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Marini HR, Bellone F, Catalano A, Squadrito G, Micali A, Puzzolo D, Freni J, Pallio G, Minutoli L. Nutraceuticals as Alternative Approach against Cadmium-Induced Kidney Damage: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:722. [PMID: 37367879 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) represents a public health risk due to its non-biodegradability and long biological half-life. The main target of Cd is the kidney, where it accumulates. In the present narrative review, we assessed experimental and clinical data dealing with the mechanisms of kidney morphological and functional damage caused by Cd and the state of the art about possible therapeutic managements. Intriguingly, skeleton fragility related to Cd exposure has been demonstrated to be induced both by a direct Cd toxic effect on bone mineralization and by renal failure. Our team and other research groups studied the possible pathophysiological molecular pathways induced by Cd, such as lipid peroxidation, inflammation, programmed cell death, and hormonal kidney discrepancy, that, through further molecular crosstalk, trigger serious glomerular and tubular injury, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, CKD is associated with the presence of dysbiosis, and the results of recent studies have confirmed the altered composition and functions of the gut microbial communities in CKD. Therefore, as recent knowledge demonstrates a strong connection between diet, food components, and CKD management, and also taking into account that gut microbiota are very sensitive to these biological factors and environmental pollutants, nutraceuticals, mainly present in foods typical of the Mediterranean diet, can be considered a safe therapeutic strategy in Cd-induced kidney damage and, accordingly, could help in the prevention and treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Ryan Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Bellone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - José Freni
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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2
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Cytoprotective remedies for ameliorating nephrotoxicity induced by renal oxidative stress. Life Sci 2023; 318:121466. [PMID: 36773693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nephrotoxicity is the hallmark of anti-neoplastic drug metabolism that causes oxidative stress. External chemical agents and prescription drugs release copious amounts of free radicals originating from molecular oxidation and unless sustainably scavenged, they stimulate membrane lipid peroxidation and disruption of the host antioxidant mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive collection of potential cytoprotective remedies in surmounting the most difficult aspect of cancer therapy as well as preventing renal oxidative stress by other means. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over 400 published research and review articles spanning several decades were scrutinised to obtain the relevant data which is presented in 3 categories; sources, mechanisms, and mitigation of renal oxidative stress. KEY-FINDINGS Drug and chemical-induced nephrotoxicity commonly manifests as chronic or acute kidney disease, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. Renal replacement therapy requirements and mortalities from end-stage renal disease are set to rapidly increase in the next decade for which 43 different cytoprotective compounds which have the capability to suppress experimental nephrotoxicity are described. SIGNIFICANCE The renal system performs essential homeostatic functions that play a significant role in eliminating toxicants, and its accumulation and recurrence in nephric tissues results in tubular degeneration and subsequent renal impairment. Global statistics of the latest chronic kidney disease prevalence is 13.4 % while the end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy is 4-7 million per annum. The remedial compounds discussed herein had proven efficacy against nephrotoxicity manifested consequent to impaired antioxidant mechanisms in preclinical models produced by renal oxidative stress activators.
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Famurewa AC, Renu K, Eladl MA, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, El-Sherbiny M, Elsherbini DMA, Vellingiri B, Madhyastha H, Ramesh Wanjari U, Goutam Mukherjee A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Hesperidin and hesperetin against heavy metal toxicity: Insight on the molecular mechanism of mitigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Verma S, Batoye S, Jindal R. Protective efficacy of naringenin against cadmium-induced redox imbalance in Labeo rohita: an integrated biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25591-25604. [PMID: 34846652 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The protective efficacy of dietary naringenin (NG) has been investigated against the toxicity caused by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) using biomarkers of oxidative stress in the liver, gills and kidney of Labeo rohita. The fish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CdCl2 (0.37 and 0.62 mg/L) and simultaneously orally administered with NG (50 mg/kg bw/day) for 60 days. Tissue (gills, liver and kidney) samples were collected on days 15, 30 and 60 of the experiment and analysed for endogenous antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers. CdCl2 exposure for 15 and 30 days induced the development of adaptive mechanism as demonstrated by the enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase in all three tissues. However, on the 60th day, CdCl2-induced oxidative damage was stipulated by a decline in the enzyme activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content significantly (p < 0.05) below control levels along with enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation. Oral administration of NG in toxicant exposed fish significantly restored the altered levels of antioxidants, oxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Besides, integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis was applied by combining all the biomarkers to indicate the overall stress response index. IBR analysis confirmed the altered levels of biomarkers, the oxidative stress induced by CdCl2 exposure and the ameliorative potential of NG. The present study suggested that NG might have protective role against Cd-induced oxidative insult which might be ascribed to the ability of NG to chelate metals and scavenge free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Verma
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Department of Zoology, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, 144008, Punjab, India
| | - Smriti Batoye
- Department of Zoology, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Alshehri AS, El-Kott AF, El-Gerbed MSA, El-Kenawy AE, Albadrani GM, Khalifa HS. Kaempferol prevents cadmium chloride-induced liver damage by upregulating Nrf2 and suppressing NF-κB and keap1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13917-13929. [PMID: 34599712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of kaempferol, a natural flavonoid, against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced liver damage and examined the possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of protection. Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups (each of 8 rats) as control, kaempferol (50 mg/kg/day orally), CdCl2 (15 ppm/day), and CdCl2 (15 ppm/day) + kaempferol (50 mg/kg/day). All treatments were given for 30 days. With no effect on attenuating the reduced food intake, kaempferol significantly increased body weight and lowered serum levels of liver injury markers including bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (γ-GTT1) in the CdCl2-treated rats. It also restored normal liver architectures, prevented hepatocyte, loss, and swelling and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. These effects were associated with a reduction in mitochondrial permeability transition pore, as well as in the expression of cytochrome-c and cleaved caspase-3, markers of mitochondrial damage, and intrinsic cell death. In both the control positive and CdCl2-treated rats, kaempferol significantly lowered the hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukine-6 (IL-6), and the nuclear activity and localization of NF-κB p65. Besides, kaempferol significantly increased the hepatic total and nuclear levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1, as well as levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) but reduced the cytoplasmic protein levels of keap1. In conclusion, the protective effect of kaempferol against CdCl2-induced hepatic damage is mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects driven by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 axis and suppressing the NF-κB p65 and keap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S A El-Gerbed
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Kenawy
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S Khalifa
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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Nabil-Adam A, Shreadah MA. Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Lung and Liver Protective Activity of Galaxaura oblongata as Antagonistic Efficacy against LPS using Hematological Parameters and Immunohistochemistry as Biomarkers. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:148-165. [PMID: 33438570 DOI: 10.2174/1871525719666210112154800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the potential bioactivity and the ameliorative role of Galaxaura oblongata (G. oblongata) against LPS-induced toxicity by using hematological parameters. OBJECTIVE It is aimed also to examine its protective effect using the immunohistochemistry of liver and lungs as biomarkers in male BALB/C albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study carried out using different in-vitro and in-vivo assays such as phytochemical, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory for in-vitro where the hematological and immunohistochemistry for lung and liver were investigated in vivo. RESULTS There are no previous studies were performed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro effects of the G. oblongata extracts as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory due to their rareness compared to other red algae. LPS treated mice revealed a significant decrease in total number of WBCs, RBCs, platelets, and HGB%, MPV, MCV and MCHC compared to the control group. On contrast, the HCT and MCHC were increased in the induction group which was treated with LPS compared to the control group. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry results of the present study revealed the protective effect of G. oblongata compared to the induction group. G. oblongata can be used as protective marine natural products against the toxicity induced by LPS. CONCLUSION It exhibited a significant ameliorative role against the alterations in the hematological parameters and immunohistochemistry of liver and lungs, and helps to reduce as well as coordinate the acute inflammations caused by TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Nabil-Adam
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Lab (MBNP), National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria. Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shreadah
- Marine Biotechnology and Natural Products Lab (MBNP), National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria. Egypt
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Ngowi EE, Sarfraz M, Afzal A, Khan NH, Khattak S, Zhang X, Li T, Duan SF, Ji XY, Wu DD. Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide Donors in Common Kidney Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:564281. [PMID: 33364941 PMCID: PMC7751760 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.564281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a key role in the regulation of physiological processes in mammals. The decline in H2S level has been reported in numerous renal disorders. In animal models of renal disorders, treatment with H2S donors could restore H2S levels and improve renal functions. H2S donors suppress renal dysfunction by regulating autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation through multiple signaling pathways, such as TRL4/NLRP3, AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the effects of H2S donors on the treatment of common renal diseases, including acute/chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, unilateral ureteral obstruction, glomerulosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, hyperhomocysteinemia, drug-induced nephrotoxicity, metal-induced nephrotoxicity, and urolithiasis. Novel H2S donors can be designed and applied in the treatment of common renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Attia Afzal
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Diseases and Bio-Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Wang J, Zhu H, Lin S, Wang K, Wang H, Liu Z. Protective effect of naringenin against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in male SD rats. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 214:111310. [PMID: 33221601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of naringenin (Nar) on cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular toxicity. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 5 weeks were used. Rats were administered with 0.9% NaCl (control group), CdCl2 (2 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally), Nar (50 mg/kg b.w, orally), and CdCl2 + Nar (2 mg/kg b.w intraperitoneally and 50 mg/kg b.w. orally, respectively) for 4 weeks. Results showed that body weight, relative testis weights, and sperm quality decreased in the Cd-treated group, and Cd accumulated in serum and testes. Pathological examination showed that Cd can cause testicular damage. Cd decreased the serum concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone. It also decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, exposure to Cd resulted in decreased content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) concentrations, as well as increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Cd also provoked testis autophagy by upregulating the expression of the autophagy-related proteins P62 and LC3 II. However, the combined administration of Nar and Cd significantly attenuated the Cd-induced negative effects by increasing the body weight, relative testis weights, and sperm quality and by decreasing testicular damage. Simultaneous supplementation of Nar and Cd markedly restored the decreased levels of GnRH, FSH, LH, testosterone, GSH, and T-AOC and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx caused by Cd treatment. Nar further suppressed MDA and H2O2 production and protected the testes from Cd-induced autophagy by downregulating P62 and LC3 II expression. Therefore, Nar protected the testes from Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China.
| | - Huali Zhu
- Law hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China
| | - Shu Lin
- Law hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023 Luoyang, PR China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12, East Wenhui Road, 225009 Yangzhou, PR China
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Oyeyemi AO, Oseni OA, Babatunde AO, Molehin OR. Modulatory effect of Polyalthia longifolia leaves against cadmium-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0038/jcim-2019-0038.xml. [PMID: 32436857 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Cadmium serves as a major pollutant in the environment and it has been documented for its widespread harmful effects. This study sought to investigate the prophylactic and the curative effects of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Polyalthia longifolia against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods Animals in group I served as the normal control and administered distilled water only for 14 days, group II was administered cadmium (4 mg/kg/body weight) for 7 days, groups III and IV rats served as the prophylactic group and were pre-treated with P. longifolia aqueous and methanolic leaf extract for 7 days and then exposed to cadmium for another 7 days, serving as pre-treatment group, groups V, VI, VII, and VIII served as curative groups and were first exposed to cadmium for 7 days and then post-treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract and 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract P. longifolia for another 7 days. Results Pre- and post-treatment with both extracts of P. longifolia revealed a significant hepatoprotective ability by decreasing the alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase enzymatic activities were elevated due to cadmium intoxication. Pre- and post-treatment with aqueous and methanolic extract of P. longifolia extract significantly decreased hepatic malondialdehyde levels, together with an improvement in the antioxidant status of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and reduced glutathione of rats exposed to cadmium. Histopathology examinations also confirm the above biochemical findings. Conclusion The findings from this work suggested that P. longifolia may be beneficial in ameliorating the cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibade O Oyeyemi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State University, P.M.B.5363 Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde A Oseni
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ado-Ekiti, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363 Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adebimpe O Babatunde
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State University, P.M.B.5363 Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olorunfemi R Molehin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State University, P.M.B.5363 Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Taşdemir M, Çelikezen FÇ, Oto G, Özbey F. The effects of pretreatment with lithium metaborate dihydrate on lipid peroxidation and Ca, Fe, Mg, and K levels in serum of Wistar albino male rats exposed to Cd. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7702-7711. [PMID: 31889282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Boron and boron compounds have beneficial biological effects. Lithium metaborate dihydrate (LMBDH) is used in many branches of industry. Despite its wide industrial use, there is limited information about its biological effects on antioxidant defense system and trace element homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo protective effects of LMBDH against CdCl2-induced oxidative stress and imbalance of some bioelements for the first time. In the study, totally 20 Wistar albino male rats were used. The rats were fed with pellet food and water ad libitum and divided into four groups including five rats in each. Group I was control group (standard pellet food + water + normal saline), Group II was CdCl2 (4.58 mg/kg/body weight/intraperitoneally/single dose), Group III was LMBDH (15 mg/kg/body weight/day orally, for 5 days), Group IV was CdCl2 (4.58 mg/kg/body weight/intraperitoneally/single dose in fifth day), and LMBDH (15 mg/kg/body weight/day orally for 5 days). The results showed that CdCl2 treatment increased blood MDA level and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and the level of blood GSH compared to control group. Pretreatment with LMBDH significantly decreased MDA levels and increased SOD activity (p < 0.05). In addition, Ca, Fe, and K levels decreased in LMBDH pretreatment group in different statistically levels. However, Mg levels showed an increase in LMBDH pretreatment group. As a result, LMBDH pretreatment decreased MDA status and supported antioxidant system by increasing SOD activity. In addition, it did not exhibit an ameliorative effect on measured bioelement homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Taşdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Bitlis Eren University, Faculty of Science, Bitlis, Turkey
| | | | - Gökhan Oto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Fahrettin Özbey
- Department of Statistics, Bitlis Eren University, Faculty of Science, Bitlis, Turkey
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11
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Ke Y, Yu K, Zeng W, Lian G. Protective roles of Pyracantha fortuneana extract on acute renal toxicity induced by cadmium chloride in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900706. [PMID: 31531540 PMCID: PMC6746561 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190070000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the protective roles of pyracantha fortune fruit extract (PFE) on acute renal toxicity induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in rats. Methods: Rats were pretreated with PFE and consecutively injected with CdCl2 (6.5 mg/kg) for 5 days. Results: The concentration of Cd, kidney weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) production were remarkably increased in CdCl2 group as well as the levels of plasma uric acid, urea, and creatinine (P < 0.001). However, the body weight and glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione peroxidase (GR) levels were markedly reduced by CdCl2 treatment (P < 0.001). Histological manifestations of renal tissue showed severely adverse changes. Moreover, CdCl2 treatment significantly decreased the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression while increased the Bcl-2-Associated X Protein (Bax), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression (P < 0.001). Additionally, the expression of Nrf2/Keap 1 related proteins Keap-1 gained a significant increase (P < 0.001), whereas the Nrf2, HO-1, γ-GCS, GSH-Px and NQO1 expression decreased by CdCl2 treatment (P < 0.05). These rats were pretreated with PFE to improve the changes caused by CdCl2 treatment. Conclusion: PFE could protect the kidney against acute renal toxicity induced by CdCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Ke
- Graduate student, Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Kaihang Yu
- Graduate student, Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
| | - Weiliang Zeng
- Graduate student, Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Statistical analysis, interpretation of data
| | - Guojun Lian
- Associate Professor, Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation and writing, final approval
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12
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Atere TG, Akinloye OA. High dose of standardised extract ofCostus aferleaves potentiates cadmium reproductive toxicity in Wistar rats. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13360. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tope Gafar Atere
- Department of Biochemistry College of Health Sciences, Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria
| | - Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria
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Ağır MS, Eraslan G. The effect of diosmin against liver damage caused by cadmium in rats. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12966. [PMID: 31489662 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 40, male Wistar Albino, 2-3-months-old rats were used and divided into four groups. Control group received the vehicle alone, diosmin group received 100 mg/kg.bw diosmin, the cadmium group received 200 ppm cadmium, cadmium plus diosmin group received 200 ppm cadmium, and 100 mg/kg.bw diosmin for 30 days. Some biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA], nitric oxide [NO], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], gluthatione peroxidase [GSH-Px], and glutathione [GSH]) were analyzed in the samples. Histo-pathological findings were evaluated in the liver. The body weights and liver weights of the animals were measured. The MDA and NO levels and biochemical enzyme activities examined were increased, whereas SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities and GSH levels decreased in cadmium-exposed group. There were also negative changes in body weight, liver weight, and liver tissue histo-phathology. Positive improvements were observed in all these parameters evaluated of the group co-administered cadmium and diosmin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Cadmium is one of the common environmental pollutants. Diosmin is a type of flavonoid found mainly in citrus fruits. It can also be produced from hesperidine. This compound is used for medical purposes and also has strong antioxidant properties. One of the toxic effects mechanisms of cadmium is oxidative stress and causes liver damage with different pathways. This compound can be used as a supporting agent in addition to the main treatment options against liver damage in case of exposure to possible cadmium. This flavonoid can also be taken with food for prophylactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Selim Ağır
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Elkhadragy MF, Al-Olayan EM, Al-Amiery AA, Abdel Moneim AE. Protective Effects of Fragaria ananassa Extract Against Cadmium Chloride-Induced Acute Renal Toxicity in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:378-387. [PMID: 28567583 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For experiments of cadmium toxicity in animal models, cadmium (II) chloride is often used due to its solubility in water and its ability to produce high concentrations of cadmium at the target site. The present study was designed to investigate the potential inhibitory effect of the Fragaria ananassa fruit extract on cadmium (II) chloride-induced renal toxicity in rats. Tested animals were pretreated with the extract of F. ananassa and injected with cadmium (II) chloride (6.5-mg/kg body weight) for 5 days. Cadmium (II) chloride significantly increased kidney cadmium concentration, kidney weight, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide production. Plasma uric acid, urea, and creatinine levels also increased significantly, indicative of kidney dysfunction. These effects were accompanied by significantly decreased levels of nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant molecules (i.e., glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). Moreover, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and the antioxidant proteins, superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione reductase, were downregulated markedly, whereas mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α was upregulated significantly in kidney tissues of cadmium-treated rats. Histology of kidney tissue demonstrated severe, adverse changes that reflected cadmium-induced tissue damage. Pretreatment of rats with the extract of F. ananassa ameliorated all aforementioned cadmium (II) chloride-induced changes. In conclusion, the present study showed acute renal toxicity in rats treated with cadmium (II) chloride. The study also revealed that pretreatment with the extract of F. ananassa could protect the kidney against cadmium (II) chloride-induced acute renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal F Elkhadragy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam M Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Amiery
- Environmental Research Center, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
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15
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Solid lipid nanoparticles improve octyl gallate antimetastatic activity and ameliorate its renal and hepatic toxic effects. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:977-988. [PMID: 28746057 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death and requires the development of effective treatments with reduced toxicity and effective anticancer activity. Gallic acid derivatives have shown significant biological properties including antitumoral activity as shown in a previous study with octyl gallate (G8) in vitro. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antimetastatic effect of free and solid lipid nanoparticle-loaded G8 in mice in a lung metastasis model. Animals inoculated with melanoma cells presented metastasis in lungs, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with G8 and solid lipid nanoparticle-loaded G8, named G8-NVM. However, G8-treated mice showed an increase in several toxicological parameters, which were almost completely circumvented by G8-NVM treatment. This study supports the need for pharmacological studies on new potential medicinal plants to treat cancer and can provide new perspectives on using nanotechnology to improve biological activities while decreasing the chemotherapy toxicological effects of anticancer drugs.
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Protective Role of Tetrahydrocurcumin: an Active Polyphenolic Curcuminoid on Cadmium-InducedOxidative Damage in Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:51-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Elkhadragy MF, Abdel Moneim AE. Protective effect of Fragaria ananassa methanolic extract on cadmium chloride (CdCl 2)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:335-345. [PMID: 28110594 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1285973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of Fragaria ananassa methanolic extract on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. CdCl2 was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 6.5 mg/kg of body weight for 5 d with or without methanol extract of Fragaria ananassa (250 mg/kg). The hepatic cadmium concentration, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, glutathione (GSH) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), GSH peroxidase, and GSH reductase, were estimated. CdCl2 injection induced a significant elevation in cadmium concentration, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide and caused a significant depletion in GSH content compared to controls, along with a remarkable decrease in antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress induction and cadmium accumulation in the liver were successfully ameliorated by F. ananassa (strawberry) pre-administration. In addition, the pre-administration of strawberry decreased the elevated gene expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene as well as the protein expression of caspases-3 in the liver of CdCl2-injected rats. In addition, the reduced gene expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 was increased. Our results show an increase in the expression of tumor necrosis factor α in the liver of rats treated with cadmium. In sum, our results suggested that F. ananassa successfully prevented deleterious effects on liver function by reinforcing the antioxidant defense system, inhibiting oxidative stress and reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal F Elkhadragy
- a Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- b Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
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Ezedom T, Asagba SO. Effect of a controlled food-chain mediated exposure to cadmium and arsenic on oxidative enzymes in the tissues of rats. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:708-715. [PMID: 28959596 PMCID: PMC5615934 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the effect of cadmium and arsenic through a controlled food chain on the activities of some oxidative enzymes (Sulphite oxidase SO, Aldehyde oxidase AO, Monoamine oxidase MO and Xanthine oxidase, XO) in the liver, kidney, testes, heart and brain of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fish (the first trophic level) were exposed to both metals (singly and in mixture) using cadmium chloride (CdCl2) as the source of cadmium and arsenic trioxide (AS2O3) as the source of arsenic at a concentration of 0.4 mg of metals/100 ml of water for 1 month and then sacrificed. The contaminated fish were then used as a source of protein in compounding the experimental diet to which the rats (the second trophic level) were exposed to for a period of 1 and 3 months. The Cd- and As-load in the feed and tissues of rats as well as the activities of the oxidative enzymes were subsequently analyzed in the various tissues after both period of exposure. RESULTS Metal analysis on the tissues of rats showed that the metals accumulated more in the liver than in other organs after the 1 month exposure but accumulated more in the kidney after the 3 months exposure. The activities of the oxidative enzymes in the liver were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in all test groups after the 1 and 3 months exposure. However, after the 1 month exposure, the kidney, testes and heart showed an initial increase in the activities of these enzymes which were decreased after the 3 months exposure. In the brain, the activities of these enzymes were increased in both duration of study. CONCLUSION From the results obtained in the current study, it could be concluded that exposure to cadmium and arsenic through the food chain leads to accumulation of these metals in the tissues of experimental rats leading to the inhibition of oxidative enzymes, thus affecting several normal metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ezedom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O. Asagba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
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Silva AH, Locatelli C, Filho UP, Gomes BF, de Carvalho Júnior RM, de Gois JS, Borges DL, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Visceral fat increase and signals of inflammation in adipose tissue after administration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:147-158. [PMID: 26655915 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715613224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NP) are present in several daily use products, and the risks associated with their bioaccumulation must be stablished. Thus, an evaluation of several toxicological-related effects was conducted after intraperitoneal injection of TiO2 NPs in mice. Mice were divided into two groups, which received 2 mg kg-1 day-1 of TiO2 NPs or vehicle saline. Assessments of body and organ weight as well as biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses were performed in order to evaluate adverse effects. The results showed that treatment resulted in an increased visceral and abdominal fat deposition, as well as a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the abdominal fat tissue. The TiO2 NPs induced significant decrease in the weight gain and splenomegaly. Additionally, TiO2 NP-treated mice showed altered hematological parameters and significant liver injuries, which were characterized by histopathological and biochemical changes. Our results also indicated that TiO2 NPs were absorbed and significantly accumulated in the spleen, liver, and kidney. These results showed the ability of TiO2 NPs to infiltrate different organs and to induce inflammation and liver and spleen damage with visceral fat accumulation. The data obtained are useful for the governmental authorities to legislate and implement regulations concerning the use and the production of this kind of material that might be hazardous to the living beings, as well as to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adny H Silva
- 1 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | | | | | - Bruna F Gomes
- 4 Instituto de Química de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Jefferson S de Gois
- 1 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Daniel Lg Borges
- 1 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Murugavel P, Pari L. Effects of diallyl tetrasulfide on cadmium-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 26:527-34. [PMID: 17698948 DOI: 10.1177/0960327107073810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The protective efficacy of diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS) from garlic on liver injury induced by cadmium (Cd) was investigated. In this study, Cd (3 mg/kg body weight) was administered subcutaneously for 3 weeks to induce toxicity. DTS was administered orally (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks with subcutaneous (sc) injection of Cd. Cd-induced liver damage was evidenced from increased activities of serum hepatic enzymes, namely aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, with significant elevation of lipid peroxidation indices (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides) and protein carbonyl groups in the liver. Rats subjected to Cd toxicity also showed a decline in the levels of total thiols, reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E, accompanied by an increased accumulation of Cd, and significantly decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver. Administration of DTS at 40 mg/kg body weight significantly normalised the activities of hepatic marker enzymes, compared to other doses of DTS (10 and 20 mg/kg body weight). In addition, DTS (40 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd and the level of lipid peroxidation, and restored the level of antioxidant defense in the liver. Histological studies also showed that administration of DTS to Cd-treated rats resulted in a marked improvement of hepatocytes morphology with mild portal inflammation. Our results suggest that DTS might play a vital role in protecting Cd-induced oxidative damage in the liver. Human & Experimental Toxicology(2007) 26, 527—534
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Affiliation(s)
- P Murugavel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Toxicity and inflammatory response in Swiss albino mice after intraperitoneal and oral administration of polyurethane nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2016; 246:17-27. [PMID: 26820842 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work in vivo experiments were conducted in order to characterize the biocompatibility of polyurethane nanoparticles (PU-NPs) after intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral administration. Additionally, ex vivo assays were performed to assess human blood compatibility as well as in vitro assays to assess protein binding. Our results indicated that administration of three different concentrations of PU-NPs induced a significant increase in visceral fat accumulation after oral dosing. In addition, fat tissue of mice intraperitoneally treated with the highest concentration of nanoparticles showed diffuse mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the fat tissue. Histopathological assessment showed inflammatory infiltrate and hepatocyte vacuolization in the liver, inflammatory infiltration and vascular congestion in the lung and glomerular necrosis in the kidney. Hepatic enzymes related with liver function were significantly increased in both groups of mice treated with PU-NPs. The PU-NPs did not affect the human blood cells number as well as coagulation time but showed a susceptibility to bind in proteins commonly found in the blood stream. In addition, increased amounts of pro inflammatory cytokines in vivo, as well as ex vivo in human cells were observed. Further studies to establish the consequences of long-term exposure to PU-NPs are warranted.
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Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles mPEG350- and mPEG2000-coated: cell uptake and biocompatibility evaluation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:909-919. [PMID: 26767515 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) were synthesized by thermal decomposition of an organometallic precursor at high temperature and coated with a bi-layer composed of oleic acid and methoxy-polyethylene glycol-phospholipid. The formulations were named SPION-PEG350 and SPION-PEG2000. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements show that the SPIONs are near-spherical, well-crystalline, and have high saturation magnetization and susceptibility. FTIR spectroscopy identifies the presence of oleic acid and of the conjugates mPEG for each sample. In vitro biocompatibility of SPIONS was investigated using three cell lines; up to 100μg/ml SPION-PEG350 showed non-toxicity, while SPION-PEG2000 showed no signal of toxicity even up to 200μg/ml. The uptake of SPIONS was detected using magnetization measurement, confocal and atomic force microscopy. SPION-PEG2000 presented the highest internalization capacity, which should be correlated with the mPEG chain size. The in vivo results suggested that SPION-PEG2000 administration in mice triggered liver and kidney injury. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The potential use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) in the clinical setting have been studied by many researchers. The authors synthesized two types of SPIONS here and investigated the physical properties and biological compatibility. The findings should provide more data on the design of SPIONS for clinical application in the future.
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Imafidon CE, Akomolafe RO, Abubakar SA, Ogundipe OJ, Olukiran OS, Ayowole OA. Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Nephropathy using Polyphenol-rich Extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) Leaves in Rat Model. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:567-77. [PMID: 27275289 PMCID: PMC4877889 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in the kidney tissue of the rats. With marked improvements in renal histoarchitecture, PEVA treatment showed a duration and non dose-dependent ameliorative potential. CONCLUSION PEVA treatment reversed the compromise of renal function that was induced by Cd toxicity in rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Imafidon
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akomolafe
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi A Abubakar
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Medicine, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadare J Ogundipe
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa S Olukiran
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Physiological Sciences, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Oladele A Ayowole
- Afe Babalola University - Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
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Imafidon CE, Akomolafe RO, Sanusi AA, Ogundipe OJ, Olukiran OS, Ayowole OA. Polyphenol-rich extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) leaves ameliorated cadmium-induced alterations in feeding pattern and urine volume of male Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2015; 4:284-92. [PMID: 26649233 PMCID: PMC4665023 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20151107021034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To determine the effects of a polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) on the feeding pattern of rats that are exposed to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats, weighing 160-180 g, were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each as follows; Group 1 received distilled water orally (0.2 ml a 100 g rats), daily, throughout the period of study. Group 2 received Cd alone (in the form of CdSO4) at 5 mg/kg/day via intraperitoneal route for 5 consecutive days. Group 3 were pre-treated with Cd as Group 2 and thereafter left untreated for a period of 4-week. After the oral lethal dose of PEVA was determined, Groups 4, 5, and 6 received graded doses of PEVA at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day (0.2 ml per 100 g rats), respectively via oral route for 4 weeks after they were pre-treated with Cd as Group 2. Blood samples were collected for some plasma biochemical assays while urine samples were collected using metabolic cages. Results: PEVA administration significantly increased (P < 0.05) the body weight and feeding patterns that were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by Cd toxicity. PEVA also significantly reinstated the plasma antioxidant status, as well as glucose and urine volume of the rats toward control values (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PEVA can be an herbal alternative in the treatment or management of subjects manifesting alterations in feeding pattern and urine volume that is Cd-induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Eseigbe Imafidon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Rufus Ojo Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwadare Joshua Ogundipe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Olaoluwa Sesan Olukiran
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Oladele Abraham Ayowole
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
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Zhang S, Jin Y, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Fu Z. Subchronic Exposure of Mice to Cadmium Perturbs Their Hepatic Energy Metabolism and Gut Microbiome. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2000-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songbin Zhang
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biological and
Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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26
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Khan MHA, Parvez S. Hesperidin ameliorates heavy metal induced toxicity mediated by oxidative stress in brain of Wistar rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31:53-60. [PMID: 26004892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) induces neurotoxicity owing to its highly deleterious capacity to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies have provided insights on antioxidant properties of bioflavonoids which have emerged as potential therapeutic and nutraceutical agents. The aim of our study was to examine the hypothesis that hesperidin (HP) ameliorates oxidative stress and may have mitigatory effects in the extent of heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity. Cd (3mg/kg body weight) was administered subcutaneously for 21 days while HP (40 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally once every day. The results of the current investigation demonstrate significant elevated levels of oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PC) along with significant depletion in the activity of non-enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) and enzymatic antioxidants in the Cd treated rats' brain. Activity of neurotoxicity biomarkers such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), monoamine oxidase (MAO) and total ATPase were also altered significantly and HP treatment significantly attenuated the altered levels of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity biomarkers while salvaging the antioxidant sentinels of cells to near normal levels thus exhibiting potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects on the brain tissue against oxidative damage in Cd treated rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haaris Ajmal Khan
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India.
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El-Boshy ME, Risha EF, Abdelhamid FM, Mubarak MS, Hadda TB. Protective effects of selenium against cadmium induced hematological disturbances, immunosuppressive, oxidative stress and hepatorenal damage in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:104-10. [PMID: 24954678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a non-essential toxic metal used in industrial process, causes severe risk to human health. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral of fundamental importance for human health. Selenium has antioxidant enzymes roles and is needed for the proper function of the immune system. In this study, the protective effects of selenium against cadmium intoxication in rats have been investigated by monitoring some selective cytokines (IL-1β, TNF α, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ), antioxidant enzymes reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as some selective biochemical markers of liver and kidney functions. Thirty-two rats were divided into four equal groups; the first group was used as a control. Groups 2-4 were treated with selenium (Se; 0.1mg/kg BW), cadmium (Cd; 40mg/L drinking water) and selenium plus cadmium, respectively. Rats were orally administered their relevant doses daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from heart puncture at the end of the experiment (30 days) for complete blood picture (CBC) and serum was separated to evaluate the different immunological parameters and biochemical parameters, as well as liver specimens for Cd and Se estimation. Rats in the Cd treated group have a significantly higher hepatic concentration of Cd than in other treated groups. Results revealed that cadmium significantly increased IL-1β, TNF α, IL-6 and IL-10, beside peripheral neutrophils count, while the IFN-γ and lymphocytes were decreased in rat sera. In addition, GSH level, CAT, SOD and GPx activities were significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation (MDA) was increased. Regarding, liver and renal markers, they were significantly increased in the activities of aminotransferases (AST, ALT), urea and creatinine, while total plasma proteins and albumin were significantly decreased. On the other hand, selenium treated group, showed significantly increased IFN-γ, GSH level, CAT, and GPx activities, as well as lymphocyte count while IL-10 was decreased. Selenium in combination with cadmium, significantly improved the elevation of serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF α, IL-10 and malondialdehyde in addition to enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities of GSH, CAT, GPx and SOD. Moreover, selenium has ameliorated the cadmium-induced liver and kidney damage by improving hepatic and renal markers. The results of this investigation demonstrated that selenium has the potential to countermeasure the immunosuppressive as well as hepatic and renal oxidative damage induced by cadmium in rats; selenium has shown promising effects against Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm Al-Qura University, PB 7296, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Engy F Risha
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Abdelhamid
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux (LCM), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco.
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Winter E, Dal Pizzol C, Locatelli C, Silva AH, Conte A, Chiaradia-Delatorre LD, Nunes RJ, Yunes RA, Creckzynski-Pasa TB. In vitro and in vivo effects of free and chalcones-loaded nanoemulsions: insights and challenges in targeted cancer chemotherapies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:10016-35. [PMID: 25264679 PMCID: PMC4210964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several obstacles are encountered in conventional chemotherapy, such as drug toxicity and poor stability. Nanotechnology is envisioned as a strategy to overcome these effects and to improve anticancer therapy. Nanoemulsions comprise submicron emulsions composed of biocompatible lipids, and present a large surface area revealing interesting physical properties. Chalcones are flavonoid precursors, and have been studied as cytotoxic drugs for leukemia cells that induce cell death by different apoptosis pathways. In this study, we encapsulated chalcones in a nanoemulsion and compared their effect with the respective free compounds in leukemia and in non-tumoral cell lines, as well as in an in vivo model. Free and loaded-nanoemulsion chalcones induced a similar anti-leukemic effect. Free chalcones induced higher toxicity in VERO cells than chalcones-loaded nanoemulsions. Similar results were observed in vivo. Free chalcones induced a reduction in weight gain and liver injuries, evidenced by oxidative stress, as well as an inflammatory response. Considering the high toxicity and the side effects induced generally by all cancer chemotherapies, nanotechnology provides some options for improving patients’ life quality and/or increasing survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Winter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (E.W.) (C.D.P.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Carine Dal Pizzol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (E.W.) (C.D.P.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Claudriana Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of West of Santa Catarina, Videira, SC 89560-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Adny H. Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (E.W.) (C.D.P.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Aline Conte
- Department of Pharmacy, University of West of Santa Catarina, Videira, SC 89560-000, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Louise D. Chiaradia-Delatorre
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.D.C.-D.); (R.J.N.); (R.A.Y.)
| | - Ricardo J. Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.D.C.-D.); (R.J.N.); (R.A.Y.)
| | - Rosendo A. Yunes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.D.C.-D.); (R.J.N.); (R.A.Y.)
| | - Tânia B. Creckzynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (E.W.) (C.D.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: or ; Tel.: +55-48-3221-2212; Fax: +55-48-3721-9542
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Sumedha NC, Miltonprabu S. Diallyl trisulfide ameliorates arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:506-25. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114543933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the possible ameliorative effects of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) against arsenic (As)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. The four experimental groups evaluated include: (1) vehicle control; (2) As (5 mg/kg/day); (3) DATS (80 mg/kg/day) + As; and (4) DATS. Induction of As in rats caused severe hepatotoxicity as evidenced by an elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities and increased total bilirubin concentration, indicating hepatic function abnormalities. Histopathological examination revealed various structural changes in the liver, characterized by hepatocyte degeneration/necrosis, congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, vacuolation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The significant decrease in reduced glutathione content, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities and the significant increase in lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyl) contents indicated that As-induced hepatotoxicity was mediated through oxidative stress. As intoxication also elevated the levels of Cas-3 and nitric oxide and increased the expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver. In contrast, DATS pretreatment significantly improved As-induced serum biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological alterations reflecting hepatic dysfunction. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the hepatoprotective role of DATS, emphasizing the influence of this garlic trisulfide in the diet for human health, possibly preventing the hepatic injury associated with As intoxication, presumably due to its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and restoration of antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- NC Sumedha
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Miltonprabu
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cinar M, Yildirim E, Yigit AA, Yalcinkaya I, Duru O, Kisa U, Atmaca N. Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E and their combination on growth performance, some biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:186-96. [PMID: 24615553 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. A total of 240, 1-day-old, broilers were assigned to eight groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. The groups were fed on the following diets: control (basal diet), vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + vitamin E (250 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg diet), and copper (300 mg/kg diet) alone or in combination with the corresponding vitamins. At the 6th week, the body weights of broilers were decreased in copper, copper + vitamin E, and copper + vitamin C + vitamin E groups compared to control. The feed conversion ratio was poor in copper group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, iron, copper concentrations, and erythrocyte malondialdehyde were increased; plasma vitamin A and C concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were decreased in copper group compared to control. Glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and iron levels were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and copper levels were decreased in copper + vitamin C group, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E concentrations were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in copper with vitamin E group compared to copper group. The vitamin C concentrations were increased; copper, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde were decreased in copper + vitamin C + vitamin E group compared to copper group. To conclude, copper caused oxidative stress in broilers. The combination of vitamin C and vitamin E addition might alleviate the harmful effects of copper as demonstrated by decreased lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyase Cinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, 71450, Yahsihan/Kirikkale, Turkey,
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Ivanova J, Gluhcheva Y, Kamenova K, Arpadjan S, Mitewa M. Monensin ameliorates cadmium-induced hepatic injury in mice, subjected to subacute cadmium intoxication. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:147-152. [PMID: 26740751 PMCID: PMC4684042 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.901673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the potential application of monensin as an oral drug for the treatment of cadmium-induced hepatic dysfunction. The study was performed using ICR mouse model. Twenty-seven adult ICR male mice were divided into three groups of nine animals each: control (received distilled water and food ad libitum for 28 days); Cd-intoxicated (treated orally with 20 mg/kg b.w. Cd(II) acetate from the 1st to the 14th day of the experimental protocol); and monensin treated group (intoxicated with Cd(II) acetate as described for the Cd-intoxicated group followed by an oral treatment with 16 mg/kg b.w. tetraethylammonium salt of monensic acid for two weeks). The obtained results demonstrated that the treatment of Cd-intoxicated animals with monensin restored the liver weight/body weight index to normal values, decreased the concentration of the toxic metal ion by 50% compared to the Cd-treated controls, and recovered the homeostasis of Cu and Zn. Monensin reduced the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotrasnferase and alkaline phosphatase in the plasma of Cd-treated animals to the normal control levels and ameliorated the Cd-induced inflammation in the liver. Taken together, these data demonstrated that monensin could be an effective chelating agent for the treatment of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ivanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski',Faculty of Medicine , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Yordanka Gluhcheva
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Morphology , Pathology and Anthropology with Museum , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Kamenova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski',Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Sonja Arpadjan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski',Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Mitewa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski',Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Sofia , Bulgaria
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Nazimabashir, Manoharan V, Prabu SM. Protective role of grape seed proanthocyanidins against cadmium induced hepatic dysfunction in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Haouem S, El Hani A. Effect of Cadmium on Lipid Peroxidation and on Some Antioxidants in the Liver, Kidneys and Testes of Rats Given Diet Containing Cadmium-polluted Radish Bulbs. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:359-64. [PMID: 24526808 PMCID: PMC3921918 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cadmium (Cd), incorporated in radish bulbs, on malondialdehyde and glutathione levels and on superoxide dismutase activity in the liver, kidneys and testes of male rats. The control animals were given diet containing ordinary radish bulbs for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, while contaminated animals were given diet containing Cd-polluted radish bulbs (1.1 mg Cd/g of diet) for the same periods as in the controls. At each time point, rats were euthanized and the liver, kidneys and testes were removed. The results indicated that the body weight gain of contaminated rats was identical to that of the control rats. Cd concentrations in the liver, kidneys and testes increased significantly and gradually from the 4th to 12th week of treatment. Malondialdehyde concentrations decreased significantly in the liver and increased significantly in the kidneys and testes after 12 weeks of treatment, while glutathione levels increased significantly in the liver, and decreased significantly in the kidneys and testes at the same time. No changes were observed in SOD activity in the liver, while in the kidneys and testes, this activity was increased after 12 weeks of treatment as compared with the control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Haouem
- Departement de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Abdelhamid El Hani
- Departement de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
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Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters in mice exposed to the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup(®). Interdiscip Toxicol 2013; 5:133-40. [PMID: 23554553 PMCID: PMC3600513 DOI: 10.2478/v10102-012-0022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the toxicity of hepatic, hematological, and oxidative effects of glyphosate-Roundup® on male and female albino Swiss mice. The animals were treated orally with either 50 or 500 mg/kg body weight of the herbicide, on a daily basis for a period of 15 days. Distilled water was used as control treatment. Samples of blood and hepatic tissue were collected at the end of the treatment. Hepatotoxicity was monitored by quantitative analysis of the serum enzymes ALT, AST, and γ-GT and renal toxicity by urea and creatinine. We also investigated liver tissues histopathologically. Alterations of hematological parameters were monitored by RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and NPSH (non-protein thiols) were analyzed in the liver to assess oxidative damage. Significant increases in the levels of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, and γ-GT) were observed for both herbicide treatments, but no considerable differences were found by histological analysis. The hematological parameters showed significant alterations (500 mg/kg body weight) with reductions of RBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, together with a significant increase of MCV, in both sexes of mice. In males, there was an important increase in lipid peroxidation at both dosage levels, together with an NPSH decrease in the hepatic tissue, whereas in females significant changes in these parameters were observed only at the higher dose rate. The results of this study indicate that glyphosate-Roundup® can promote hematological and hepatic alterations, even at subacute exposure, which could be related to the induction of reactive oxygen species.
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Silva AH, Locatelli C, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Zanetti-Ramos BG, Conte A, Creczynski-Pasa TB. Solid lipid nanoparticles induced hematological changes and inflammatory response in mice. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:212-9. [PMID: 23451884 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.782076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are an alternative drug delivery system compared to emulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Due to their unique sizes and properties, SLNs offer possibility to develop new therapeutic approaches. The ability to incorporate drugs into nanocarriers offers a new prototype in drug delivery that could be used for drug targeting. However, toxicity of these new formulations has not been investigated thus far. In this study, we carried out an in vivo toxicity study. For that mice were divided into three groups and treated intraperitoneally with triestearin-based SLNs (TN), natural wax-based SLNs (VN) or vehicle for 10 days. After that, necropsies, histopathological and hematological analysis, as well as hepatic and renal functions were performed. Our results indicated that both TN and VN were absorbed post-exposure and induced an inflammatory response in adipose tissue. However, histopathological analysis demonstrated the absence of toxicity in both treated groups. In addition, the body weights were similar among the groups and low toxicity was also indicated by the unchanged serum biochemical parameters. This study provides a preliminary data for toxicological studies of two different SLNs in long-term in vivo exposure. However, further studies should be conducted in order to investigate the inflammatory response in order to establish the safety of these SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adny Henrique Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC , Brazil
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Haouem S, Chargui I, Najjar MF, Sriha B, El Hani A. Liver Function and Structure in Rats Treated Simultaneously with Cadmium and Mercury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpathology.2013.31005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hematological indices and activity of NTPDase and cholinesterase enzymes in rats exposed to cadmium and treated with N-acetylcysteine. Biometals 2012; 25:1195-206. [PMID: 22991071 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cadmium (Cd) poisoning by evaluating Cd concentration in tissues, hematological indices as well as the activity of NTPDase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes of rats exposed to Cd and co-treated with NAC. For this purpose, the rats received Cd (2 mg/kg) and NAC (150 mg/kg) by gavage every other day for 30 days. Animals were divided into four groups (n = 6-8): control/saline, NAC, Cd, and Cd/NAC. Cd exposure increased Cd concentration in plasma, spleen and thymus, and NAC co-treatment modulated this augment in both lymphoid organs. Cd exposure reduced red blood cell count, hemoglobin content and hematocrit value. Cd intoxication caused a decrease in total white blood cell count. NAC treatment per se caused an increase in lymphocyte and a decrease in neutrophil counts. On contrary, Cd exposure caused a decrease in lymphocyte and an increase in neutrophil and monocyte counts. NAC reversed or ameliorated the hematological impairments caused by Cd poisoning. There were no significant alterations in the NTPDase activity in lymphocytes of rats treated with Cd and/or NAC. Cd caused a decrease in the activities of lymphocyte AChE, whole blood AChE and serum BChE. However, NAC co-treatment was inefficient in counteracting the negative effect of Cd in the cholinesterase activities. The present investigation provides ex vivo evidence supporting the hypothesis that Cd induces immunotoxicity by interacting with the lymphoid organs, altering hematological parameters and inhibiting peripheral cholinesterase activity. Also, it highlights the possibility to use NAC as adjuvant against toxicological conditions.
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Pari L, Shagirtha K. Hesperetin protects against oxidative stress related hepatic dysfunction by cadmium in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:513-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mirani N, . N, Ashraf J, Siddique J, Rub A. Protective Effect of Rutin Against Cadmium Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2012.150.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Prabu SM, Shagirtha K, Renugadevi J. Naringenin in combination with vitamins C and E potentially protects oxidative stress-mediated hepatic injury in cadmium-intoxicated rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2011; 57:177-85. [PMID: 21697638 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.57.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury is one of the major outcomes of chronic Cd toxicity, which can be ameliorated by numerous antioxidants. The present study was undertaken to find the therapeutic efficacy of naringenin (NGN) plus vitamins C and E on Cd-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. It has been noticed that Cd intoxication significantly elevates the levels of serum hepatic marker enzymes such as alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes and protein carbonyls. In addition, Cd also decreases the activities of hepatic enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants total sulphydryl groups, reduced glutathione, vitamins C and E and histopathological changes in liver. Treatment with NGN and vitamins C and E in combination more significantly improved the altered biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver of Cd-intoxicated rats than the NGN or vitamins C and E treatment alone. CONCLUSION The present data suggest that combined administration of NGN with vitamins C and E proved to be more beneficial in the treatment of Cd-hepatotoxicity than NGN treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Milton Prabu
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Shagirtha K, Pari L. Hesperetin, a citrus flavonone, protects potentially cadmium induced oxidative testicular dysfunction in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2105-2111. [PMID: 21719105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of hesperetin (Hp) on cadmium (Cd) induced oxidative testicular toxicity in rats. Subcutaneous administration of Cd (3mg/kg body weight) for 21 days significantly elevated the levels of oxidative stress markers, Cd concentration in testis and lowered the levels of enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants and membrane bound enzymes in the testicular tissue. Hp administrated orally along with Cd injection for 21 days, significantly revert back the status of oxidative stress markers, Cd concentration in testis, improved status of antioxidant markers and membrane bound enzymes in the testis to near normal level. The histopathological studies in the testis of rats also supported that Hp (40 mg/kg) markedly reduced the toxicity of Cd and preserved the normal histoarchitecture pattern of the testis. Thus, the results suggest that Hp acts as a potent antioxidative agent against Cd induced testicular toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalist Shagirtha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Cinar M, Yigit AA, Yalcinkaya I, Oruc E, Duru O, Arslan M. Cadmium Induced Changes on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters and Tissue in Broilers: Effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2011.923.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shagirtha K, Pari L. Hesperetin, a citrus flavonone, attenuates cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ponnusamy M, Pari L. Protective role of diallyl tetrasulfide on cadmium-induced testicular damage in adult rats: A biochemical and histological study. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27:407-16. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710387633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage is the most serious problem that leads to reproductive system failure in both human and animals. Our previous studies indicate that diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS) from garlic has the cytoprotective and antioxidant activity against Cd-induced toxicity in vivo and in vitro. The present investigation was carried out to find the influence of DTS on peroxidative damage induced by Cd in rat testes. The Cd-exposed rat testis showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in testes to body weight ratio, along with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Cd accumulation, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels. In Cd-exposed rats, we also observed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and glutathione metabolizing (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) enzymes as well as reduced levels of non-enzymic (reduced glutathione, ascorbate and total sulphydryl groups) antioxidants. In contrast, treatment with DTS (40 mg/kg body weight orally) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the accumulation of Cd and lipid peroxidation markers and also significantly improved the activities of antioxidant defense system in testes. Testicular protection by DTS is further substantiated by remarkable reduction of Cd-induced pathological changes. Our study has revealed that DTS renders protection against Cd-induced testicular injury by reducing Cd-mediated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA, , Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Antimetastatic activity and low systemic toxicity of tetradecyl gallate in a preclinical melanoma mouse model. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:870-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Quercetin in combination with vitamins (C and E) improve oxidative stress and hepatic injury in cadmium intoxicated rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Renugadevi J, Milton Prabu S. Quercetin protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction by cadmium in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:471-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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García MTA, González ELM. Natural antioxidants protect against cadmium-induced damage during pregnancy and lactation in rats' pups. J Food Sci 2010; 75:T18-23. [PMID: 20492210 PMCID: PMC2995313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Free-radicals production is involved in the toxicity of cadmium. The aim of this study was to determine whether biochemical changes occurred in the liver and kidney of cadmium exposed pups during gestation and lactation, and additionally to investigate the potential beneficial role of the administration of certain antioxidants against cadmium exposure damage. Pregnant Wistar rats received the following treatments as drinking water: (1) Distilled water; (2) Cadmium (10 mg/L); (3) Cadmium + Zinc (20 mg/L) + vitamins A (50000 U/L), C (2 g/L), E (500 mg/L), and B(6) (500 mg/L); (4) Vitamins + Zinc solution. We found an increase in hemolysis and in the aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) activity in the erythrocytes among both cadmium-exposed groups. Cadmium exposure increased the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase, and alkaline and acid phosphatase activity in both the organs studied. The effect on the enzymatic activity was reduced by the coadministration of vitamins and zinc. Our findings suggest that administration of antioxidants during gestation and lactation could prevent some of the negative effects of cadmium.
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Renugadevi J, Prabu SM. Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and the protective effect of naringenin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 62:171-81. [PMID: 19409769 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This experiment pertains to the protective role of naringenin against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress in the liver of rats. Cadmium is a major environmental pollutant and is known for its wide toxic manifestations. Naringenin is a naturally occurring citrus flavonone which has been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties. In the present investigation cadmium (5mg/kg) was administered orally for 4 weeks to induce hepatotoxicity. Liver damage induced by cadmium was clearly shown by the increased activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes namely aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and serum total bilirubin (TB) along with the increased level of lipid peroxidation indices (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides) and protein carbonyl contents in liver. The toxic effect of cadmium was also indicated by significantly decreased levels of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and vitamin E). Administration of naringenin at a dose of (50mg/kg) significantly reversed the activities of serum hepatic marker enzymes to their near-normal levels when compared to Cd-treated rats. In addition, naringenin significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and restored the levels of antioxidant defense in the liver. The histopathological studies in the liver of rats also showed that naringenin (50mg/kg) markedly reduced the toxicity of cadmium and preserved the normal histological architecture of the tissue. The present study suggested that naringenin may be beneficial in ameliorating the cadmium-induced oxidative damage in the liver of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Renugadevi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Manna P, Sinha M, Sil PC. Taurine plays a beneficial role against cadmium-induced oxidative renal dysfunction. Amino Acids 2009; 36:417-28. [PMID: 18414974 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study has been carried out to investigate the role of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a conditionally essential amino acid, in ameliorating cadmium-induced renal dysfunctions in mice. Cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) has been selected as the source of cadmium. Intraperitoneal administration of CdCl(2 )(at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight for 3 days) caused significant accumulation of cadmium in renal tissues and lessened kidney weight to body weight ratio. Cadmium administration reduced intracellular ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) of renal tissues. Levels of serum marker enzymes related to renal damage, creatinine and urea nitrogen (UN) have been elevated due to cadmium toxicity. Cadmium exposure diminished the activities of enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH) and total thiols. On the other hand, the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA fragmentation, concentration of superoxide radicals and activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP P450s) have been found to increase due to cadmium intoxication. Treatment with taurine (at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 5 days) before cadmium intoxication prevented the toxin-induced oxidative impairments in renal tissues. The beneficial role of taurine against cadmium-induced renal damage was supported from histological examination of renal segments. Vitamin C, a well-established antioxidant was used as the positive control in the study. Experimental evidence suggests that both taurine and vitamin C provide antioxidant defense against cadmium-induced renal oxidative injury. Combining all, results suggest that taurine protects murine kidneys against cadmium-induced oxidative impairments, probably via its antioxidative property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, West Bengal, India
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