooper RJ, Cowdrick KR, Culver JP, Dan I, Dehghani H, Devor A, Durduran T, Eggebrecht AT, Emberson LL, Fang Q, Fantini S, Franceschini MA, Fischer JB, Gervain J, Hirsch J, Hong KS, Horstmeyer R, Kainerstorfer JM, Ko TS, Licht DJ, Liebert A, Luke R, Lynch JM, Mesquida J, Mesquita RC, Naseer N, Novi SL, Orihuela-Espina F, O’Sullivan TD, Peterka DS, Pifferi A, Pollonini L, Sassaroli A, Sato JR, Scholkmann F, Spinelli L, Srinivasan VJ, St. Lawrence K, Tachtsidis I, Tong Y, Torricelli A, Urner T, Wabnitz H, Wolf M, Wolf U, Xu S, Yang C, Yodh AG, Yücel MA, Zhou W. Optical imaging and spectroscopy for the study of the human brain: status report. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:S24001. [PMID: 36052058 PMCID: PMC9424749 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.s2.s24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This report is the second part of a comprehensive two-part series aimed at reviewing an extensive and diverse toolkit of novel methods to explore brain health and function. While the first report focused on neurophotonic tools mostly applicable to animal studies, here, we highlight optical spectroscopy and imaging methods relevant to noninvasive human brain studies. We outline current state-of-the-art technologies and software advances, explore the most recent impact of these technologies on neuroscience and clinical applications, identify the areas where innovation is needed, and provide an outlook for the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ayaz
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Drexel University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wesley B. Baker
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Giles Blaney
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Heather Bortfeld
- University of California, Merced, Departments of Psychological Sciences and Cognitive and Information Sciences, Merced, California, United States
| | - Kenneth Brady
- Lurie Children’s Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Joshua Brake
- Harvey Mudd College, Department of Engineering, Claremont, California, United States
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- University of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Padua, Italy
| | - Erin M. Buckley
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Stefan A. Carp
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, DOT-HUB, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle R. Cowdrick
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Chuo University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Devor
- Boston University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Washington University in St. Louis, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Lauren L. Emberson
- University of British Columbia, Department of Psychology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sergio Fantini
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maria Angela Franceschini
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jonas B. Fischer
- ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Gervain
- University of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Padua, Italy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
| | - Joy Hirsch
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Comparative Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keum-Shik Hong
- Pusan National University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Qingdao University, School of Automation, Institute for Future, Qingdao, China
| | - Roarke Horstmeyer
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
- Duke University, Department of Physics, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jana M. Kainerstorfer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Carnegie Mellon University, Neuroscience Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tiffany S. Ko
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Daniel J. Licht
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Adam Liebert
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Luke
- Macquarie University, Department of Linguistics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie University Hearing, Australia Hearing Hub, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer M. Lynch
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jaume Mesquida
- Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Critical Care Department, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noman Naseer
- Air University, Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sergio L. Novi
- University of Campinas, Institute of Physics, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Thomas D. O’Sullivan
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Electrical Engineering, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Darcy S. Peterka
- Columbia University, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behaviour Institute, New York, United States
| | | | - Luca Pollonini
- University of Houston, Department of Engineering Technology, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- Federal University of ABC, Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- National Research Council (CNR), IFN – Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Milan, Italy
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, New York, United States
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, United States
| | - Keith St. Lawrence
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Imaging Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western University, Department of Medical Biophysics, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yunjie Tong
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milan, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), IFN – Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Milan, Italy
| | - Tara Urner
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Xu
- Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Changhuei Yang
- California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Meryem A. Yücel
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
- China Jiliang University, College of Optical and Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Broadband-NIRS System Identifies Epileptic Focus in a Child with Focal Cortical Dysplasia—A Case Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030260. [PMID: 35323703 PMCID: PMC8951122 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are transiently occurring symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Previous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies during seizures have focused in only monitoring the brain oxygenation and haemodynamic changes. However, few tools are available to measure actual cellular metabolism during seizures, especially at the bedside. Here we use an in-house developed multichannel broadband NIRS (or bNIRS) system, that, alongside the changes in oxy-, deoxy- haemoglobin concentration (HbO2, HHb), also quantifies the changes in oxidised cytochrome-c-oxidase Δ(oxCCO), a marker of cellular oxygen metabolism, simultaneously over 16 different brain locations. We used bNIRS to measure metabolic activity alongside brain tissue haemodynamics/oxygenation during 17 epileptic seizures at the bedside of a 3-year-old girl with seizures due to an extensive malformation of cortical development in the left posterior quadrant. Simultaneously Video-EEG data was recorded from 12 channels. Whilst we did observe the expected increase in brain tissue oxygenation (HbD) during seizures, it was almost diminished in the area of the focal cortical dysplasia. Furthermore, in the area of seizure origination (epileptic focus) ΔoxCCO decreased significantly at the time of seizure generalization when compared to the mean change in all other channels. We hypothesize that this indicates an incapacity to sustain and increase brain tissue metabolism during seizures in the region of the epileptic focus.
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Gu X, Yang B, Gao S, Yan LF, Xu D, Wang W. Application of bi-modal signal in the classification and recognition of drug addiction degree based on machine learning. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:6926-6940. [PMID: 34517564 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on drug addiction degree are made based on statistical scales, addicts' account, and subjective judgement of rehabilitation doctors. No objective, quantified evaluation has been made. This paper uses devises the synchronous bimodal signal collection and experimentation paradigm with electroencephalogram (EEG) and forehead high-density near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device. The drug addicts are classified into mild, moderate and severe groups with reference to the suggestions of researchers and medical experts. Data of 45 drug addicts (mild: 15; moderate: 15; and severe: 15) is collected, and then used to design an addiction degree testing algorithm based on decision fusion. The algorithm is used to classify mild, moderate and severe addiction. This paper pioneers to use two types of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to abstract the EEG and NIR data of drug addicts, and introduces batch normalization to CNN, thus accelerating training process, reducing parameter sensitivity, and enhancing system robustness. The characteristics output by two CNNs are transformed into dimensions. Two new characteristics are assigned with a weight of 50% each. The data is used for decision fusion. In the networks, 27 subjects are used as training sets, 9 as validation sets, and 9 as testing sets. The 3-class accuracy remains to be 63.15%, preliminarily justifying this method as an effective approach to measure drug addiction degree. And the method is ready to use, objective, and offers results in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Gu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Banghua Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shouwei Gao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lin Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Administration Bureau, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
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8
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HU XINHUA, XIAO GANG, ZHU KEXIN, HU SHUYI, CHEN JIU, YU YUN. APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES: EPILEPSY, STROKE AND PARKINSON. J MECH MED BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519420400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology is an optical imaging technology that applies near-infrared light to measure the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration alteration in cortical brain structures. It has the ability to directly measure changes in the blood oxygen level of the high temporal resolution associated with neural activation. Thus, it has been utilized in different neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, stroke, and Parkinson. The work of this paper will focus on the application of the fNIRS in the three neurological diseases and the principle of fNIRS. Moreover, the difficulties and challenges that the technology is currently experiencing have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- XINHUA HU
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P. R. China
| | - GANG XIAO
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - KEXIN ZHU
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P. R. China
| | - SHUYI HU
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P. R. China
| | - JIU CHEN
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P. R. China
| | - YUN YU
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P. R. China
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9
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Yang B, Gu X, Gu C, Xu D, Fan C. Review of pathological index detection and new rehabilitation technique of drug addicts. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2020.9050010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two major research issues with regard to detoxification; one is pathological testing of drug users and the other is rehabilitation methods and techniques. Over the years, domestic and foreign researchers have done a lot of work on pathological changes in the brain and rehabilitation techniques for drug users. This article discusses the research status of these two aspects. At present, the evaluation of brain function in drug addicts is still dominated by a single electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), or magnetic resonance imaging scan. The multimodal physiological data acquisition method based on EEG–NIRS technique is relatively advantageous for actual physiological data acquisition. The traditional drug rehabilitation method is based on medication and psychological counseling. In recent years, psychological correction (e.g., emotional ventilation, intelligent physical and mental decompression, virtual reality technique and drug addiction suppression system, sports training, and rehabilitation) and physical therapy (transcranial magnetic stimulation) have gradually spread. These rehabilitations focus on comprehensive treatment from the psychological and physical aspects. In recent years, new intervention ideas such as brain–computer interface technique have been continuously proposed. In this review, we have introduced multimodal brain function detection and rehabilitation intervention, which have theoretical and practical significance in drug rehabilitation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghua Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuelin Gu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Shanghai Qingdong Drug Rehabilitation Center, Shanghai 201701, China
| | - Ding Xu
- Shanghai Drug Rehabilitation Administration, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chengcheng Fan
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Zhu L, Haghani S, Najafizadeh L. On fractality of functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals: analysis and applications. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:025001. [PMID: 32377544 PMCID: PMC7189210 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.2.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The human brain is a highly complex system with nonlinear, dynamic behavior. A majority of brain imaging studies employing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), however, have considered only the spatial domain and have ignored the temporal properties of fNIRS recordings. Methods capable of revealing nonlinearities in fNIRS recordings can provide new insights about how the brain functions. Aim: The temporal characteristics of fNIRS signals are explored by comprehensively investigating their fractal properties. Approach: Fractality of fNIRS signals is analyzed using scaled windowed variance (SWV), as well as using visibility graph (VG), a method which converts a given time series into a graph. Additionally, the fractality of fNIRS signals obtained under resting-state and task-based conditions is compared, and the application of fractality in differentiating brain states is demonstrated for the first time via various classification approaches. Results: Results from SWV analysis show the existence of high fractality in fNIRS recordings. It is shown that differences in the temporal characteristics of fNIRS signals related to task-based and resting-state conditions can be revealed via the VGs constructed for each case. Conclusions: fNIRS recordings, regardless of the experimental conditions, exhibit high fractality. Furthermore, VG-based metrics can be employed to differentiate rest and task-execution brain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Rutgers University, Integrated Systems and NeuroImaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
| | - Sasan Haghani
- University of The District of Columbia, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Washington DC, United States
| | - Laleh Najafizadeh
- Rutgers University, Integrated Systems and NeuroImaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States
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Li R, Zhao C, Wang C, Wang J, Zhang Y. Enhancing fNIRS Analysis Using EEG Rhythmic Signatures: An EEG-Informed fNIRS Analysis Study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:2789-2797. [PMID: 32031925 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2971679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling represents the relationship between changes in neuronal activity and cerebral hemodynamics. Concurrent Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recording and integration analysis has emerged as a promising multi-modal neuroimaging approach to study the neurovascular coupling as it provides complementary properties with regard to high temporal and moderate spatial resolution of brain activity. In this study we developed an EEG-informed-fNIRS analysis framework to investigate the neuro-correlate between neuronal activity and cerebral hemodynamics by identifying specific EEG rhythmic modulations which contribute to the improvement of the fNIRS-based general linear model (GLM) analysis. Specifically, frequency-specific regressors derived from EEG were used to construct design matrices to guide the GLM analysis of the fNIRS signals collected during a hand grasp task. Our results showed that the EEG-informed fNIRS GLM analysis, especially the alpha and beta band, revealed significantly higher sensitivity and specificity in localizing the task-evoked regions compared to the canonical boxcar model, demonstrating the strong correlations between hemodynamic response and EEG rhythmic modulations. Results also indicated that analysis based on the deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) signal slightly outperformed the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO)-based analysis. The findings in our study not only validate the feasibility of enhancing fNIRS GLM analysis using simultaneously recorded EEG signals, but also provide a new perspective to study the neurovascular coupling of brain activity.
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12
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Real-Time Reduction of Task-Related Scalp-Hemodynamics Artifact in Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Sliding-Window Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an effective non-invasive neuroimaging technique for measuring hemoglobin concentration in the cerebral cortex. Owing to the nature of fNIRS measurement principles, measured signals can be contaminated with task-related scalp blood flow (SBF), which is distributed over the whole head and masks true brain activity. Aiming for fNIRS-based real-time application, we proposed a real-time task-related SBF artifact reduction method. Using a principal component analysis, we estimated a global temporal pattern of SBF from few short-channels, then we applied a general linear model for removing it from long-channels that were possibly contaminated by SBF. Sliding-window analysis was applied for both signal steps for real-time processing. To assess the performance, a semi-real simulation was executed with measured short-channel signals in a motor-task experiment. Compared with conventional techniques with no elements of SBF, the proposed method showed significantly higher estimation performance for true brain activation under a task-related SBF artifact environment.
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Chiarelli AM, Zappasodi F, Di Pompeo F, Merla A. Simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography for monitoring of human brain activity and oxygenation: a review. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:041411. [PMID: 28840162 PMCID: PMC5566595 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.041411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal monitoring has become particularly common in the study of human brain function. In this context, combined, synchronous measurements of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG) are getting increased interest. Because of the absence of electro-optical interference, it is quite simple to integrate these two noninvasive recording procedures of brain activity. fNIRS and EEG are both scalp-located procedures. fNIRS estimates brain hemodynamic fluctuations relying on spectroscopic measurements, whereas EEG captures the macroscopic temporal dynamics of brain electrical activity through passive voltages evaluations. The "orthogonal" neurophysiological information provided by the two technologies and the increasing interest in the neurovascular coupling phenomenon further encourage their integration. This review provides, together with an introduction regarding the principles and future directions of the two technologies, an evaluation of major clinical and nonclinical applications of this flexible, low-cost combination of neuroimaging modalities. fNIRS-EEG systems exploit the ability of the two technologies to be conducted in an environment or experimental setting and/or on subjects that are generally not suited for other neuroimaging modalities, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and magnetoencephalography. fNIRS-EEG brain monitoring settles itself as a useful multimodal tool for brain electrical and hemodynamic activity investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Chiarelli
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Beckman Institute, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Filippo Zappasodi
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Chieti, Italy
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pompeo
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Chieti, Italy
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Merla
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Chieti, Italy
- Università G. d’Annunzio, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Chieti, Italy
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14
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Hong KS, Khan MJ. Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface Techniques for Improved Classification Accuracy and Increased Number of Commands: A Review. Front Neurorobot 2017; 11:35. [PMID: 28790910 PMCID: PMC5522881 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2017.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, non-invasive hybrid brain-computer interface (hBCI) technologies for improving classification accuracy and increasing the number of commands are reviewed. Hybridization combining more than two modalities is a new trend in brain imaging and prosthesis control. Electroencephalography (EEG), due to its easy use and fast temporal resolution, is most widely utilized in combination with other brain/non-brain signal acquisition modalities, for instance, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electromyography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and eye tracker. Three main purposes of hybridization are to increase the number of control commands, improve classification accuracy and reduce the signal detection time. Currently, such combinations of EEG + fNIRS and EEG + EOG are most commonly employed. Four principal components (i.e., hardware, paradigm, classifiers, and features) relevant to accuracy improvement are discussed. In the case of brain signals, motor imagination/movement tasks are combined with cognitive tasks to increase active brain-computer interface (BCI) accuracy. Active and reactive tasks sometimes are combined: motor imagination with steady-state evoked visual potentials (SSVEP) and motor imagination with P300. In the case of reactive tasks, SSVEP is most widely combined with P300 to increase the number of commands. Passive BCIs, however, are rare. After discussing the hardware and strategies involved in the development of hBCI, the second part examines the approaches used to increase the number of control commands and to enhance classification accuracy. The future prospects and the extension of hBCI in real-time applications for daily life scenarios are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Shik Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Jawad Khan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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Pichette J, Laurence A, Angulo L, Lesage F, Bouthillier A, Nguyen DK, Leblond F. Intraoperative video-rate hemodynamic response assessment in human cortex using snapshot hyperspectral optical imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:045003. [PMID: 27752519 PMCID: PMC5061108 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.4.045003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Using light, we are able to visualize the hemodynamic behavior of the brain to better understand neurovascular coupling and cerebral metabolism. In vivo optical imaging of tissue using endogenous chromophores necessitates spectroscopic detection to ensure molecular specificity as well as sufficiently high imaging speed and signal-to-noise ratio, to allow dynamic physiological changes to be captured, isolated, and used as surrogate of pathophysiological processes. An optical imaging system is introduced using a 16-bands on-chip hyperspectral camera. Using this system, we show that up to three dyes can be imaged and quantified in a tissue phantom at video-rate through the optics of a surgical microscope. In vivo human patient data are presented demonstrating brain hemodynamic response can be measured intraoperatively with molecular specificity at high speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pichette
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Audrey Laurence
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Leticia Angulo
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Frederic Lesage
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Electrical Engineering, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, 1560 Sherbrooke Street East, Montréal H2L4M1, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, Division of Neurology, 1560 Sherbrooke Street East, Montréal H2L4M1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Frederic Leblond
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C3A7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, 900 Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X0A9, Canada
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Peng K, Pouliot P, Lesage F, Nguyen DK. Multichannel continuous electroencephalography-functional near-infrared spectroscopy recording of focal seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges in human epilepsy: a review. NEUROPHOTONICS 2016; 3:031402. [PMID: 26958576 PMCID: PMC4750425 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.3.3.031402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a promising neuroimaging technique as it allows noninvasive and long-term monitoring of cortical hemodynamics. Recent work by our group and others has revealed the potential of fNIRS, combined with electroencephalography (EEG), in the context of human epilepsy. Hemodynamic brain responses attributed to epileptic events, such as seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), are routinely observed with a good degree of statistical significance and in concordance with clinical presentation. Recording done with over 100 channels allows sufficiently large coverage of the epileptic focus and other areas. Three types of seizures have been documented: frontal lobe seizures, temporal lobe seizures, and posterior seizures. Increased oxygenation was observed in the epileptic focus in most cases, while rapid but similar hemodynamic variations were identified in the contralateral homologous region. While investigating IEDs, it was shown that their hemodynamic effect is observable with fNIRS, that their response is associated with significant (inhibitive) nonlinearities, and that the sensitivity and specificity of fNIRS to localize the epileptic focus can be estimated in a sample of 40 patients. This paper first reviews recent EEG-fNIRS developments in epilepsy research and then describes applications to the study of focal seizures and IEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Département de génie électrique and Institut de génie biomédical, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C3A7, Canada
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Département de génie électrique and Institut de génie biomédical, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C3A7, Canada
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Centre de recherche, 5000 rue Bélanger est, Montréal, Quebec H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Département de génie électrique and Institut de génie biomédical, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C3A7, Canada
- Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Centre de recherche, 5000 rue Bélanger est, Montréal, Quebec H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Service de neurologie, 1560 rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, Quebec H2L4M1, Canada
- Address all correspondence to: Dang Khoa Nguyen, E-mail:
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17
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Using patient-specific hemodynamic response function in epileptic spike analysis of human epilepsy: a study based on EEG-fNIRS. Neuroimage 2015; 126:239-55. [PMID: 26619785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be combined with electroencephalography (EEG) to continuously monitor the hemodynamic signal evoked by epileptic events such as seizures or interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs, aka spikes). As estimation methods assuming a canonical shape of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) might not be optimal, we sought to model patient-specific HRF (sHRF) with a simple deconvolution approach for IED-related analysis with EEG-fNIRS data. Furthermore, a quadratic term was added to the model to account for the nonlinearity in the response when IEDs are frequent. Prior to analyzing clinical data, simulations were carried out to show that the HRF was estimable by the proposed deconvolution methods under proper conditions. EEG-fNIRS data of five patients with refractory focal epilepsy were selected due to the presence of frequent clear IEDs and their unambiguous focus localization. For each patient, both the linear sHRF and the nonlinear sHRF were estimated at each channel. Variability of the estimated sHRFs was seen across brain regions and different patients. Compared with the SPM8 canonical HRF (cHRF), including these sHRFs in the general linear model (GLM) analysis led to hemoglobin activations with higher statistical scores as well as larger spatial extents on all five patients. In particular, for patients with frequent IEDs, nonlinear sHRFs were seen to provide higher sensitivity in activation detection than linear sHRFs. These observations support using sHRFs in the analysis of IEDs with EEG-fNIRS data.
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18
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Nguyen DK, Rouleau I, Sénéchal G, Ansaldo AI, Gravel M, Benfenati F, Cossette P. X-linked focal epilepsy with reflex bathing seizures: Characterization of a distinct epileptic syndrome. Epilepsia 2015; 56:1098-108. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Division of Neurology; CHUM Notre-Dame; Hospital University of Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Division of Neurology; CHUM Notre-Dame; Hospital University of Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Psychology; University of Quebec in Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Geneviève Sénéchal
- Department of Psychology; University of Quebec in Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Ana Inés Ansaldo
- Montreal University Geriatric Institute Research Center; Université de Montréal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Micheline Gravel
- Division of Neurology; CHUM Notre-Dame; Hospital University of Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Department of Experimental Medicine; National Institute of Neuroscience; University of Genova; Genova Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurotechnologies; The Italian Institute of Technology; Genova Italy
| | - Patrick Cossette
- Division of Neurology; CHUM Notre-Dame; Hospital University of Montreal; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Neuromics; Université de Montréal; Montreal Quebec Canada
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Huang J, Wang F, Ding Y, Niu H, Tian F, Liu H, Song Y. Predicting N2pc from anticipatory HbO activity during sustained visuospatial attention: A concurrent fNIRS–ERP study. Neuroimage 2015; 113:225-34. [PMID: 25818691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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