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Ribasés M, Mitjans M, Hartman CA, Soler Artigas M, Demontis D, Larsson H, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Kuntsi J, Faraone SV, Børglum AD, Reif A, Franke B, Cormand B. Genetic architecture of ADHD and overlap with other psychiatric disorders and cognition-related phenotypes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105313. [PMID: 37451654 PMCID: PMC10789879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-occurs with many other psychiatric disorders and traits. In this review, we summarize and interpret the existing literature on the genetic architecture of these comorbidities based on hypothesis-generating approaches. Quantitative genetic studies indicate that genetic factors play a substantial role in the observed co-occurrence of ADHD with many different disorders and traits. Molecular genetic correlations derived from genome-wide association studies and results of studies based on polygenic risk scores confirm the general pattern but provide effect estimates that are smaller than those from twin studies. The identification of the specific genetic variants and biological pathways underlying co-occurrence using genome-wide approaches is still in its infancy. The first analyses of causal inference using genetic data support causal relationships between ADHD and comorbid disorders, although bidirectional effects identified in some instances point to complex relationships. While several issues in the methodology and inferences from the results are still to be overcome, this review shows that the co-occurrence of ADHD with many psychiatric disorders and traits is genetically interpretable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ribasés
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Soler Artigas
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine/Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - H Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - S V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - A D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine/Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B Franke
- Departments of Cognitive Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - B Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Mitjans M, Marics L, Bilbao M, Maddaleno AS, Piñero JJ, Vinardell MP. Size Matters? A Comprehensive In Vitro Study of the Impact of Particle Size on the Toxicity of ZnO. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13111800. [PMID: 37299703 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a comparative in vitro study of the toxicity behavior of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and micro-sized particles. The study aimed to understand the impact of particle size on ZnO toxicity by characterizing the particles in different media, including cell culture media, human plasma, and protein solutions (bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen). The particles and their interactions with proteins were characterized in the study using a variety of methods, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Hemolytic activity, coagulation time, and cell viability assays were used to assess ZnO toxicity. The results highlight the complex interactions between ZnO NPs and biological systems, including their aggregation behavior, hemolytic activity, protein corona formation, coagulation effects, and cytotoxicity. Additionally, the study indicates that ZnO nanoparticles are not more toxic than micro-sized particles, and the 50 nm particle results were, in general, the least toxic. Furthermore, the study found that, at low concentrations, no acute toxicity was observed. Overall, this study provides important insights into the toxicity behavior of ZnO particles and highlights that no direct relationship between nanometer size and toxicity can be directly attributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Mitjans
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Marics
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Bilbao
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana S Maddaleno
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Piñero
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pilar Vinardell
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Farràs A, Mitjans M, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Vinardell MP, López V. Exploring wild Aspleniaceae ferns as safety sources of polyphenols: The case of Asplenium trichomanes L. and Ceterach officinarum Willd. Front Nutr 2022; 9:994215. [PMID: 36172521 PMCID: PMC9511145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.994215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The forest ecosystem is a source of material resources used since ancient times by mankind. Ferns are part of different oriental systems of traditional medicine due to the phytochemical variety of their fronds, which have allowed their traditional use to be validated through ethnopharmacological studies. In Europe, different cultures have used the same fern with a wide variety of applications due to its presence in most European forests. In recent years, studies on the phytocharacterization and biological activity of the fronds of the main European ferns have been published. In this study, the presence of polyphenolic phytochemicals has been evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in the fronds of two wild ferns together with in vitro activities in non-tumoral and human tumoral cell lines. The polyphenols were extracted from Asplenium trichomanes L. and Ceterach officinarum Willd. by cold maceration using methanol. The main phytochemicals of polyphenolic origin in the extracts of A. trichomanes and C. officinarum determined by HPLC-MS/MS were the flavonol hyperoside and the phenolic acid chlorogenic acid, respectively. This different polyphenolic nature of both extracts contributes to the divergence of the behavior experienced in the biological activities tested, but none of the extracts showed a cytotoxic or phototoxic profile in the different tested cell lines. However, the cytoprotective values in front of the H2O2 oxidative stress induced in the 3T3 and HaCaT cell lines position these extracts as possible candidates for future health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Farràs
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - María Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- *Correspondence: Víctor López,
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Vinardell MP, Maddaleno AS, Mitjans M. Melanogenesis and Hypopigmentation: The Case of Vitiligo. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:524-530. [PMID: 36865864 PMCID: PMC9971791 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_1067_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are highly specialized dendritic cells that synthesize and store melanin in subcellular organelles called melanosomes, before transfer to keratinocytes. Melanin is a complex pigment that provides colour and photoprotection to the skin, hair and eyes. The process of synthesis of melanin is called melanogenesis and is regulated by various mechanisms and factors such as genetic, environmental and endocrine factors. The knowledge of the pigmentation process is important to understand hypopigmentation disorders such as vitiligo and also to design adequate treatments. In the present work, we review the signalling pathways involved in vitiligo. Finally, current therapies and treatments including topical, oral and phototherapies are discussed and described, emphasizing future therapies based on different pigmentation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pilar Vinardell
- From the Department Biochemistry and Physiology of the Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Mitjans
- From the Department Biochemistry and Physiology of the Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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Macedo LB, Nogueira-Librelotto DR, Mathes D, de Vargas JM, da Rosa RM, Rodrigues OED, Vinardell MP, Mitjans M, Rolim CMB. Overcoming MDR by Associating Doxorubicin and pH-Sensitive PLGA Nanoparticles Containing a Novel Organoselenium Compound-An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:80. [PMID: 35056975 PMCID: PMC8779681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) as an effective carrier for 5'-Se-(phenyl)-3-(amino)-thymidine (ACAT-Se), an organoselenium compound, nucleoside analogue that showed promising antitumor activity in vitro. The PLGA NPs were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and modified with a pH-responsive lysine-based surfactant (77KL). The ACAT-Se-PLGA-77KL-NPs presented nanometric size (around 120 nm), polydispersity index values < 0.20 and negative zeta potential values. The nanoencapsulation of ACAT-Se increased its antioxidant (DPPH and ABTS assays) and antitumor activity in MCF-7 tumor cells. Hemolysis study indicated that ACAT-Se-PLGA-77KL-NPs are hemocompatible and that 77KL provided a pH-sensitive membranolytic behavior to the NPs. The NPs did not induce cytotoxic effects on the nontumor cell line 3T3, suggesting its selectivity for the tumor cells. Moreover, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of NPs was evaluated in association with the antitumor drug doxorubicin. This combination result in synergistic effect in sensitive (MCF-7) and resistant (NCI/ADR-RES) tumor cells, being especially able to successfully sensitize the MDR cells. The obtained results suggested that the proposed ACAT-Se-loaded NPs are a promising delivery system for cancer therapy, especially associated with doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Bueno Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (L.B.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.B.R.)
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Daniele Rubert Nogueira-Librelotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (L.B.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.B.R.)
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Daniela Mathes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (L.B.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.B.R.)
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Josiele Melo de Vargas
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Raquel Mello da Rosa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (R.M.d.R.); (O.E.D.R.)
| | - Oscar Endrigo Dorneles Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (R.M.d.R.); (O.E.D.R.)
| | - Maria Pilar Vinardell
- Departament de Bioquimica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l’Alimentaciò, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Nanocience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 465, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Departament de Bioquimica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l’Alimentaciò, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Nanocience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 465, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clarice Madalena Bueno Rolim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (L.B.M.); (D.M.); (C.M.B.R.)
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
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Farràs A, Mitjans M, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Vinardell MP, López V. Polypodium vulgare L. ( Polypodiaceae) as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Polyphenolic Profile, Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotective Properties in Different Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:727528. [PMID: 34603041 PMCID: PMC8482143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.727528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pteridophytes, represented by ferns and allies, are an important phytogenetic bridge between lower and higher plants. Ferns have evolved independently of any other species in the plant kingdom being its secondary metabolism a reservoir of phytochemicals characteristic of this taxon. The study of the potential uses of Polypodium vulgare L. (Polypodiaceae) as medicinal plant has increased in recent years particularly when in 2008 the European Medicines Agency published a monograph about the rhizome of this species. Our objective is to provide scientific knowledge on the polar constituents extracted from the fronds of P. vulgare, one of the main ferns of European distribution, to contribute to the validation of certain traditional uses. Specifically, we have characterized the methanolic extract of P. vulgare fronds (PVM) by HPLC-DAD and investigated its potential cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, ROS production and protective effects against oxidative stress by using in vitro methods. The 3T3, HaCaT, HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7 and A549 were the cell lines used to evaluate the possible cytotoxic behaviour of the PVM. HPLC-DAD was utilized to validate the polyphenolic profile of the extract. H2O2 and UVA were the prooxidant agents to induce oxidative stress by different conditions in 3T3 and HaCaT cell lines. Antioxidant activity of in vitro PVM in 3T3 and HaCaT cell lines was evaluated by ROS assay. Our results demonstrate that PVM contains significant amounts of shikimic acid together with caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids such as epicatechin and catechin; PVM is not cytotoxic at physiological concentrations against the different cell lines, showing cytoprotective and cellular repair activity in 3T3 fibroblast cells. This biological activity could be attributed to the high content of polyphenolic compounds. The fronds of the P. vulgare are a source of polyphenolic compounds, which can be responsible for certain traditional uses like wound healing properties. In the present work, fronds of the common polypody are positioned as a candidate for pharmaceutical applications based on traditional medicine uses but also as potential food ingredients due to lack of toxicity at physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Farràs
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - María Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Scheeren LE, Nogueira-Librelotto DR, Mathes D, Pillat MM, Macedo LB, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Rolim CMB. Multifunctional PLGA nanoparticles combining transferrin-targetability and pH-stimuli sensitivity enhanced doxorubicin intracellular delivery and in vitro antineoplastic activity in MDR tumor cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105192. [PMID: 33984456 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery aims to enhance cellular uptake and improve therapeutic outcome with higher disease specificity. The expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) is upregulated on tumor cells, which make the protein Tf and its receptor vastly relevant when applied to targeting strategies. Here, we proposed Tf-decorated pH-sensitive PLGA nanoparticles containing the chemosensitizer poloxamer as a carrier for doxorubicin delivery to tumor cells (Tf-DOX-PLGA-NPs), aiming at alleviating multidrug resistance (MDR). We performed a range of in vitro studies to assess whether targeted NPs have the ability to improve DOX antitumor potential on resistant NCI/ADR-RES cells. All evaluations of the Tf-decorated NPs were performed comparatively to the nontargeted counterparts, aiming to evidence the real role of NP surface functionalization, along with the benefits of pH-sensitivity and poloxamer, in the improvement of antiproliferative activity and reversal of MDR. Tf-DOX-PLGA-NPs induced higher number of apoptotic events and ROS generation, along with cell cycle arrest. Moreover, they were efficiently internalized by NCI/ADR-RES cells, increasing DOX intracellular accumulation, which supports the greater cell killing ability of these targeted NPs with respect to MDR cells. Altogether, these findings supported the effectiveness of the Tf-surface modification of DOX-PLGA-NPs for an improved antiproliferative activity. Therefore, our pH-responsive Tf-inspired NPs are a promising smart drug delivery system to overcome MDR effect at some extent, enhancing the efficacy of DOX antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís E Scheeren
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele R Nogueira-Librelotto
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Mathes
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Micheli M Pillat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Macedo
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Departament de Bioquimica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pilar Vinardell
- Departament de Bioquimica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clarice M B Rolim
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Dalcin AJF, Roggia I, Felin S, Vizzotto BS, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Schuch AP, Ourique AF, Gomes P. UVB photoprotective capacity of hydrogels containing dihydromyricetin nanocapsules to UV-induced DNA damage. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111431. [PMID: 33142255 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the effect of cationic nanocapsules containing dihydromyricetin (DMY) flavonoid for safe topical use in photoprotection against UV-induced DNA damage. The stability was investigated for feasibility to produce hydrogels containing cationic nanocapsules of the flavonoid DMY (NC-DMY) for 90 days under three different storage conditions (4 ± 2 °C, 25 ± 2 °C, and 40 ± 2 °C), as well as evaluation of skin permeation and its cytotoxicity in skin cell lines. The physicochemical and rheological characteristics were maintained during the analysis period under the different aforementioned conditions. However, at 25 °C and 40 °C, the formulations indicated yellowish coloration and DMY content reduction. Therefore, the ideal storage condition of 4 °C was adopted. DMY remained in the stratum corneum and the uppermost layers of the skin. Regarding safety, all formulations demonstrated to be safe for topical application. NC-DMY exhibited a 50% Solar Protection Factor (SPF-DNA) against DNA damage caused by UVB radiation and demonstrated 99.9% protection against DNA lesion induction. These findings establish a promising formulation containing nanoencapsulated DMY flavonoids with a photoprotective and antioxidant potential of eliminating reactive oxygen species formed by solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Júlia F Dalcin
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil; Nanosciences Post-Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Roggia
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil; Nanosciences Post-Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Felin
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Bruno S Vizzotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | | | | | - André P Schuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Aline F Ourique
- Nanosciences Post-Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes
- Nanosciences Post-Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Segura AG, Mitjans M, Fatjó-Vilas M, Garcia-Portilla MP, Garcia-Alvarez L, Sarramea F, Bobes-Bascaran T, de la Fuente-Tomás L, Velasco Iglesias A, Martínez-Cao C, González-Blanco L, Dal Santo F, Elizagarate E, Saiz PA, Fañanás L, Bobes J, Arias B. Smoking cessation improves clinical outcome in severe mental disorders and is modulated by genetic variability at CHRNA5 gene. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:516-519. [PMID: 32553632 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Segura
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Av. Jordà, 8, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M P Garcia-Portilla
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - L Garcia-Alvarez
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - F Sarramea
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - T Bobes-Bascaran
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - L de la Fuente-Tomás
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Velasco Iglesias
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - L González-Blanco
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - F Dal Santo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Elizagarate
- Hospital Psiquiátrico de Álava, Araba kalea, 43, 01007, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - P A Saiz
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - L Fañanás
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, c/ Julián Claveria s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.; Mental Health Services of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Plaza del Carbayón, 1, 33001 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Plaza Feijóo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Arias
- Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Scheeren LE, Nogueira-Librelotto DR, Macedo LB, de Vargas JM, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Rolim CMB. Transferrin-conjugated doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with pH-responsive behavior: a synergistic approach for cancer therapy. J Nanopart Res 2020; 22:72. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-020-04798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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11
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Segura AG, Mitjans M, Jiménez E, Fatjó-Vilas M, Ruiz V, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, González-Blanco L, Bobes J, Vieta E, Benabarre A, Arias B. Association of childhood trauma and genetic variability of CRH-BP and FKBP5 genes with suicidal behavior in bipolar patients. J Affect Disord 2019; 255:15-22. [PMID: 31195252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 8% of bipolar disorder (BD) patients die by suicide every year, accounting for the highest rate among the psychiatric population. Suicidal behavior (SB) is mediated by an intertwining system of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Childhood trauma (CT) and gene variants of the stress-management hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been reported as risk factors for SB. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association of CT and HPA axis genetic variants with SB. METHODS 135 BD patients were recruited for clinical assessment of CT and SB by means of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), respectively. A total of 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 8 HPA axis genes (POMC, NR3C2, CRH-BP, NR3C1, FKBP5, CRHR2, CRHR1, and MC2R) were genotyped. RESULTS The analyses showed an association of total CTQ score (p = 0.003), emotional abuse (p = 0.001), sexual abuse (p = 0.005) and emotional neglect (p = 0.005) with SB. CRH-BP rs7728378-C carriers (p = 0.004; OR = 3.05), FKBP5 rs3777747-AA (p = 0.039; OR = 0.34) and FKBP5 rs2766533-GG genotypes (p = 0.001; OR = 2.93) were associated with SB although only rs2766533 survived multiple test correction. No gene-environment interaction was found. LIMITATIONS The relatively small sample size limits the statistical power to detect smaller environmental and genetic effects. Cross-sectional data collection in psychometric assessments can yield biased data. CONCLUSIONS The present study characterizes novel SB risk factors and replicates previous findings in BD patients. CT and variability in CRH-BP and FKBP5 genes should be further studied for a better understanding of SB and ultimately help in suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Segura
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, IBUB, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, IBUB, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, IBUB, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Ruiz
- Institut Clínic de Neurociencies, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P A Saiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M P García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - L González-Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Arias
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, IBUB, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Marcolino AIP, Macedo LB, Nogueira-Librelotto DR, Vinardell MP, Rolim CMB, Mitjans M. Comparative evaluation of the hepatotoxicity, phototoxicity and photosensitizing potential of dronedarone hydrochloride and its cyclodextrin-based inclusion complexes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1565-1575. [PMID: 31037283 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the hepatotoxicity, phototoxicity and photosensitizing potential of free dronedarone (DRO) and its inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), prepared by different methods, were investigated by using in vitro cell-based approaches. The results of the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay showed that free DRO and the CD-based inclusion complexes did not present any substantial phototoxic potential. The photosensitizing potential was assessed by using THP-1 cells and IL-8 as a biomarker, and the experimental data confirmed that both the free drug and the inclusion complexes are likely to cause skin photosensitization, as they were able to induce IL-8 release after irradiation. Nevertheless, the inclusion complexes obtained by kneading followed by spray-drying induced a lower IL-8 release and also presented a smaller stimulation index in comparison with free DRO, suggesting a reduction in the photosensitizing potential. Finally, the free drug and inclusion complexes were also tested for hepatotoxicity using HepG2 cells. Even though lower IC50 values were found for the inclusion complexes prepared by kneading followed by spray-drying, there was no significant difference, indicating that the complexation of dronedarone did not induce hepatotoxicity. Overall, the obtained data confirmed that the inclusion complexes prepared by kneading followed by spray-drying, especially those based on HP-β-CD, appeared to be the most promising formulations and, therefore, could be encouragingly explored in the development of novel pharmaceutical dosage forms containing DRO, presumably with reduced side effects and improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isa Pedroso Marcolino
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Plans L, Barrot C, Nieto E, Rios J, Schulze TG, Papiol S, Mitjans M, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Association between completed suicide and bipolar disorder: A systematic review of the literature. J Affect Disord 2019; 242:111-122. [PMID: 30173059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Completed suicide is a major cause of death in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to provide an overall review of the existing literature of completed suicide in BD patients, including clinical and genetic data DATA SOURCES: We performed a systematic review of English and non-English articles published on MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane database (1970-2017). Additional studies were identified by contacting clinical experts, searching bibliographies, major textbooks and website of World Health Organization. Initially we did a broad search for the association of bipolar disorder and suicide and we were narrowing the search in terms included "bipolar disorder" and "completed suicide". STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria were articles about completed suicide in patients with BD. Articles exclusively focusing on suicide attempts and suicidal behaviour have been excluded. We used PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) consensus for drafting this systematic review. RESULTS The initial search generated 2806 articles and a total of 61 meeting our inclusion criteria. We reviewed epidemiological data, genetic factors, risk factors and treatment of completed suicide in BD. Suicide rates in BD vary between studies but our analyses show that they are approximately 20-30-fold greater than in general population. The highest risk of successful suicide was observed in BD-II subjects. The heritability of completed suicide is about 40% and some genes related to major neurotransmitter systems have been associated with suicide. Lithium is the only treatment that has shown anti-suicide potential. LIMITATIONS The most important limitation of the present review is the limited existing literature on completed suicide in BD. CONCLUSIONS BD patients are at high risk for suicide. It is possible to identify some factors related to completed suicide, such as early onset, family history of suicide among first-degree relatives, previous attempted suicides, comorbidities and treatment. However it is necessary to promote research on this serious health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Plans
- Mental Health Division of Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Barrot
- Forensic Genetic Laboratori, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Nieto
- Mental Health Division of Althaia, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rios
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Laboratório de Bioestatística e Epidemiologia, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Bioestadística y Plataforma de Gestión de Datos, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - S Papiol
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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14
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Bansal V, Mitjans M, Burik CAP, Linnér RK, Okbay A, Rietveld CA, Begemann M, Bonn S, Ripke S, de Vlaming R, Nivard MG, Ehrenreich H, Koellinger PD. Genome-wide association study results for educational attainment aid in identifying genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3078. [PMID: 30082721 PMCID: PMC6079028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher educational attainment (EA) is negatively associated with schizophrenia (SZ). However, recent studies found a positive genetic correlation between EA and SZ. We investigate possible causes of this counterintuitive finding using genome-wide association study results for EA and SZ (N = 443,581) and a replication cohort (1169 controls; 1067 cases) with deeply phenotyped SZ patients. We find strong genetic dependence between EA and SZ that cannot be explained by chance, linkage disequilibrium, or assortative mating. Instead, several genes seem to have pleiotropic effects on EA and SZ, but without a clear pattern of sign concordance. Using EA as a proxy phenotype, we isolate FOXO6 and SLITRK1 as novel candidate genes for SZ. Our results reveal that current SZ diagnoses aggregate over at least two disease subtypes: one part resembles high intelligence and bipolar disorder (BIP), while the other part is a cognitive disorder that is independent of BIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bansal
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group for Computational Systems Biology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Straße 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Humboldtallee 23, 30703, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C A P Burik
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R K Linnér
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Okbay
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C A Rietveld
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Bonn
- Research Group for Computational Systems Biology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Straße 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02114 MA, Boston, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 02142 MA, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - R de Vlaming
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Humboldtallee 23, 30703, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P D Koellinger
- Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 B-631, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
- School of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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15
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Jiménez E, Solé B, Arias B, Mitjans M, Varo C, Reinares M, Bonnín CM, Salagre E, Ruíz V, Torres I, Tomioka Y, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Burón P, Bobes J, Martínez-Arán A, Torrent C, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Characterizing decision-making and reward processing in bipolar disorder: A cluster analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:863-874. [PMID: 29807846 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of abnormalities in emotional decision-making and reward processing among bipolar patients (BP) has been well rehearsed. These disturbances are not limited to acute phases and are common even during remission. In recent years, the existence of discrete cognitive profiles in this psychiatric population has been replicated. However, emotional decision making and reward processing domains have barely been studied. Therefore, our aim was to explore the existence of different profiles on the aforementioned cognitive dimensions in BP. The sample consisted of 126 euthymic BP. Main sociodemographic, clinical, functioning, and neurocognitive variables were gathered. A hierarchical-clustering technique was used to identify discrete neurocognitive profiles based on the performance in the Iowa Gambling Task. Afterward, the resulting clusters were compared using ANOVA or Chi-squared Test, as appropriate. Evidence for the existence of three different profiles was provided. Cluster 1 was mainly characterized by poor decision ability. Cluster 2 presented the lowest sensitivity to punishment. Finally, cluster 3 presented the best decision-making ability and the highest levels of punishment sensitivity. Comparison between the three clusters indicated that cluster 2 was the most functionally impaired group. The poorest outcomes in attention, executive function domains, and social cognition were also observed within the same group. In conclusion, similarly to that observed in "cold cognitive" domains, our results suggest the existence of three discrete cognitive profiles concerning emotional decision making and reward processing. Amongst all the indexes explored, low punishment sensitivity emerge as a potential correlate of poorer cognitive and functional outcomes in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Solé
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Arias
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Varo
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Reinares
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C M Bonnín
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Salagre
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Ruíz
- Institut Clinic de Neurociencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Torres
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Y Tomioka
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M P García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - P Burón
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Arán
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Torrent
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Bustelo M, Pinazo A, Manresa M, Mitjans M, Vinardell M, Pérez L. Monocatenary histidine-based surfactants: Role of the alkyl chain length in antimicrobial activity and their selectivity over red blood cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Mitjans M, Begemann M, Ju A, Dere E, Wüstefeld L, Hofer S, Hassouna I, Balkenhol J, Oliveira B, van der Auwera S, Tammer R, Hammerschmidt K, Völzke H, Homuth G, Cecconi F, Chowdhury K, Grabe H, Frahm J, Boretius S, Dandekar T, Ehrenreich H. Sexual dimorphism of AMBRA1-related autistic features in human and mouse. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1247. [PMID: 28994820 PMCID: PMC5682605 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambra1 is linked to autophagy and neurodevelopment. Heterozygous Ambra1 deficiency induces autism-like behavior in a sexually dimorphic manner. Extraordinarily, autistic features are seen in female mice only, combined with stronger Ambra1 protein reduction in brain compared to males. However, significance of AMBRA1 for autistic phenotypes in humans and, apart from behavior, for other autism-typical features, namely early brain enlargement or increased seizure propensity, has remained unexplored. Here we show in two independent human samples that a single normal AMBRA1 genotype, the intronic SNP rs3802890-AA, is associated with autistic features in women, who also display lower AMBRA1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells relative to female GG carriers. Located within a non-coding RNA, likely relevant for mRNA and protein interaction, rs3802890 (A versus G allele) may affect its stability through modification of folding, as predicted by in silico analysis. Searching for further autism-relevant characteristics in Ambra1+/- mice, we observe reduced interest of female but not male mutants regarding pheromone signals of the respective other gender in the social intellicage set-up. Moreover, altered pentylentetrazol-induced seizure propensity, an in vivo readout of neuronal excitation-inhibition dysbalance, becomes obvious exclusively in female mutants. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals mild prepubertal brain enlargement in both genders, uncoupling enhanced brain dimensions from the primarily female expression of all other autistic phenotypes investigated here. These data support a role of AMBRA1/Ambra1 partial loss-of-function genotypes for female autistic traits. Moreover, they suggest Ambra1 heterozygous mice as a novel multifaceted and construct-valid genetic mouse model for female autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitjans
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, UMG, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Ju
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Dere
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Wüstefeld
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Hofer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - I Hassouna
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Balkenhol
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Tammer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Hammerschmidt
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Cecconi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia and Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Boretius
- Department of Functional Imaging, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute of Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany,Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany. E-mail:
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18
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Vinardell MP, Mitjans M. Lignins and Their Derivatives with Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061219. [PMID: 28590454 PMCID: PMC5486042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the pharmacological applications of lignins provides evidence of their protective role against the development of different diseases. In many cases, the effects of lignins could be explained by their antioxidant capacity. Here, we present a systematic review of the literature from the period 2010–2016 which provides information concerning new applications of lignins derived from recent research. The most promising findings are reported, including the methodologies employed and results obtained with lignins or their derivatives which may improve human health. We highlight potential applications in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, viral infections and cancer. Moreover, we report both that lignins can be used in the preparation of nanoparticles to deliver different drugs and also their use in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Nogueira-Librelotto DR, Scheeren LE, Vinardell MP, Mitjans M, Rolim CM. Chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles functionalized with a pH-responsive amphiphile improved the in vitro antineoplastic effects of doxorubicin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:326-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Jiménez E, Arias B, Mitjans M, Goikolea JM, Ruíz V, Brat M, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Burón P, Bobes J, Oquendo MA, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Clinical features, impulsivity, temperament and functioning and their role in suicidality in patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:266-76. [PMID: 26726104 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyse sociodemographic and clinical differences between non-suicidal (NS) bipolar patients (BP), BP reporting only suicidal ideation (SI) and BP suicide attempters according to Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SRSS) criteria. Secondarily, we also investigated whether the C-SRSS Intensity Scale was associated with emergence of suicidal behaviour (SB). METHOD A total of 215 euthymic bipolar out-patients were recruited. Semistructured interviews including the C-SRSS were used to assess sociodemographic and clinical data. Patients were grouped according to C-SRSS criteria: patients who scored ≤1 on the Severity Scale were classified as NS. The remaining patients were grouped into two groups: 'patients with history of SI' and 'patients with history of SI and SB' according to whether they did or did not have a past actual suicide attempt respectively. RESULTS Patients from the three groups differed in illness onset, diagnosis, number of episodes and admissions, family history, comorbidities, rapid cycling and medication, as well as level of education, functioning, impulsivity and temperamental profile. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increased impulsivity, higher rates of psychiatric admissions and a reported poor controllability of SI significantly increased the risk for suicidal acts among patients presenting SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Arias
- Anthropology Section, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Anthropology Section, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, IBUB, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Ruíz
- Institut Clinic de Neurociencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Brat
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P A Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M P García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - P Burón
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, INEUROPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - M A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Vieta
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Benabarre
- Bipolar Disorder Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Baccarin T, Mitjans M, Ramos D, Lemos-Senna E, Vinardell MP. Photoprotection by Punica granatum seed oil nanoemulsion entrapping polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction against UVB-induced DNA damage in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell line. J Photochem Photobiol B 2015; 153:127-36. [PMID: 26406978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increase in the use of botanicals as skin photoprotective agents. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is well known for its high concentration of polyphenolic compounds and for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the photoprotection provided by P. granatum seed oil nanoemulsion entrapping the polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction against UVB-induced DNA damage in the keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. For this purpose, HaCaT cells were pretreated for 1h with nanoemulsions in a serum-free medium and then irradiated with UVB (90-200 mJ/cm(2)) rays. Fluorescence microscopy analysis provided information about the cellular internalization of the nanodroplets. We also determined the in vitro SPF of the nanoemulsions and evaluated their phototoxicity using the 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Test. The nanoemulsions were able to protect the cells' DNA against UVB-induced damage in a concentration dependent manner. Nanodroplets were internalized by the cells but a higher proportion was detected along the cell membrane. The SPF obtained (~25) depended on the concentration of the ethyl acetate fraction and pomegranate seed oil in the nanoemulsion. The photoprotective formulations were classified as non-phototoxic. In conclusion, nanoemulsions entrapping the polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction show potential for use as a sunscreen product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa Baccarin
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ramos
- Unidad de Toxicología y Ecotoxicología del Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elenara Lemos-Senna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maria Pilar Vinardell
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Nogueira DR, Scheeren LE, Macedo LB, Marcolino AIP, Pilar Vinardell M, Mitjans M, Rosa Infante M, Farooqi AA, Rolim CMB. Inclusion of a pH-responsive amino acid-based amphiphile in methotrexate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery strategy in cancer therapy. Amino Acids 2015; 48:157-68. [PMID: 26306845 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of antitumor drugs in nanosized systems with pH-sensitive behavior is a promising approach that may enhance the success of chemotherapy in many cancers. The nanocarrier dependence on pH might trigger an efficient delivery of the encapsulated drug both in the acidic extracellular environment of tumors and, especially, in the intracellular compartments through disruption of endosomal membrane. In this context, here we reported the preparation of chitosan-based nanoparticles encapsulating methotrexate as a model drug (MTX-CS-NPs), which comprises the incorporation of an amino acid-based amphiphile with pH-responsive properties (77KS) on the ionotropic complexation process. The presence of 77KS clearly gives a pH-sensitive behavior to NPs, which allowed accelerated release of MTX with decreasing pH as well as pH-dependent membrane-lytic activity. This latter performance demonstrates the potential of these NPs to facilitate cytosolic delivery of endocytosed materials. Outstandingly, the cytotoxicity of MTX-loaded CS-NPs was higher than free drug to MCF-7 tumor cells and, to a lesser extent, to HeLa cells. Based on the overall results, MTX-CS-NPs modified with the pH-sensitive surfactant 77KS could be potentially useful as a carrier system for intracellular drug delivery and, thus, a promising targeting anticancer chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rubert Nogueira
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Laís E Scheeren
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia B Macedo
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Isa P Marcolino
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - M Pilar Vinardell
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Infante
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y de Tensioactivos, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ammad A Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, 35 km Ferozepur Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Clarice M B Rolim
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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23
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Vinardell MP, Mitjans M. Antitumor Activities of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2015; 5:1004-1021. [PMID: 28347048 PMCID: PMC5312892 DOI: 10.3390/nano5021004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have received much attention recently due to their use in cancer therapy. Studies have shown that different metal oxide nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. In some cases, such anticancer activity has been demonstrated to hold for the nanoparticle alone or in combination with different therapies, such as photocatalytic therapy or some anticancer drugs. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been shown to have this activity alone or when loaded with an anticancer drug, such as doxorubicin. Other nanoparticles that show cytotoxic effects on cancer cells include cobalt oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide. The antitumor mechanism could work through the generation of reactive oxygen species or apoptosis and necrosis, among other possibilities. Here, we review the most significant antitumor results obtained with different metal oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Vinardell
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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24
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Fornaguera C, Calderó G, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Solans C, Vauthier C. Interactions of PLGA nanoparticles with blood components: protein adsorption, coagulation, activation of the complement system and hemolysis studies. Nanoscale 2015; 7:6045-58. [PMID: 25766431 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The intravenous administration of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles has been widely reported as a promising alternative for delivery of drugs to specific cells. However, studies on their interaction with diverse blood components using different techniques are still lacking. Therefore, in the present work, the interaction of PLGA nanoparticles with blood components was described using different complementary techniques. The influence of different encapsulated compounds/functionalizing agents on these interactions was also reported. It is worth noting that all these techniques can be simply performed, without the need for highly sophisticated apparatus or skills. Moreover, their transference to industries and application of quality control could be easily performed. Serum albumin was adsorbed onto all types of tested nanoparticles. The saturation concentration was dependent on the nanoparticle size. In contrast, fibrinogen aggregation was dependent on nanoparticle surface charge. The complement activation was also influenced by the nanoparticle functionalization; the presence of a functionalizing agent increased complement activation, while the addition of an encapsulated compound only caused a slight increase. None of the nanoparticles influenced the coagulation cascade at low concentrations. However, at high concentrations, cationized nanoparticles did activate the coagulation cascade. Interactions of nanoparticles with erythrocytes did not reveal any hemolysis. Interactions of PLGA nanoparticles with blood proteins depended both on the nanoparticle properties and the protein studied. Independent of their loading/surface functionalization, PLGA nanoparticles did not influence the coagulation cascade and did not induce hemolysis of erythrocytes; they could be defined as safe concerning induction of embolization and cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fornaguera
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia IQAC/CSIC and CIBER of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain.
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Nogueira D, Mitjans M, Vinardell M. Nanotechnology Approaches to Target Endosomal pH: A Promising Strategy for an Efficient Intracellular Drug, Gene and Protein Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2174/221030310401140410115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Papiol S, Mitjans M, Assogna F, Piras F, Hammer C, Caltagirone C, Arias B, Ehrenreich H, Spalletta G. Polygenic determinants of white matter volume derived from GWAS lack reproducibility in a replicate sample. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e362. [PMID: 24548877 PMCID: PMC3944630 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent publication reported an exciting polygenic effect of schizophrenia (SCZ) risk variants, identified by a large genome-wide association study (GWAS), on total brain and white matter volumes in schizophrenic patients and, even more prominently, in healthy subjects. The aim of the present work was to replicate and then potentially extend these findings. According to the original publication, polygenic risk scores-using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information of SCZ GWAS-(polygenic SCZ risk scores; PSS) were calculated in 122 healthy subjects, enrolled in a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. These scores were computed based on P-values and odds ratios available through the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium. In addition, polygenic white matter scores (PWM) were calculated, using the respective SNP subset in the original publication. None of the polygenic scores, either PSS or PWM, were found to be associated with total brain, white matter or gray matter volume in our replicate sample. Minor differences between the original and the present study that might have contributed to lack of reproducibility (but unlikely explain it fully), are number of subjects, ethnicity, age distribution, array technology, SNP imputation quality and MRI scanner type. In contrast to the original publication, our results do not reveal the slightest signal of association of the described sets of GWAS-identified SCZ risk variants with brain volumes in adults. Caution is indicated in interpreting studies building on polygenic risk scores without replication sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papiol
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Assogna
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, Roma, Italy
| | - F Piras
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, Roma, Italy
| | - C Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Caltagirone
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia and Tor Vergata University, Roma, Italy
| | - B Arias
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Spalletta
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratorio di Neuropsichiatria, Roma, Italy
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Botta A, Martínez V, Mitjans M, Balboa E, Conde E, Vinardell MP. Erythrocytes and cell line-based assays to evaluate the cytoprotective activity of antioxidant components obtained from natural sources. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:120-4. [PMID: 24134852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can damage cellular components including DNA, proteins or lipids, and may cause several skin diseases. To protect from this damage and addressing consumer's appeal to natural products, antioxidants obtained from algal and vegetal extracts are being proposed as antioxidants to be incorporated into formulations. Thus, the development of reliable, quick and economic in vitro methods to study the cytoactivity of these products is a meaningful requirement. A combination of erythrocyte and cell line-based assays was performed on two extracts from Sargassum muticum, one from Ulva lactuca, and one from Castanea sativa. Antioxidant properties were assessed in erythrocytes by the TBARS and AAPH assays, and cytotoxicity and antioxidant cytoprotection were assessed in HaCaT and 3T3 cells by the MTT assay. The extracts showed no antioxidant activity on the TBARS assay, whereas their antioxidant capacity in the AAPH assay was demonstrated. On the cytotoxicity assays, extracts showed low toxicity, with IC50 values higher than 200μg/mL. C. sativa extract showed the most favourable antioxidant properties on the antioxidant cytoprotection assays; while S. muticum and U. lactuca extracts showed a slight antioxidant activity. This battery of methods was useful to characterise the biological antioxidant properties of these natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Botta
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Jiménez E, Arias B, Mitjans M, Goikolea JM, Roda E, Sáiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Burón P, Bobes J, Oquendo MA, Vieta E, Benabarre A. Genetic variability at IMPA2, INPP1 and GSK3β increases the risk of suicidal behavior in bipolar patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1452-62. [PMID: 23453640 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar patients (BP) are at high risk of suicide. Causal factors underlying suicidal behavior are still unclear. However, it has been shown that lithium has antisuicidal properties. Genes involved in its putative mechanism of action such as the phosphoinositol and the Wnt/β-catenine pathways could be considered candidates for suicidal behavior (SB). Our aim was to investigate the association of the IMPA1 and 2, INPP1, GSK3α and β genes with suicidal behavior in BP. 199 BP were recruited. Polymorphisms at the IMPA1 (rs915, rs1058401 and rs2268432) and IMPA2 (rs66938, rs1020294, rs1250171 and rs630110), INPP1 (rs3791809, rs4853694 and 909270), GSK3α (rs3745233) and GSK3β (rs334558, rs1732170 and rs11921360) genes were genotyped. All patients were grouped and compared according to the presence or not of history of SB (defined as the presence of at least one previous suicidal attempt). Single SNP analyses showed that suicide attempters had higher frequencies of AA genotype of the rs669838-IMPA2 and GG genotype of the rs4853694-INPP1gene compared to non-attempters. Results also revealed that T-allele carriers of the rs1732170-GSK3β gene and A-allele carriers of the rs11921360-GSK3β gene had a higher risk for attempting suicide. Haplotype analysis showed that attempters had lower frequencies of A:A haplotype (rs4853694:rs909270) at the INPP1 gene. Higher frequencies of the C:A haplotype and lower frequencies of the A:C haplotype at the GSK-3β gene (rs1732170:rs11921360) were also found to be associated to SB in BP. Therefore, our results suggest that genetic variability at IMPA2, INPP1 and GSK3β genes is associated with the emergence of SB in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jiménez
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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González N, Ribeiro D, Fernandes E, Nogueira DR, Conde E, Moure A, Vinardell MP, Mitjans M, Domínguez H. Potential use of Cytisus scoparius extracts in topical applications for skin protection against oxidative damage. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2013; 125:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nogueira DR, del Carmen Morán M, Mitjans M, Pérez L, Ramos D, de Lapuente J, Pilar Vinardell M. Lysine-based surfactants in nanovesicle formulations: the role of cationic charge position and hydrophobicity in in vitro cytotoxicity and intracellular delivery. Nanotoxicology 2013; 8:404-21. [PMID: 23560805 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.793779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding nanomaterial interactions within cells is of increasing importance for assessing their toxicity and cellular transport. Here, the authors developed nanovesicles containing bioactive cationic lysine-based amphiphiles and assessed whether these cationic compounds increase the likelihood of intracellular delivery and modulate toxicity. Different cytotoxic responses were found among the formulations, depending on surfactant, cell line and endpoint assayed. The induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis were the general mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity. Fluorescence microscopy analysis demonstrated that nanovesicles were internalised by HeLa cells and evidenced that their ability to release endocytosed materials into cell cytoplasm depends on the structural parameters of amphiphiles. The cationic charge position and hydrophobicity of surfactants determine the nanovesicle interactions within the cell and, thus, the resulting toxicity and intracellular behaviour after cell uptake of the nanomaterial. The insights into some toxicity mechanisms of these new nanomaterials contribute in reducing the uncertainty surrounding their potential health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rubert Nogueira
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Corsini E, Galbiati V, Mitjans M, Galli CL, Marinovich M. NCTC 2544 and IL-18 production: A tool for the identification of contact allergens. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nogueira DR, Tavano L, Mitjans M, Pérez L, Infante MR, Vinardell MP. In vitro antitumor activity of methotrexate via pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2758-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Galbiati V, Martínez V, Bianchi S, Mitjans M, Corsini E. Establishment of an in vitro photoallergy test using NCTC2544 cells and IL-18 production. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Paim CS, Nogueira DR, Mitjans M, Ramos Lopez D, de Lapuente Perez J, Steppe M, Schapoval EES, Vinardell MP. Biological safety studies of gemifloxacin mesylate and related substances. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:805-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp25369d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nogueira DR, Mitjans M, Busquets MA, Pérez L, Vinardell MP. Phospholipid bilayer-perturbing properties underlying lysis induced by pH-sensitive cationic lysine-based surfactants in biomembranes. Langmuir 2012; 28:11687-11698. [PMID: 22816661 DOI: 10.1021/la300626y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid-based surfactants constitute an important class of natural surface-active biomolecules with an unpredictable number of industrial applications. To gain a better mechanistic understanding of surfactant-induced membrane destabilization, we assessed the phospholipid bilayer-perturbing properties of new cationic lysine-based surfactants. We used erythrocytes as biomembrane models to study the hemolytic activity of surfactants and their effects on cells' osmotic resistance and morphology, as well as on membrane fluidity and membrane protein profile with varying pH. The antihemolytic capacity of amphiphiles correlated negatively with the length of the alkyl chain. Anisotropy measurements showed that the pH-sensitive surfactants, with the positive charge on the α-amino group of lysine, significantly increased membrane fluidity at acidic conditions. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that surfactants induced significant degradation of membrane proteins in hypo-osmotic medium and at pH 5.4. By scanning electron microscopy examinations, we corroborated the interaction of surfactants with lipid bilayer. We found that varying the surfactant chemical structure is a way to modulate the positioning of the molecule inside bilayer and, thus, the overall effect on the membrane. Our work showed that pH-sensitive lysine-based surfactants significantly disturb the lipid bilayer of biomembranes especially at acidic conditions, which suggests that these compounds are promising as a new class of multifunctional bioactive excipients for active intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rubert Nogueira
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Martínez V, Ugartondo V, Vinardell MP, Torres JL, Mitjans M. Grape epicatechin conjugates prevent erythrocyte membrane protein oxidation. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:4090-4095. [PMID: 22480260 DOI: 10.1021/jf2051784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Epicatechin conjugates obtained from grape have shown antioxidant activity in various systems. However, how these conjugates exert their antioxidant benefits has not been widely studied. We assessed the activity of epicatechin and epicatechin conjugates on the erythrocyte membrane in the presence and absence of a peroxyl radical initiator, to increase our understanding of their mechanisms. Thus, we studied cell membrane fluidity by fluorescence anisotropy measurements, morphology of erythrocytes by scanning electron microscopy, and finally, red cell membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our data showed that incubation of red cells in the presence of epicatechin derivatives altered membrane fluidity and erythrocyte morphology but not the membrane protein pattern. The presence in the medium of the peroxyl radical initiator 2,2'-azobis(amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) resulted in membrane disruptions at all levels analyzed, causing changes in membrane fluidity, cell morphology, and protein degradation. The presence of antioxidants avoided protein oxidation, indicating that the interaction of epicatechin conjugates with the lipid bilayer might reduce the accessibility of AAPH to membranes, which could explain in part the inhibitory ability of these compounds against hemolysis induced by peroxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Martínez
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Colomer A, Pinazo A, García MT, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Infante MR, Martínez V, Pérez L. pH-Sensitive surfactants from lysine: assessment of their cytotoxicity and environmental behavior. Langmuir 2012; 28:5900-5912. [PMID: 22428847 DOI: 10.1021/la203974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity and environmental behavior of new pH-sensitive surfactants from lysine are presented. Three different chemical structures are studied: surfactants with one amino acid and one alkyl chain, surfactants with two amino acids on the polar head and one alkyl chain, and gemini surfactants. The pH sensitivity of these compounds can be tuned by modifying their chemical structures. Cytotoxicity has been evaluated using erythrocytes and fibroblast cells. The toxic effects against these cells depend on the hydrophobicity of the molecules as well as their cationic charge density. The effect of hydrophobicity and cationic charge density on toxicity is different for each type of cells. For erythrocytes, the toxicity increases as hydrophobicity and charge density increases. Nevertheless, for fibroblasts cationic charge density affects cytotoxicity in the opposite way: the higher charge density, the lower the toxicity. The effect of the pH on hemolysis has been evaluated in detail. The aquatic toxicity was established using Daphnia magna . All surfactants yielded EC(50) values considerably higher than that reported for cationic surfactants based on quaternary ammonium groups. Finally, their biodegradability was evaluated using the CO(2) headspace test (ISO 14593). These lysine derivatives showed high levels of biodegradation under aerobic conditions and can be classified as "readily biodegradable compounds".
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Colomer
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y de Tensioactivos, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Galbiati V, Carne A, Mitjans M, Galli CL, Marinovich M, Corsini E. Isoeugenol destabilizes IL-8 mRNA expression in THP-1 cells through induction of the negative regulator of mRNA stability tristetraprolin. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:239-48. [PMID: 21969073 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated in the human promyelocytic cell line THP-1 that all allergens tested, with the exception of the prohapten isoeugenol, induced a dose-related release of interleukin-8 (IL-8). In the present study, we investigated whether this abnormal behavior was regulated by the AU-rich element-binding proteins HuR and tristetraprolin (TTP) or by the downstream molecule suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3. The contact allergens isoeugenol, diethylmaleate (DEM), and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and the irritant salicylic acid were used as reference compounds. Chemicals were used at concentrations that induced a 20% decrease in cell viability as assessed by propidium iodide staining, namely 100 μg/ml (0.61 mM) for isoeugenol, 100 μg/ml (0.58 mM) for DEM, 3 μg/ml (14.8 μM) for DNCB, and 250 μg/ml (1.81 mM) for salicylic acid. Time course experiments of IL-8 mRNA expression and assessment of IL-8 mRNA half-life, indicated a decreased IL-8 mRNA stability in isoeugenol-treated cells. We could demonstrate that a combination and regulation of HuR and TTP following exposure to contact allergens resulted in a different modulation of IL-8 mRNA half-life and release. The increased expression of TTP in THP-1 cells treated with isoeugenol results in destabilization of the IL-8 mRNA, which can account for the lack of IL-8 release. In contrast, the strong allergen DNCB failing to up-regulate TTP, while inducing HuR, resulted in longer IL-8 mRNA half-life and protein release. SOCS-3 was induced only in isoeugenol-treated cells; however, its modulation did not rescue the lack of IL-8 release, indicating that it is unlikely to be involved in the lack of IL-8 production. Finally, the destabilization effect of isoeugenol on IL-8 mRNA expression together with SOCS-3 expression resulted in an anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated by the ability of isoeugenol to modulate LPS or ionomycin-induced cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Galbiati
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Nogueira DR, Mitjans M, Infante MR, Vinardell MP. Comparative sensitivity of tumor and non-tumor cell lines as a reliable approach for in vitro cytotoxicity screening of lysine-based surfactants with potential pharmaceutical applications. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:51-8. [PMID: 21871545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants are used as additives in topical pharmaceuticals and drug delivery systems. The biocompatibility of amino acid-based surfactants makes them highly suitable for use in these fields, but tests are needed to evaluate their potential toxicity. Here we addressed the sensitivity of tumor (HeLa, MCF-7) and non-tumor (3T3, 3T6, HaCaT, NCTC 2544) cell lines to the toxic effects of lysine-based surfactants by means of two in vitro endpoints (MTT and NRU). This comparative assay may serve as a reliable approach for predictive toxicity screening of chemicals prior to pharmaceutical applications. After 24-h of cell exposure to surfactants, differing toxic responses were observed. NCTC 2544 and 3T6 cell lines were the most sensitive, while both tumor cells and 3T3 fibroblasts were more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of surfactants. IC(50)-values revealed that cytotoxicity was detected earlier by MTT assay than by NRU assay, regardless of the compound or cell line. The overall results showed that surfactants with organic counterions were less cytotoxic than those with inorganic counterions. Our findings highlight the relevance of the correct choice and combination of cell lines and bioassays in toxicity studies for a safe and reliable screen of chemicals with potential interest in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rubert Nogueira
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Nogueira D, Mitjans M, Pérez L, Vinardell M. Membrane perturbing properties of biocompatible cationic lysine-based surfactants. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Galbiati V, Mitjans M, Marinovich M, Galli C, Corsini E. Further development of the NCTC2544 IL-18 assay to identify in vitro contact allergens. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Martínez V, Galbiati V, Vinardell M, Corsini E, Mitjans M. Establishment of an in vitro photoassay test using THP-1 cells and IL-8 to discriminate photoirritants from photoallergens. Toxicol Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nogueira DR, Mitjans M, Infante MR, Vinardell MP. The role of counterions in the membrane-disruptive properties of pH-sensitive lysine-based surfactants. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2846-56. [PMID: 21421083 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants are among the most versatile and widely used excipients in pharmaceuticals. This versatility, together with their pH-responsive membrane-disruptive activity and low toxicity, could also enable their potential application in drug delivery systems. Five anionic lysine-based surfactants which differ in the nature of their counterion were studied. Their capacity to disrupt the cell membrane was examined under a range of pH values, concentrations and incubation times, using a standard hemolysis assay as a model for endosomal membranes. The surfactants showed pH-sensitive hemolytic activity and improved kinetics at the endosomal pH range. Low concentrations resulted in negligible hemolysis at physiological pH and high membrane lytic activity at pH 5.4, which is in the range characteristic of late endosomes. With increasing concentration, the surfactants showed an enhanced capacity to lyse cell membranes, and also caused significant membrane disruption at physiological pH. This observation indicates that, at high concentrations, surfactant behavior is independent of pH. The mechanism of surfactant-mediated membrane destabilization was addressed, and scanning electron microscopy studies were also performed to evaluate the effects of the compounds on erythrocyte morphology as a function of pH. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the surfactants was assessed by MTT and NRU assays with the 3T3 cell line. The influence of different types of counterion on hemolytic activity and the potential applications of these surfactants in drug delivery are discussed. The possibility of using pH-sensitive surfactants for endosome disruption could hold great promise for intracellular drug delivery systems in future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Nogueira
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Mitjans M, Ugartondo V, Martínez V, Touriño S, Torres JL, Vinardell MP. Role of galloylation and polymerization in cytoprotective effects of polyphenolic fractions against hydrogen peroxide insult. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:2113-2119. [PMID: 21294572 DOI: 10.1021/jf1025532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Byproducts and wastes generated by agricultural, food, and forestry industries contain large amounts of polyphenols, which can be potentially used as sources of natural or semisynthetic antioxidants. This study examined and compared the protection against peroxidative damage induced in erythrocytes and 3T3 cell line of polyphenolic fractions from white grape pomace, pine bark, and witch hazel bark. The work pays special attention to the different degrees of polymerization and galloylation of the extracts to contribute to the understanding of their mechanisms of action. Fractions demonstrated different protections against erythrocyte lipid peroxidation, hemolysis, and 3T3 cytotoxicity caused by H(2)O(2). Galloylation is claimed to be related to antioxidant protective capacity, and it is also responsible for the pro-oxidant effect observed at high doses. The results show that not only the percentage of galloylation but also the degree of polymerization are important modulators of their antioxidant capacity. In this sense, it is crucial that novel polyphenolic fractions were prepared attending a value of 3 for the mean degree of polymerization and did not exceed a 30% of galloylation to reach the highest antioxidant capacity with the lowest cytotoxic effects. For this reason, the grape extracts appear to be the best strategy to fight against hydrogen peroxide cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Mitjans
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Colomer A, Pinazo A, Manresa MA, Vinardell MP, Mitjans M, Infante MR, Pérez L. Cationic surfactants derived from lysine: effects of their structure and charge type on antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. J Med Chem 2011; 54:989-1002. [PMID: 21229984 DOI: 10.1021/jm101315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three different sets of cationic surfactants from lysine have been synthesized. The first group consists of three monocatenary surfactants with one lysine as the cationic polar head with one cationic charge. The second consists of three monocatenary surfactants with two amino acids as cationic polar head with two positive charges. Finally, four gemini surfactants were synthesized in which the spacer chain and the number and type of cationic charges have been regulated. The micellization process, antimicrobial activity, and hemolytic activity were evaluated. The critical micelle concentration was dependent only on the hydrophobic character of the molecules. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities were related to the structure of the compounds as well as the type of cationic charges. The most active surfactants against the bacteria were those with a cationic charge on the trimethylated amino group, whereas all of these surfactants showed low hemolytic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colomer
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y de Tensioactivos, IQAC, CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Galbiati V, Mitjans M, Lucchi L, Viviani B, Galli CL, Marinovich M, Corsini E. Further development of the NCTC 2544 IL-18 assay to identify in vitro contact allergens. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 25:724-32. [PMID: 21182927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several European Union legislations request the use of in vitro methods for toxicological evaluations, including sensitization, in order to increase consumer safety but also to reduce the use of animals. The EU project SENS-IT-IV addresses the need of developing predictive in vitro tests to assess contact and respiratory hypersensitivity reactions. In this context, we have recently reported the possibility to use IL-18 production in the human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544 to discriminate contact sensitizer from irritants and low molecular weight respiratory allergens. The aims of the present study were to further develop this assay in order to optimize experimental conditions; to develop a 96-well plate format to establish a high throughput assay; to test the performance of other available keratinocyte cell lines, and to understand the signal transduction pathway involved in p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-induced IL-18 production. If cells reach confluence at the moment of treatment, the ability to identify contact allergens is lost; therefore a careful check for the optimal cell density using PPD as reference contact allergen is critical. In our hands, a cell density of 1-2.5 × 10(5)cells/ml gave optimal stimulation. In order to develop a high throughput test, cells seeded in 96-well plate were exposed to contact allergens (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, p-phenylenediamine, isoeugenol, cinnamaldehyde, tetramethylthiuram disulfite, resorcinol, cinnamic alcohol and eugenol), irritants (phenol, sodium laurel sulphate, lactic acid and salicylic acid) and respiratory allergens (hexachloroplatinate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, trimellitic anhydride). A selective increase in total (intracellular plus released) IL-18 was observed 24h later in cells treated with contact allergens, whereas no changes were observed following treatment with respiratory allergens and irritants, confirming previous results obtained in a 24-well format assay. A selective induction of IL-18 was also obtained testing with PPD other keratinocyte cell lines, namely HPKII and HaCaT, with the HPKII showing the highest stimulation index. Regarding the signal transduction pathway, we could demonstrate using selective inhibitors a role for oxidative stress, NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation in PPD-induced IL-18 production. In conclusion, results obtained suggest that the production of IL-18 represents a promising endpoint for the screening of potential contact allergens. The assay can be performed in a 96-well plate format, different keratinocyte cell lines can be used, and a role for oxidative stress in contact allergen-induced IL-18 was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological Science, Università degli Studi di, Milano, Italy
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Mitjans M, Galbiati V, Lucchi L, Marinovich M, Galli C, Corsini E. Identification of prohaptens by p38 MAPK activation in THP-1 cells. Toxicol Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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