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Wang M, Guo W, Chen JF. Caffeine: a potential mechanism for anti-obesity. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10022-1. [PMID: 38802651 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity refers to the excessive accumulation of fat caused by a long-term imbalance between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). Over recent years, obesity has become a major public health challenge. Caffeine is a natural product that has been demonstrated to exert anti-obesity effects; however, the mechanisms responsible for the effect of caffeine on weight loss have yet to be fully elucidated. Most obesity-related deaths are due to cardiovascular disease. Recent research has demonstrated that caffeine can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease; thus, it can be hypothesized that caffeine may represent a new therapeutic agent for weight loss. In this review, we synthesize data arising from clinical and animal studies over the last decade and discuss the potential mechanisms by which caffeine may induce weight loss, focusing particularly on increasing energy consumption, suppressing appetite, altering lipid metabolism, and influencing the gut microbiota. Finally, we summarize the major challenges associated with caffeine and anti-obesity research and highlight possible directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Mavanji V, Pomonis B, Kotz CM. Orexin, serotonin, and energy balance. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1536. [PMID: 35023323 PMCID: PMC9286346 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus is critical for the control of ingestive behavior and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), as lesion or stimulation of this region alters these behaviors. Evidence points to lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons as modulators of feeding and SPA. These neurons affect a broad range of systems, and project to multiple brain regions such as the dorsal raphe nucleus, which contains serotoninergic neurons (DRN) important to energy homeostasis. Physical activity is comprised of intentional exercise and SPA. These are opposite ends of a continuum of physical activity intensity and structure. Non‐goal‐oriented behaviors, such as fidgeting, standing, and ambulating, constitute SPA in humans, and reflect a propensity for activity separate from intentional activity, such as high‐intensity voluntary exercise. In animals, SPA is activity not influenced by rewards such as food or a running wheel. Spontaneous physical activity in humans and animals burns calories and could theoretically be manipulated pharmacologically to expend calories and protect against obesity. The DRN neurons receive orexin inputs, and project heavily onto cortical and subcortical areas involved in movement, feeding and energy expenditure (EE). This review discusses the function of hypothalamic orexin in energy‐homeostasis, the interaction with DRN serotonin neurons, and the role of this orexin‐serotonin axis in regulating food intake, SPA, and EE. In addition, we discuss possible brain areas involved in orexin–serotonin cross‐talk; the role of serotonin receptors, transporters and uptake‐inhibitors in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity; animal models of obesity with impaired serotonin‐function; single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin system and obesity; and future directions in the orexin–serotonin field. This article is categorized under:Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Mavanji
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brianna Pomonis
- Research Service, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Active pharmaceutical contaminants in dietary supplements: A tier-based risk assessment approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 123:104955. [PMID: 34022259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in adulterated or contaminated dietary supplements is a current product safety concern. Since there are limited guidelines, and no published consensus methods, we developed a tier-based framework incorporating typical lines of evidence for determining the human health risk associated with APIs in dietary supplements. Specifically, the tiered approach outlines hazard identification and decision to test for APIs in products based on criteria for likelihood of contamination or adulteration, and evaluation of manufacturer production standards. For products with detectable levels of APIs, a variety of default approaches, including the use of fraction of the therapeutic dose and the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC), as well as health-based exposure limits (HBELs) are applied. In order to demonstrate its practical use, as well as any limitations and/or special considerations, this framework was applied to five dietary supplements (currently available to the public). We found that the detected levels of APIs in some dietary supplements were above the recommended dose of the drugs, and thus, pose a significant health risk to consumers and potentially workers involved in manufacturing of these supplements. The results support the value of increased product quality surveillance and perhaps regulatory activity.
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Saichanapan J, Promsuwan K, Limbut W. Adsorption and determination of sibutramine in illegal slimming product using porous graphene ink-modified electrode. Talanta 2020; 212:120788. [PMID: 32113551 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a new material, i.e., a porous graphene ink to modify on the GCE surface (PGr-ink/GCE) to improve sensitivity by increasing the surface area of the electrode for the electrochemical determination of sibutramine. The surface characterization and electrochemical adsorption behavior of the PGr-ink/GCE toward sibutramine were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). The PGr-ink/GCE exhibited a distinctive anodic response towards sibutramine using SWAdSV in BR buffer (pH 8.00) with a sensitivity 4 times higher than the bare GCE. Under the optimum conditions, the modified electrode showed good electrochemical adsorption and detection of sibutramine by the SWAdSV method with two ranges of linear concentration from 0.015 to 10.0 μg mL-1 and 10-50 μg mL-1. The limit of detection and quantitation were 5 ng mL-1 and 15 ng mL-1, respectively. Over a short analysis time (180 s), the sensor exhibited high sensitivity (10.9 μAμg-1mLcm-2), good reproducibility (RSD <3.4% n = 6), repeatability (RSD between 1.8 and 9.8% (n = 15)), excellent anti-interference properties and was successfully applied for the quantification of sibutramine in different brands of illegal slimming products with good recoveries (93 ± 4-104 ± 1%). The developed electrochemical sibutramine sensor is suitable for application in detecting illegal components in slimming products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenjira Saichanapan
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Kiattisak Promsuwan
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
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de Melo TS, Lima PR, Carvalho KMMB, Fontenele TM, Solon FRN, Tomé AR, de Lemos TLG, da Cruz Fonseca SG, Santos FA, Rao VS, de Queiroz MGR. Ferulic acid lowers body weight and visceral fat accumulation via modulation of enzymatic, hormonal and inflammatory changes in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5630. [PMID: 28076453 PMCID: PMC5264540 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported on the glucose and lipid-lowering effects of ferulic
acid (FA) but its anti-obesity potential has not yet been firmly established. This
study investigated the possible anti-obesitogenic effects of FA in mice fed a
high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. To assess the antiobesity potential of FA, 32 male
Swiss mice, weighing 20–25 g (n=6–8 per group) were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD,
treated orally or not with either FA (10 mg/kg) or sibutramine (10 mg/kg) for 15
weeks and at the end of this period, the body weights of animals, visceral fat
accumulation, plasma levels of glucose and insulin hormone, amylase and lipase
activities, the satiety hormones ghrelin and leptin, and tumor necrosis factor-α
(TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCH-1) were analyzed. Results
revealed that FA could effectively suppress the HFD-associated increase in visceral
fat accumulation, adipocyte size and body weight gain, similar to sibutramine, the
positive control. FA also significantly (P<0.05) decreased the HFD-induced
elevations in serum lipid profiles, amylase and lipase activities, and the levels of
blood glucose and insulin hormone. The markedly elevated leptin and decreased ghrelin
levels seen in HFD-fed control mice were significantly (P<0.05) reversed by FA
treatment, almost reaching the values seen in ND-fed mice. Furthermore, FA
demonstrated significant (P<0.05) inhibition of serum levels of inflammatory
mediators TNF-α, and MCH-1. These results suggest that FA could be beneficial in
lowering the risk of HFD-induced obesity via modulation of enzymatic, hormonal and
inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S de Melo
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P R Lima
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - K M M B Carvalho
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T M Fontenele
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F R N Solon
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A R Tomé
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T L G de Lemos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - F A Santos
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - V S Rao
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M G R de Queiroz
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Zhu X, Yang L, Xu F, Lin L, Zheng G. Combination therapy with catechins and caffeine inhibits fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:688-694. [PMID: 28352352 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins and caffeine, which are green tea components, have a slimming effect; however, the combinational effect of fat metabolism in 3T3-L1 cells remains unclear. In the present study, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with catechins and caffeine in combination, and it was found that combination therapy with catechins and caffeine markedly reduced intracellular fat accumulation, mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α in the early stage of cell differentiation were significantly reduced, and mRNA expression of fatty acid synthetase(FAS) andglycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein expression levels of FAS were downregulated. Noradrenaline-induced lipolysis was enhanced by caffeine, which markedly increased the protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase. These results indicated that combination therapy with catechins and caffeine synergistically inhibited lipid accumulation by regulating the gene and protein expression levels of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Therefore, catechins and caffeine combination therapy has potential as a functional food that may be used to prevent obesity and lifestyle-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Licong Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Lezhen Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, P.R. China
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Rosa F, Négrier P, Espeau P. Racemic compound and conglomerate of anhydrous sibutramine hydrochloride: a rare case of relative stability. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01123c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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