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Jiao D, Xu L, Gu Z, Yan H, Shen D, Gu X. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:917-935. [PMID: 38989927 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a severe, relapsing, and multifactorial neurological disorder. Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy. The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression, protein expression, ion channel activity, energy metabolites, and gut microbiota composition. Satisfactory results are lacking for conventional treatments for epilepsy. Surgical resection of lesions, drug therapy, and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with epilepsy. Non-pharmacological treatments, such as a ketogenic diet, gene therapy for nerve regeneration, and neural regulation, are currently areas of research focus. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatments of epilepsy. It also elaborates on the theoretical basis, treatment modes, and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy, including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain electrical stimulation, repetitive nerve electrical stimulation, in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures. Additionally, many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being explored. However, current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients' clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level, which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jiao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lai Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingding Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Popova EY, Kawasawa YI, Leung M, Barnstable CJ. Temporal changes in mouse hippocampus transcriptome after pilocarpine-induced seizures. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1384805. [PMID: 39040630 PMCID: PMC11260795 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1384805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Status epilepticus (SE) is a seizure lasting more than 5 min that can have lethal consequences or lead to various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Using a pilocarpine-induced SE model in mice we investigated temporal changes in the hippocampal transcriptome. Methods We performed mRNA-seq and microRNA-seq analyses at various times after drug treatment. Results At 1 h after the start of seizures, hippocampal cells upregulated transcription of immediate early genes and genes involved in the IGF-1, ERK/MAPK and RNA-PolII/transcription pathways. At 8 h, we observed changes in the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, overall transcription downregulation, particularly for genes related to mitochondrial structure and function, initiation of a stress response through regulation of ribosome and translation/EIF2 signaling, and upregulation of an inflammatory response. During the middle of the latent period, 36 h, we identified upregulation of membrane components, cholesterol synthesis enzymes, channels, and extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as an increased inflammatory response. At the end of the latent period, 120 h, most changes in expression were in genes involved in ion transport, membrane channels, and synapses. Notably, we also elucidated the involvement of novel pathways, such as cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, iron/BMP/ferroptosis pathways, and circadian rhythms signaling in SE and epileptogenesis. Discussion These temporal changes in metabolic reactions indicate an immediate response to injury followed by recovery and regeneration. CREB was identified as the main upstream regulator. Overall, our data provide new insights into molecular functions and cellular processes involved at different stages of seizures and offer potential avenues for effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenya Y. Popova
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ming Leung
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Colin J. Barnstable
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Hershey, PA, United States
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3
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Jeelani M. miRNAs in epilepsy: A review from molecular signatures to therapeutic intervention. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130468. [PMID: 38417757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a medical disorder marked by sporadic seizures accompanied by alterations in consciousness. The molecular mechanisms responsible for epilepsy and the factors contributing to alterations in neuronal structure compromised apoptotic responses in neurons, and disturbances in regeneration pathways in glial cells remain unidentified. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA that consist of a single strand. They typically contain 21 to 23 nucleotides. miRNAs participate in the process of RNA silencing and the regulation of gene expression after transcription by selectively binding to mRNA molecules that possess complementary sequences. The disruption of miRNA regulation has been associated with the development of epilepsy, and manipulating a single miRNA can impact various cellular processes, hence serving as a potent intervention approach. Despite existing obstacles in the delivery and safety of miRNA-based treatments, researchers are actively investigating the potential of miRNAs to operate as regulators of brain activity and as targets for treating and preventing epilepsy. Hence, the utilization of miRNA-based therapeutic intervention shows potential for future epilepsy management. The objective of our present investigation was to ascertain the involvement of miRNAs in the causation and advancement of epilepsy. Moreover, they have undergone scrutiny for their potential utilization in therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jeelani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
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Chen Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Li Y. miR-146a/KLF4 axis in epileptic mice: a novel regulator of synaptic plasticity involving STAT3 signaling. Brain Res 2022; 1790:147988. [PMID: 35728661 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of miR-146a/KLF4 axis regarding epilepsy seizure and synaptic plasticity. METHODS Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindling mouse model of epilepsy was established and evaluated by Racine's scale. PTZ-treated mice were subjected to stereotactic injection of miR-146a antagomir and pre-KLF4 to verify the role of miR-146a and KLF4 in mice. Primary hippocampal neurons from fetal mouse were isolated and identified through immunofluorescence for microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-2. Cellular models of epilepsy were prepared using magnesium-free extracellular fluid and then the neurons were transfected with miR-146a antagomir, miR-146a agomir, miR-146a agomir + pre-KLF4, AG490 (an inhibitor of STAT3 signal pathway) or miR-146a agomir + AG490. The binding site between miR-146a and KLF4 was predicted and identified. The expression levels of miR-146a, KLF4, CREB, Synaptotagmin-11 (SYT11), and STAT3-related proteins were measured in addition to the morphology of neurons and length of neurite. The severity of synaptic plasticity was assessed according to the levels of CREB and SYT11. RESULTS The expression of miR-146a was elevated and KLF4 expression was decreased in epileptic mice. Stereotactic injection of miR-146a antagomir and pre-KLF4 reduced the seizure scores of epileptic mice. Transfection of miR-146a antagomir or pre-KLF4 could attenuate synaptic plasticity in epileptic mice and epileptic cellular models. miR-146a can negatively regulate KLF4 in epileptic cellular models to mediate synaptic plasticity. Epilepsy was attenuated in AG490 and miR-146a agomir + AG490 groups compared with that in Model group. CONCLUSION miR-146a inhibits KLF4 to activate STAT3, thus promoting synaptic plasticity in epileptic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, PR China
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You J, Huang H, Chan CTY, Li L. Pathological Targets for Treating Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Discoveries From Microscale to Macroscale. Front Neurol 2022; 12:779558. [PMID: 35069411 PMCID: PMC8777077 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.779558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common and severe types of epilepsy, characterized by intractable, recurrent, and pharmacoresistant seizures. Histopathology of TLE is mostly investigated through observing hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in adults, which provides a robust means to analyze the related histopathological lesions. However, most pathological processes underlying the formation of these lesions remain elusive, as they are difficult to detect and observe. In recent years, significant efforts have been put in elucidating the pathophysiological pathways contributing to TLE epileptogenesis. In this review, we aimed to address the new and unrecognized neuropathological discoveries within the last 5 years, focusing on gene expression (miRNA and DNA methylation), neuronal peptides (neuropeptide Y), cellular metabolism (mitochondria and ion transport), cellular structure (microtubule and extracellular matrix), and tissue-level abnormalities (enlarged amygdala). Herein, we describe a range of biochemical mechanisms and their implication for epileptogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss their potential role as a target for TLE prevention and treatment. This review article summarizes the latest neuropathological discoveries at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels involving both animal and patient studies, aiming to explore epileptogenesis and highlight new potential targets in the diagnosis and treatment of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas Women University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Clement T Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Yang P, Lin G, Wang M, Chen X, Huang J. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL interacts with microRNA-34a and microRNA-125a, and they all correlate with disease risk and severity of Parkinson's disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24037. [PMID: 34921567 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the correlation of long non-coding RNA antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (lncRNA ANRIL) and its target microRNAs (microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and microRNA-125a (miR-125a)) with disease risk and severity of Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Seventy-eight PD patients and 78 age-/gender-matched controls were consecutively enrolled. Their peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were collected and proposed for the reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction to complete lncRNA ANRIL, miR-34a, and miR-125a measurements. RESULTS LncRNA ANRIL was upregulated, while miR-34a and miR-125a were downregulated in PD patients compared to controls (all p < 0.001). Further, they all showed certain values for PD risk identification by ROC curve analyses, among which lncRNA ANRIL showed the highest AUC (AUC: 0.879, 95% CI: 0.824-0.934). Furthermore, lncRNA ANRIL negatively correlated with miR-34a (p = 0.016) and miR-125a (p = 0.005) in PD patients, but not in controls. In addition, lncRNA ANRIL was observed to positively associate with UPDRS-I score (p = 0.029), UPDRS-III score (p = 0.006), and UPDRS-IV score (p = 0.033), while negatively correlated with MMSE score (p = 0.003). These associations were less distinct as to miR-34a and miR-125a. CONCLUSION LncRNA ANRIL interacts with miR-34a and miR-125a in PD patients, and they all correlate with disease risk and severity of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Neurology Cadres Ward & Geriatrics Neurology Ward, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Guiqing Lin
- Neurology Cadres Ward & Geriatrics Neurology Ward, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Minli Wang
- Neurology Cadres Ward & Geriatrics Neurology Ward, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Laboratory Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Fu M, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Wu W, Sun Y, Zhang X, Tao J, Li Z. MicroRNA-221-3p Suppresses the Microglia Activation and Seizures by Inhibiting of HIF-1α in Valproic Acid-Resistant Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714556. [PMID: 34497517 PMCID: PMC8419275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
One-third of patients with epilepsy suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Valproic acid (VPA) is a classic anticonvulsant drug, and its resistance is a crucial predictor of DRE, but the pathogenesis remain unknown. Most patients with VPA-resistant epilepsy appear distinct inflammatory response and local hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is an essential effector molecule of hypoxia and inflammation, and may exert therefore a significant effect on the development of VPA-resistant epilepsy. We systematically assess the significance of HIF-1α on children and mice with VPA-resistant epilepsy, and investigated the micro (mi) RNAs that regulate HIF-1α expression. We established models of VPA-sensitive epilepsy and VPA-resistant epilepsy in mice, and confirmed that they had significant differences in epileptic behavior and electroencephalography data. Through proteomics analysis, we identified that HIF-1α was overexpressed in mice with VPA-resistant epilepsy, and regulated the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Increased expression of HIF-1α led to the increase of microglia and induced their polarization from the M2 phenotype to M1 phenotype, which triggered the release of proinflammatory mediators. Bioinformatics analysis of public databases demonstrated that miR-221-3p was reduced in VPA-resistant epilepsy, and negatively regulated HIF-1α expression. Intervention using miR-221-3p mimics reduced HIF-1α expression markedly and suppressed the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory mediators, which relieved epileptic seizures of VPA-resistant epilepsy. These observations reveal miR-221-3p/HIF-1α as essential component in pathogenesis of VPA-resistant epilepsy which represent therapeutic antiseizure targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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8
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Bohosova J, Vajcner J, Jabandziev P, Oslejskova H, Slaby O, Aulicka S. MicroRNAs in the development of resistance to antiseizure drugs and their potential as biomarkers in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2573-2588. [PMID: 34486106 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although many new antiseizure drugs have been developed in the past decade, approximately 30%-40% of patients remain pharmacoresistant. There are no clinical tools or guidelines for predicting therapeutic response in individual patients, leaving them no choice other than to try all antiseizure drugs available as they suffer debilitating seizures with no relief. The discovery of predictive biomarkers and early identification of pharmacoresistant patients is of the highest priority in this group. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short noncoding RNAs negatively regulating gene expression, have emerged in recent years in epilepsy, following a broader trend of their exploitation as biomarkers of various complex human diseases. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed database for original research articles focused on miRNA expression level profiling in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy or drug-resistant precilinical models and cell cultures. In this review, we summarize 17 publications concerning miRNAs as potential new biomarkers of resistance to antiseizure drugs and their potential role in the development of drug resistance or epilepsy. Although numerous knowledge gaps need to be filled and reviewed, and articles share some study design pitfalls, several miRNAs dysregulated in brain tissue and blood serum were identified independently by more than one paper. These results suggest a unique opportunity for disease monitoring and personalized therapeutic management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bohosova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Vajcner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brno Epilepsy Center, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jabandziev
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Oslejskova
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brno Epilepsy Center, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Aulicka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brno Epilepsy Center, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Overexpression of miR-1298 attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting PP2A. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 53:136-148. [PMID: 34351558 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that microRNA-1298 was abnormally expressed in the myocardium of rat hearts after hypoxia/normoxia injury. This study aims to investigate the function and specific mechanism of miR-1298 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were isolated from neonatal rat hearts and subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to induce I/R injury. The rat model with I/R injury was induced by ligating the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). MiR-1298 expression was detected by qRT-PCR. The levels of PP2A, Bcl-2, Bax, and AMPK signaling members (p-AMPK, p-GSK3β) was detected by Western blot. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining assay and flow cytometry. The infarct size of rat hearts was assessed by TTC staining assay. Premature and mature MiR-1298 were significantly downregulated while PP2A was significantly upregulated during I/R injury both in vitro and in vivo. The prediction of Starbase suggested that PP2A was a potential target of miR-1298. MiR-1298 overexpression significantly reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro, and its protective effect was obviously attenuated by PP2A overexpression. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-1298 targeted PP2A directly. In addition, miR-1298 overexpression significantly reduced infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the hearts of rats received with I/R injury in vivo. Moreover, miR-1298 overexpression significantly elevated the levels of Bcl-2 and AMPK signaling members (p-AMPK, p-GSK3β) while decreased Bax level, and these effects were partially reversed by PP2A overexpression. MiR-1298 participated in myocardial I/R injury by targeting the PP2A/AMPK/GSK3β signaling pathway, suggesting that miR-1298 might be a potential therapeutic target for myocardial I/R injury.
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Li R, Hu J, Cao S. The Clinical Significance of miR-135b-5p and Its Role in the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hippocampus Neurons in Children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Dev Neurosci 2021; 42:187-194. [PMID: 33596573 DOI: 10.1159/000512949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most familiar localized epilepsy in children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for the inhibition or promotion of numerous diseases. This study aimed to detect the expression of miR-135b-5p and primarily uncover its underlying function and mechanism in children with TLE. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of miR-135b-5p in children with TLE and in a rat model of epilepsy. MTT assay and flow cytometric apoptosis assay were conducted to evaluate the effects of miR-135b-5p on cell viability and apoptosis. Additionally, the dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the direct target of miR-135b-5p. Our data showed that the expression of miR-135b-5p was significantly decreased in children with TLE and in the epileptic rat neuron model. The dysregulation of miR-135b-5p could serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for children with TLE. The overexpression of miR-135b-5p moderated the adverse influence on cell viability and apoptosis induced by magnesium-free medium. SIRT1 was identified as a target gene of miR-135b-5p. These results proved that miR-135b-5p might serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker in children with TLE. Overexpression of miR-135b-5p alleviates the postepileptic influence on cell viability and apoptosis by targeting SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China,
| | - Jiahua Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Sue Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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11
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Vega-García A, Orozco-Suárez S, Villa A, Rocha L, Feria-Romero I, Alonso Vanegas MA, Guevara-Guzmán R. Cortical expression of IL1-β, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and 9, SEMA-3a, NT-3 and P-glycoprotein as biological markers of intrinsic severity in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147303. [PMID: 33516813 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most common epilepsy induced by previous cerebral injury, and one out of three mTLE patients develops drug resistance (DR). AIM To assess the expression of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, IL1-β, SEMA-3a, NT-3 and P-glycoprotein in the temporal cortex and their relationship with the progression of mTLE-DR clinical features in patients with mTLE-DR. METHOD Tissue samples from 17 patients were evaluated for protein expression by Western blot and the relationships of the evaluated proteins with the clinical features of the mTLE were assessed through hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS The mTLE-DR group showed significantly higher P-glycoprotein, Bcl-2 and Caspase-9 levels ***p < 0.0001, ****p < 0.0001 and ***p < 0.0002, respectively, than the autopsy control group. Four patient clusters were identified: Clusters 1 and 3 showed relationships among the age of mTLE onset, duration of mTLE-DR, average number of epileptic seizures per week, number of previous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and increased expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Neurotrophin-3 and Semaphorin-3a. Clusters 2 and 4 showed relationships among the mTLE onset age, current age, average number of epileptic seizures per week, number of previous AEDs and increased expression of IL1-β, Bcl-2, P-glycoprotein, Caspase-3 and NT-3. CONCLUSION The relationships among the clinical data the age of mTLE onset, DR duration, number of previous AEDs, and average number of seizures per week and the expression of proteins involved in neuronal death, neuroinflammation and aberrant connection formation, as which are biological markers in the cerebral temporal cortex, are important factors in the progression and severity of mTLE-DR and support the intrinsic severity hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vega-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - A Villa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - L Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - I Feria-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M A Alonso Vanegas
- Unidad de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Ciudad de México, Mexico; Centro Internacional de Cirugía de Epilepsia, HMG Hospital Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - R Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Prospects and Limitations Related to the Use of MicroRNA as a Biomarker of Epilepsy in Children: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010026. [PMID: 33406636 PMCID: PMC7824581 DOI: 10.3390/life11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in children. There is an unmet need for new objective methods that would facilitate and accelerate the diagnostic process, thus improving the prognosis. In many studies, the participation of microRNA in epileptogenesis has been confirmed. Therefore, it seems to be a promising candidate for this role. Scientists show the possibility of using microRNAs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic targets. Children with epilepsy would benefit particularly from the use of this innovative method. However, the number of studies related to this age group is very limited. This review is based on 10 studies in children and summarizes the information collected from studies on animal models and the adult population. A total of 136 manuscripts were included in the analysis. The aim of the review was to facilitate the design of studies in children and to draw attention to the challenges and traps related to the analysis of the results. Our review suggests a high potential for the use of microRNAs and the need for further research.
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Zhao Y, Lu C, Wang H, Lin Q, Cai L, Meng F, Tesfaye EB, Lai HC, Tzeng CM. Identification of hsa-miR-1275 as a Novel Biomarker Targeting MECP2 for Human Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:398-410. [PMID: 33251277 PMCID: PMC7677659 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy affects around 70 million people worldwide, with a 65% rate of unknown etiology. This rate is known as epilepsy of unknown etiology (EUE). Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is recognized to contribute to mental disorders, including epilepsy. However, miRNA dysregulation is poorly understood in EUE. Here, we conducted miRNA expression profiling of EUE by microarray technology and identified 57 pathogenic changed miRNAs with significance. The data and bioinformatic analysis results indicated that among these miRNAs, hsa-microRNA (miR)-1275 was highly associated with neurological disorders. Subsequently, new samples of serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for validation of hsa-miR-1275 expression by TaqMan assays. Results show that hsa-miR-1275 in serums of EUE were increased significantly, but in cerebrospinal fluid, the miRNA was decreased. Moreover, the MECP2 gene was selected as a hsa-miR-1275 target based on target prediction tools and gene ontology analysis. Validation of in vitro tests proved that MECP2 expression was specifically inhibited by hsa-miR-1275. Additionally, overexpression of hsa-miR-1275 can elevate expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and promote cell apoptosis. Taken together, hsa-miR-1275 might represent a novel biomarker targeting MECP2 for human EUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.,Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Congxia Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Fanrong Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Enque Biniam Tesfaye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361003, China
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14
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Sell SL, Widen SG, Prough DS, Hellmich HL. Principal component analysis of blood microRNA datasets facilitates diagnosis of diverse diseases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234185. [PMID: 32502186 PMCID: PMC7274418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early, ideally pre-symptomatic, recognition of common diseases (e.g., heart disease, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease) facilitates early treatment or lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise. Sensitive, specific identification of diseases using blood samples would facilitate early recognition. We explored the potential of disease identification in high dimensional blood microRNA (miRNA) datasets using a powerful data reduction method: principal component analysis (PCA). Using Qlucore Omics Explorer (QOE), a dynamic, interactive visualization-guided bioinformatics program with a built-in statistical platform, we analyzed publicly available blood miRNA datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) maintained at the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The miRNA expression profiles were generated from real time PCR arrays, microarrays or next generation sequencing of biologic materials (e.g., blood, serum or blood components such as platelets). PCA identified the top three principal components that distinguished cohorts of patients with specific diseases (e.g., heart disease, stroke, hypertension, sepsis, diabetes, specific types of cancer, HIV, hemophilia, subtypes of meningitis, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, mild cognitive impairment, aging, and autism), from healthy subjects. Literature searches verified the functional relevance of the discriminating miRNAs. Our goal is to assemble PCA and heatmap analyses of existing and future blood miRNA datasets into a clinical reference database to facilitate the diagnosis of diseases using routine blood draws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L. Sell
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donald S. Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helen L. Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Traynelis SF, Dlugos D, Henshall D, Mefford HC, Rogawski MA, Staley KJ, Dacks PA, Whittemore V, Poduri A. Epilepsy Benchmarks Area III: Improved Treatment Options for Controlling Seizures and Epilepsy-Related Conditions Without Side Effects. Epilepsy Curr 2020; 20:23S-30S. [PMID: 31965829 PMCID: PMC7031805 DOI: 10.1177/1535759719895279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The goals of Epilepsy Benchmark Area III involve identifying areas that are ripe for progress in terms of controlling seizures and patient symptoms in light of the most recent advances in both basic and clinical research. These goals were developed with an emphasis on potential new therapeutic strategies that will reduce seizure burden and improve quality of life for patients with epilepsy. In particular, we continue to support the proposition that a better understanding of how seizures are initiated, propagated, and terminated in different forms of epilepsy is central to enabling new approaches to treatment, including pharmacological as well as surgical and device-oriented approaches. The stubbornly high rate of treatment-resistant epilepsy—one-third of patients—emphasizes the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies, including pharmacological, procedural, device linked, and genetic. The development of new approaches can be advanced by better animal models of seizure initiation that represent salient features of human epilepsy, as well as humanized models such as induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids. The rapid advances in genetic understanding of a subset of epilepsies provide a path to new and direct patient-relevant cellular and animal models, which could catalyze conceptualization of new treatments that may be broadly applicable across multiple forms of epilepsies beyond those arising from variation in a single gene. Remarkable advances in machine learning algorithms and miniaturization of devices and increases in computational power together provide an enhanced opportunity to detect and mitigate seizures in real time via devices that interrupt electrical activity directly or administer effective pharmaceuticals. Each of these potential areas for advance will be discussed in turn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis Dlugos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael A Rogawski
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Staley
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vicky Whittemore
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna Poduri
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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