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Wei S, Yang Y, Zong Y, Yang Y, Guo M, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Ru S, Zhang X. Long-term exposure to prometryn damages the visual system and changes color preference of female zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2024:142835. [PMID: 38996981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Color vision, initiated from the cone photoreceptors, is essential for fish to obtain environmental information. Although the visual impairment of triazine herbicide prometryn has been reported, data on the effect of herbicide such as prometryn on natural color sensitivity of fish is scarce. Here, zebrafish were exposed to prometryn (0, 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) from 2 h post-fertilization to 160 days post-fertilization, to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of prometryn on color perception. The results indicated that 10 and 100 μg/L prometryn shortened the height of red-green cone cells, and down-regulated expression of genes involved in light transduction pathways (arr3a, pde6h) and visual cycle (lrata, rpe65a); meanwhile, 1 μg/L prometryn increased all-trans-retinoic acid levels in zebrafish eyes, and up-regulated the expression of genes involved in retinoid metabolism (rdh10b, aldh1a2, cyp26a1), finally leading to weakened red and green color perception of female zebrafish. This study first clarified how herbicide such as prometryn affected color vision of a freshwater fish after a long-term exposure from both morphological and functional disruption, and its hazard on color vision mediated- ecologically relevant tasks should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wei
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, P.R. China
| | - Meiping Guo
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, P.R. China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, P.R. China.
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Sule RO, Phinney BS, Salemi MR, Gomes AV. Mitochondrial and Proteasome Dysfunction Occurs in the Hearts of Mice Treated with Triazine Herbicide Prometryn. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15266. [PMID: 37894945 PMCID: PMC10607192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prometryn is a methylthio-s-triazine herbicide used to control the growth of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in many cultivated plants. Significant traces of prometryn are documented in the environment, mainly in waters, soil, and plants used for human and domestic consumption. Previous studies have shown that triazine herbicides have carcinogenic potential in humans. However, there is limited information about the effects of prometryn on the cardiac system in the literature, or the mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying any potential cytotoxic effects are not known. It is important to understand the possible effects of exogenous compounds such as prometryn on the heart. To determine the mechanisms and signaling pathways affected by prometryn (185 mg/kg every 48 h for seven days), we performed proteomic profiling of male mice heart with quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using ten-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. The data suggest that several major pathways, including energy metabolism, protein degradation, fatty acid metabolism, calcium signaling, and antioxidant defense system were altered in the hearts of prometryn-treated mice. Proteasome and immunoproteasome activity assays and expression levels showed proteasome dysfunction in the hearts of prometryn-treated mice. The results suggest that prometryn induced changes in mitochondrial function and various signaling pathways within the heart, particularly affecting stress-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed O. Sule
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.S.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Michelle R. Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.S.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Huang P, Du J, Cao L, Gao J, Li Q, Sun Y, Shao N, Zhang Y, Xu G. Effects of prometryn on oxidative stress, immune response and apoptosis in the hepatopancreas of Eriocheir sinensis (Crustacea: Decapoda). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115159. [PMID: 37356403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Prometryn, a triazine pesticide product used to control weed growth, poses a high risk to aquatic organisms in the environment. Several toxicological evaluations have been performed on bony fish and shrimp exposed to prometryn. However, there have been no reports conducted on the toxic mechanism of prometryn with regard to Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, our research evaluated the toxic effects of prometryn via in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests on E. sinensis. Firstly, we estimated the exposure toxicity of prometryn to E. sinensis, and then we constructed a 6 h transcriptional profile and conducted an enrichment analysis. To further reveal the toxicity of prometryn, the hepatopancreas (hepatopancreatic cells) was analyzed for antioxidant, immune and lipid-metabolism-related enzymes, antioxidant- and apoptosis-related gene expression, histopathology and TUNEL. From the results, we determined that the 96 h-LD50 was 70.059 mg/kg, and using RNA-seq, we identified 933 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were mainly enriched in the amino and fatty acid metabolism and the cell-fate-determination-related signaling pathway. The results of the biochemical assays showed that prometryn could significantly decrease the activities/levels of CAT, SOD, GSH, AKP and ACP, reduce the levels of T-AOC, TG, TCH, C3 and C4, and increase the MDA content. In addition, the expression levels of Nrf2, GSTs and HO-1 were first upregulated and then downregulated with increasing time. Histopathology showed that prometryn damaged the structure of the hepatopancreas cells and induced apoptosis, suggesting that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be involved in the damage process of hepatopancreas cells (PI3K, PDK and Akt were downregulated whereas Bax was upregulated), leading to their apoptosis. The above results indicated that prometryn could cause injury of the hepatopancreas through oxidative stress, induce cell apoptosis, disrupt the lipid metabolism and cause immune damage. This study provided useful data for understanding and evaluating the toxicity of prometryn to aquatic crustacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Nailin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Liang D, Xiao C, Song F, Li H, Liu R, Gao J. Complete Genome Sequence and Function Gene Identify of Prometryne-Degrading Strain Pseudomonas sp. DY-1. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061261. [PMID: 34200754 PMCID: PMC8230428 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pseudomonas is widely recognized for its potential for environmental remediation and plant growth promotion. Pseudomonas sp. DY-1 was isolated from the agricultural soil contaminated five years by prometryne, it manifested an outstanding prometryne degradation efficiency and an untapped potential for plant resistance improvement. Thus, it is meaningful to comprehend the genetic background for strain DY-1. The whole genome sequence of this strain revealed a series of environment adaptive and plant beneficial genes which involved in environmental stress response, heavy metal or metalloid resistance, nitrate dissimilatory reduction, riboflavin synthesis, and iron acquisition. Detailed analyses presented the potential of strain DY-1 for degrading various organic compounds via a homogenized pathway or the protocatechuate and catechol branches of the β-ketoadipate pathway. In addition, heterologous expression, and high efficiency liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed that prometryne could be oxidized by a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO) encoded by a gene in the chromosome of strain DY-1. The result of gene knock-out suggested that the sulfate starvation-induced (SSI) genes in this strain might also involve in the process of prometryne degradation. These results would provide the molecular basis for the application of strain DY-1 in various fields and would contribute to the study of prometryne biodegradation mechanism as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (D.L.); (C.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Changyixin Xiao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (D.L.); (C.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Haitao Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (D.L.); (C.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Rongmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (D.L.); (C.X.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-133-5999-0992 (J.G.)
| | - Jiguo Gao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China; (D.L.); (C.X.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-133-5999-0992 (J.G.)
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Garcês A, Pires I, Rodrigues P. Teratological effects of pesticides in vertebrates: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 55:75-89. [PMID: 31516070 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1660562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the use and misuse of pesticides in the agriculture have increased, having a severe impact on ecosystems and their fauna. Although the various effects of pesticides on biodiversity have been already documented in several studies, to our knowledge no consistent overview of the impact of pesticides in vertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, is available. In this review, we try to present a concise compilation of the teratogenic effects of pesticides on the different classes of vertebrates - mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Garcês
- CITAB - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Rodrigues
- CECAV - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Liu Q, Wang L, Chen H, Huang B, Xu J, Li Y, Héroux P, Zhu X, Wu Y, Xia D. Prometryn induces apoptotic cell death through cell cycle arrest and oxidative DNA damage. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:833-841. [PMID: 32055391 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prometryn is a slightly to moderately toxic herbicide belonging to the triazine family of herbicides, which are widely used in agriculture to control the growth of various weeds. Although many studies have shown that triazine herbicides have carcinogenic potential in humans, the cytotoxic effects of prometryn on human cells, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, are not yet fully understood. The lung is one of the most important organs where there is accumulation of environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of prometryn on normal lung cells using the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. We found that treatment with high concentrations of prometryn arrested BEAS-2B cell growth in the S phase, while at low concentrations the cell cycle was not affected. Furthermore, we observed changes in the expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and cyclin A that were consistent with the induction of cell cycle arrest in BEAS-2B cells exposed to prometryn. We also observed the increased formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BEAS-2B cells, suggesting that this cell line is sensitive to prometryn. Finally, prometryn induced DNA double-strand breaks in BEAS-2B cells. In conclusion, prometryn affected key molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, induced oxidative stress, and induced DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells, which may shed light on the mechanism by which prometryn promotes lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Liu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health , and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-571-882-08099
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Nutrition of School of Public Health , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China
| | - Hanwen Chen
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health , and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-571-882-08099.,Department of Gastroenterology , Second Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health , and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-571-882-08099
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health , and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-571-882-08099
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology , Biostatistics and Occupational Health , McGill University , Canada
| | - Paul Héroux
- Department of Epidemiology , Biostatistics and Occupational Health , McGill University , Canada
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health , and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-571-882-08099
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health , and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-571-882-08099
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Mosiichuk NM, Husak VV, Maksymiv IV, Hlodan OY, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Toxicity of environmental Gesagard to goldfish may be connected with induction of low intensity oxidative stress in concentration- and tissue-related manners. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:249-258. [PMID: 26133465 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prometryn is a selective herbicide commonly used in agriculture as the commercial preparation, Gesagard. Goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposure for 96h to 0.2, 1, or 5mgL(-1) Gesagard 500FW (corresponding to 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5mgL(-1) of prometryn) on indices of oxidative stress (lipid peroxides, protein carbonyls, and thiol content) and activities of antioxidant and related enzymes in gills, liver, and kidney was studied. Gills appeared to be the most resistant to Gesagard treatment, reacting to only the highest concentration of herbicide with enhanced levels of low molecular mass thiols and activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase. Goldfish exposure to 0.2-5mgL(-1) Gesagard resulted in enhancement of carbonyl protein level and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), but reduced the lipid peroxide (LOOH) content and activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver. Kidney appeared to be the main target organ of Gesagard toxicity, showing the greatest number of parameters affected even under low concentrations of herbicide. An increase in the content of L-SH and activity of SOD was accompanied with decreased activities of catalase, GST, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and reduced levels of LOOH in kidney of Gesagard treated fish. The treatment also induced various histological changes in goldfish liver and kidney which could be related to their dysfunction. The present study indicates that Gesagard induced oxidative stress of differing intensities in the three goldfish tissues and demonstrated that kidney would be the best target organ to analyze, reveal, and monitor Gesagard effects on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M Mosiichuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
| | - Viktor V Husak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
| | - Ivan V Maksymiv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Y Hlodan
- Department of Human and Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76016, Ukraine
| | - Janet M Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
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Abstract
Brain Toxicokinetics of Prometryne in MicePrometryne is a methylthio-s-triazine herbicide. Significant trace amounts are found in the environment, mainly in water, soil, and food plants. The aim of this study was to establish brain and blood prometryne levels after single oral dose (1 g kg-1) in adult male and female mice. Prometryne was measured using the GC/MS assay at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after prometryne administration. Peak brain and blood prometryne values were observed 1 h after administration and they decreased in a time-dependent manner. Male mice had consistently higher brain and blood prometryne levels than female mice. The observed prometryne kinetics was similar to that reported for the structurally related herbicide atrazine.
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