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Zhu J, Yu L, Stockmann R, Liu H, Zou W. Thermal treatment of alkali lignin to eliminate its inhibition of pancreatic proteases in vitro. Food Chem 2024; 442:138412. [PMID: 38241996 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate how alkali lignin inhibits protein digestion and explore thermal treatment as a potential solution. Solid alkali lignin species pre-heated at different temperatures (150, 200, and 250 °C) and soluble acid-differentiated fractions are subjected to in vitro protein digestion. A range of techniques, including Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), Zeta Potential Analyzer, 1H NMR, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), and Molecular Docking, were used to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of alkali lignin on pancreatic proteases hydrolysis. Our results suggest that soluble alkali lignin inhibits pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin, with the acid-differentiated soluble fraction (LgpH<1) displaying the strongest inhibition and proteases' binding affinity due to the abundance of polar groups (e.g., -OH, -CHO), which facilitate hydrogen-bond formation. Furthermore, pre-heating lignin (200 °C) was confirmed effective for removing LgpH<1 and its negative nutritional influence, providing a feasible strategy for overcoming the negative impact of alkali lignin on protein digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Long Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Knowledge City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | | | - Hongsheng Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Knowledge City, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Wei Zou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
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2
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Singh V, Lee G, Son H, Amani S, Baunthiyal M, Shin JH. Anti-diabetic prospects of dietary bio-actives of millets and the significance of the gut microbiota: A case of finger millet. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1056445. [PMID: 36618686 PMCID: PMC9815516 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1056445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is a staple food in several parts of the world because of its high nutritional value. In addition to its high nutrient content, finger millet contains numerous bioactive compounds, including polyphenol (10.2 mg/g TAE), flavonoid (5.54 mg/g CE), phytic acid (0.48%), and dietary fiber (15-20%). Polyphenols are known for their anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic role. Phytic acid, previously considered an anti-nutritive substance, is now regarded as a nutraceutical as it reduces carbohydrate digestibility and thus controls post-prandial glucose levels and obesity. Thus, finger millet is an attractive diet for patients with diabetes. Recent findings have revealed that the anti-oxidant activity and bio-accessibility of finger millet polyphenols increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the colon, confirming the role of the gut microbiota. The prebiotic content of finger millet was also utilized by the gut microbiota, such as Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, and Roseburia, to generate colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and probiotic Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which are known to be anti-diabetic in nature. Notably, finger millet-induced mucus-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila can also help in alleviate diabetes by releasing propionate and Amuc_1100 protein. Various millet bio-actives effectively controlled pathogenic gut microbiota, such as Shigella and Clostridium histolyticum, to lower gut inflammation and, thus, the risk of diabetes in the host. In the current review, we have meticulously examined the role of gut microbiota in the bio-accessibility of millet compounds and their impact on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - GyuDae Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWoo Son
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sliti Amani
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mamta Baunthiyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghurdauri, India,*Correspondence: Mamta Baunthiyal,
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Jae-Ho Shin,
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Sugiarto S, Leow Y, Tan CL, Wang G, Kai D. How far is Lignin from being a biomedical material? Bioact Mater 2022; 8:71-94. [PMID: 34541388 PMCID: PMC8424518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a versatile biomass that possesses many different desirable properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-UV, and good biocompatibility. Natural lignin can be processed through several chemical processes. The processed lignin can be modified into functionalized lignin through chemical modifications to develop and enhance biomaterials. Thus, lignin is one of the prime candidate for various biomaterial applications such as drug and gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, 3D printing, tissue engineering, and dietary supplement additive. This review presents the potential of developing and utilizing lignin in the outlook of new and sustainable biomaterials. Thereafter, we also discuss on the challenges and outlook of utilizing lignin as a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Sugiarto
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Yihao Leow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Guan Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634 Singapore
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Chen Z, Farag MA, Zhong Z, Zhang C, Yang Y, Wang S, Wang Y. Multifaceted role of phyto-derived polyphenols in nanodrug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113870. [PMID: 34280511 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As naturally occurring bioactive products, several lines of evidence have shown the potential of polyphenols in the medical intervention of various diseases, including tumors, inflammatory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Notably, owing to the particular molecular structure, polyphenols can combine with proteins, metal ions, polymers, and nucleic acids providing better strategies for polyphenol-delivery strategies. This contributes to the inherent advantages of polyphenols as important functional components for other drug delivery strategies, e.g., protecting nanodrugs from oxidation as a protective layer, improving the physicochemical properties of carbohydrate polymer carriers, or being used to synthesize innovative functional delivery vehicles. Polyphenols have emerged as a multifaceted player in novel drug delivery systems, both as therapeutic agents delivered to intervene in disease progression and as essential components of drug carriers. Although an increasing number of studies have focused on polyphenol-based nanodrug delivery including epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, resveratrol, tannic acid, and polyphenol-related innovative preparations, these molecules are not without inherent shortcomings. The active biochemical characteristics of polyphenols constitute a prerequisite to their high-frequency use in drug delivery systems and likewise to provoke new challenges for the design and development of novel polyphenol drug delivery systems of improved efficacies. In this review, we focus on both the targeted delivery of polyphenols and the application of polyphenols as components of drug delivery carriers, and comprehensively elaborate on the application of polyphenols in new types of drug delivery systems. According to the different roles played by polyphenols in innovative drug delivery strategies, potential limitations and risks are discussed in detail including the influences on the physical and chemical properties of nanodrug delivery systems, and their influence on normal physiological functions inside the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Chemistry Department, American University in Cairo AUC, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Zou W, Zhang X, Stockmann R. Thermally processed lignin reduces the apparent hydrolysis rate of pancreatic α-amylase in starchy foods. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:117961. [PMID: 33858568 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, despite being the second most abundant constituent of plant cell walls, is thought to be chemically inert during gastrointestinal digestion and therefore attracts little attention for its role in the human diet. This study explores the heat modifications of lignin to derive species capable of slowing starch digestion in vitro. We applied various advanced biochemical (e.g. enzymic digestion, solubility) and physio-chemical (e.g. scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy, 13C-NMR) analyses to characterize the structure-function of lignin induced by heat treatment. It was found that lignin thermally processed above 300 °C reduced the apparent hydrolysis rate of pancreatic α-amylase, which is ascribed mainly to the insoluble lignin with a modified particle surface morphology. Further kinetic experiments showed that lignin species derived by thermal processing slowed in vitro digestion rates of potato starch and pasta. These findings highlight the potential for utilizing thermally processed lignin in slowing digestion of starchy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Regine Stockmann
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
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Lignin isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves has antioxidant, antifungal and immunostimulatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1725-1733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sato S, Norikura T, Mukai Y, Yamaoka S, Mikame K. Lignin-derived low-molecular-weight oxidized lignophenol stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and suppresses renal inflammation and interstitial fibrosis in high fat diet-fed mice. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 318:108977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Tong X, Moradipour M, Novak B, Kamali P, Asare SO, Knutson BL, Rankin SE, Lynn BC, Moldovan D. Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Effects of Lignin Dimers on the Gel-to-Fluid Phase Transition in DPPC Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8247-8260. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Tong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Mahsa Moradipour
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Brian Novak
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Poorya Kamali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Shardrack O. Asare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Barbara L. Knutson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Stephen E. Rankin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Bert C. Lynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Dorel Moldovan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Raza GS, Maukonen J, Makinen M, Niemi P, Niiranen L, Hibberd AA, Poutanen K, Buchert J, Herzig KH. Hypocholesterolemic Effect of the Lignin-Rich Insoluble Residue of Brewer's Spent Grain in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1104-1114. [PMID: 30592221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insoluble residue (INS) is a lignin-rich fraction of brewer's spent grain (BSG) that also contains β-glucan and arabinoxylan, the major constituents of dietary fiber. We investigated the effects of INS in diet-induced obese mice in terms of lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases. Male mice (C57bl6) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), a HFD + 20% INS, a HFD + 20% cellulose (CEL), a HFD with a combination of 20% INS-CEL (1:1), or a control diet for 14 weeks. Insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed after 12 weeks. Fasting plasma lipids, bile acid, and fecal bile acid were measured after 14 weeks of feeding, and tissues were collected for gene expression analysis. Body weight gain was significantly reduced with all fibers, but only INS and INS-CEL decreased fasting plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol compared to HFD. CEL and INS-CEL significantly improved insulin resistance. Fecal bile acids were significantly increased by all fibers, but there was no change in plasma bile acid. Clostridium leptum was increased with all fibers, but universal bacterial diversity was only with INS and INS-CEL. In addition, INS significantly increased the abundance of Bacteriodes, while CEL decreased Atopobium and Lactobacillus. INS feeding significantly upregulated various genes of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, such as Srebp2, Hmgcr, Ldlr, Cyp7a1, Pparα, Fxr, and Pxr, in the liver. INS, INS-CEL, and CEL significantly attenuated liver steatosis. Our results suggest that INS from BSG induced beneficial systemic changes in mice via gut microbiota, bile acids, and gene expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Maukonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Limited , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2 , 02044 Espoo , Finland
- DuPont Nutrition & Health , 02460 Kantvik , Finland
| | - Markus Makinen
- Medical Research Center (MRC) , University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital , 90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Piritta Niemi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Limited , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2 , 02044 Espoo , Finland
| | | | - Ashley A Hibberd
- Genomics & Microbiome Science , DuPont Nutrition & Health , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Limited , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2 , 02044 Espoo , Finland
| | - Johanna Buchert
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Limited , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2 , 02044 Espoo , Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Medical Research Center (MRC) , University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital , 90014 Oulu , Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 60-512 Poznan , Poland
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10
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Vinardell MP, Mitjans M. Lignins and Their Derivatives with Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061219. [PMID: 28590454 PMCID: PMC5486042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the pharmacological applications of lignins provides evidence of their protective role against the development of different diseases. In many cases, the effects of lignins could be explained by their antioxidant capacity. Here, we present a systematic review of the literature from the period 2010–2016 which provides information concerning new applications of lignins derived from recent research. The most promising findings are reported, including the methodologies employed and results obtained with lignins or their derivatives which may improve human health. We highlight potential applications in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, viral infections and cancer. Moreover, we report both that lignins can be used in the preparation of nanoparticles to deliver different drugs and also their use in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Naseem A, Tabasum S, Zia KM, Zuber M, Ali M, Noreen A. Lignin-derivatives based polymers, blends and composites: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:296-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kim J, Kim YS, Lee HA, Lim JY, Kim M, Kwon O, Ko HC, Kim SJ, Shin JH, Kim Y. Sasa quelpaertensisLeaf Extract Improves High Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Abnormalities and Regulation of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Rats. J Med Food 2014; 17:571-81. [PMID: 24738745 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Lim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Chul Ko
- Jeju Sasa Industry Development Agency, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju, Korea
| | - Se-Jae Kim
- Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Kyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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