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Vulin I, Tenji D, Teodorovic I, Kaisarevic S. Undifferentiated versus retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells in investigation of markers of neural function in toxicological research. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39076017 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2385968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line is a standard in vitro experimental model of neuronal-like cells used in neuroscience and toxicological research. These cells can be differentiated into mature neurons, most commonly using retinoic acid (RA). Despite differences in characteristics, both undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are used in research. However, due to uncertainties regarding the expression of specific markers of neural function in each culture, there is no definite conclusion on which culture is better suited for (neuro)toxicological and/or neuroscience investigations. To address this dilemma, we investigated the basal expression/activity of the key elements of acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA neurotransmitter pathways, along with the elements involved in exocytosis of neurotransmitters, and neuron electrophysiological activity in undifferentiated and in RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells using a six-day differentiation protocol. Our findings revealed that both SH-SY5Y cell types are functionally active. While undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells exhibited greater multipotency in the expression of tested markers, most of those markers expressed in both cell types showed higher expression levels in RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Our results suggest that the six-day differentiation protocol with RA induces maturation, but not differentiation of the cells into specific neuron phenotype. The greater multipotency of undifferentiated cells in neural markers expression, together with their higher sensitivity to xenobiotic exposure and more simple cultivation protocols, make them a better candidate for high throughput toxicological screenings. Differentiated neurons are better suited for neuroscience researches that require higher expression of more specific neural markers and the specific types of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Vulin
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology - LECOTOX, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dina Tenji
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology - LECOTOX, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Teodorovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology - LECOTOX, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology - LECOTOX, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Yuan C, Zeng Y, Yan X, Luo J, Zeng L, Man YB, Lan B, Kang Y. AhR agonists screening and identification in indoor dust based on non-target chemical analysis by GC-Q-TOFMS and biological effect evaluation referring to ToxCast/Tox21 database. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142108. [PMID: 38657698 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies reported the concentration of agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in indoor dust by target chemical analysis or the biological effects of activating the AhR by indoor extracts, but the major AhR agonists identification in indoor dust were rarely researched. In the present study, the indoor dust samples were collected for 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) assay and both non-targeted and targeted chemical analysis for AhR agonists by gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Coupled with non-targeted analysis and toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast)/Tox21 database, 104 ToxCast chemicals were screened to be able to induce EROD response. The combination of targeted chemical analyses and biological effects evaluation indicated that PAHs, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Cypermethrin might be the important AhR-agonists in different indoor dust and mainly contributed in 1.84%-97.56 % (median: 26.62%) of total observed biological effects through comparing toxic equivalency quotient derived from chemical analysis with biological equivalences derived from bioassay. DBP and cypermethrin seldom reported in the analysis of AhR agonists should raise great concern. In addition, the present results in experiment of synthetic solution of 4 selected AhR-agonists pointed out that some unidentified AhR agonists existed in indoor dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoli Yuan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Luo
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixuan Zeng
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), And Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingyan Lan
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Kang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Vulin I, Tenji D, Teodorovic I, Kaisarevic S. Assessment of caffeine neurotoxicity using novel biomarkers of neural function in SH-SY5Y cells - Is there a need for environmental concern? Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110082. [PMID: 35940281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide usage of caffeine results in its constant release into the aquatic environment and growing concerns related to associated risks. We assessed (neuro)toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine, using novel biomarkers of neural function in SH-SY5Y cells and markers of general toxicity also in HepG2 cells. The RQ-PCR analyses showed that caffeine disturbs the expression of genes encoding several key elements of neurotransmitter pathways, with the most prominent responses observed for serotonin receptor 3A, dopamine receptor D2, monoamine oxidase B and GABA-transaminase. Expression of genes encoding synaptotagmin 10 involved in exocytosis of neurotransmitters and ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 3 was also disturbed. Caffeine stimulated the activity of monoamine oxidase, while cytotoxicity and effects on mitochondrial membrane potential were not observed. Our study points out the new possible molecular targets of caffeine and suggests that the raising concerns related to its growing environmental presence are justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Vulin
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology - LECOTOX, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dina Tenji
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology - LECOTOX, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology - LECOTOX, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology - LECOTOX, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Laino A, Garcia CF. Study of the effect of cypermethrin on the spider Polybetes phytagoricus in different energy states. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104559. [PMID: 32359558 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spiders are found among the most important predators of plague insects of numerous agricultural systems. They are the most numerous representatives of the Class Arachnid and are widely distributed in numerous ecosystems. Due to multiple variables, living beings are exposed to quantitative transitions of their energetic reserves, which affect their sensitivity before the different xenobiotics. In the present study we evaluate the effect of cypermethrin (pyrethroid) on different metabolic/energetic stages of the spider Polybetes pythagoricus (Sparassidae). We firstly studied LD50 of cypermethrin on young, males and, pre-vitellogenic and post-vitellogenic females. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was analyzed. Results indicate that young have a higher caloric content compared to adults, females have a higher caloric content than males and vitellogenesis generates a great calory decrease in females. The LD50 was significantly lower in young (10%) (103 ng/g weight) in relation to the three models of adults (969-1108 ng/g weight). Vitellogenesis causes an increase of free radicals as a result of the different metabolic processes which manifest as an increase in the lipid peroxidation. Doses at the LD30 and LD40 levels of cypermethrin did not generate alterations in any of the enzymes analyzed in young, this fact may probably provoke an increase of lipid peroxidation (evaluated as a great MDA increase). The activity of the enzymes linked to oxidative stress was altered by this doses in the three adult models, the enzymatic activity CAT, GR, and GST was sex-dependent. Post-vitellogenic females showed a greater activity of CAT, SOD, GST and GR before the xenobiotics than pre-vitellogenic ones, probably as a consequence of metabolic stress generated during vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner", 60 y 120 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C F Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner", 60 y 120 s/n, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wang H, He Y, Cheng D, Pu D, Tan R, Gao L, Cui Y, Wu J. Cypermethrin exposure reduces the ovarian reserve by causing mitochondrial dysfunction in granulosa cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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