1
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Tewari A. Respiratory system: Highly exposed yet under-reported organ in pyrethrin and pyrethroid toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:622-635. [PMID: 39178350 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241273808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Pyrethrin and pyrethroid are a relatively new class of pesticides with potent insecticidal properties. Pyrethrins are naturally occurring pesticides obtained from the Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium flower, while pyrethroids are their synthetic derivatives. They are widely used as the insecticides of choice in agriculture, veterinary medicine, public health programs, and household activities. Pyrethrin, being a broad-spectrum insecticide kills a wide range of pests, while pyrethroids last longer in the environment owing to low susceptibility to sunlight, and greater stability and efficacy than parent molecules. Humans can be exposed through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal routes. Indoor usage of an insecticide poses a serious risk to human health, especially to women, children, and stay-at-home people. Although pyrethrin and pyrethroid are generally considered safe, sustained skin or inhalation exposure or direct contact with open wounds results in higher toxicity to mammals. There is a paucity of data on the impact of pyrethrin and pyrethroid on overall pulmonary health. The respiratory system, from the nose, nasal passages, airways, and bronchi to the pulmonary alveoli, is vulnerable to environmental contaminants such as pesticides because of its anatomical location as well as being a highly blood profused organ. Under and over-functioning of the respiratory system triggers diverse pathologies such as serious infections, allergies, asthma, metastatic malignancies, and auto-immune conditions. While the association between workplace-related pesticide exposures and respiratory diseases and symptoms is well documented, it is important to understand the adverse health impact of pyrethrin and pyrethroid on the general population for awareness and also for better regulation and implementation of the law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tewari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, (NDVSU), Rewa, India
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2
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Ghavami A, Abtahi Froushani SM, Tehrani A. Oral Administration of Piperine Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02131-1. [PMID: 39196471 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of piperine on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). EAU was induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein emulsified in complete Freund adjuvant. Starting from day 8 post-induction, Lewis rats were given piperine (0, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg-P.O.) or prednisolone (10 mg/kg-P.O.) for 18 consecutive days. The 80 mg/kg dose of piperine demonstrated superior regression of clinical symptoms, increased nitric oxide levels, and enhanced IDO activity in eye homogenates compared to other doses. The 40 and 80 mg/kg doses of piperine were more effective in promoting weight gain in EAU rats than the 20 mg/kg dose. EAU rats treated with 80 mg/kg piperine showed more favorable mRNA expression of IL-10 and TGF-β in their eyes than other treatment groups. The interventions led to a significant decrease in mRNA ratios of T-bet/GATA-3, RORγt/T-bet, RORγt/Foxp3, and RORγt/GATA-3 in the eyes of EAU rats compared to untreated EAU rats. Specifically, EAU rats treated with 80 mg/kg piperine exhibited a greater reduction in the mRNA ratio of RORγt/Foxp3 expression compared to other treatment groups. Overall, oral administration of piperine may offer potential for clinical application in uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghavami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Aliasghar Tehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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3
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Loying R, Sharmah B, Barman H, Borah A, Bora HK, Kalita J, Manna P. Anti-inflammatory potential of Piper betleoides C. DC., a promising Piper species of Northeast India: in vitro and in vivo evidence and mechanistic insight. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01539-3. [PMID: 39126574 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the leaf hydroalcoholic extract of Piper betleoides C. DC., also known as "Jangli Paan" in Northeast India, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated both cell culture (RAW264.7, macrophage cells) and animal (albino rat) model of inflammation. Treatment with leaf hydroalcoholic extract of Piper betleoides (PBtE) dose-dependently (5, 10, and 20 µg/mL) decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) and increased anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in LPS-treated macrophages. Similarly, treatment with PBtE also prevented the alternation in mRNA expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, CCL-2, IL-6, and IL-10) in LPS-treated macrophages. Dose-dependent supplementation with PBtE further reduced the production of intracellular ROS and increased the phagocytosis efficacies in LPS-treated cells. Further in vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with PBtE dose-dependently (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) prevented the dysregulation of the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10) and reduced the circulatory levels of prostaglandin (PGE2) and nitric oxide products (nitrite) in LPS-treated animals. In addition, alternation of blood cell profiling and the liver as well as kidney dysfunctions were also prevented by the treatment with PBtE in LPS-treated rats. The anti-inflammatory potential of PBtE was comparable to those seen in sodium diclofenac (positive control) treated group. LC-MS analyses showed piperine, piperlongumine, piperolactam-A, and dehydropipernonaline and GC-MS analyses demonstrated phytol, caryophyllene, and falcarinol as the phytochemicals present in Piper betleoides, which might play an important role in preventing inflammation and associated pathophysiology. Different treatments didn't cause any toxicity in cell culture and animal models. This study for the first time demonstrated the promising anti-inflammatory potential of the leaf hydroalcoholic extract of Piper betleoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikraj Loying
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Bhaben Sharmah
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Hiranmoy Barman
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Anupriya Borah
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Himangsu Kousik Bora
- Centre for Preclinical Studies, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India.
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Baban MM, Ahmad SA, Abu-Odeh AM, Baban M, Talib WH. Anticancer, Immunomodulatory, and Phytochemical Screening of Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb Growing in the North of Iraq. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:42. [PMID: 38202350 PMCID: PMC10780985 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb is a promising repository of active phytochemicals. These bioactive compounds work synergistically to promote the plant's antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory capabilities. The present study aimed to discover the potential immunomodulatory and cytotoxicity of different extracts of Carthamus oxycantha roots. Aqueous ethanol (70%), aqueous methanol (90%), ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were tested against five cell lines (T47D, MDA-MB231, Caco-2, EMT6/P, and Vero). Among these extracts, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts showed significant activity in inhibiting the proliferation of cancerous cells because of the presence of several phytochemical compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. The n-hexane extract was the most potent extract against T47D and Caco-2 cell lines and had IC50 values of 0.067 mg/mL and 0.067 mg/mL, respectively. In comparison, ethyl acetate extract was active against T47D and MDAMB231, and IC50 values were 0.0179 mg/mL and 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Both n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts reduced tumor size (by 49.981% and 51.028%, respectively). Remarkably, Carthamus oxyacantha extracts decreased the average weight of the tumor cells in the in vivo model. The plant induced significant apoptotic activity by the activation of caspase-3, immunomodulation of macrophages, and triggering of pinocytosis. The implications of these intriguing findings demand additional research to broaden the scope of the understanding of this field, opening the doors to the possibilities of using Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb as an effective cancer treatment adjuvant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Media Mohammad Baban
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan;
| | - Saman A. Ahmad
- Biotechnology and Crop Science Department, College of Agriculture Engineering Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
- Botanical Foundation, The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Ala’ M. Abu-Odeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan;
| | - Mustafa Baban
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Campus of St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK;
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
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Elbanna R, Osman KA, Salama MS. Biomarkers of oral subacute toxicity of deltamethrin in exposed male Albino rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:735-753. [PMID: 37877786 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231209360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects. This study assessed, in the male Albino rats, the effects of oral gavage of either 0.874 mg/kg (0.01 LD50) or 8.740 mg/kg (0.10 LD50) of deltamethrin for successive 14 days to investigate its effects on biomarkers and to detect the tissue injury in rats following subacute deltamethrin treatment. It was found that levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, kidney, and liver, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and uric acid in serum, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC)s, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly reduced compared with untreated rats. However, when rats were treated with deltamethrin for successive 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in brain, kidney, and liver, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), total protein, monocytes, and basophils and the ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, an aggregated marker of systemic inflammation and systemic immune inflammation indexes, significantly increased compared with the control group. Histologic lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epidemies in rats exposed to subacute deltamethrin for 14 days, and most tissues of rats treated with 0.10 LD50 of deltamethrin were more affected than those treated with 0.01 LD50. These findings strongly suggest that subacute exposure to deltamethrin caused significant systemic toxicity through oxidative stress resulting in biochemical and histological changes in the studied tissues. These findings highlight the potential harmful effects of deltamethrin and emphasize the importance of understanding the subacute effects of this compound, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine, public health, and farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Elbanna
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Osman
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher S Salama
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Malintha GHT, Jeong JB, Gunathilaka BE, Hasanthi M, Yun KS, Lee KJ. Effects of dietary piperine supplementation on innate immunity, growth performance, feed utilization and intestinal morphology of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:925-937. [PMID: 37594621 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum) or long pepper (Piper longum), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the supplemental effects of piperine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) diets. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different levels of piperine at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 2.00 g/kg (Con, P25, P50, P75, P100, and P200, respectively). Diets were randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 27.6 ± 0.4 g, 30 fish/tank) and fed three times daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary piperine significantly improved fish growth and feed utilization efficiency. The highest growth, including the highest Igf-1 mRNA expression, was observed in the P50 group, while P50 and P75 groups showed the highest protein efficiency ratio. Compared to the Con group piperine supplemented groups had significantly higher lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin level, and phagocytosis activities. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower in fish fed P200 diet. Dry matter and protein digestibility were higher in P25, P50, and P75 groups than in Con group. Dietary piperine increased the intestinal villi length and goblet cell counts. In the challenge test against Edwardsiella tarda, all the groups supplemented with piperine showed higher cumulative survival compared to Con group. Therefore, these findings indicate that dietary piperine supplementation can improve growth performance, innate immunity, disease resistance, diet digestibility, and intestinal morphology of olive flounder. The optimum dietary piperine level seems to be approximately 0.5 g/kg for the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H T Malintha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Joon Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Buddhi E Gunathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Mirasha Hasanthi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Yun
- Synergen Inc., Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea.
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, South Korea.
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Vineetha VP, Tejaswi HN, Suresh K, Lekshmi H, Sneha KG, Rakesh CG, Devika P. Asparagus racemosus improves immune-related parameters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mitigates deltamethrin-induced toxicity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:283-293. [PMID: 36122635 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM) is one of the most toxic but widely used pyrethroid insecticides. Even though a non-target animal, fish are at high risk as they are deficient in the enzyme system that hydrolyses pyrethroids. Enhancing the immune system is a potential method in preventing fish diseases. The present investigation aims to study the modulations in the immune response-related parameters in Oreochromis niloticus that were exposed to DM, by dietary supplementation of aqueous root extract of Asparagus racemosus (ARE). The experiment compared fish in control, DM (1 μg/L) exposed (added to water), ARE (10 g, 20 g, and 30 g ARE/kg of feed) supplemented, and DM-ARE cotreated groups. After 21 days of experimental period, serological, histopathological, and immune response related-gene and protein analysis were carried out. The DM-ARE cotreated group showed significant increase in weight gain, specific growth rate, and decreased feed conversion ratio compared to the DM exposed group. The ARE cotreatment could significantly revert the alteration induced by DM in lysozyme, respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase, C-reactive protein, glucose, cortisol, total protein, albumin, and triglyceride levels. The liver histopathology showed membrane breakage, severe necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, melano-macrophages, and nuclear atrophy, and the kidney showed tubular necrosis, hematopoietic necrosis, Bowman's capsule edema, and glomerulus degeneration in DM exposed group. In ARE cotreated group, the liver showed regenerative cellular changes and only mild to moderate cellular damages, and the kidney tubules and glomerulus had intact structure. ARE discernibly regulated the expression of immune-related genes and proteins (IgM, TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-8) in fish. The DM-ARE cotreated groups showed reduced cumulative mortality and higher relative percent survival on experimental challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila compared to the DM group. Thus, ARE possess protective potential against DM-induced toxicity, and can be used as a cost-effective technique in aquafarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadavanath Prabhakaran Vineetha
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Hemla Naik Tejaswi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Kummari Suresh
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Haridas Lekshmi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Kalasseril Girijan Sneha
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Chakkalaparambil Gokulan Rakesh
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Pillai Devika
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India.
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Nguyen HD, Oh H, Jo WH, Hoang NHM, Kim MS. Mixtures modeling identifies heavy metals and pyrethroid insecticide metabolites associated with obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20379-20397. [PMID: 34738213 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We aim to examine the association between chemical mixtures and obesity. Blood and urinary levels of tween-six chemicals were measured in adults who participated in the KoNEHS. We identified the associations of chemicals with obesity using linear regression models. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile g-computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were conducted as secondary analyses. Of the 3,692 participants included in the analysis, 18.0% had obesity. In the logistic regression model, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and 3PBA levels were associated with obesity, and significant trends were observed for these chemical tertiles (p < 0.001). Hg, Pb, and 3PBA levels were also associated with BMI. The WQS index was significantly associated with both obesity (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 2.11-2.20) and BMI (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.37-0.51). The qgcomp index also found a significant association between chemicals and both obesity (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.56-1.85) and BMI (β = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.39-0.41). Hg, Pb, and 3PBA were the most heavily weighed chemicals in these models. In BKMR analysis, the overall effect of the mixture was significantly associated with obesity. Hg, Pb, and 3PBA showed positive trends and were observed as the most important factors associated with obesity. Given increasing exposure to chemicals, there is a need to investigate the associations between chemical exposures, either separately or together, and incident obesity risk factors in well-characterized cohorts of different populations, and to identify potential approaches to chemical exposure prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Hong Minh Hoang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
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Piperine: Chemical, biological and nanotechnological applications. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:185-213. [PMID: 33151173 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Piperine (PIP) is an alkaloid present in several species of piper, mainly Piper nigrum Linn. and P. longum, among other species. The present article provides a comprehensive review of PIP research in the last years concerning its chemical properties, synthesis, absorption, metabolism, bioavailability and toxicity. The reviewed PIP literature has shown many pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic activity of PIP. However, its low solubility and absorption make its application challenging. This review also includes advances in the development of nanosystems containing PIP, including liposomes, micelles, metal nanoparticles, nanofibers, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid-lipid nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss different in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the biological activity of this drug, as well as some methods for the synthesis of nanosystems and their physical characteristics.
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10
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Kline EM, Houser MC, Herrick MK, Seibler P, Klein C, West A, Tansey MG. Genetic and Environmental Factors in Parkinson's Disease Converge on Immune Function and Inflammation. Mov Disord 2021; 36:25-36. [PMID: 33314312 PMCID: PMC8285924 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD) is a movement disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of the protein α-synuclein. Patients with iPD vary in age of symptom onset, rate of progression, severity of motor and non-motor symptoms, and extent of central and peripheral inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors are believed to act synergistically in iPD pathogenesis. We propose that environmental factors (pesticides and infections) increase the risk for iPD via the immune system and that the role of PD risk genes in immune cells is worthy of investigation. This review highlights the major PD-relevant genes expressed in immune cells and key environmental factors that activate immune cells and, alone or in combination with other factors, may contribute to iPD pathogenesis. By reviewing these interactions, we seek to enable the future development of immunomodulatory approaches to prevent or delay onset of iPD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kline
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Madelyn C Houser
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mary K Herrick
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Andrew West
- Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Malú G Tansey
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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11
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Abstract
A variety of environmental toxicants such as heavy metals, pesticides, organic
chemicals, etc produce harmful effects in our living systems. In the literature, various reports have
indicated the detrimental effects of toxicants such as immunotoxicity, cardiotoxicity,
nephrotoxicity, etc. Experimental animals are generally used to investigate the safety profile of
environmental chemicals, but research on animals has some limitations. Thus, there is a need for
alternative approaches. Docking study is one of the alternate techniques which predict the binding
affinity of molecules in the active site of a particular receptor without using animals. These
techniques can also be used to check the interactions of environmental toxicants towards biological
targets. Varieties of user-friendly software are available in the market for molecular docking, but
very few toxicologists use these techniques in the field of toxicology. To increase the use of these
techniques in the field of toxicology, understanding of basic concepts of these techniques is
required among toxicological scientists. This article has summarized the fundamental concepts of
docking in the context of its role in toxicology. Furthermore, these promising techniques are also
discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship Pharmacy College (ISFCP), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Professional Studies (ISFCPS), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow (UP), India
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12
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Haq IU, Imran M, Nadeem M, Tufail T, Gondal TA, Mubarak MS. Piperine: A review of its biological effects. Phytother Res 2020; 35:680-700. [PMID: 32929825 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used for years as a source of food, spices, and, in traditional medicine, as a remedy to numerous diseases. Piper nigrum, belonging to the family Piperaceae is one of the most widely used spices all over the world. It has a distinct sharp flavor attributed to the presence of the phytochemical, piperine. Apart from its use as a spice, P. nigrum is frequently used for medicinal, preservation, and perfumery purposes. Black pepper contains 2-7.4% of piperine, varying in content is associated with the pepper plant. Piperine displays numerous pharmacological effects such as antiproliferative, antitumor, antiangiogenesis, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, antiaging, and immunomodulatory effects in various in vitro and in vivo experimental trials. Furthermore, piperine has also been documented for its hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This review highlights and discusses the medicinal and health-promoting effects of piperine, along with possible mechanisms of its action in health promotion and disease prevention. In addition, the present review summarizes the recent literature related to piperine as a therapeutic agent against several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul Haq
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tanweer A Gondal
- School of Exercise and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang L, Hong X, Zhao X, Yan S, Ma X, Zha J. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of deltamethrin renders the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) vulnerable to Pseudomonas fluorescens infection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136943. [PMID: 32007896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to assess the immunotoxicity of deltamethrin on fish, adult Chinese rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 0.1, 0.3, and 1 μg/L deltamethrin for 28 d. Many immunological parameters and histopathological alterations were determined. The results showed that lymphocyte number was markedly decreased at 0.3 and 1 μg/L treatments, whereas the neutrophil number was strongly increased at 1 μg/L treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, lysozyme (LYS), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and complement component 3 (C3) levels at 0.3 and 1 μg/L treatments were markedly reduced, whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were marked increased at 1 μg/L treatments (p < 0.05). The transcripts of almost all TLR (Toll-like receptor) signaling pathway-related genes were up-regulated. Histological lesions in the livers, intestines, and gills were observed at all treatments. Then, all remaining fish from controls and deltamethrin-exposed groups were injected with Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens) for 48 h. At 24 and 48 h post-injection with P. fluorescens (hpi), the lymphocyte numbers were strongly reduced at 0.3 and 1 μg/L deltamethrin-exposed groups, whereas LYS and C3 levels were strongly reduced at 0.3 and 1 μg/L deltamethrin-exposed groups (p < 0.05). Obvious reduces in IgM levels were also detected at 0.3 and 1 μg/L deltamethrin-exposed groups at 48 hpi (p < 0.05). The transcripts of almost all TLR signaling pathway-related genes were significantly down-regulated, whereas the levels of related microRNAs (miRNAs) were markedly increased at all deltamethrin-exposed groups at 24 and 48 hpi. Moreover, the bacterial load in the liver and the mortality of fish were significantly increased at 1 μg/L deltamethrin-exposed groups at 24 and 48 hpi (p < 0.05). Furthermore, obvious histological damage in the livers, intestines, and gills were observed at all deltamethrin-exposed fish at 48 hpi. Overall, our results demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentration deltamethrin suppressed immunity and rendered the fish vulnerable to P. fluorescens infection, subsequently inducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Saihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xufa Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Smilkov K, Ackova DG, Cvetkovski A, Ruskovska T, Vidovic B, Atalay M. Piperine: Old Spice and New Nutraceutical? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1729-1739. [PMID: 31267856 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701150803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many of the activities associated with pepper fruits have been attributed to piperine, the most active compound present in these spices. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to provide an overview of the known properties of piperine, i.e. piperine's chemistry, its physiological activity, documented interactions as a bioenhancer and reported data concerning its toxicity, antioxidant properties and anticancer activity. DISCUSSION It is known that piperine possesses several properties. In its interaction with other drugs, it can act as a bioavailability enhancer; this effect is also manifested in combination with other nutraceuticals, e.g. with curcumin, i.e. piperine can modify curcumin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. Piperine displays significant immunomodulating, antioxidant, chemopreventive and anticancer activity; these effects have been shown to be dose-dependent and tissue-specific. However, the main limitation associated with piperine seems to be its low bioavailability, a disadvantage that innovative formulations are overcoming. CONCLUSION It is predicted that an increasing number of studies will focus on piperine, especially those directed towards unraveling its properties at molecular level. The current knowledge about the action of piperine will form a foundation for ways to improve piperine's bioavailability e.g. exploitation of different carrier systems. The therapeutical applications of this compound will be clarified, and piperine will be recognized as an important nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Smilkov
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Darinka G Ackova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovski
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Tatjana Ruskovska
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Bojana Vidovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang J, Liu H, Li J, Lou L, Zhang S, Feng D, Feng X. Exposure to deltamethrin in adolescent mice induced thyroid dysfunction and behavioral disorders. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125118. [PMID: 31683416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM) has become one of the most widely used insecticides in the world due to its low toxicity, high efficiency and low persistence in soil. However, it is still unknown whether DM exposure has any effects on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis in adolescent mice. In this study, the open field test and circadian activity test showed that DM exposure increased activity. There was no significant difference between the groups in the light/dark box test and nest building test. Forced swimming test showed that after 6 and 12 mg kg-1 DM exposure 28 days, the immobility time was increased and the swimming time was reduced. After 6 mg kg-1 DM treatment, the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) content increased, and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) decreased. After exposure to 6 and 12 mg kg-1 DM, mRNA levels of HPT axis-related genes were destroyed. The histological examination showed that, the DM groups mice thyroid tissues appeared expanded thyroid follicles, scanty colloid and hyperplastic thyroid cells. Western blot results showed that the expression level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein decreased and the content of dopamine transporter (DAT) protein increased in DM treated mice striatum. Collectively, our results indicated that DM exposure could induce thyroid dysfunction and behavioral disorders in adolescent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Haoyue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiangning Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lixiang Lou
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Daofu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xizeng Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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16
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Bano F, Mohanty B. Thyroxine modulation of immune toxicity induced by mixture pesticides mancozeb and fipronil in mice. Life Sci 2020; 240:117078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jhanji R, Bhati V, Singh A, Kumar A. Phytomolecules against bacterial biofilm and efflux pump: an in silico and in vitro study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:5500-5512. [PMID: 31847713 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1704884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global threat whose incidences are increasing day by day worldwide. Thus, there is a need for new chemical entities (NCEs) or exploration of existing molecules against these types of infections. In the current investigation, we have tested the inhibitory potential of four different phytomolecules (berberine, gallic acid, piperine, and rutin) against bacterial biofilm and efflux pumps by using in-silico and in-vitro techniques. The phytomolecules (berberine, piperine, and rutin) except gallic acid have shown good interaction towards biofilm and efflux pump proteins. Further, In-vitro studies have also shown the good inhibitory effect of tested phytomolecules (berberine, rutin, and piperine) against bacterial biofilm formation and efflux pumps. In conclusion, berberine, piperine, and rutin could be the promising antibacterial candidates, particularly against resistant bacterial strains.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Jhanji
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, India
| | - Vipin Bhati
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, India
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18
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Budama‐Kilinc Y. Piperine Nanoparticles for Topical Application: Preparation, Characterization,In vitroandIn silicoEvaluation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Budama‐Kilinc
- Yildiz Technical UniversityDepartment of BioengineeringA-122 Davutpasa Campus Istanbul 34220 Turkey
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19
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Piperine-A Major Principle of Black Pepper: A Review of Its Bioactivity and Studies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Piperine is the main compound present in black pepper, and is the carrier of its specific pungent taste, which is responsible for centuries of human dietary utilization and worldwide popularity as a food ingredient. Along with the application as a food ingredient and food preservative, it is used in traditional medicine for many purposes, which has in most cases been justified by modern scientific studies on its biological effects. It has been confirmed that piperine has many bioactive effects, such as antimicrobial action, as well as many physiological effects that can contribute to general human health, including immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimetastatic, antitumor, and many other activities. Clinical studies demonstrated remarkable antioxidant, antitumor, and drug availability-enhancing characteristics of this compound, together with immunomodulatory potential. All these facts point to the therapeutic potential of piperine and the need to incorporate this compound into general health-enhancing medical formulations, as well as into those that would be used as adjunctive therapy in order to enhance the bioavailability of various (chemo)therapeutic drugs.
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20
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Ren T, Zuo Z. Role of piperine in CNS diseases: pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:849-867. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1672658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjing Ren
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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21
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Kumar A, Gupta M, Sharma R, Sharma N. Deltamethrin-Induced Immunotoxicity and its Protection by Quercetin: An Experimental Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:67-76. [PMID: 30968779 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190410144540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deltamethrin (DLM) is a type 2 pyrethroid insecticide used in agriculture and home to control pests. However, emerging reports have indicated the immunotoxicity of DLM. OBJECTIVE Thus, in the current investigation, we have checked the immune-protective role of quercetin in DLM-induced immunotoxicity by using in silico and in vitro techniques. RESULTS In silico results have shown good interaction of quercetin towards immune cell receptors (T & B cell receptors). The findings of in vitro studies indicated the decrease in oxidative stress which is elevated by DLM in concentration & time-dependent manner. The increased caspases-3 activity was decreased by treatment of quercetin. The apoptosis induced by DLM in thymus and spleen was suppressed only at higher concentration (50μg/ml) of quercetin. Finally, the phenotypic changes due to DLM were restored by quercetin. CONCLUSION Quercetin has strong binding affinity towards CD4, CD8 and CD28, CD45 receptors and protects the thymocytes and splenocytes against DLM-induced apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi -835215, Jharkhand, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Raebareli), Lucknow (UP), India
| | - Meenakshi Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacology, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Professional Studies (ISFCPS), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi -835215, Jharkhand, India
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22
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Lu Q, Sun Y, Ares I, Anadón A, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Yuan Z, Wang X, Martínez MA. Deltamethrin toxicity: A review of oxidative stress and metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:260-281. [PMID: 30599291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is widely used worldwide due to its valuable insecticidal activity against pests and parasites. Increasing evidence has shown that deltamethrin causes varying degrees of toxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress and metabolism are highly correlated with toxicity. For the first time, this review systematically summarizes the deltamethrin toxicity mechanism from the perspective of oxidative stress, including deltamethrin-mediated oxidative damage, antioxidant status, oxidative signaling pathways and modulatory effects of antagonists, synergists and placebos on oxidative stress. Further, deltamethrin metabolism, including metabolites, metabolic enzymes and pathways and deltamethrin metabolite toxicity are discussed. This review will shed new light on deltamethrin toxicity mechanisms and provide effective strategies to ensure pest control and prevention of human and animal poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yaqi Sun
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kumar A, Sharma R, Rana D, Sharma N. Protective Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol in Deltamethrin Induced Immunotoxicity. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:171-184. [PMID: 30068286 DOI: 10.2174/1871530318666180801144822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: α-Tocopherol is the active form of vitamin E which has various
biological functions. However, the exact molecular mechanism of its action is not fully understood.
Thus, the main objective of the current study is to determine the contribution of α-tocopherol in
counteraction of the apoptogenic signaling pathways induced by deltamethrin in murine thymocytes
and splenocytes.
</P><P>
Methods and Results: Deltamethrin (25 µM) induces apoptosis at 18 h through the activation of
reactive oxygen species, caspases and depletion of glutathione in thymocytes and splenocytes. MTT
assay results have shown that α-tocopherol (10 and 50 µg/ml) when added along with Deltamethrin
(25µM), increases the viability of thymocytes and splenocytes in a concentration-dependent manner.
The α-tocopherol treatment reduces the early markers of cell death (ROS and caspase3 activation)
significantly. Further, the depleted GSH by deltamethrin has also been restored by α-tocopherol. At 18
h, α-tocopherol (50 µg/ml) significantly reduced the Deltamethrin induced cell death. In additional,
phenotyping and cytokines assay have demonstrated that alpha-tocopherol significantly ameliorated
the altered immune functions.
Conclusion:
These findings indicate that α-tocopherol shows immunoprotective effects in
Deltamethrin induced splenic and thymic apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and caspasedependent
apoptogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi -835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Professional Studies (ISFCPS), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Divya Rana
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi -835215, Jharkhand, India
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Barrett KT, Roy A, Rivard KB, Wilson RJ, Scantlebury MH. Vagal TRPV1 activation exacerbates thermal hyperpnea and increases susceptibility to experimental febrile seizures in immature rats. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 119:172-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Sharma N, Banerjee S, Mazumder PM. Evaluation of the mechanism of anticancer activity of deltamethrin in Jurkat-J6 cell line. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 149:98-103. [PMID: 30033023 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is an α-cyano type-II synthetic pyrethroid compound which is extensively used in different agricultural and home pest control. The advantages of pyrethroids over other insecticides are that they are relatively non-toxic to birds and mammals and show high efficacy at relatively lower concentrations. DLM may have dual characteristics i.e. at low molar-concentration, it is nontoxic to normal healthy cells but can induce apoptotic cell death in cancerous cells. There is no reported work based on such hypothesis. Thus, this study has been designed to explore the anticancer property of DLM and the mechanism behind the apoptotic cell death by DLM in cancer cell line (Jurkat J6). Molecular docking study indicates that DLM has the greater binding affinity towards MCL-1 receptor. MTT assay has revealed some significant loss in the viability of cancerous cells by DLM. Further estimation of ROS and GSH have shown the significant oxidative stress induced by DLM in concentration-time dependent manner. DLM has also increased the caspase-3 activity and the apoptotic cells significantly while a decrease in interleukin-2 level has also been observed. The pre-treatment with thiol antioxidant and caspase inhibitor has confirmed the role of oxidative stress and the possibility of other pathways. These observations reveal that DLM may act as anticancer agent at lower concentrations (0.1-1 μM), though the further detailed investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.
| | - Sayantan Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Papiya Mitra Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Chueh TC, Hsu LS, Kao CM, Hsu TW, Liao HY, Wang KY, Chen SC. Transcriptome analysis of zebrafish embryos exposed to deltamethrin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1548-1557. [PMID: 27785895 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DTM), a type II pyrethroid, is one of the most commonly used insecticides. The increased use of pyrethroid leads to potential adverse effects, particularly in sensitive populations such as children and pregnant women. None of the related studies was focused on the transcriptome responses in zebrafish embryos after treatment with DTM; therefore, RNA-seq, a high-throughput method, was performed to analyze the global expression of differential expressed genes (DEGs) in zebrafish embryos treated with DTM (40 and 80 μg/L) from fertilization to 48 h postfertilization (hpf) as compared with that in the control group (without DTM treatment). Two cDNA libraries were generated from treated embryos and one cDNA library from nontreated embryos, respectively. Over 92% of reads mapped to the reference in these three libraries. It was observed that many differential genes were expressed in comparison with embryos before and after DTM. The 20 most differentially expressed upregulated or downregulated genes were majorly involved in the signaling transduction. Validation of selected nine genes expression using qRT-PCR confirmed RNA-seq results. The transcriptome sequences were further subjected to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, showing G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, respectively, were most enriched. The data from this study contributed to a better understanding of the potential consequences of fish exposed to DTM, to an evaluation of the potential threat of DTM to fish populations in aquatic environments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1548-1557, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Liao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ssu Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
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Hammad AS, Ravindran S, Khalil A, Munusamy S. Structure-activity relationship of piperine and its synthetic amide analogs for therapeutic potential to prevent experimentally induced ER stress in vitro. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:417-428. [PMID: 28397086 PMCID: PMC5425373 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the key organelle involved in protein folding and maturation. Emerging studies implicate the role of ER stress in the development of chronic kidney disease. Thus, there is an urgent need for compounds that could ameliorate ER stress and prevent CKD. Piperine and its analogs have been reported to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities; however, their efficacy against ER stress in kidney cells has not been studied yet. Hence, the goal of this study was to synthesize amide-substituted piperine analogs and screen them for pharmacological activity to relieve ER stress using an in vitro model of tunicamycin-induced ER stress using normal rat kidney (NRK-52E) cells. Five amide-substituted piperine analogs were synthesized and their chemical structures were elucidated by pertinent spectroscopic techniques. An in vitro model of ER stress was developed using tunicamycin, and the compounds of interest were screened for their effect on cell viability, and the expression of ER chaperone GRP78, the pro-apoptotic ER stress marker CHOP, and apoptotic caspases 3 and 12 (via western blotting). Our findings indicate that exposure to tunicamycin (0.5 μg/mL) for 2 h induces the expression of GRP78 and CHOP, and apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and caspase-12) and causes a significant reduction in renal cell viability. Pre-treatment of cells with piperine and its cyclohexylamino analog decreased the tunicamycin-induced upregulation of GRP78 and CHOP and cell death. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that piperine and its analogs differentially regulate ER stress, and thus represent potential therapeutic agents to treat ER stress-related renal disorders. Graphical Abstract Piperine (PIP) reduces the expression of ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) induced by pathologic stimuli and consequently decreases the activation of apoptotic caspase-12 and caspase-3; all of which contributes to its chemical chaperone and cytoprotective properties to protect renal cells against ER stress and ER stress-induced cell death, and would ultimately prevent the development of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat S Hammad
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ashraf Khalil
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shankar Munusamy
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Kumar A, Sasmal D, Sharma N. Mechanism of deltamethrin induced thymic and splenic toxicity in mice and its protection by piperine and curcumin: in vivo study. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28633599 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1286352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a well-known pyrethroid insecticide which is widely used in the agriculture and home pest control due to restriction on the sale of organophosphate. DLM induced apoptosis is well known but its mechanism is still unclear. This study has been designed to find out its mechanism of apoptosis with the help of computational methods along with in vivo methods. The QikProp and ProTox results have shown that DLM has good oral absorption. The docking results reveal that DLM has a strong binding affinity toward the CD4, CD8, CD28 and CD45 receptors. Further, to understand the toxicity of DLM on lymphoid cells, a single dose of DLM (5 mg/kg, oral for seven days) has been administered to male Balb/c mice and cytotoxicity (MTT assay), oxidative stress indicators (glutathione, reactive oxygen species) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation) have been assessed in thymic and splenic single cell suspensions. Lowering of body weight, cellularity and loss in cell viability have been observed in DLM treated mice. The significant increase in ROS and GSH depletion in spleen and thymus, indicate the possible involvement of oxidative stress. The spleen cells appear more susceptible to the adverse effects of DLM than thymus cells. Further, for the amelioration of its effect, two structurally different bioactive herbal extracts, piperine and curcumin have been evaluated and have shown the cytoprotective effect by inhibiting the apoptogenic signaling pathways induced by DLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra , Ranchi , India
| | - Dinakar Sasmal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra , Ranchi , India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra , Ranchi , India
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Wang X, Gao X, He B, Jin Y, Fu Z. Cis-bifenthrin causes immunotoxicity in murine macrophages. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1375-1382. [PMID: 27916261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroids (SPs) are commonly used insecticides that have been detected in mammals, including humans, indicating a potential threat to human health. Bifenthrin (BF), as well as other pyrethroids, has been shown to possess neurotoxic, reproductive, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potential in mammals. However, studies regarding the immunotoxicity of BF and its mechanism are limited. In this study, we aim to exam the immunotoxicity of cis-BF on the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. MTT assay results demonstrated that cis-BF exposure induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We found that the expression of p53 and caspase-3 was up-regulated, while the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated during cis-BF-induced apoptosis. In addition, we also found that cis-BF exposure caused oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, cis-BF exposure was found to inhibit the increase in transcription levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α responding to LPS stimulation. We also found that the induced increase in IFN-β mRNA levels upon Sendai virus infection was blocked with cis-BF exposure. Finally, we found that cis-BF exposure increased ROS levels and dysregulated mRNA levels of oxidative stress-related genes in RAW 264.7 cells. The present study elucidates the immunotoxicity effect of cis-BF on macrophages and its possible underlying mechanism. The results from this study support the necessity to evaluate immune dysfunction in the risk assessment of cis-BF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xingli Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Mao K, Lei D, Zhang H, You C. Anticonvulsant effect of piperine ameliorates memory impairment, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:695-700. [PMID: 28352353 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary active component of black pepper is piperine, which is purified and used to treat epilepsy, achieving higher efficiency when purified. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the anticonvulsant effect of piperine ameliorates pilocarpine-induced epilepsy, and to investigate the mechanism underlying these effects. Epilepsy was induced in Sprague Dawley rats using pilocarpine. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in the rats was treated with 40 mg/kg piperine for 45 consecutive days. Status epilepticus and a Morris water maze test were used to analyze the anticonvulsant effects of piperine in the epileptic rats. Inflammation and oxidative stress were then measured using commercially-available kits following piperine treatment. Lastly, the activity of caspase-3 and the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were evaluated using commercially-available kits and western blot analysis, respectively. The results demonstrated that treatment with piperine was able to reduce the status epilepticus and prevented memory impairment following pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rats. The anticonvulsant effects of piperine decreased inflammation and oxidative stress following pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rats. The upregulated activity of caspase-3 and expression levels of Bax/Bcl-2 were suppressed following treatment with piperine in the rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. These results suggest that the anticonvulsant effects of piperine ameliorate memory impairment, inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ding Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Kumar A, Sasmal D, Jadav SS, Sharma N. Mechanism of immunoprotective effects of curcumin in DLM-induced thymic apoptosis and altered immune function: an in silico and in vitro study. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:488-98. [PMID: 26471321 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1091004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, a main component of Curcuma Longa Linn, is a plant polyphenol used as an immune-enhancer in the Indian system of traditional medicine. However, its underlying mechanism of immune-protection remains unknown. The present study is designed to delineate the role of curcumin in deltamethrin (DLM)-induced thymocyte apoptosis and altered immune functions. In silico studies revealed that curcumin has a strong binding affinity toward CD4 and CD8 receptors. DLM (25 µM) induces thymocytes apoptosis through oxidative stress and caspase-dependent pathways. Various concentrations of curcumin (1, 10 and 50 µg/ml), when added along with DLM, caused a concentration- and time-related amelioration in apoptogenic signaling pathways induced by DLM. Inhibition of DLM-induced reactive oxygen species production, replenishment of glutathione and suppression of caspase activities by curcumin may thus be responsible for the suppression of downstream cascade of events, i.e. apoptosis, phenotypic changes and altered cytokine release. Thus, this study clearly demonstrates that the mechanism of immunoprotection of curcumin in DLM-induced thymic apoptosis includes inhibition of oxidative stress and caspase-dependent pathways underlying apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India
| | - Dinakar Sasmal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi , Jharkhand , India
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32
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Kumar A, Sasmal D, Jadav SS, Sharma N. Mechanism of immunoprotective effects of curcumin in DLM-induced thymic apoptosis and altered immune function: anin silicoandin vitrostudy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1091004 pmid: 26471321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Kumar A, Sharma N. Comparative efficacy of piperine and curcumin in deltamethrin induced splenic apoptosis and altered immune functions. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 119:16-27. [PMID: 25868812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) being a potent immunotoxicant affects both humoral and cell mediated immunity. Thus, for the amelioration of its effects, two different bioactive herbal extracts piperine and curcumin are evaluated and their efficacy has been compared. The docking results demonstrated that curcumin has good binding affinity towards CD28 and CD45 receptors as compared to piperine but in vitro studies revealed that piperine is more effective. DLM induced apoptotic markers such as oxidative stress and caspase 3 have been attenuated more significantly by piperine as compared to curcumin. Phenotypic and cytokine changes have also been mitigated best with piperine. Thus, these findings strongly demonstrate that piperine displays the more anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and chemo-protective properties in the DLM induced splenic apoptosis as compared to curcumin. So, piperine can be considered the drug of choice under immunocompromised conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi -835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Neelima Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi -835215, Jharkhand, India.
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