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Wang Y, Yan Q, Fan C, Mo Y, Wang Y, Li X, Liao Q, Guo C, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Huang H. Overview and countermeasures of cancer burden in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2515-2526. [PMID: 37071289 PMCID: PMC10111086 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. Treatment of cancer exhausts significant medical resources, and the morbidity and mortality caused by cancer is a huge social burden. Cancer has therefore become a serious economic and social problem shared globally. As an increasingly prevalent disease in China, cancer is a huge challenge for the country's healthcare system. Based on recent data published in the Journal of the National Cancer Center on cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2016, we analyzed the current trends in cancer incidence and changes in cancer mortality and survival rate in China. And also, we examined several key risk factors for cancer pathogenesis and discussed potential countermeasures for cancer prevention and treatment in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - He Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Ma JJ, Xiang C, Wang JW. TTK is a potential regulator of tumor progression correlated with dedifferentiation and immune cell infiltration in papillary thyroid cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10607-10626. [PMID: 37815894 PMCID: PMC10599754 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role and clinical significance of threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). METHODS TTK expression in PTC and normal groups were compared using TCGA data and in vitro experiments. The prognostic value of TTK and its possible role in PTC dedifferentiation was evaluated. Next, TTK involvement in PTC occurrence and progression was analyzed via in vitro experiments. Subsequently, analyses of enrichment and immune cell infiltration were conducted to reveal the possible mechanism. Finally, we predicted the target miRNAs followed by performing a luciferase reporter experiment. RESULTS TTK upregulation was observed in PTC, and its elevated level was significantly related to an unfavorable prognosis (P < 0.05). Interestingly, TTK negatively correlated with thyroid differentiation score (TDS), and patients with higher TDS showed longer survival (all P < 0.05). PTC cell growth, migration, and invasion were inhibited upon TTK knockdown. Besides, TTK was involved in metabolic processes and regulated cell adhesion molecules pathway. Its overexpression was positively associated with immune cell infiltrates (P < 0.05). Moreover, miR-582-5p was an upstream target of TTK. CONCLUSION TTK serves as a potential biomarker for tumorigenesis and prognosis in PTC, especially for those that may differentiate into more aggressive thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Ma
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Xiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- The Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
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Zhao L, Li H, He Y, Song Y, Kong Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Yan D, Liu S. The role of multifocality in predicting central lymph node metastasis in initially treated 18-55 years old female patients with unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1197232. [PMID: 37719015 PMCID: PMC10501559 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1197232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the predictive ability of multifocality for central lymph node metastasis in initially treated 18-55 years old female patients with unilateral papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Study design Retrospective review. Setting Tertiary medical center. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data from initially treated papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients at Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical and sciences between January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2018. Data from 975 initially treated 18-55 years old female patients with unilateral PTMC was collected. We also collected data from 340 initially treated 18-55 years old male patients with unilateral PTMC patients to compare the results between genders. Clinicopathological factors associated with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results (1) In the female group, there were 196 (20.1%) cases that had tumor multifocality, including 126 (12.9%) with 2 foci and 70 (7.2%) with >2 foci. The risk of CLNM in patients with 2 foci was not significantly higher than patients with 1 focus (37.3% vs 38.6%, P=0.775). However, diagnosed with >2 foci were independently and positively correlated with CLNM (OR=2.708, 95%CI=1.592-4.607, P<0.001), as was tumor diameter >0.55cm (OR=2.047, 95%CI=1.535-2.730, P<0.001). (2) In the male group, the risk of CLNM with 2 foci was significantly higher than 1 focus (P=0.008). Compared to female patients, the risk of CLNM was significantly higher in patients with 1 focus (P<0.001) or 2 foci (P<0.001). Conclusion In summary, the risk of CLNM in patients with 2 foci was not significantly higher than patients with 1 focus, while multifocality with over 2 foci was an independent risk factor of CLNM. Therefore, multifocality in this subgroup should not be simply defined as "more than 1 focus". Future models that include multifocality as a predictive factor for cervical lymph node metastasis could consider stratifying the cohort into smaller subgroups for more accurate conclusions.
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Yu H, Bao P, Qiao J, Pang Y, Zang J, Wu C, Wang C, Wu F. Adverse birth outcomes among offspring born to women diagnosed with cancer: a population-based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101036. [PMID: 37245606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing cancer incidence and survival rates, the prevalence of maternal cancer and its effect on adverse birth outcomes are important for prenatal care and oncology management. However, the effects of different types of cancer at different gestational stages have not been widely reported. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of pregnancy-associated cancers (during and 1 year after pregnancy) and evaluate the association between adverse birth outcomes and maternal cancers. METHODS Of 983,162 cases, a history of maternal cancer, including pregestational cancer, pregnancy-associated cancer, and subsequent cancer, was identified in 16,475 cases using a health information network. The incidence and 95% confidence interval of pregnancy-associated cancer were calculated with the Poisson distribution. The adjusted risk ratio with 95% confidence interval of the association between adverse birth outcomes and maternal cancer were estimated using the multilevel log-binomial model. RESULTS A total of 38,295 offspring were born to mothers with a cancer history. Of these, 2583 (6.75%) were exposed to pregnancy-associated cancer, 30,706 (80.18%) had a subsequent cancer diagnosis, and 5006 (13.07%) were exposed to pregestational cancer. The incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer was 2.63 per 1000 pregnancies (95% confidence interval, 2.53‰-2.73‰), with cancer of the thyroid (1.15‰), breast (0.25‰), and female reproductive organs (0.23‰) being the most common cancer types. The increased risks of preterm birth and low birthweight were significantly associated with cancer diagnosed during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, whereas increased risks of birth defects (adjusted risk ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.04) were associated with cancer diagnosed in the first trimester. Increased risks of preterm birth (adjusted risk ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.32), low birthweight (adjusted risk ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.44), and birth defects (adjusted risk ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.35) were observed in thyroid cancer survivors. CONCLUSION Careful monitoring of fetal growth should be implemented for women diagnosed with cancer in the second and third trimester to ensure timely delivery and balance the benefits of neonatal health and cancer treatment. The higher incidence of thyroid cancer and increased risk of adverse birth outcomes among thyroid cancer survivors suggested that the regular thyroid function monitoring and regulation of thyroid hormone levels are important in maintaining pregnancy and promoting fetal development among thyroid cancer survivors before and during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu and Dr Wu); Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu, Dr Bao, Dr Qiao, Dr Pang Dr Zang, and Dr Wang); Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu)
| | - Pingping Bao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu, Dr Bao, Dr Qiao, Dr Pang Dr Zang, and Dr Wang)
| | - Jiaying Qiao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu, Dr Bao, Dr Qiao, Dr Pang Dr Zang, and Dr Wang)
| | - Yi Pang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu, Dr Bao, Dr Qiao, Dr Pang Dr Zang, and Dr Wang)
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu, Dr Bao, Dr Qiao, Dr Pang Dr Zang, and Dr Wang)
| | - Cheng Wu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, National Office for Primary Diabetes Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Bao)
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu, Dr Bao, Dr Qiao, Dr Pang Dr Zang, and Dr Wang)
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Yu and Dr Wu); Department of Military Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (Dr Wu).
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Wu NX, Deng LJ, Xiong F, Xie JY, Li XJ, Zeng Q, Sun JC, Chen D, Yang P. Risk of thyroid cancer and benign nodules associated with exposure to parabens among Chinese adults in Wuhan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70125-70134. [PMID: 35581467 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as preservatives, which have been found to affect thyroid function in toxicological studies. However, population studies on whether they are associated with thyroid tumors remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between environmental paraben exposure and thyroid cancer and benign nodules. We recruited participants from the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery at Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, China. The detectable percentages of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, and propyl paraben in the urinary samples of 425 study subjects were 99.1%, 95.3%, and 92.0%, respectively. All uncorrected and creatinine-corrected parabens were moderately correlated with one another. After adjusting for possible confounders, all three parabens were associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Furthermore, the mixture pollutant analysis of parabens found positive associations with risk of thyroid cancer (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.31) and benign nodules (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.80). We observed that individual exposure to paraben mixtures may be associated with the risk of thyroid cancer and benign nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Xin Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lang-Jing Deng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Ying Xie
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Chen Sun
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Wang X, Zeng H, Li L, Fang Z, Xu L, Shi W, Li J, Qian J, Tan X, Li J, Qian Y, Xie L. Personalized nutrition intervention improves nutritional status and quality of life of colorectal cancer survivors in the community: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang H, Zheng X, Liu J, Gao M, Qian B. Development of an Active Surveillance or Surgery Model to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis in cN0 Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:896121. [PMID: 35937812 PMCID: PMC9353015 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.896121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Involvement of multiple lymph node (LN) metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) may indicate a progressive disease. To assist treatment decision, we conducted a clinical study to develop and validate a prediction model for the preoperative evaluation of LN metastasis involving more than five lymph nodes in patients with clinical N0 (cN0) PTMC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using data from 6,337 patients with cN0 PTMCs at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from 2013 to 2017, we identified and integrated risk factors for the prediction of multiple LN metastasis to build a nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were evaluated by the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. The model was validated using bootstrap resampling of the training cohort and an independent temporal validation cohort at the same institution. RESULTS In the training cohort (n = 3,209 patients), six independent risk factors were identified and included the prediction model (PTMC Active Surveillance or Surgery (ASOS) Model), including age, gender, multifocality, tumor size, calcification, and aspect ratio. The PTMC ASOS model was validated both internally and through the temporal validation cohort (n = 3,128 patients) from the same institute. The C-indexes of the prediction model in the training cohort were 0.768 (95% CI, 0.698-0.838), 0.768 and 0.771 in the internal validation and external validation cohorts, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.7068 and 0.6799. The calibration curve for probability of large-LN metastasis showed good agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation. DCA curves were used for comparison with another model, and IDI and NRI were also calculated. The cutoff value of our model was obtained by the ROC curve. Based on this model and cut point, a web-based dynamic nomogram was developed (https://tjmuch-thyroid.shinyapps.io/PTMCASOSM/). CONCLUSION We established a novel nomogram that can help to distinguish preoperatively cN0 PTMC patients with or without metastasis of multiple lymph nodes. This clinical prediction model may be used in decision making for both active surveillance and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Biyun Qian, ; Ming Gao,
| | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Promotion and Development Center, Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Biyun Qian, ; Ming Gao,
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Cheng F, Xiao J, Shao C, Huang F, Wang L, Ju Y, Jia H. Burden of Thyroid Cancer From 1990 to 2019 and Projections of Incidence and Mortality Until 2039 in China: Findings From Global Burden of Disease Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:738213. [PMID: 34690931 PMCID: PMC8527095 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.738213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Projecting the burden of thyroid cancer (TC) over time provides essential information to effectively plan measures for its management and prevention. This research obtained data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study from between 1990 and 2019 to model how TC will affect China until 2039 by conducting the Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis. The number of new TC cases in China was 10,030 in 1990, 39,080 in 2019, and is projected to be 47,820 in 2039. This corresponds to 3,320, 7,240, and 4,160 deaths, respectively. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) cases increased from 103,490 in 1990 to 187,320 in 2019. The age-standardized rate (ASR) of incidence increased from 1.01 to 2.05 during 1990-2019 and was projected to increase to 3.37 per 100,000 person-years until 2039. The ASR of mortality (ASMR) remained stable during the study period and was projected to have a mild decline from 0.39 to 0.29/100,000 during 2020-2039. Although the ASMR in male patients has maintained increasing at a rate of 2.2% per year over the past 30 years, it is expected to decline at a rate of 1.07% per year in 2019-2039. The most significant increase in crude incidence occurred in people aged 45-65 from 1990 to 2019, however, this will shift into young people aged 10-24 from 2020 to 2039. In addition, the proportion of deaths and DALYs caused by obesity increased from 1990 to 2019 and affected men more than women. In conclusion, a substantial increase in counts of incidence of TC in China is projected over the next two decades, combined with the slightly declining mortality, indicating that rational health policies are needed in the future to cope with the increasing number of TC patients, especially among males and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunchun Shao
- Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanli Ju
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongying Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Jia,
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