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Nithyashree N, Prakash N, Waghe P, Santhosh CR, Pavithra BH, Rajashekaraiah R, Sathyanarayana ML, Sunilchandra U, Anjan Kumar KR, Manjunatha SS, Muralidhar Y, Shivaprasad GR. Nanocurcumin Restores Arsenic-Induced Disturbances in Neuropharmacological Activities in Wistar Rats. Toxicol Int 2022. [DOI: 10.18311/ti/2022/v29i3/30342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to examine the ameliorative potential of nanocurcumin against arsenic induced (sub-chronic) alterations in central nervous system in male Wistar rats. Nanocurcumin was synthesised and the hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and particle size were~76.60 nm, (-) 30 mV and 95nm, respectively. Experimental rats sub-chronically exposed to sodium (meta) arsenite (As; 10 mg.kg-1; 70 days; p.o) induced significant (p<0.05) reduction in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione and favoured free radical generation and induced lipid peroxidation in brain tissue. The exposure resulted in significant (p<0.05) decrease in voluntary- and involuntary motor activities and enhanced anxiety levels. However, experimental rats receiving nanocurcumin (15 mg.kg-1; p.o) showed significant (p<0.05) recovery in enzymatic - and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence system and restoration of redox balance and overcome arsenic induced depression in motor activities and elevated anxiety levels. Further, Arsenic induced elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 activity and prostaglandin-E2 in brain and angiotensin-II levels (plasma) was significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated by nanocurcumin. Additionally, quantitative real -time polymerase chain reaction revealed a fivefold decrease in Nox2 expression in brain following nanocurcumin administration. Thus, the study concludes that nanocurcumin can serve as a potential therapeutic candidate to counter arsenic induced redox imbalance and neuropharmacological disturbances and there exists a vast scope to exploit its utility after appropriate clinical modelling.
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Abdollahzade N, Majidinia M, Babri S. Melatonin: a pleiotropic hormone as a novel potent therapeutic candidate in arsenic toxicity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6603-6618. [PMID: 34453671 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is a natural element which exists in the environment in inorganic and organic forms. In humans, the main reason for the toxicity of arsenic is its uptake via water sources. As polluted water and the problems associated with it can be found in many countries. Therefore, considering all these positive effects of melatonin, this review is aimed at melatonin supplementation therapy on arsenic toxicity which seems to be a suitable therapeutic agent to eliminate the adverse effects of arsenic. METHODS AND RESULTS It is seen in previous studies that chronic exposure to arsenic could cause serious dys functions of organs and induce different degrees of toxicities that is one of the first hazardous materials in the classification of substances by the United States Environmental Protection Agency so leads to costly cleanup operations burdening the economy. Arsenic harmfulness degree depends on the bioavailability, chemical form, valence state, detoxification, and metabolism of human body. The oxidative stress has a major role in arsenic-induced toxicity; on the other hand, it was discovered that melatonin is a powerful scavenger for free radical and it's an extensive-spectrum antioxidant. CONCLUSION Due to its highly lipophilic and small size properties, melatonin accesses all intracellular organs by easily passing via the cell membrane and prevents protein, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation. In particular, melatonin, by protecting and reducing oxidative stress in mitochondria, can normalize homeostasis and mitochondrial function and ultimately prevent apoptosis and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Abdollahzade
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Shirin Babri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abdollahzade N, Babri S, Majidinia M. Attenuation of chronic arsenic neurotoxicity via melatonin in male offspring of maternal rats exposed to arsenic during conception: Involvement of oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory signaling cascades. Life Sci 2020; 266:118876. [PMID: 33310035 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to arsenic is demonstrated to elevate the risk of brain damage and neurological disorders in the fetus, mainly due to its ability for crossing through the placental barriers. Increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage is main mechanisms of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of melatonin, as a potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against arsenic toxicity in the brains of male offspring rats. Pregnant mother rats were randomly assigned into four groups including group I, as control, group II received 10 mg/kg melatonin, group III received arsenic at 50 mg/kg, and group IV received melatonin and arsenic. After a two-month period, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation and apoptosis were assessed in the male offspring rats. Exposure to arsenic significantly increased the pro-inflammatory and oxidative factors resulting in DNA damage and apoptosis in the brain tissues of offspring rats in comparison to controls (p < 0.05). Exogenous administration of melatonin showed a significant increase in the tissue levels of acetylcholine esterase, decrease in the lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase, when compared to arsenic group (p < 0.05). Melatonin also overcame the arsenic-induced oxidative stress and suppressed inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis. Our results suggested that melatonin may be a promising neuro-protective agent and momentous therapy for the treatment of arsenic-toxicity in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Abdollahzade
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Babri
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Durappanavar PN, Nadoor P, Waghe P, Pavithra BH, Jayaramu GM. Melatonin Ameliorates Neuropharmacological and Neurobiochemical Alterations Induced by Subchronic Exposure to Arsenic in Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:124-139. [PMID: 30306420 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats to characterize the arsenic ("As")-induced alterations in neurobiochemistry in brain and its impact on neuropharmacological activities with or without the melatonin (MLT) as an antioxidant given exogenously. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to four groups of six each. Group I served as untreated control, while group II received As [sodium (meta) arsenite; NaAsO2] at 10 mg/kg bw (p.o.) for a period of 56 days. Experimental rats in group III received treatment similar to group II but in addition received MLT at 10 mg/kg bw (p.o.) from day 32 onwards. Rats in group IV received MLT alone from day 32 onwards similar to group III. Sub-chronic exposure to As (group II) significantly reduced both voluntary locomotor and forced motor activities and melatonin supplementation (group III) showed a significant improvement in motor activities, when subjected to test on day 42 or 56. Rats exposed to As showed a significant increase in anxiety level and a marginal nonsignificant reduction in pain latency. Sub-chronic administration of As induced (group II) significant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) called malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue (5.55 ± 0.57 nmol g-1), and their levels were significantly reduced by MLT supplementation (group III 3.96 ± 0.15 nmol g-1). The increase in 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in As-exposed rats indicated nitrosative stress due to the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). However, exogenously given MLT significantly reduced the 3-NT formation as well as prostaglandin (PGE2) levels in the brain. Similarly, MLT administration have suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (viz., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and amyloid-β1-40 (Aβ) deposition in the brain tissues of experimental rats. To conclude, exogenous administration of melatonin can overcome the sub-chronic As-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in the CNS, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restored certain disturbed neuropharmacological activities in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasada Ningappa Durappanavar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University; Veterinary College, Vinobanagar, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577 204, India
| | - Prakash Nadoor
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Veterinary College, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 024, India.
| | - Prashantkumar Waghe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Veterinary College, Nandinagar, Bidar, Karnataka, 585401, India
| | - B H Pavithra
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Veterinary College, Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560 024, India
| | - G M Jayaramu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Veterinary College, Vinobanagar, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577 204, India
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Islam MT. Antipyretic effect of phytol, possibly via 5KIR-dependent COX-2 inhibition pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:857-862. [PMID: 30778877 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study is aimed at the evaluation of antipyretic effect of PHY in yeast-induced hyperthermia rats. Additionally, possible mechanism of antipyretic action of PHY has been also studied by molecular docking study. METHODS Adult male Wistar albino rats were treated with PHY at 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg in 0.05% Tween-80 dissolved in 0.9% NaCl solution. PHY was also given at 200 mg/kg with ibuprofen (IBU) 12.5 mg/kg (p.o.) or paracetamol (PARA) 100 mg/kg (p.o.) to see the combined effect of PHY in animals. In silico study of PHY was performed against cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (COX-1 and -2) proteins. RESULTS PHY exhibited the antipyretic effect in febrile rats in a dose and time dependent manner. PHY 200 mg/kg co-treated with IBU12.5 or PARA100 exhibited greater antipyretic effect than the PHY or NSAIDs individual groups. Data from the computational study reveal that 5KIR of COX-2 is the most efficient receptor protein to which PHY interacts. CONCLUSION PHY attributed an antipyretic effect, possibly via 5KIR-dependent COX-2 inhibition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Subhan MA, Jhuma SS, Chandra Saha P, Alam MM, Asiri AM, Al-Mamun M, Attia SA, Emon TH, Azad AK, Rahman MM. Efficient selective 4-aminophenol sensing and antibacterial activity of ternary Ag2O3·SnO2·Cr2O3 nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01760g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of 4-AP based on Ag2O3·SnO2·Cr2O3 NPs/binder/GCE sensor.
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Bartos C, Ambrus R, Kovács A, Gáspár R, Sztojkov-Ivanov A, Márki Á, Janáky T, Tömösi F, Kecskeméti G, Szabó-Révész P. Investigation of Absorption Routes of Meloxicam and Its Salt Form from Intranasal Delivery Systems. Molecules 2018; 23:E784. [PMID: 29597330 PMCID: PMC6017030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to study the trans-epithelial absorption to reach the blood and to target the brain by axonal transport using nasal formulations with nanonized meloxicam (nano MEL spray) and its salt form known as meloxicam potassium monohydrate (MELP spray). The physicochemical properties and the mucoadhesivity of nasal formulations were controlled. In vitro and in vivo studies were carried out. These forms were first investigated in "nose-to-brain" relation. It was found that the in vitro study and in vivo study did not show any significant correlation. In vitro experiments demonstrated faster dissolution rate and higher diffusion of MELP from the spray compared with the nano MEL spray. The administration of the nano MEL spray resulted in faster absorption and constant plasma concentration of the drug after five minutes of administration as compared to MELP. The axonal transport of the drug was justified. MEL appeared in the brain tissues after the first five minutes of administration in the case of both spray forms, but its amount was too small in comparison with the total plasma concentration. The application of the nano MEL spray resulted in the same AUC in the brain as the intravenous injection. The "nose-to-blood" results predicted the nasal applicability of MEL and MELP in pain management. The "nose-to-brain" pathway requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Bartos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Róbert Gáspár
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anita Sztojkov-Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Márki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Tömösi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Kecskeméti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Lu H, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Zhu J, Qiu Y, Zhu L, Küppers S. Fenton-Like Catalysis and Oxidation/Adsorption Performances of Acetaminophen and Arsenic Pollutants in Water on a Multimetal Cu-Zn-Fe-LDH. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:25343-52. [PMID: 27588429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen can increase the risk of arsenic-mediated hepatic oxidative damage; therefore, the decontamination of water polluted with coexisting acetaminophen and arsenic gives rise to new challenges for the purification of drinking water. In this work, a three-metal layered double hydroxide, namely, Cu-Zn-Fe-LDH, was synthesized and applied as a heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation catalyst and adsorbent to simultaneously remove acetaminophen (Paracetamol, PR) and arsenic. The results showed that the degradation of acetaminophen was accelerated with decreasing pH or increasing H2O2 concentrations. Under the conditions of a catalyst dosage of 0.5 g·L(-1) and a H2O2 concentration of 30 mmol·L(-1), the acetaminophen in a water sample was completely degraded within 24 h by a Fenton-like reaction. The synthesized Cu-Zn-Fe-LDH also exhibited a high efficiency for arsenate removal from aqueous solutions, with a calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 126.13 mg·g(-1). In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the more toxic arsenite can be gradually oxidized into arsenate and adsorbed at the same time by Cu-Zn-Fe-LDH. For simulated water samples with coexisting arsenic and acetaminophen pollutants, after treatment with Cu-Zn-Fe-LDH and H2O2, the residual arsenic concentration in water was less than 10 μg·L(-1), and acetaminophen was not detected in the solution. These results indicate that the obtained Cu-Zn-Fe-LDH is an efficient material for the decontamination of combined acetaminophen and arsenic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Linyan Zhu
- ZEA-3, Research Center Jülich , Jülich 52425, Germany
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Rattanarat P, Suea-Ngam A, Ruecha N, Siangproh W, Henry CS, Srisa-Art M, Chailapakul O. Graphene-polyaniline modified electrochemical droplet-based microfluidic sensor for high-throughput determination of 4-aminophenol. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 925:51-60. [PMID: 27188317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the first development of graphene-polyaniline modified carbon paste electrode (G-PANI/CPE) coupled with droplet-based microfluidic sensor for high-throughput detection of 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in pharmaceutical paracetamol (PA) formulations. A simple T-junction microfluidic platform using an oil flow rate of 1.8 μL/min and an aqueous flow rate of 0.8 μL/min was used to produce aqueous testing microdroplets continuously. The microchannel was designed to extend the aqueous droplet to cover all 3 electrodes, allowing for electrochemical measurements in a single droplet. Parameters including flow rate, water fraction, and applied detection potential (Edet) were investigated to obtain optimal conditions. Using G-PANI/CPE significantly increased the current response for both cyclic voltammetric detections of ferri/ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-) (10 times) and 4-AP (2 times), compared to an unmodified electrode. Using the optimized conditions in the droplet system, 4-AP in the presence of PA was selectively determined. The linear range of 4-AP was 50-500 μM (R(2) = 0.99), limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) was 15.68 μM, and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) was 52.28 μM. Finally, the system was used to determine 4-AP spiked in commercial PA liquid samples and the amounts of 4-AP were found in good agreement with those obtained from the conventional capillary zone electrophoresis/UV-Visible spectrophotometry (CZE/UV-Vis). The proposed microfluidic device could be employed for a high-throughput screening (at least 60 samples h(-1)) of pharmaceutical purity requiring low sample and reagent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poomrat Rattanarat
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Akkapol Suea-Ngam
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Chromatography and Separation Research Unit (ChSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nipapan Ruecha
- Program in Macromolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Monpichar Srisa-Art
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Chromatography and Separation Research Unit (ChSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center of Excellent of Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Yeh KT, Wu WT, Subeq YM, Niu CC, Liao KW, Chen IH, Wang JH, Lee RP. Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Are Better than Acetaminophen on Fever Control at Acute Stage of Fracture. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137225. [PMID: 26431202 PMCID: PMC4592249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to adequate surgical fixation and an aggressive rehabilitation program, pain relief is one of the most critical factors in the acute stage of fracture treatment. The most common analgesics are nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs and Acetaminophen, both of which relieve pain and reduce body temperature. In clinical experiences, they exhibit effective pain control; however, their influence on body temperature remains controversial. This study is aimed at determining the effects of analgesics at the acute stage of traumatic fracture by performing a clinical retrospective study of patients with fractures and a fracture animal model. The retrospective study revealed that, in the acetaminophen group, the mean value of postmedication body temperature (BT) was significantly higher than that of the premedication BT. The change in BT was highly related with the medication rather than other risk factors. Forty eight 12-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group, fracture group, fracture-Acetaminophen group, Acetaminophen group, fracture-Arcoxia group, and Arcoxia group. Fracture rats were prepared by breaking their unilateral tibia and fibula. Their inflammation conditions were evaluated by measuring their serum cytokine level and their physiological status was evaluated by estimating their central temperature, heart rate, and mean blood pressure. The hepatic adverse effects were assessed by measuring the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (sGOT) and alanine aminotransferase (sGPT). The central temperature in the fracture-Acetaminophen group exceeded that in the groups fed normal saline water or Arcoxia. Accumulated hepatic injury was presented as steadily ascending curves of sGOT and sGPT. Inflammation-related cytokine levels were not higher in the Acetaminophen fracture group and were significantly lower in the fracture-Arcoxia group. Fever appeared to be aggravated by acetaminophen and more related to the elevation of hepatic enzymes than to the change in the inflammation-related cytokines. We suggest that acetaminophen may aggravate fever at the acute stage of fracture. This response is highly related to the accumulated and exacerbated side effects of hepatitis that are caused by the medication and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ting Yeh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Wen-Tien Wu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yi-Maun Subeq
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chi-Chien Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jen-Hung Wang
- Department of Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Ru-Ping Lee
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Vijayakaran K, Kesavan M, Kannan K, Sankar P, Tandan SK, Sarkar SN. Arsenic decreases antinociceptive activity of paracetamol: possible involvement of serotonergic and endocannabinoid receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:397-405. [PMID: 25128769 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether repeated arsenic exposure can decrease paracetamol-mediated antinociception by modulating serotonergic and endocannabinoid pathways. Rats were preexposed to elemental arsenic (4ppm) as sodium arsenite through drinking water for 28 days. Next day paracetamol's (400mg/kg, oral) antinociceptive activity was assessed through formalin-induced nociception. Serotonin content and gene expression of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and CB1 receptors were evaluated in brainstem and frontal cortex. Arsenic decreased paracetamol-mediated analgesia. Paracetamol, but not arsenic, increased serotonin content in these regions. Arsenic attenuated paracetamol-mediated increase in serotonin level. Paracetamol did not alter 5-HT1A expression, but caused down-regulation of 5-HT2A and up-regulation of CB1 receptors. Arsenic down-regulated these receptors. However, paracetamol-mediated down-regulation of 5-HT2A was more pronounced. Arsenic did not modify paracetamol's effect on 5-HT1A expression, but reduced paracetamol-mediated down-regulation of 5-HT2A and reversed up-regulation of CB1 receptors. Results suggest arsenic reduced paracetamol-induced analgesia possibly by interfering with pronociceptive 5-HT2A and antinociceptive CB1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunakaran Vijayakaran
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manickam Kesavan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kandasamy Kannan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palanisamy Sankar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surendra Kumar Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Souvendra Nath Sarkar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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